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Cao J, Qing J, Zhu L, Chen Z. Role of TIM-1 in the development and treatment of tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1307806. [PMID: 38831760 PMCID: PMC11144867 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1307806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 1 (TIM-1, also known as hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1) is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed predominantly on the surface of T cells. TIM-1 promotes the activation and proliferation of T cells, cytokine secretion, and can also be overexpressed in various types of cancer. Upregulation of TIM-1 expression may be associated with the development and progression of cancer. After reviewing the literature, we propose that TIM-1 affects tumour development mainly through two pathways. In the Direct pathway: overexpression in tumours activates tumour-related signaling pathways, mediates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and directly affects tumour development directly. In the indirect pathway: In addition to changing the tumour microenvironment and influencing the growth of tumours, TIM-1 binds to ligands to encourage the activation, proliferation, and generation of cytokines by immune cells. This review examines how TIM-1 stimulates the development of tumours in direct and indirect ways, and how TIM-1 is exploited as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Cao
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jilin Qing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Graduate school, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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2
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Tim-1 mucin domain-mutant mice display exacerbated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 352:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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George J, Zhang Y, Sloan J, Sims JM, Imig JD, Zhao X. Tim-1 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747794. [PMID: 34675931 PMCID: PMC8523998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity and characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and liver inflammation. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (Tim-1), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr-1) and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), has been shown to affect innate immunity-driven proinflammatory cascade in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, its contribution to obesity-related NAFLD/NASH remains unknown. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the role of Tim-1 in obesity-related liver inflammation and injury in wild-type (WT) and Tim-1-deficient (Tim-1-/-) C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5-6 months. HFD feeding induced steatosis and upregulated Tim-1 gene expression in the liver of WT mice. Surprisingly, Tim-1-/- mice on HFD diet exhibited an exacerbation of hepatic steatosis, accompanied with an elevation of protein levels of fatty acid translocase CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Tim-1 deficiency also enhanced HFD-induced liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by augmented increase in hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory factor lipocalin 2 and elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT). In addition, gene expression of type I, III and IV collagens and liver fibrosis were greatly enhanced in HFD Tim-1-/- mice compared with HFD WT mice. HFD-induced hepatic expression of YM-1, a specific mouse M2 macrophage marker, was further upregulated by deletion of Tim-1. Together, these results show that Tim-1 deficiency aggravates the effects of HFD diet on lipid accumulation and liver fibrosis, most likely through enhanced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joya M Sims
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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4
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Miao KZ, Kim GY, Meara GK, Qin X, Feng H. Tipping the Scales With Zebrafish to Understand Adaptive Tumor Immunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660969. [PMID: 34095125 PMCID: PMC8173129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The future of improved immunotherapy against cancer depends on an in-depth understanding of the dynamic interactions between the immune system and tumors. Over the past two decades, the zebrafish has served as a valuable model system to provide fresh insights into both the development of the immune system and the etiologies of many different cancers. This well-established foundation of knowledge combined with the imaging and genetic capacities of the zebrafish provides a new frontier in cancer immunology research. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of the zebrafish immune system along with a side-by-side comparison of its human counterpart. We then introduce components of the adaptive immune system with a focus on their roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of teleosts. In addition, we summarize zebrafish models developed for the study of cancer and adaptive immunity along with other available tools and technology afforded by this experimental system. Finally, we discuss some recent research conducted using the zebrafish to investigate adaptive immune cell-tumor interactions. Without a doubt, the zebrafish will arise as one of the driving forces to help expand the knowledge of tumor immunity and facilitate the development of improved anti-cancer immunotherapy in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Z Miao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grace Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grace K Meara
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Liu Y, Xu HB. Genetic polymorphisms of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A at the promoter of TIM-1 gene contribute to the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in children. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23095. [PMID: 31800133 PMCID: PMC7083502 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A at the promoter of TIM-1 gene with the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. METHODS A total of 112 children with CAP were included as the case group. Another 120 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for the genotyping of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A in the promoter region of TIM-1. RESULTS rs9313422 G>C was related to the risk of CAP in children under codominant model, dominant model, recessive model, and allele model. Besides, the A allele of rs41297579 G>A could increase the risk of CAP in children. Besides, the haplotype GA (rs9313422-rs41297579) and GG reduced the risk of children CAP, while haplotype CA had an elevated risk. rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A polymorphisms were both associated with the severity of CAP in children, and the rs9313422 G>C was also related to the ICU admission rate. In addition, patients carried with the mutant homozygotes of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A showed higher levels of white blood cell (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) than the wild type and heterozygous genotypes carriers. CONCLUSION rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A polymorphisms in the promoter region of TIM-1 could increase the risk of CAP in children and showed a relation with inflammatory responses and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Neonatal Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou, China
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Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:153-177. [PMID: 31758534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses.
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Brunton B, Rogers K, Phillips EK, Brouillette RB, Bouls R, Butler NS, Maury W. TIM-1 serves as a receptor for Ebola virus in vivo, enhancing viremia and pathogenesis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006983. [PMID: 31242184 PMCID: PMC6615641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 (TIM-1) is a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor, mediating filovirus entry into cells through interactions with PS on virions. TIM-1 expression has been implicated in Ebola virus (EBOV) pathogenesis; however, it remains unclear whether this is due to TIM-1 serving as a filovirus receptor in vivo or, as others have suggested, TIM-1 induces a cytokine storm elicited by T cell/virion interactions. Here, we use a BSL2 model virus that expresses EBOV glycoprotein to demonstrate the importance of TIM-1 as a virus receptor late during in vivo infection. Methodology/Principal findings Infectious, GFP-expressing recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding either full length EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV GP/rVSV) or mucin domain deleted EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV GPΔO/rVSV) was used to assess the role of TIM-1 during in vivo infection. GFP-expressing rVSV encoding its native glycoprotein G (G/rVSV) served as a control. TIM-1-sufficient or TIM-1-deficient BALB/c interferon α/β receptor-/- mice were challenged with these viruses. While G/rVSV caused profound morbidity and mortality in both mouse strains, TIM-1-deficient mice had significantly better survival than TIM-1-expressing mice following EBOV GP/rVSV or EBOV GPΔO/rVSV challenge. EBOV GP/rVSV or EBOV GPΔO/rVSV in spleen of infected animals was high and unaffected by expression of TIM-1. However, infectious virus in serum, liver, kidney and adrenal gland was reduced late in infection in the TIM-1-deficient mice, suggesting that virus entry via this receptor contributes to virus load. Consistent with higher virus loads, proinflammatory chemokines trended higher in organs from infected TIM-1-sufficient mice compared to the TIM-1-deficient mice, but proinflammatory cytokines were more modestly affected. To assess the role of T cells in EBOV GP/rVSV pathogenesis, T cells were depleted in TIM-1-sufficient and -deficient mice and the mice were challenged with virus. Depletion of T cells did not alter the pathogenic consequences of virus infection. Conclusions Our studies provide evidence that at late times during EBOV GP/rVSV infection, TIM-1 increased virus load and associated mortality, consistent with an important role of this receptor in virus entry. This work suggests that inhibitors which block TIM-1/virus interaction may serve as effective antivirals, reducing virus load at late times during EBOV infection. T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 (TIM-1) is one of a number of phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors that mediate clearance of apoptotic bodies by binding PS on the surface of dead or dying cells. Enveloped viruses mimic apoptotic bodies by exposing PS on the outer leaflet of the viral membrane. While TIM-1 has been shown to serve as an adherence factor/receptor for filoviruses in tissue culture, limited studies have investigated the role of TIM-1 as a receptor in vivo. Here, we sought to determine if TIM-1 was critical for Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated infection using a BSL2 model virus. We demonstrate that loss of TIM-1 expression results in decreased virus load late during infection and significantly reduced virus-elicited mortality. These findings provide evidence that TIM-1 serves as an important receptor for Ebola virus in vivo. Blocking TIM-1/EBOV interactions may be effective antiviral strategy to reduce viral load and pathogenicity at late times of EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Brunton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kai Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth K. Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rachel B. Brouillette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ruayda Bouls
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Noah S. Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Tang YC, Li J, Huang SG. Tryptase and TIM-1 double-positive mast cells in different stages of human chronic periodontitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:462-471. [PMID: 31938132 PMCID: PMC6958040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions through the release of inflammatory mediators. T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain (TIM-1) has been reported to express in MCs. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and analyze the quantification of TIM-1 on tryptase-positive MCs in different stages of human chronic periodontitis using double-immunofluorescence staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals who participated in this study were divided into three groups: healthy control gingivae (n = 27), chronic slight periodontitis (n = 34), and chronic severe periodontitis (n = 31). Their gingival specimens were taken and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathology, and stained with double-immunofluorescence (DIF) for identification of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs in gingival tissues. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the densities (cells/mm2) of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs were significantly increased in both the chronic slight periodontitis (P < 0.05) and severe periodontitis groups (P < 0.01). However, compared with the chronic slight periodontitis group, both the score of gingival tissue inflammation and the density of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs in gingival tissue were significantly increased in the severe periodontitis groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: By incorporating HE with double-immunofluorescence staining in human chronic periodontitis, the significantly increased number of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs had the similar tendency as the severity of periodontitis inflammation. Based on our results, we suggest that tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs may play an important role in human chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chao Tang
- The Affiliated Huizhou Stomatologic Hospital of Jinan UniversityHuizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Stomotolgy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Guang Huang
- School of Stomotolgy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
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Association between the TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants and serum lipid levels, coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke risk and atorvastatin lipid-lowering efficacy. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171058. [PMID: 29208769 PMCID: PMC5773822 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the association of the TIMD4 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 4 gene)-HAVCR1 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) variants and lipid metabolism, the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS). The present study aimed to determine the TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants, their haplotypes and gene–environment interactions on serum lipid levels, the risk of CHD and IS, and the lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin in a southern Chinese Han population. Genotypes of three variants in 622 controls, 579 CHD, and 546 IS patients were determined by the Snapshot technology. Atorvastatin calcium tablet (20 mg/day) was given in 724 hyperlipidemic patients for 8 weeks after genotyping. The rs12522248 genotypic and allelic frequencies were different between controls and patients, and were associated with the risk of CHD and IS. The rs1501908G-rs12522248T-rs2036402T haplotype was associated with an increased risk of CHD; the G-C-T haplotype was associated with lower risk of CHD; and the C-C-C haplotype was associated with an increased risk of IS. Variants and their haplotypes in controls were associated with triglyceride (rs1501908), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, rs1501908, G-T-T), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, rs12522248, C-C-C) and the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C (C-C-C). Interactions of rs1501908- and rs2036402-alcohol (HDL-C); rs1501908- and rs12522248-high body mass index (hBMI, ≥24 kg/m2; TC); and TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants-atorvastatin on several lipid parameters were detected. Interactions of rs12522248TC/CC-hBMI, G-T-T-, and C-C-C-smoking on the risk of CHD; and C-C-C-smoking, C-C-C-, and G-C-T-hBMI on the risk of IS were also observed. These findings suggest that the TIMD4-HAVCR1 variants may be the genetic risk factors for CHD and IS.
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10
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Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) results from an exacerbated immunological response that is highlighted by a burst in the production of inflammatory mediators known as a "cytokine storm." Previous reports have suggested that nonspecific activation of T lymphocytes may play a central role in this phenomenon. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (Tim-1) has recently been shown to interact with virion-associated phosphatidylserine to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate the central role of Tim-1 in EBOV pathogenesis, as Tim-1-/- mice exhibited increased survival rates and reduced disease severity; surprisingly, only a limited decrease in viremia was detected. Tim-1-/- mice exhibited a modified inflammatory response as evidenced by changes in serum cytokines and activation of T helper subsets. A series of in vitro assays based on the Tim-1 expression profile on T cells demonstrated that despite the apparent absence of detectable viral replication in T lymphocytes, EBOV directly binds to isolated T lymphocytes in a phosphatidylserine-Tim-1-dependent manner. Exposure to EBOV resulted in the rapid development of a CD4Hi CD3Low population, non-antigen-specific activation, and cytokine production. Transcriptome and Western blot analysis of EBOV-stimulated CD4+ T cells confirmed the induction of the Tim-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, comparative analysis of transcriptome data and cytokine/chemokine analysis of supernatants highlight the similarities associated with EBOV-stimulated T cells and the onset of a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry revealed virtually exclusive binding and activation of central memory CD4+ T cells. These findings provide evidence for the role of Tim-1 in the induction of a cytokine storm phenomenon and the pathogenesis of EVD.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus infection is characterized by a massive release of inflammatory mediators, which has come to be known as a cytokine storm. The severity of the cytokine storm is consistently linked with fatal disease outcome. Previous findings have demonstrated that specific T-cell subsets are key contributors to the onset of a cytokine storm. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-1, a T-cell-receptor-independent trigger of T-cell activation. We first demonstrated that Tim-1-knockout (KO) mice survive lethal Ebola virus challenge. We then used a series of in vitro assays to demonstrate that Ebola virus directly binds primary T cells in a Tim-1-phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. We noted that binding induces a cytokine storm-like phenomenon and that blocking Tim-1-phosphatidylserine interactions reduces viral binding, T-cell activation, and cytokine production. These findings highlight a previously unknown role of Tim-1 in the development of a cytokine storm and "immune paralysis."
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11
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Younan P, Iampietro M, Nishida A, Ramanathan P, Santos RI, Dutta M, Lubaki NM, Koup RA, Katze MG, Bukreyev A. Ebola Virus Binding to Tim-1 on T Lymphocytes Induces a Cytokine Storm. mBio 2017. [PMID: 28951472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00845-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) results from an exacerbated immunological response that is highlighted by a burst in the production of inflammatory mediators known as a "cytokine storm." Previous reports have suggested that nonspecific activation of T lymphocytes may play a central role in this phenomenon. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (Tim-1) has recently been shown to interact with virion-associated phosphatidylserine to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate the central role of Tim-1 in EBOV pathogenesis, as Tim-1-/- mice exhibited increased survival rates and reduced disease severity; surprisingly, only a limited decrease in viremia was detected. Tim-1-/- mice exhibited a modified inflammatory response as evidenced by changes in serum cytokines and activation of T helper subsets. A series of in vitro assays based on the Tim-1 expression profile on T cells demonstrated that despite the apparent absence of detectable viral replication in T lymphocytes, EBOV directly binds to isolated T lymphocytes in a phosphatidylserine-Tim-1-dependent manner. Exposure to EBOV resulted in the rapid development of a CD4Hi CD3Low population, non-antigen-specific activation, and cytokine production. Transcriptome and Western blot analysis of EBOV-stimulated CD4+ T cells confirmed the induction of the Tim-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, comparative analysis of transcriptome data and cytokine/chemokine analysis of supernatants highlight the similarities associated with EBOV-stimulated T cells and the onset of a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry revealed virtually exclusive binding and activation of central memory CD4+ T cells. These findings provide evidence for the role of Tim-1 in the induction of a cytokine storm phenomenon and the pathogenesis of EVD.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus infection is characterized by a massive release of inflammatory mediators, which has come to be known as a cytokine storm. The severity of the cytokine storm is consistently linked with fatal disease outcome. Previous findings have demonstrated that specific T-cell subsets are key contributors to the onset of a cytokine storm. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-1, a T-cell-receptor-independent trigger of T-cell activation. We first demonstrated that Tim-1-knockout (KO) mice survive lethal Ebola virus challenge. We then used a series of in vitro assays to demonstrate that Ebola virus directly binds primary T cells in a Tim-1-phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. We noted that binding induces a cytokine storm-like phenomenon and that blocking Tim-1-phosphatidylserine interactions reduces viral binding, T-cell activation, and cytokine production. These findings highlight a previously unknown role of Tim-1 in the development of a cytokine storm and "immune paralysis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Younan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukta Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ndongala Michel Lubaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael G Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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12
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Zhang Q, Zeng LP, Zhou P, Irving AT, Li S, Shi ZL, Wang LF. IFNAR2-dependent gene expression profile induced by IFN-α in Pteropus alecto bat cells and impact of IFNAR2 knockout on virus infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182866. [PMID: 28793350 PMCID: PMC5549907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are important reservoirs of many viruses, which are capable of infecting the host without inducing obvious clinical diseases. Interferon and the downstream interferon regulated genes (IRGs) are known to act as the first line of defense against viral infections. Little is known about the transcriptional profile of genes being induced by interferon in bats and their role in controlling virus infection. In this study, we constructed IFNAR2 knockout bat cell lines using CRISPR technology and further characterized gene expression profiles induced by the most abundant IFN-α (IFN-α3). Firstly, we demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is applicable for bat cells as this represents the first CRIPSR knockout cell line for bats. Our results showed the pleiotropic effect of IFN-α3 on the bat kidney cell line, PaKiT03. As expected, we confirmed that IFNAR2 is indispensable for IFN-a signaling pathway and plays an important role in antiviral immunity. Unexpectedly, we also identified novel IFNAR2-dependent IRGs which are enriched in pathways related to cancer. To our knowledge, this seems to be bat-specific as no such observation has been reported for other mammalian species. This study expands our knowledge about bat immunology and the cell line established can provide a powerful tool for future study into virus-bat interaction and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei-Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron T. Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shang Li
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Foks AC, Kuiper J. Immune checkpoint proteins: exploring their therapeutic potential to regulate atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3940-3955. [PMID: 28369782 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides a large variety of immune checkpoint proteins, which involve both costimulatory and inhibitory proteins. Costimulatory proteins can promote cell survival, cell cycle progression and differentiation to effector and memory cells, whereas inhibitory proteins terminate these processes to halt ongoing inflammation. Immune checkpoint proteins play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of various immune and non-immune cells, such as T-cells, macrophages and platelets. Upon activation within the atherosclerotic lesions or in secondary lymphoid organs, these cells produce large amounts of pro-atherogenic cytokines that contribute to the growth and destabilization of lesions, which can result in rupture of the lesion causing acute coronary syndromes, such as a myocardial infarction. Given the presence and regulatory capacity of immune checkpoint proteins in the circulation and atherosclerotic lesions of cardiovascular patients, modulation of these proteins by, for example, the use of monoclonal antibodies, offers unique opportunities to regulate pro-inflammatory immune responses in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the latest advances on the role of immune checkpoint proteins, such as OX40-OX40L, CTLA-4 and TIM proteins, in atherosclerosis and discuss their therapeutic potential as promising immunotherapies to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Foks
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Schistosome-induced pulmonary B cells inhibit allergic airway inflammation and display a reduced Th2-driving function. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:545-554. [PMID: 28385494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic schistosome infections protect against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) via the induction of IL-10-producing splenic regulatory B (Breg) cells. Previous experiments have demonstrated that schistosome-induced pulmonary B cells can also reduce AAI, but act independently of IL-10. We have now further characterized the phenotype and inhibitory activity of these protective pulmonary B cells. We excluded a role for regulatory T (Treg) cell induction as putative AAI-protective mechanisms. Schistosome-induced B cells showed increased CD86 expression and reduced cytokine expression in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands compared with control B cells. To investigate the consequences for T cell activation we cultured ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed, schistosome-induced B cells with OVA-specific transgenic T cells and observed less Th2 cytokine expression and T cell proliferation compared with control conditions. This suppressive effect was preserved even under optimal T cell stimulation by anti-CD3/28. Blocking of the inhibitory cytokines IL-10 or TGF-β only marginally restored Th2 cytokine induction. These data suggest that schistosome-induced pulmonary B cells are impaired in their capacity to produce cytokines to TLR ligands and to induce Th2 cytokine responses independent of their antigen-presenting function. These findings underline the presence of distinct B cell subsets with different stimulatory or inhibitory properties even if induced by the same type of helminth.
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Yan W, Song Y, Zhou L, Jiang J, Yang F, Duan Q, Che L, Shen Y, Song H, Wang L. Immune Cell Repertoire and Their Mediators in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction or Stable Angina Pectoris. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:181-190. [PMID: 28260995 PMCID: PMC5332848 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the natural innate and adaptive immunity through gene expression and cytology levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina pectoris (SAP) and controls. Methods: 210 patients with AMI, 210 with SAP, and 250 clinical controls were recruited. Whole human genome microarray analysis was performed in 20 randomly chosen subjects per group were examined to detect the expressions of complement markers, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. The quantity of these cells and related cytokines as well as immunoglobulin levels were measured in all subjects. Results: In AMI group, the mRNA expressions of late complement component, markers of natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells and B cells were down-regulated, while those of early complement component and CD4+T cells were up-regulated (p<0.05). In both AMI and SAP patients, the quantity of natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, IgM and IgG were significantly lower than those of the controls. CD4+ T cells, CH50, C3, C4, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: In AMI patients, both of gene expressions related to complement, natural killer cells, CD3+, CD8+ T cells, B cells and the quantity of these immune cells decreased while cell number reduced in SAP patients. Immune function in both AMI and SAP patients decreased especially in AMI patients with declined gene and protein levels. To improve the immune system is a potential target for medical interventions and prevention in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanli Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Experimental Diagnosis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qianglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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16
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Immune Regulation and Antitumor Effect of TIM-1. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8605134. [PMID: 27413764 PMCID: PMC4931049 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8605134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity, and the T cell immunoglobulin domain and the mucin domain protein-1 (TIM-1) on its surface, as a costimulatory molecule, has a strong regulatory effect on T cells. TIM-1 can regulate and enhance type 1 immune response of tumor association. Therefore, TIM-1 costimulatory pathways may be a promising therapeutic target in future tumor immunotherapy. This review describes the immune regulation and antitumor effect of TIM-1.
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17
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Foks AC, Engelbertsen D, Kuperwaser F, Alberts-Grill N, Gonen A, Witztum JL, Lederer J, Jarolim P, DeKruyff RH, Freeman GJ, Lichtman AH. Blockade of Tim-1 and Tim-4 Enhances Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:456-65. [PMID: 26821944 PMCID: PMC4853762 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins are expressed by numerous immune cells, recognize phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and function as costimulators or coinhibitors. Tim-1 is expressed by activated T cells but is also found on dendritic cells and B cells. Tim-4, present on macrophages and dendritic cells, plays a critical role in apoptotic cell clearance, regulates the number of phosphatidylserine-expressing activated T cells, and is genetically associated with low low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Because these functions of Tim-1 and Tim-4 could affect atherosclerosis, their modulation has potential therapeutic value in cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS ldlr(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks while being treated with control (rat immunoglobulin G1) or anti-Tim-1 (3D10) or -Tim-4 (21H12) monoclonal antibodies that block phosphatidylserine recognition and phagocytosis. Both anti-Tim-1 and anti-Tim-4 treatments enhanced atherosclerosis by 45% compared with controls by impairment of efferocytosis and increasing aortic CD4(+)T cells. Consistently, anti-Tim-4-treated mice showed increased percentages of activated T cells and late apoptotic cells in the circulation. Moreover, in vitro blockade of Tim-4 inhibited efferocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptotic macrophages. Although anti-Tim-4 treatment increased T helper cell (Th)1 and Th2 responses, anti-Tim-1 induced Th2 responses but dramatically reduced the percentage of regulatory T cells. Finally, combined blockade of Tim-1 and Tim-4 increased atherosclerotic lesion size by 59%. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of Tim-4 aggravates atherosclerosis likely by prevention of phagocytosis of phosphatidylserine-expressing apoptotic cells and activated T cells by Tim-4-expressing cells, whereas Tim-1-associated effects on atherosclerosis are related to changes in Th1/Th2 balance and reduced circulating regulatory T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/toxicity
- Aortic Diseases/chemically induced
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Foks
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Felicia Kuperwaser
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Noah Alberts-Grill
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - James Lederer
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Petr Jarolim
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Rosemarie H DeKruyff
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.)
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- From the Department of Pathology (A.C.F., D.E., F.K., N.A.-G., P.J., A.H.L.) and Department of Surgery (J.L.), Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (A.G., J.L.W.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.H.D.); and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.J.F.).
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18
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Jing W, Gershan JA, Weber J, Tlomak D, McOlash L, Sabatos-Peyton C, Johnson BD. Combined immune checkpoint protein blockade and low dose whole body irradiation as immunotherapy for myeloma. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:2. [PMID: 25614821 PMCID: PMC4302511 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-014-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is characterized by the presence of transformed neoplastic plasma cells in the bone marrow and is generally considered to be an incurable disease. Successful treatments will likely require multi-faceted approaches incorporating conventional drug therapies, immunotherapy and other novel treatments. Our lab previously showed that a combination of transient lymphodepletion (sublethal whole body irradiation) and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade generated anti-myeloma T cell reactivity capable of eliminating established disease. We hypothesized that blocking a combination of checkpoint receptors in the context of low-dose, lymphodepleting whole body radiation would boost anti-tumor immunity. METHODS To test our central hypothesis, we utilized a 5T33 murine multiple myeloma model. Myeloma-bearing mice were treated with a low dose of whole body irradiation and combinations of blocking antibodies to PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, CD48 (the ligand for 2B4) and CTLA4. RESULTS Temporal phenotypic analysis of bone marrow from myeloma-bearing mice demonstrated that elevated percentages of PD-1, 2B4, LAG-3 and TIM-3 proteins were expressed on T cells. When PD-L1 blockade was combined with blocking antibodies to LAG-3, TIM-3 or CTLA4, synergistic or additive increases in survival were observed (survival rates improved from ~30% to >80%). The increased survival rates correlated with increased frequencies of tumor-reactive CD8 and CD4 T cells. When stimulated in vitro with myeloma cells, CD8 T cells from treated mice produced elevated levels proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines were spontaneously released from CD4 T cells isolated from mice treated with PD-L1 plus CTLA4 blocking antibodies. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in conjunction with other immune checkpoint proteins provides synergistic anti-tumor efficacy following lymphodepletive doses of whole body irradiation. This strategy is a promising combination strategy for myeloma and other hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Jing
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Jill A Gershan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - James Weber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Dominique Tlomak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Laura McOlash
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | | | - Bryon D Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
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19
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Sinha S, Singh J, Jindal SK. Protective association of TIM1-1454G>a polymorphism with asthma in a North Indian population. Lung 2014; 193:31-8. [PMID: 25331534 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TIM1 is a key regulator of Th2-dominated immune responses, including allergy, asthma, autoimmunity, and response to the pathogens. They are mainly expressed by hepatocytes and lymphoid cells. Analysis of the sequence of TIM1 was found to have range of SNPs which increases the transcriptional activity of the TIM1 gene. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with a total of 964 subjects, including 483 healthy controls and 481 asthma patients in the present study. DNA samples were extracted from blood, and genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that both heterozygous (GA) as well as the mutant (AA) genotype of -1454G>A (rs41297579) polymorphism shows resistance toward asthma with OR = 0.74, 95 % CI (0.55-0.98), p = 0.029 and OR = 0.43, 95 % CI (0.28-0.65), p = 0.000, respectively. The mutant (A) allele was also found to be highly protective toward asthma with OR = 0.68, 95 % CI (0.56-0.82) p = 0.000. However, no statistical difference was found between the TIM1-416G>C (rs9313422) polymorphism and asthma patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study conducted in India conferring -1454G>A polymorphism provides resistance toward asthma while lack of association was found between -416G>C polymorphism and asthma in the studied North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Zhang XM, Shan NN, Sun M, Wang X, Feng XM, Liu X, Li Y, Yuan D, Ding M. Imbalanced expression of human Tim-1 and Tim-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immune thrombocytopenia patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The interaction between T cells and APCs bearing cognate antigen results in the formation of an immunological synapse (IS). During this process, many receptors and signaling proteins segregate to regions proximal to the synapse. This protein movement is thought to influence T cell function. However, some proteins are transported away from the IS, which is controlled in part by ERM family proteins. Tim-1 is a transmembrane protein with co-stimulatory functions that is found on many immune cells, including T cells. However, the expression pattern of Tim-1 on T cells upon activation by APCs has not been explored. Interestingly, in this study we demonstrate that the majority of Tim-1 on activated T cells is excluded from the IS. Tim-1 predominantly resides outside of the IS, and structure/function studies indicate that the cytoplasmic tail influences Tim-1 polarization. Specifically, a putative ERM binding motif (KRK 244-246) in the Tim-1 cytoplasmic tail appears necessary for proper Tim-1 localization. Furthermore, mutation of the KRK motif results in enhanced early tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of TCR/CD28 stimulation upon ectopic expression of Tim-1. Paradoxically however, the KRK motif is necessary for Tim-1 co-stimulation of NFAT/AP-1 activation and co-stimulation of cytokine production. This work reveals unexpected complexity underlying Tim-1 localization and suggests potentially novel mechanisms by which Tim-1 modulates T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program and Graduate Program in Immunology, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA
| | - Leo Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA
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