1
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Bamias G, Menghini P, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Targeting TL1A and DR3: the new frontier of anti-cytokine therapy in IBD. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332504. [PMID: 39266053 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) and its functional receptor, death-domain receptor 3 (DR3), are members of the TNF and TNFR superfamilies, respectively, with recognised roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses; additional existence of a decoy receptor, DcR3, indicates a tightly regulated cytokine system. The significance of TL1A:DR3 signalling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is supported by several converging lines of evidence. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of what is currently known regarding the TL1A/DR3 system in the context of IBD. TL1A and DR3 are expressed by cellular subsets with important roles for the initiation and maintenance of intestinal inflammation, serving as potent universal costimulators of effector immune responses, indicating their participation in the pathogenesis of IBD. Recent evidence also supports a homoeostatic role for TL1A:DR3 via regulation of Tregs and innate lymphoid cells. TL1A and DR3 are also expressed by stromal cells and may contribute to inflammation-induced or inflammation-independent intestinal fibrogenesis. Finally, discovery of genetic polymorphisms with functional consequences may allow for patient stratification, including differential responses to TL1A-targeted therapeutics. In conclusion, TL1A:DR3 signalling plays a central and multifaceted role in the immunological pathways that underlie intestinal inflammation, such as that observed in IBD. Such evidence provides the foundation for developing pharmaceutical approaches targeting this ligand-receptor pair in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paola Menghini
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Zhan RR, Wang D, Zhang XL. Progress in research of TNF-like cytokine 1A as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:397-404. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i6.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
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3
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Pires S, Longman RS. Sounding the alarm in the lung with TL1A. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20240389. [PMID: 38597953 PMCID: PMC11010314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental airborne antigens are central to the development of allergic asthma, but the cellular processes that trigger disease remain incompletely understood. In this report, Schmitt et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231236) identify TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) as an epithelial alarmin constitutively expressed by a subset of lung epithelial cells, which is released in response to airborne microbial challenge and synergizes with IL-33 to drive allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pires
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Center and Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Center and Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Meng F, Jiang X, Wang X, Zheng Q, Wang XN, Mei C, Yan S, He Y, Xue J, Zhang X, Fu W, You Y, Zhai J, Wang Y, Sun X. Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2120771120. [PMID: 37579137 PMCID: PMC10452302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120771120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) to death receptor 3 (DR3) plays an important role in the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells and contributes to intestinal inflammation development. However, the mechanism by which DCs expressing TL1A mediate helper T (Th) cell differentiation in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) during the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. In this study, we found that TL1A/DR3 promoted Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in T-T and DC-T cell interaction-dependent manners. TL1A-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to polarize into Th1/Th17 cells and did not cause colonic inflammation in a T cell transfer colitis model. Notably, TL1A was located in the cytoplasm and nuclei of DCs, positively regulated the DC-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin/RAF1/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, enhanced the antigen uptake ability of DCs, and promoted TLR4-mediated DC activation, inducing naive CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells. Our work reveals that TL1A plays a regulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxiang Meng
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110801, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Xiaonan N. Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Chenxue Mei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Siqi Yan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Junxiu Xue
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Teaching Center for Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
| | - Wenda Fu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province710032, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
- Department of Immunology, Chengde medical university, Chengde, Hebei Province067000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao028000, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao028000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110032, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province110122, China
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5
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Shen Y, Li X, Wang D, Zhang L, Li X, Su L, Fan X, Yang X. COL3A1: Potential prognostic predictor for head and neck cancer based on immune-microenvironment alternative splicing. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4882-4894. [PMID: 36039012 PMCID: PMC9972170 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify a novel prognostic biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on tumor immunology-related alternative splicing (AS). Data for 502 HNSCC and 44 normal samples were obtained from the TCGA database and used to establish an AS-related risk model through univariate, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator Cox regression analyses. Fresh HNSCC and normal oral tissues were surgically obtained from 44 HNSCC patients. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR were used to assess gene expression levels. Kaplan-Meier was performed to evaluate patients' overall survival (OS) rate. The CIBERSORT algorithm, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, and immune checkpoint analyses were performed to compare immune activities between subgroups. The risk model was established using 10 pivotal AS events first. Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain (COL3A1) were screened based on |log2FC| ≥ 1 and FDR < 0.05 criteria. COL3A1 expression levels in HNSCC tissues were elevated relative to normal tissues (p < 0.001). Moreover, COL3A1 was a reliable biomarker for HNSCC patients' prognostic prediction in both cohorts (p < 0.001, p = 0.0085, respectively). COL3A1 protein (p = 0.0054) and mRNA (p < 0.0001) levels were correlated with HNSCC differentiation. Furthermore, the T stage was correlated with COL3A1 expression (p = 0.043), and COL3A1 expression was an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC patients (p = 0.006). Compared with the risk model, COL3A1 was better at evaluating immune cell infiltrations, immune activities, and immune checkpoint gene expressions of HNSCC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Shen
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Deming Wang
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Zhang
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Lixin Su
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xindong Fan
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xitao Yang
- Vascular Anomaly Center, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina
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6
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Jacob N, Kumagai K, Abraham JP, Shimodaira Y, Ye Y, Luu J, Blackwood AY, Castanon SL, Stamps DT, Thomas LS, Gonsky R, Shih DQ, Michelsen KS, Targan SR. Direct signaling of TL1A-DR3 on fibroblasts induces intestinal fibrosis in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18189. [PMID: 33097818 PMCID: PMC7584589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A, TNFSF15) is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, modulating the location and severity of inflammation and fibrosis. TL1A expression is increased in inflamed mucosa and associated with fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. Tl1a-overexpression in mice causes spontaneous ileitis, and exacerbates induced proximal colitis and fibrosis. Intestinal fibroblasts express Death-receptor 3 (DR3; the only know receptor for TL1A) and stimulation with TL1A induces activation in vitro. However, the contribution of direct TL1A-DR3 activation on fibroblasts to fibrosis in vivo remains unknown. TL1A overexpressing naïve T cells were transferred into Rag-/- , Rag-/- mice lacking DR3 in all cell types (Rag-/-Dr3-/-), or Rag-/- mice lacking DR3 only on fibroblasts (Rag-/-Dr3∆Col1a2) to induce colitis and fibrosis, assessed by clinical disease activity index, intestinal inflammation, and collagen deposition. Rag-/- mice developed overt colitis with intestinal fibrostenosis. In contrast, Rag-/-Dr3-/- demonstrated decreased inflammation and fibrosis. Despite similar clinical disease and inflammation as Rag-/-, Rag-/-Dr3∆Col1a2 exhibited reduced intestinal fibrosis and attenuated fibroblast activation and migration. RNA-Sequencing of TL1A-stimulated fibroblasts identified Rho signal transduction as a major pathway activated by TL1A and inhibition of this pathway modulated TL1A-mediated fibroblast functions. Thus, direct TL1A signaling on fibroblasts promotes intestinal fibrosis in vivo. These results provide novel insight into profibrotic pathways mediated by TL1A paralleling its pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Jacob
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Suite 2114, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jay P Abraham
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yosuke Shimodaira
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yuefang Ye
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Justin Luu
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Anna Y Blackwood
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sofi L Castanon
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dalton T Stamps
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lisa S Thomas
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rivkah Gonsky
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kathrin S Michelsen
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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7
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Pai YC, Weng LT, Wei SC, Wu LL, Shih DQ, Targan SR, Turner JR, Yu LCH. Gut microbial transcytosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-like 1A-dependent activation of a myosin light chain kinase splice variant contributes to IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:jjaa165. [PMID: 32770194 PMCID: PMC7904084 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by abnormal host-microbe interactions. Proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ and a novel TNF superfamily member, TL1A, have been implicated in epithelial barrier dysfunction. The divergent regulatory mechanisms of transcellular versus paracellular hyperpermeability remain poorly understood. Intestinal epithelia express two splice variants of long myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), of which the full-length MLCK1 differ from the shorter isoform MLCK2 by a Src kinase phosphorylation site. The aim was to investigate the roles of MLCK splice variants in gut barrier defects under proinflammatory stress. Upregulated expression of TL1A, IFNγ, and two MLCK variants was observed in human IBD biopsy specimens. The presence of intraepithelial bacteria preceded tight junction (TJ) damage in dextran sodium sulfate-treated and TL1A-transgenic mouse models. Lack of barrier defects was observed in long MLCK(-/-) mice. TL1A induced MLCK-dependent terminal web (TW) contraction, brush border fanning, and transepithelial bacterial internalization. The bacterial taxa identified in the inflamed colonocytes included Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus,and Lactobacillus. Recombinant TL1A and IFNγ at low doses induced PI3K/Akt/MLCK2-dependent bacterial endocytosis, whereas high-dose IFNγ caused TJ opening via the iNOS/Src/MLCK1 axis. Bacterial internalization was recapitulated in MLCK-knockout cells individually expressing MLCK2 but not MLCK1. Immunostaining showed different subcellular sites of phosphorylated MLC localized to the TJ and TW in the MLCK1- and MLCK2-expressing cells, respectively. In conclusion, proinflammatory cytokines induced bacterial influx through transcellular and paracellular routes via divergent pathways orchestrated by distinct MLCK isoforms. Bacterial transcytosis induced by TL1A may be an alternative route causing symptom flares in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Weng
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Q Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen R Targan
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Brigham’s Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Lim J, Park T, Kim J, Hong S. Cloning and characterization of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus; phylogenetic, in silico, and expressional analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103685. [PMID: 32213302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF)15 is a member of TNFSF which shares a high homology with other TNFSFs, especially lymphotoxin (LT)-α in teleost. In this study, we have cloned a putative TNFSF15 gene in rock bream which was highly homologous with other fish TNFSF15 and performed bioinformatic analysis to confirm the membership. The RB-TNFSF15 cDNA consists of 3192 bp (193 bp of 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 732 bp of ORF, and 2267 bp of 3'-UTR) and encodes a polypeptide of 243 amino acids containing a predicted TNF superfamily signature with 43-61% identities with fish TNFSF15. The predicted 3D structure was similar to human TNFSF15 with β barrel structure containing 10 β strands and 1 α helix while human LT-α and β contain 10 β strands and 2 α helices. Consequently, the synteny and phylogenetic analysis of fish TNFSF15 genes and structural similarity of the predicted protein to mammalian TNFSF15 implicate that they can be identified as TNFSF15. In healthy rock bream, RB-TNFSF15 gene expression level was the highest in fin and the lowest in blood. In vitro, TNFSF15 gene expression was up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) in head kidney, while up-regulated by poly I:C and RBIV at later time in spleen. In vivo, RB-TNFSF15 gene expression was up-regulated in head kidney, liver and blood after vaccination with a formalin inactivated RBIV. After challenging with RBIV, RB-TNFSF15 gene expression was up-regulated in unvaccinated group at day 3 post-infection in head kidney. In gill, it was significantly up-regulated in vaccinated group at day 1 post-challenge and all groups at day 7, indicating that RB-TNFSF may play a key role in mucosal immunity during viral infection. Since the regulation mechanism of TNFSF15 gene expression in fish has not yet been elucidated, the present study will help to understand the roles of TNFSF15 in fish immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Taehoo Park
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Suhee Hong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
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9
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Sattler A, Thiel LG, Ruhm AH, Souidi N, Seifert M, Herberth G, Kotsch K. The TL1A-DR3 Axis Selectively Drives Effector Functions in Human MAIT Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2970-2978. [PMID: 31628153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are semi-invariant T cells specifically recognizing riboflavin derivatives that are synthesized by many bacteria and fungi presented by MHC class I-related MR1 molecules. Accumulating evidence, however, indicates that MAIT cell functions are inducible by cytokine stimuli in the absence of TCR ligation, identifying MAIT cells as innate sentinels in inflammatory environments. In this study, we demonstrate that death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNFR superfamily, is ex vivo expressed and predominantly upregulated on the surface of human MAIT cells by innate cytokine stimulation. In turn, the DR3 ligand TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) licenses innate TNF-α production in the absence of cognate triggers, being sufficient to promote activation of primary endothelial cells in vitro. TL1A further amplifies synthesis of IFN-γ and granzyme B in the presence of otherwise weak innate stimuli and strongly augments polyfunctionality. Mechanistically, TL1A potentiates T-bet expression, early NF-κB, and late p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, with the latter being indispensable for TNF-α production by MAIT cells. Of note, endogenous TL1A is also rapidly released from PBMC cultures in response to bacterial triggering, thereby equally augmenting Ag-specific MAIT cell effector functions. In summary, to our knowledge, we identify a new inflammatory mechanism in MAIT cells linking the DR3/TL1A axis with amplification of TCR-dependent and -independent effector functions, particularly inducing excessive innate TNF-α production. Given that both TL1A and TNF-α are abundantly present at sites of chronic inflammation, the contribution of MAIT cells in such scenarios needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sattler
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lion Gabriel Thiel
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annkathrin Helena Ruhm
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Naima Souidi
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Martina Seifert
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Leng T, Akther HD, Hackstein CP, Powell K, King T, Friedrich M, Christoforidou Z, McCuaig S, Neyazi M, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Hagel J, Powrie F, Peres RS, Millar V, Ebner D, Lamichhane R, Ussher J, Hinks TSC, Marchi E, Willberg C, Klenerman P. TCR and Inflammatory Signals Tune Human MAIT Cells to Exert Specific Tissue Repair and Effector Functions. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3077-3091.e5. [PMID: 31533032 PMCID: PMC6899450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells are an unconventional T cell population that can be activated through both TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. Here, we examined the impact of combinations of TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signals in human CD8+ MAIT cells. TCR-independent activation of these MAIT cells from blood and gut was maximized by extending the panel of cytokines to include TNF-superfamily member TL1A. RNA-seq experiments revealed that TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signals drive MAIT cells to exert overlapping and specific effector functions, affecting both host defense and tissue homeostasis. Although TCR triggering alone is insufficient to drive sustained activation, TCR-triggered MAIT cells showed specific enrichment of tissue-repair functions at the gene and protein levels and in in vitro assays. Altogether, these data indicate the blend of TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signaling to CD8+ MAIT cells may play a role in controlling the balance between healthy and pathological processes of tissue inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Leng
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Hossain Delowar Akther
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kate Powell
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Thomas King
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Zoe Christoforidou
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mastura Neyazi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Joachim Hagel
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Val Millar
- Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rajesh Lamichhane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - James Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Chris Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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11
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Abstract
Despite continuous exposure to trillions of microbes, the intestinal immune system protects the mucosa by balancing barrier protection, tolerance, and immunity. As both sentinel and effector, the mucosal innate immune system plays a central role in coordinating these responses. By integrating signals from the intestinal microbiota, mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) serve as a critical link in regulating effector functions of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Our recent work identified the role for MNP production of the IBD-linked protein TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) in modulating microbial regulation of ILC3 barrier immunity. These findings highlight a broader role for ILC3s in local control of T cell immunity and their potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim G. Castellanos
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA,CONTACT Randy S. Longman Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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12
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Valatas V, Kolios G, Bamias G. TL1A (TNFSF15) and DR3 (TNFRSF25): A Co-stimulatory System of Cytokines With Diverse Functions in Gut Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 30972074 PMCID: PMC6445966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TL1A and its functional receptor DR3 are members of the TNF/TNFR superfamilies of proteins. Binding of APC-derived TL1A to lymphocytic DR3 provides co-stimulatory signals for activated lymphocytes. DR3 signaling affects the proliferative activity of and cytokine production by effector lymphocytes, but also critically influences the development and suppressive function of regulatory T-cells. DR3 was also found to be highly expressed by innate lymphoid cells (ILCS), which respond to stimulation by TL1A. Several recent studies with transgenic and knockout mice as well as neutralizing or agonistic antibodies for these two proteins, have clearly shown that TL1A/DR3 are important mediators of several chronic immunological disorders, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). TL1A and DR3 are abundantly localized at inflamed intestinal areas of patients with IBD and mice with experimental ileitis or colitis and actively participate in the immunological pathways that underlie mucosal homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. DR3 signaling has demonstrated a dichotomous role in mucosal immunity. On the one hand, during acute mucosal injury it exerts protective functions by ameliorating the severity of acute inflammatory responses and facilitating tissue repair. On the other hand, it critically participates in the pro-inflammatory pathways that underlie chronic inflammatory responses, such as those that take place in IBD. These effects are mediated through modulation of the relative mucosal abundance and function of Th1, Th2, Th17, Th9, and Treg lymphocytes, but also of all types of ILCs. Recently, an important role was demonstrated for TL1A/DR3 as potential mediators of intestinal fibrosis that is associated with the presence of gut inflammation. These accumulating data have raised the possibility that TL1A/DR3 pathways may represent a valid therapeutic target for chronic immunological diseases. Nevertheless, applicability of such a therapeutic approach will greatly rely on the net result of TL1A/DR3 manipulation on the various cell populations that will be affected by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-unit, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
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13
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Overexpression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Ligand 1 A in Myeloid Cells Aggravates Liver Fibrosis in Mice. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7657294. [PMID: 30906791 PMCID: PMC6393882 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7657294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the master regulator of the dynamic fibrogenesis-fibrosis resolution paradigm. TNF-like ligand 1 aberrance (TL1A) was found to be able to induce intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, significantly increased TL1A had been detected in liver tissues and mononuclear cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). This study was to investigate the effect of myeloid cells with constitutive TL1A expression on liver fibrogenesis. We found that TL1A expressions in liver tissues and macrophages were significantly increased in mice with liver fibrosis induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). TL1A overexpression in myeloid cells induced liver function injury, accelerated the necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes, recruited macrophages, and promoted activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrosis. In vitro results of our study showed that TL1A overexpression in macrophages promoted secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Culturing macrophages with TL1A overexpression could accelerate the activation and proliferation of primary HSCs. These results indicated that constitutive TL1A expression in myeloid cells exacerbated liver fibrosis, probably through macrophage recruitment and secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines.
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14
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ILC3-derived OX40L is essential for homeostasis of intestinal Tregs in immunodeficient mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:163-177. [PMID: 30760919 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OX40L is one of the co-stimulatory molecules that can be expressed by splenic lymphoid tissue inducer (Lti) cells, a subset of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). OX40L expression in subsets of intestinal ILC3s and the molecular regulation of OX40L expression in ILC3s are unknown. Here, we showed intestinal ILC3s marked as an OX40Lhigh population among all the intestinal leukocytes and were the dominant source of OX40L in Rag1-/- mice. All ILC3 subsets expressed OX40L, and NCR-ILC3s were the most abundant source of OX40L. The expression of OX40L in ILC3s could be upregulated during inflammation. In addition to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A), which has been known as a trigger for OX40L, we found that Poly (I:C) representing viral stimulus promoted OX40L expression in ILC3s via a cell-autonomous manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IL-7-STAT5 signaling sustained OX40L expression by ILC3s. Intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs), most of which expressed OX40, had defective expansion in chimeric mice, in which ILC3s were specifically deficient for OX40L expression. Consistently, co-localization of Tregs and ILC3s was found in the cryptopatches of the intestine, which suggests the close interaction between ILC3s and Tregs. Our study has unveiled the crosstalk between Tregs and ILC3s in mucosal tissues through OX40-OX40L signaling, which is crucial for the homeostasis of intestinal Tregs.
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15
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Castellanos JG, Woo V, Viladomiu M, Putzel G, Lima S, Diehl GE, Marderstein AR, Gandara J, Perez AR, Withers DR, Targan SR, Shih DQ, Scherl EJ, Longman RS. Microbiota-Induced TNF-like Ligand 1A Drives Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Barrier Protection and Intestinal T Cell Activation during Colitis. Immunity 2018; 49:1077-1089.e5. [PMID: 30552020 PMCID: PMC6301104 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a dysregulated interaction between the microbiota and a genetically susceptible host. Genetic studies have linked TNFSF15 polymorphisms and its protein TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) with IBD, but the functional role of TL1A is not known. Here, we found that adherent IBD-associated microbiota induced TL1A release from CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). Using cell-specific genetic deletion models, we identified an essential role for CX3CR1+MNP-derived TL1A in driving group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) production of interleukin-22 and mucosal healing during acute colitis. In contrast to this protective role in acute colitis, TL1A-dependent expression of co-stimulatory molecule OX40L in MHCII+ ILC3s during colitis led to co-stimulation of antigen-specific T cells that was required for chronic T cell colitis. These results identify a role for ILC3s in activating intestinal T cells and reveal a central role for TL1A in promoting ILC3 barrier immunity during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim G Castellanos
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Viola Woo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Monica Viladomiu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Svetlana Lima
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gretchen E Diehl
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew R Marderstein
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jorge Gandara
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alexendar R Perez
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Randy S Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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16
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Kadiyska T, Tourtourikov I, Popmihaylova AM, Kadian H, Chavoushian A. Role of TNFSF15 in the intestinal inflammatory response. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2018; 9:73-78. [PMID: 30809418 PMCID: PMC6384511 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v9.i4.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases, specifically Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis are all characterized by complicated inflammation of the digestive tract. Their pathology is multifactorial, and risk factors encompass both genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in the genetic component of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have revealed that the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) contains a number of risk alleles associated not only with IBD but also with other diseases such as diverticular disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. These risk alleles in TNFSF15 and the altered expression of its gene product can serve as the common ground between these disorders by explaining at least some of the underlying processes that lead to a dysregulated immune response and subsequent chronic inflammation. Here, we aim to outline how the TNFSF15 gene is involved in the proliferation and cell fate of different populations of T cells and subsequently in the control of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we summarize what is currently known of TNFSF15 control region variants, how they are associated with each mentioned disease, and how these variants can explain the autoimmune pathology of said diseases through altered TNFSF15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Kadiyska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sofia Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genica, Sofia 1612, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Hilda Kadian
- Bulgarian Association for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Sofia 1527, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Chavoushian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Acibadem City Clinic Oncology Center, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
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17
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Richard AC, Peters JE, Savinykh N, Lee JC, Hawley ET, Meylan F, Siegel RM, Lyons PA, Smith KGC. Reduced monocyte and macrophage TNFSF15/TL1A expression is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007458. [PMID: 30199539 PMCID: PMC6130856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a breakdown of intestinal immune homeostasis and compromise of the intestinal barrier. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 genetic loci associated with risk for IBD, but the functional mechanisms of most of these genetic variants remain unknown. Polymorphisms at the TNFSF15 locus, which encodes the TNF superfamily cytokine commonly known as TL1A, are associated with susceptibility to IBD in multiple ethnic groups. In a wide variety of murine models of inflammation including models of IBD, TNFSF15 promotes immunopathology by signaling through its receptor DR3. Such evidence has led to the hypothesis that expression of this lymphocyte costimulatory cytokine increases risk for IBD. In contrast, here we show that the IBD-risk haplotype at TNFSF15 is associated with decreased expression of the gene by peripheral blood monocytes in both healthy volunteers and IBD patients. This association persists under various stimulation conditions at both the RNA and protein levels and is maintained after macrophage differentiation. Utilizing a "recall-by-genotype" bioresource for allele-specific expression measurements in a functional fine-mapping assay, we localize the polymorphism controlling TNFSF15 expression to the regulatory region upstream of the gene. Through a T cell costimulation assay, we demonstrate that genetically regulated TNFSF15 has functional relevance. These findings indicate that genetically enhanced expression of TNFSF15 in specific cell types may confer protection against the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne C. Richard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Savinykh
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric T. Hawley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Inflammation-independent TL1A-mediated intestinal fibrosis is dependent on the gut microbiome. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1466-1476. [PMID: 29988118 PMCID: PMC6162160 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A, TNFSF15) is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), modulating the location and severity of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. TL1A expression is increased in inflamed gut mucosa and associated with fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. Tl1a-overexpression in mice lead to spontaneous ileitis, and exacerbated induced proximal colitis and fibrosis. IBD is associated with shifts in the gut microbiome, but the effect of differing microbial populations and their interaction with TL1A on fibrosis has not been investigated. We demonstrate that the pro-fibrotic and inflammatory phenotype resulting from Tl1a-overexpression is abrogated in the absence of resident microbiota. To evaluate if this is due to the absence of a unique bacterial population, as opposed to any bacteria per se, we gavaged germ-free (GF) wild-type and Tl1a-transgenic (Tl1a-Tg) mice with stool from specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and a healthy human donor (Hu). Reconstitution with SPF, but not Hu microbiota, resulted in increased intestinal collagen deposition and fibroblast activation in Tl1a-Tg mice. Notably, there was reduced fibroblast migration and activation under GF conditions compared to native conditions. We then identified several candidate organisms that correlated directly with increased fibrosis in reconstituted mice and showed that these organisms directly impact fibroblast function in vitro. Thus, Tl1a-mediated intestinal fibrosis and fibroblast activation are dependent on specific microbial populations.
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19
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Ward-Kavanagh LK, Lin WW, Šedý JR, Ware CF. The TNF Receptor Superfamily in Co-stimulating and Co-inhibitory Responses. Immunity 2017; 44:1005-19. [PMID: 27192566 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens and malignant cells. The pathways controlled by the TNF superfamily differentiate both innate and adaptive immune cells and modulate stromal cells into microenvironments conducive to host defenses. Members of the TNF receptor superfamily activate diverse cellular functions from the production of type 1 interferons to the modulation of survival of antigen-activated T cells. Here, we focus attention on the subset of TNF superfamily receptors encoded in the immune response locus in chromosomal region 1p36. Recent studies have revealed that these receptors use diverse mechanisms to either co-stimulate or restrict immune responses. Translation of the fundamental mechanisms of TNF superfamily is leading to the design of therapeutics that can alter pathogenic processes in several autoimmune diseases or promote immunity to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Ward-Kavanagh
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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20
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Singh RK, Perks WV, Twohig JP, Kidd EJ, Broadley K, Farrow SN, Williams AS, Taylor PR, Wang ECY. Death Receptor 3 regulates distinct pathological attributes of acute versus chronic murine allergic lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:62-70. [PMID: 28942944 PMCID: PMC5736020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Death Receptor 3 (DR3)/Tumour Necrosis Factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) axis stimulates effector T cells and type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) that trigger cytokine release and drive disease pathology in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including murine models of acute allergic lung inflammation (ALI). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of DR3 in chronic ALI compared to acute ALI, using mice genetically deficient in the DR3 gene (DR3ko). Results showed DR3 expression in the lungs of wild-type mice was up-regulated following induction of acute ALI and this increased expression was maintained in chronic disease. DR3ko mice were resistant to cellular accumulation within the alveolar passages in acute, but not chronic ALI. However, DR3ko mice displayed reduced immuno-histopathology and goblet cell hyperplasia; hallmarks of the asthmatic phenotype; in chronic, but not acute ALI. These data suggest DR3 is a potential therapeutic target, involved in temporally distinct aspects of ALI progression and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur Singh
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - William Victor Perks
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jason Peter Twohig
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Emma J Kidd
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Kenneth Broadley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Stuart N Farrow
- CRT discoveries laboratories, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anwen Sian Williams
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip Russel Taylor
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Eddie Chung Yern Wang
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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21
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Pham OH, O’Donnell H, Al-Shamkhani A, Kerrinnes T, Tsolis RM, McSorley SJ. T cell expression of IL-18R and DR3 is essential for non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and optimal clearance of intracellular bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006566. [PMID: 28817719 PMCID: PMC5574617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Th1 cells can be activated by TCR-independent stimuli, but the importance of this pathway in vivo and the precise mechanisms involved require further investigation. Here, we used a simple model of non-cognate Th1 cell stimulation in Salmonella-infected mice to examine these issues. CD4 Th1 cell expression of both IL-18R and DR3 was required for optimal IFN-γ induction in response to non-cognate stimulation, while IL-15R expression was dispensable. Interestingly, effector Th1 cells generated by immunization rather than live infection had lower non-cognate activity despite comparable IL-18R and DR3 expression. Mice lacking T cell intrinsic expression of MyD88, an important adapter molecule in non-cognate T cell stimulation, exhibited higher bacterial burdens upon infection with Salmonella, Chlamydia or Brucella, suggesting that non-cognate Th1 stimulation is a critical element of efficient bacterial clearance. Thus, IL-18R and DR3 are critical players in non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and this response plays an important role in protection against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh H. Pham
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hope O’Donnell
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Kerrinnes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Renée M. Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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22
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Bittner S, Ehrenschwender M. Multifaceted death receptor 3 signaling-promoting survival and triggering death. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2543-2555. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
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Gonsky R, Fleshner P, Deem RL, Biener-Ramanujan E, Li D, Potdar AA, Bilsborough J, Yang S, McGovern DPB, Targan SR. Association of Ribonuclease T2 Gene Polymorphisms With Decreased Expression and Clinical Characteristics of Severity in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:219-232. [PMID: 28400196 PMCID: PMC5484733 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Variants in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 gene (TNFSF15, also called TL1A) have been associated with risk for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). TL1A affects expression of multiple cytokines to promote mucosal inflammation. Little is known about the TL1A-response pathways that regulate cytokine expression. We investigated T-cell gene expression patterns to determine the mechanisms by which TL1A regulates cytokine production, and whether these associate with outcomes of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Peripheral T cells isolated from normal donors were cultured with TL1A. We performed gene expression profile analysis by RNA sequencing of subsets of interferon gamma (IFNG)-producing and non-producing cells purified by flow cytometry. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify gene expression differences between these subsets. Ribonuclease T2 gene (RNASET2) expression and methylation were assessed by quantitative trait loci analyses. Clinical characteristics of patients (complications, resistance to therapy, and recurrence time) were associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in RNASET2. We performed motif screening to identify polymorphisms that disrupt transcription factor binding sites. Levels of RNASET2 were knocked down with small interfering RNA in CD4+ T cells and the effect on protein expression was determined by proteomic analysis and cytokine production. Cell aggregation was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS We identified 764 genes with at least a 2-fold difference in TL1A-mediated expression between IFNG-secreting and non-secreting T cells (P < 1 × 10-5). Many of these genes were located near IBD susceptibility variants. RNASET2 was the only IBD risk-associated gene with >5-fold down-regulation in the IFNG-secreting subset. RNASET2 disease risk variants were associated with decreased expression in peripheral and mucosal tissues and DNA hypermethylation in CD patients requiring surgical intervention. RNASET2 disease risk variants were associated in CD patients with more complicated disease or resistance to therapy, defined in part by failed response to treatment, increased length of intestinal resection, shorter time to repeat surgery, and high Rutgeerts score (>2) in postoperative endoscopy. The RNASET2 variant rs2149092 was predicted to disrupt a consensus binding site for the transcription factor ETS within an enhancer region. Expression of RNASET2 correlated with expression of ETS. RNASET2 knockdown in T cells increased expression of IFNG and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and induced T-cell aggregation. A blocking antibody against (ILFA1), disrupting the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 interaction, reduced T-cell production of IFNG. CONCLUSIONS We identified decreased expression of RNASET2 as a component of TL1A-mediated increase in production of IFNG and as a potential biomarker for patients with severe CD. Further study of the role of RNASET2 in regulating mucosal inflammation may lead to development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivkah Gonsky
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard L Deem
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eva Biener-Ramanujan
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alka A Potdar
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janine Bilsborough
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shaohong Yang
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Bamias G, Delladetsima I, Perdiki M, Siakavellas SI, Goukos D, Papatheodoridis GV, Daikos GL, Gogas H. Immunological Characteristics of Colitis Associated with Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody Therapy. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:443-455. [PMID: 28548891 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1324032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anti-CTL4-A therapy is associated with development of colitis. We characterized ipilimumab-associated colitis in nine melanoma patients (6 male, mean age: 55.3-yrs). Median value for diarrhea grade was 2, number of ipilimumab doses 2, and interval since last administration 3-wks. Endoscopic characteristics resembled inflammatory bowel disease and histology revealed predominance of plasmacytes or CD4+ T-cells. We observed significant upregulation of Th1 and Th17 effector pathways (>10-fold increase for IFN-γmRNA, >5-fold for IL-17A, p < 0.01 vs. controls). Significant elevation of FoxP3 was also detected. In conclusion, ipilimumab administration results in elevations of effector lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory mediators in the gut lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- a Academic Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioanna Delladetsima
- b First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Marina Perdiki
- b First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Spyros I Siakavellas
- a Academic Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goukos
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- a Academic Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - George L Daikos
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital , Athens , Greece
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25
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Qian L, Zhao Y, Guo L, Li S, Wu X. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting the expression of TL1A. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3727-3734. [PMID: 28177121 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Punan Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command; Kunming China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Renji Hospital; School of medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
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26
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Diverticulitis and Crohn's disease have distinct but overlapping tumor necrosis superfamily 15 haplotypes. J Surg Res 2017. [PMID: 28624054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticulitis (DD) and Crohn's disease (CD) have overlapping features including bowel structuring, inflammation, and infection. Tumor necrosis superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) is an immunoregulatory, anti-angiogenic gene. CD has been previously associated with a haplotype of five TNFSF15 single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles: rs3810936 (G allele), rs6478108 (A), rs6478109 (G), rs7848647 (G), and rs7869487 (A). We aimed to determine the TNFSF15 risk haplotype for DD versus controls with a subgroup analysis of youthful DD patients (aged ≤55 y) versus older controls (aged ≥55 y). METHODS A total of 148 diverticulitis patients (90 aged ≤55 y) and 200 controls (87 aged ≥55 y) were genotyped using our custom-designed Illumina Veracode microarray chip. Genotypes from rs3810936, rs6478108, rs6478109, rs7848647, rs7869487 and two additional TNFSF15 single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3810936 and rs11554257, were analyzed. PHASE version 2.1, R with HaploStats and the Broad Institute's Haploview program were used for statistics and imputed haplotype frequency. Permutation corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The CD GAGGA haplotype was significantly associated with diverticulitis (P = 0.03) in the all DD versus all controls comparison. A second haplotype, rs6478108 (A), rs6478109 (G), rs7869487 (A), and rs4263839 (G), was also associated with DD in this cohort (P = 0.025). A third haplotype rs6478108 (A), rs6478109 (G), rs7848647 (G) and rs7869487 (A), rs4263839 (G) was demonstrated in the DD < 55 versus controls >55 comparison (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Distinct but overlapping TNFSF15 haplotypes were demonstrated in diverticulitis patients versus healthy controls when compared with the known Crohn's risk haplotype suggesting similar but distinct genetic predispositions. This study strengthens the role for a genetic predisposition to diverticulitis that involves the TNFSF15 gene.
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Zhang H, Zheng L, McGovern DPB, Hamill AM, Ichikawa R, Kanazawa Y, Luu J, Kumagai K, Cilluffo M, Fukata M, Targan SR, Underhill DM, Zhang X, Shih DQ. Myeloid ATG16L1 Facilitates Host-Bacteria Interactions in Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2133-2146. [PMID: 28130498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intact ATG16L1 plays an essential role in Paneth cell function and intestinal homeostasis. However, the functional consequences of ATG16L1 deficiency in myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, are not fully characterized. We generated mice with Atg16l1 deficiency in myeloid and dendritic cells and showed that mice with myeloid Atg16l1 deficiency had exacerbated colitis in two acute and one chronic model of colitis with increased proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratios, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and numbers of IgA-coated intestinal microbes. Mechanistic analyses using primary murine macrophages showed that Atg16l1 deficiency led to increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired mitophagy, reduced microbial killing, impaired processing of MHC class II Ags, and altered intracellular trafficking to the lysosomal compartments. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced microbial killing may be general features of the myeloid compartment, as they were also observed in Atg16l1-deficient primary murine neutrophils. A missense polymorphism (Thr300Ala) in the essential autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with Crohn disease (CD). Previous studies showed that this polymorphism leads to enhanced cleavage of ATG16L1 T300A protein and thus reduced autophagy. Similar findings were shown in primary human macrophages from controls and a population of CD patients carrying the Atg16l1 T300A risk variant and who were controlled for NOD2 CD-associated variants. This study revealed that ATG16L1 deficiency led to alterations in macrophage function that contribute to the severity of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; and
| | - Libo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; and
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ariel M Hamill
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Justin Luu
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Marianne Cilluffo
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Masayuki Fukata
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; and
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
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Palmieri O, Bossa F, Valvano MR, Corritore G, Latiano T, Martino G, D’Incà R, Cucchiara S, Pastore M, D’Altilia M, Scimeca D, Biscaglia G, Andriulli A, Latiano A. Crohn's Disease Localization Displays Different Predisposing Genetic Variants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168821. [PMID: 28052082 PMCID: PMC5215692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a pathologic condition with different clinical expressions that may reflect an interplay between genetics and environmental factors. Recently, it has been highlighted that three genetic markers, NOD2, MHC and MST1, were associated to distinct CD sites, supporting the concept that genetic variations may contribute to localize CD. Genetic markers, previously shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were tested in CD patients with the aim to better dissect the genetic relationship between ileal, ileocolonic and colonic CD and ascertain whether a different genetic background would support the three disease sites as independent entities. Methods A panel of 29 SNPs of 19 IBD loci were analyzed by TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination method both evaluating their distinct contribute and analyzing all markers jointly. Results Seven hundred and eight CD patients and 537 healthy controls were included in the study. Of the overall population of patients, 237 patients had an ileal involvement (L1), 171 a colonic localization (L2), and the 300 remaining an ileocolon location (L3). We confirmed the association for 23 of 29 variations (P < 0.05). Compared to healthy controls, 16 variations emerged as associated to an ileum disease, 7 with a colonic disease and 14 with an ileocolonic site (P < 0.05). Comparing ileum to colonic CD, 5 SNPs (17%) were differentially associated (P < 0.05). A genetic model score that aggregated the risks of 23 SNPs and their odds ratios (ORs), yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.70 for the overall CD patients. By analyzing each CD location, the AUC remained at the same level for the ileal and ileocolonic sites (0.73 and 0.72, respectively), but dropped to a 0,66 value in patients with colon localization. Conclusions Our findings reaffirm the existence of at least three different subgroups of CD patients, with a genetic signature distinctive for the three main CD sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrizio Bossa
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Valvano
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corritore
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martino
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Renata D’Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pastore
- Division of Pediatrics, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Mario D’Altilia
- Division of Pediatrics, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Daniela Scimeca
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biscaglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Differential Levels of Tl1a Affect the Expansion and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Modulating Murine Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:548-59. [PMID: 26818423 PMCID: PMC4752386 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of TL1A (tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A) is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mice with elevated T-cell expression of Tl1a (L-Tg) have increased regulatory T cells, yet develop worsened colitis and intestinal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Tl1a in the differentiation and function of Tregs and their effects in modulating murine colitis. METHODS Tl1a overexpressing L-Tg, Foxp3-mRFP (FIR)-LTg, and DR3KO-LTg mice were used for the study. In the L-Tg mice, Tl1a expressing cells can be identified by green fluorescent protein (GFP). RESULTS We report that Foxp3 expression in the L-Tg mice is variable based on high or low level of Tl1a expression, referred to herein as GFPhigh and GFPlow T cells. Treg-specific suppressive molecules were highly expressed on the GFPlow Foxp3 Tregs and were significantly reduced on Tregs expressing high Tl1a. In vitro suppression function was significantly enhanced in the GFPlow compared with the GFPhigh Tregs. RAG mice cotransferred with either GFPlow or wild-type Tregs were protected from colitis. Furthermore, GFPlow Tregs lost the suppression function in the absence of DR3 (Death receptor 3). CONCLUSIONS Tregs expressing low levels of Tl1a ameliorate murine colitis and promote the maintenance of Treg suppressor function in a DR3-dependent manner, partly due to a heightened regulatory program. These data reveal novel roles for differential levels of Tl1a in regulating T cell-mediated immune responses that have implications in understanding the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Cytokine TL1A and Its Receptors DR3 and DcR3: Important New Factors in Mucosal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2441-52. [PMID: 26099067 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a member of the TNF superfamily of proteins (TNFSF15), which signals through association with death domain receptor 3 (DR3). Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) competes with DR3 for TL1A binding and inhibits functional signaling. These proteins are significantly upregulated in inflamed intestinal tissues, and their pathogenetic importance for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suggested by accumulating evidence. TL1A/DR3 induce costimulatory signals to activated lymphocytes, including the gut-specific populations of CD4+CD161+ and CD4+CCR9+ cells, affecting all major effector pathways and inducing the mucosal upregulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 factors. They may also participate in mucosal homeostasis and defense against pathogens through their effects on the development and function of the recently described innate lymphoid cells. T-regulatory lymphocytes highly express DR3, and they respond to TL1A stimulation also. Mechanistic studies by transgenic expression of TL1A, deletion of TL1A or DR3, and therapeutic blockade by anti-TL1A antibodies all support the critical involvement of the corresponding pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic mucosal inflammation. Wide genome association studies have identified IBD-specific polymorphisms in TNFSF15 gene, which have functional implications and serve as poor prognostic factors. Recently, TL1A blockade in mice was presented as a unique pharmacological treatment for the reversal of established intestinal fibrosis. Finally, TL1A/DR3 signaling seems to critically participate in extraintestinal inflammatory conditions that are frequently associated with IBD as part of the gut-joint-skin-eye axis. These converging lines of evidence make TL1A/DR3 a suitable model for personalized approaches to IBD therapy.
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Richard AC, Ferdinand JR, Meylan F, Hayes ET, Gabay O, Siegel RM. The TNF-family cytokine TL1A: from lymphocyte costimulator to disease co-conspirator. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:333-45. [PMID: 26188076 PMCID: PMC4763597 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ri0315-095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally described in 2002 as a T cell-costimulatory cytokine, the tumor necrosis factor family member TNF-like factor 1A (TL1A), encoded by the TNFSF15 gene, has since been found to affect multiple cell lineages through its receptor, death receptor 3 (DR3, encoded by TNFRSF25) with distinct cell-type effects. Genetic deficiency or blockade of TL1A-DR3 has defined a number of disease states that depend on this cytokine-receptor pair, whereas excess TL1A leads to allergic gastrointestinal inflammation through stimulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Noncoding variants in the TL1A locus are associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease and leprosy, predicting that the level of TL1A expression may influence host defense and the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne C Richard
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John R Ferdinand
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Meylan
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Erika T Hayes
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Odile Gabay
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Siegel
- *Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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de Lange KM, Barrett JC. Understanding inflammatory bowel disease via immunogenetics. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:91-100. [PMID: 26257098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are both debilitating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by a dysregulated immune response to unknown environmental triggers. Both disorders have an important and overlapping genetic component, and much progress has been made in the last 20 years at elucidating some of the specific factors contributing to disease pathogenesis. Here we review our growing understanding of the immunogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease, from the twin studies that first implicated a role for the genome in disease susceptibility to the latest genome-wide association studies that have identified hundreds of associated loci. We consider the insight this offers into the biological mechanisms of the inflammatory bowel diseases, such as autophagy, barrier defence and T-cell differentiation signalling. We reflect on these findings in the context of other immune-related disorders, both common and rare. These observations include links both obvious, such as to pediatric colitis, and more surprising, such as to leprosy. As a changing picture of the underlying genetic architecture emerges, we turn to future directions for the study of complex human diseases such as these, including the use of next generation sequencing technologies for the identification of rarer risk alleles, and potential approaches for narrowing down associated loci to casual variants. We consider the implications of this work for translation into clinical practice, for example via early therapeutic hypotheses arising from our improved understanding of the biology of inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, we present potential opportunities to better understand environmental risk factors, such as the human microbiota in the context of immunogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M de Lange
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom; European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Therapeutic Target Validation, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom.
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Czogalla B, Schmitteckert S, Houghton LA, Sayuk GS, Camilleri M, Olivo-Diaz A, Spiller R, Wouters MM, Boeckxstaens G, Bermejo JL, Niesler B. A meta-analysis of immunogenetic Case-Control Association Studies in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:717-27. [PMID: 25824902 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, genetic-association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in selected candidate genes with the symptom phenotype of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have typically involved hundreds to 2000 patients. SNPs in immune-related genes, such as cytokine and cytokine receptor encoding genes, have been reported to associate with IBS risk. METHODS We conducted two independent case-control studies on 16 SNPs in IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL23R, TNFA, and TNFSF15, one from the UK (194 patients and 92 healthy volunteers) and one from the USA (137 patients and 96 healthy volunteers). The main aim was to examine the relationship between inherited immunological diversity and IBS risk in a meta-analysis which included 12 additional, earlier studies. The meta-analysis comprised a total of 2894 patients (839 IBS-C, 1073 IBS-D, 502 IBS-M), and 3138 healthy volunteers with self-reported Caucasian ancestry. KEY RESULTS The association of SNP rs4263839 (TNFSF15) was investigated in four studies and confirmed in the meta-analysis: IBS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31), and IBS-C (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42). No additional SNPs residing in immunogenes associated with IBS symptom phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our meta-analysis could not confirm a major role of most investigated SNPs, but a moderate association between rs4263839 TNFSF15 and IBS, in particular IBS-C. The analysis emphasizes the importance of definition and phenotype homogeneity, adequate study size and representativeness of the patient and control collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Czogalla
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Aiba Y, Nishida N, Matsuhashi M, Okazaki H, Nakamura M, Tokunaga K. Human primary biliary cirrhosis-susceptible allele of rs4979462 enhances TNFSF15 expression by binding NF-1. Hum Genet 2015; 134:737-47. [PMID: 25899471 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) as the strongest associated gene with susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) outside the HLA loci in the Japanese population. However, causal functional variants of the TNFSF15 locus and the molecular mechanism underlying disease susceptibility have not been clarified. Here, to identify the functional causal variants of the TNFSF15 locus, integrated analysis comprising in silico analysis, a case-control association study and in vitro functional analysis was performed. Initially, 32 functional candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the expression regulatory motifs, the coding region, or the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the TNFSF15 locus were selected by in silico analysis. By the case-control association studies using PBC patients (n = 1279) and healthy controls (n = 1091) in the Japanese population, rs4979462 [P = 1.85 × 10(-14) (our previous study)], rs56211063 (P = 2.21 × 10(-14)), and rs55768522 (r(2) = 1 with rs4979462) were likely candidates for causal variants. Among these SNPs, rs4979462 was identified as the causal variant by in vitro functional analysis using luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Super-shift assay clarified that PBC-susceptible allele of rs4979462 generated a novel NF-1 binding site. Moreover, higher endogenous TNFSF15 protein and mRNA expression levels were observed in individuals with the PBC-susceptible allele of rs4979462. This study identified the causal variant for PBC susceptibility in the TNFSF15 locus and clarified its underlying molecular mechanism. TNFSF15 and NF-1 are considered to be potential targets for the treatment of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hitomi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan,
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Alexander KL, Targan SR, Elson CO. Microbiota activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:206-20. [PMID: 24942691 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human host has coevolved with the collective of bacteria species, termed microbiota, in a complex fashion that affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Differential regulation of regulatory T-cell and effector T-cell responses are a direct result of specific microbial species present within the gut, and this relationship is subject to dysregulation during inflammation and disease. The microbiota varies widely between individuals and has a profound effect on how one reacts to various environmental stimuli, particularly if a person is genetically predisposed to an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, half of all CD patients have elevated antibodies to CBir1, a microbiota flagellin common to mice and humans, demonstrating flagellins as immunodominant antigens in the intestines. This review focuses on the use of flagellins as probes to study microbiota-specific responses in the context of health and disease as well as probes of innate and adaptive responses employed by the host to deal with the overwhelming bacterial presence of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Alexander
- Department of Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Guo CC, Deng Y, Ye H, Zhu YZ, Zheng XB. Role of MAPK signaling pathways in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:229-235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of highly conserved serine protein kinases which are distributed in the cytoplasm. MAPK signal transduction pathways play a major role in inflammatory reactions and have a close relation with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They could be involved in the regulation of inflammatory mediators as well as IBD-associated genes. This paper reviews the role of MAPK signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD, aiming at providing a new method for the treatment of IBD.
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Tougaard P, Skov S, Pedersen AE, Krych L, Nielsen DS, Bahl MI, Christensen EG, Licht TR, Poulsen SS, Metzdorff SB, Hansen AK, Hansen CHF. TL1A regulates TCRγδ+intraepithelial lymphocytes and gut microbial composition. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:865-75. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tougaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Section of Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Skov
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Section of Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. E. Pedersen
- Department of International Health; Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. Krych
- Department of Food Science; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D. S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. I. Bahl
- National Food Institute; Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment; Technical University of Denmark; Moerkhoej Denmark
| | - E. G. Christensen
- National Food Institute; Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment; Technical University of Denmark; Moerkhoej Denmark
| | - T. R. Licht
- National Food Institute; Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment; Technical University of Denmark; Moerkhoej Denmark
| | - S. S. Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. B. Metzdorff
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Section of Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. K. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Section of Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. H. F. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology; Section of Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Schey R, Danzer C, Mattner J. Perturbations of mucosal homeostasis through interactions of intestinal microbes with myeloid cells. Immunobiology 2014; 220:227-35. [PMID: 25466587 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces represent the largest areas of interactions of the host with its environment. Subsequently, the mucosal immune system has evolved complex strategies to maintain the integrity of the host by inducing protective immune responses against pathogenic and tolerance against dietary and commensal microbial antigens within the broad range of molecules the intestinal epithelium is exposed to. Among many other specialized cell subsets, myeloid cell populations - due to their strategic location in the subepithelial lamina propria - are the first ones to scavenge and process these intestinal antigens and to send consecutive signals to other immune and non-immune cell subsets. Thus, myeloid cell populations represent attractive targets for clinical intervention in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) as they initiate and modulate inflammatory or regulatory immune response and shape the intestinal T cell pool. Here, we discuss the interactions of the intestinal microbiota with dendritic cell and macrophage populations and review in this context the literature on four promising candidate molecules that are critical for the induction and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis on the one hand, but also for the initiation and propagation of chronic intestinal inflammation on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Schey
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Claudia Danzer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Use of animal models in elucidating disease pathogenesis in IBD. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:541-51. [PMID: 25212688 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a collection of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation resulting from an exuberant immune response to commensal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Rapid advances in the field of genomics have resulted in the identification of at least 163 loci that contribute susceptibility to both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Similar to other complex diseases, however, the "curse of missing heritability" remains a significant concern in understanding the mechanisms underlying IBD. While genetic discoveries, to date, only account for 7-14% of disease variance for IBD, studies have increasingly demonstrated a role for environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the use of animal models of IBD has led to a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis implicating various aspects of the innate immune response including the bacterial, fungal, and viral microbiome and adaptive immune response such as the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 pathway.
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A TNFSF15 disease-risk polymorphism increases pattern-recognition receptor-induced signaling through caspase-8-induced IL-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13451-6. [PMID: 25197060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404178111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are characterized by dysregulated cytokine production. Altered functions for most risk loci, including the inflammatory bowel disease and leprosy-associated tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) region, are unclear. Regulation of pattern-recognition-receptor (PRR)-induced signaling and cytokines is crucial for immune homeostasis; TNFSF15:death receptor 3 (DR3) contributions to PRR responses have not been described. We found that human macrophages expressed DR3 and that TNFSF15:DR3 interactions were critical for amplifying PRR-initiated MAPK/NF-κB/PI3K signaling and cytokine secretion in macrophages. Mechanisms mediating TNFSF15:DR3 contributions to PRR outcomes included TACE-induced TNFSF15 cleavage to soluble TNFSF15; soluble TNFSF15 then led to TRADD/FADD/MALT-1- and caspase-8-mediated autocrine IL-1 secretion. Notably, TNFSF15 treatment also induced cytokine secretion through a caspase-8-dependent pathway in intestinal myeloid cells. Importantly, rs6478108 A disease risk-carrier macrophages demonstrated increased TNFSF15 expression and PRR-induced signaling and cytokines. Taken together, TNFSF15:DR3 interactions amplify PRR-induced signaling and cytokines, and the rs6478108 TNFSF15 disease-risk polymorphism results in a gain of function.
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41
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Longman RS, Diehl GE, Victorio DA, Huh JR, Galan C, Miraldi ER, Swaminath A, Bonneau R, Scherl EJ, Littman DR. CX₃CR1⁺ mononuclear phagocytes support colitis-associated innate lymphoid cell production of IL-22. J Exp Med 2014; 211:1571-83. [PMID: 25024136 PMCID: PMC4113938 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) promote mucosal healing and maintain barrier integrity, but how microbial signals are integrated to regulate mucosal protection offered by these cells remains unclear. Here, we show that in vivo depletion of CX₃CR1⁺ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) resulted in more severe colitis and death after infection with Citrobacter rodentium. This phenotype was rescued by exogenous IL-22, which was endogenously produced by ILC3 in close spatial proximity to CX₃CR1⁺ MNPs that were dependent on MyD88 signaling. CX₃CR1⁺MNPs from both mouse and human tissue produced more IL-23 and IL-1β than conventional CD103(+) dendritic cells (cDCs) and were more efficient than cDCs in supporting IL-22 production in ILC3 in vitro and in vivo. Further, colonic ILC3 from patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease had increased IL-22 production. IBD-associated SNP gene set analysis revealed enrichment for genes selectively expressed in human intestinal MNPs. The product of one of these, TL1A, potently enhanced IL-23- and IL-1β-induced production of IL-22 and GM-CSF by ILC3. Collectively, these results reveal a critical role for CX₃CR1⁺ mononuclear phagocytes in integrating microbial signals to regulate colonic ILC3 function in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy S Longman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 The Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
| | - Gretchen E Diehl
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Daniel A Victorio
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 The Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
| | - Jun R Huh
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Carolina Galan
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology; and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, NY10003 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology; and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Arun Swaminath
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology; and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, NY10003 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology; and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- The Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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42
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Ślebioda TJ, Kmieć Z. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily members in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:325129. [PMID: 25045210 PMCID: PMC4087264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/325129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear aetiology of which two major forms are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD and UC are immunologically distinct, although they both result from hyperactivation of proinflammatory pathways in intestines and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) are molecules of broad spectrum of activity, including direct disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and costimulation of proinflammatory functions of lymphocytes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has a well-established pathological role in IBD which also serves as a target in IBD treatment. In this review we discuss the role of TNF and other TNFSF members, notably, TL1A, FasL, LIGHT, TRAIL, and TWEAK, in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Ślebioda
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Camilleri M, Carlson P, Acosta A, Busciglio I, Nair AA, Gibbons SJ, Farrugia G, Klee EW. RNA sequencing shows transcriptomic changes in rectosigmoid mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea: a pilot case-control study. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G1089-98. [PMID: 24763552 PMCID: PMC4059976 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00068.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to conduct a pilot case-control study of RNA expression profile using RNA sequencing of rectosigmoid mucosa of nine females with -diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) with accelerated colonic transit and nine female healthy controls. Mucosal total RNA was isolated and purified, and next-generation pair-end sequencing was performed using Illumina TruSeq. Analysis was carried out using a targeted approach toward 12 genes previously associated with IBS and a hypothesis-generating approach. Of the 12 targeted genes tested, patients with IBS-D had decreased mRNA expression of TNFSF15 (fold change controls to IBS-D: 1.53, P = 0.01). Overall, up- and downregulated mRNA expressions of 21 genes (P = 10(-5) to 10(-8); P values with false detection rates are shown) were potentially relevant to IBS-D including the following: neurotransmitters [P2RY4 (P = 0.001), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, P = 0.02)]; cytokines [CCL20 (P = 0.019)]; immune function [C4BPA complement cascade (P = 0.0187)]; interferon-related [IFIT3 (P = 0.016)]; mucosal repair and cell adhesion [trefoil protein (TFF1, P = 0.012)], retinol binding protein [RBP2 (P = 0.017)]; fibronectin (FN1, P = 0.009); and ion channel functions [guanylate cyclase (GUCA2B, P = 0.017), PDZ domain-containing protein 3 (PDZD3, P = 0.029)]. Ten genes associated with functions related to pathobiology of IBS-D were validated by RT-PCR. There was significant correlation in fold changes of the selected genes (Rs = 0.73, P = 0.013). Up- or downregulation of P2RY4, GUC2AB, RBP2, FNI, and C4BPA genes were confirmed on RT-PCR, which also revealed upregulation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and apical sodium-coupled bile acid transporter (IBAT/ASBT). RNA-Seq and RT-PCR analysis of rectosigmoid mucosa in IBS-D show transcriptome changes that provide the rationale for validation studies to explore the role of mucosal factors in the pathobiology of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Paula Carlson
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Andres Acosta
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Irene Busciglio
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Asha A. Nair
- 2Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Simon J. Gibbons
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- 1Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) and
| | - Eric W. Klee
- 2Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Aiba Y, Harada K, Komori A, Ito M, Shimoda S, Nakamura H, Nagaoka S, Abiru S, Migita K, Ishibashi H, Nakanuma Y, Nishida N, Kawashima M, Tokunaga K, Yatsuhashi H, Nakamura M. Systemic and local expression levels of TNF-like ligand 1A and its decoy receptor 3 are increased in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2014; 34:679-88. [PMID: 24016146 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Through a genome-wide association study of a Japanese population, we recently identified TNFSF15, a gene encoding TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), as a susceptibility gene for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We investigated the clinical significance of TL1A and one of its receptors, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), in PBC. METHODS We analysed the systemic and local expression of TL1A and DcR3 in 110 PBC patients and 46 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Serum TL1A levels were significantly increased in PBC patients at both early and late stages as compared with healthy controls, and its levels were significantly decreased in early-stage PBC patients after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. TL1A was immunohistochemically localized to biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, blood vessels and infiltrating mononuclear cells in the PBC liver. In addition, TL1A messenger RNA expression was increased in the PBC liver as compared with the non-diseased liver. Serum DcR3 levels were also significantly increased in PBC patients, and were significantly decreased after UDCA treatment in early-stage PBC patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TL1A and DcR3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Aiba
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
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Bates J, Diehl L. Dendritic cells in IBD pathogenesis: an area of therapeutic opportunity? J Pathol 2014; 232:112-20. [PMID: 24122796 PMCID: PMC4285849 DOI: 10.1002/path.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mucosal immune system plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Dendritic cells are emerging as central players based on both our increasing understanding of how genetic susceptibility impacts the mucosal immune system and the key role of dendritic cells in regulating response to gut microflora. We discuss areas of therapeutic opportunity in this evolving landscape. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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46
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Wallace KL, Zheng LB, Kanazawa Y, Shih DQ. Immunopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6-21. [PMID: 24415853 PMCID: PMC3886033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a complex series of interactions between susceptibility genes, the environment, and the immune system. The host microbiome, as well as viruses and fungi, play important roles in the development of IBD either by causing inflammation directly or indirectly through an altered immune system. New technologies have allowed researchers to be able to quantify the various components of the microbiome, which will allow for future developments in the etiology of IBD. Various components of the mucosal immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and include intestinal epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, cells of the innate (macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) and adaptive (T-cells and B-cells) immune system, and their secreted mediators (cytokines and chemokines). Either a mucosal susceptibility or defect in sampling of gut luminal antigen, possibly through the process of autophagy, leads to activation of innate immune response that may be mediated by enhanced toll-like receptor activity. The antigen presenting cells then mediate the differentiation of naïve T-cells into effector T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, and Th17, which alter gut homeostasis and lead to IBD. In this review, the effects of these components in the immunopathogenesis of IBD will be discussed.
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The role of TL1A and DR3 in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:258164. [PMID: 24453414 PMCID: PMC3880748 DOI: 10.1155/2013/258164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), which binds its cognate receptor DR3 and the decoy receptor DcR3, is an identified member of the TNF superfamily. TL1A exerts pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation, activation, and differentiation of immune cells, including helper T cells and regulatory T cells. TL1A and its two receptors expression is increased in both serum and inflamed tissues in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Polymorphisms of the TNFSF15 gene that encodes TL1A are associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, leprosy, and autoimmune diseases, including IBD, AS, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In mice, blocking of TL1A-DR3 interaction by either antagonistic antibodies or deletion of the DR3 gene attenuates the severity of multiple autoimmune diseases, whereas sustained TL1A expression on T cells or dendritic cells induces IL-13-dependent small intestinal inflammation. This suggests that modulation of TL1A-DR3 interaction may be a potential therapeutic target in several autoimmune diseases, including IBD, RA, AS, and PBC.
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Uo M, Hisamatsu T, Miyoshi J, Kaito D, Yoneno K, Kitazume MT, Mori M, Sugita A, Koganei K, Matsuoka K, Kanai T, Hibi T. Mucosal CXCR4+ IgG plasma cells contribute to the pathogenesis of human ulcerative colitis through FcγR-mediated CD14 macrophage activation. Gut 2013; 62:1734-44. [PMID: 23013725 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation characterised by IgG-producing plasma cell infiltration of colonic mucosa is a histological hallmark of ulcerative colitis (UC); however, whether its function is pathogenic or protective remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the contribution of intestinal IgG plasma cells to UC pathogenesis. METHODS We isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) from intestinal mucosa of UC patients and analysed the characteristics of intestinal plasma cells (expression profiles of differentiation molecules and chemokine receptors). We investigated the involvement of IgG-immune complex (IC)-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) signalling in intestinal inflammation by examining the cytokine production by LPMCs in response to IgG-IC stimulation. RESULTS IgG plasma cells that were markedly increased in number in the inflamed mucosa of UC patients showed a distinct expression profile (CD19(+)CD27(low), CCR10(low)CXCR4(high)) compared with IgA plasma cells (CD19(+/-)CD27(high), CCR10(high)CXCR4(-/low)). In vitro IgG-IC stimulation activated intestinal CD14 macrophages that were increased in number in the inflamed mucosa of UC patients via FcγRI and FcγRII, and induced the extensive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), comparable to the effect of commensal bacteria stimulation. Co-stimulation with IgG-IC and commensal bacteria increased TNF and IL-1β production more than stimulation with the latter alone. Furthermore, IgG-IC notably up-regulated the expression of TL1A, whereas commensal bacteria specifically induced IL-23. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel aspect of UC pathogenesis in which unique IgG plasma cells infiltrate the inflamed mucosa via CXCR4, and critically influence UC pathogenesis by exacerbating mucosal inflammation through the activation of 'pathogenic' intestinal CD14 macrophages via IgG-IC-FcγR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihide Uo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bamias G, Jia LG, Cominelli F. The tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A/death receptor 3 cytokine system in intestinal inflammation. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2013; 29:597-602. [PMID: 24100723 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0b013e328365d3a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) associates with the death receptor 3 (DR3) on activated lymphocytes and induces proinflammatory signals. The decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) competes for TL1A binding and inhibits functional signaling. This review focuses on the role of the TL1A/DR3/DcR3 cytokine system in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). RECENT FINDINGS TL1A may induce IFN-γ-mediated and IL-17-mediated proinflammatory pathways in IBDs by acting on DR3-expressing, CD4(+)CD161(+) lymphocytes, which are substantially enriched at the inflamed intestinal mucosa. In addition, TL1A/DR3 signaling results in expansion of the Treg pool with concomitant and transient inhibition of their suppressive function. Constitutive expression of TL1A in transgenic mice was associated with small intestinal inflammation, which was accompanied by colonic fibrosis both spontaneously and under colitogenic conditions. Recent human studies demonstrated that soluble TL1A and DcR3 are present in the systemic circulation in patients with active IBD and decline after successful anti-inflammatory treatment. SUMMARY TL1A/DR3 interactions may participate in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and offer novel therapeutic targets for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- aAcademic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece bDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Hing TC, Ho S, Shih DQ, Ichikawa R, Cheng M, Chen J, Chen X, Law I, Najarian R, Kelly CP, Gallo RL, Targan SR, Pothoulakis C, Koon HW. The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin modulates Clostridium difficile-associated colitis and toxin A-mediated enteritis in mice. Gut 2013; 62:1295-305. [PMID: 22760006 PMCID: PMC3737259 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile mediates intestinal inflammation by releasing toxin A (TxA), a potent enterotoxin. Cathelicidins (Camp as gene name, LL-37 peptide in humans and mCRAMP peptide in mice) are antibacterial peptides that also posses anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of cathelicidins in models of Clostridium difficile infection and TxA-mediated ileal inflammation and cultured human primary monocytes. DESIGN Wild-type (WT) and mCRAMP-deficient (Camp(-/-)) mice were treated with an antibiotic mixture and infected orally with C difficile. Some mice were intracolonically given mCRAMP daily for 3 days. Ileal loops were also prepared in WT mice and treated with either saline or TxA and incubated for 4 h, while some TxA-treated loops were injected with mCRAMP. RESULTS Intracolonic mCRAMP administration to C difficile-infected WT mice showed significantly reduced colonic histology damage, apoptosis, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α levels. Ileal mCRAMP treatment also significantly reduced histology damage, tissue apoptosis, MPO and TNFα levels in TxA-exposed ileal loops. WT and Camp(-/-) mice exhibited similar intestinal responses in both models, implying that C difficile/TxA-induced endogenous cathelicidin may be insufficient to modulate C difficile/TxA-mediated intestinal inflammation. Both LL-37 and mCRAMP also significantly reduced TxA-induced TNFα secretion via inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation. Endogenous cathelicidin failed to control C difficile and/or toxin A-mediated inflammation and even intestinal cathelicidin expression was increased in humans and mice. CONCLUSION Exogenous cathelicidin modulates C difficile colitis by inhibiting TxA-associated intestinal inflammation. Cathelicidin administration may be a new anti-inflammatory treatment for C difficile toxin-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressia C Hing
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samantha Ho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Q Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Chen
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy Law
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Najarian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ciaran P Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, the University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephan R Targan
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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