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Zhang C, Liu X, Gu C, Su Y, Lv J, Liu Y, Gao Y, Chen H, Xu N, Xiao J, Xu Z, Su W. Histone deacetylases facilitate Th17-cell differentiation and pathogenicity in autoimmune uveitis via CDK6/ID2 axis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00313-8. [PMID: 39107200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a prevalent ocular autoimmune disease leading to significant visual impairment. However, underlying pathogenesis of AU required to develop more efficient therapy remain unclear. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AU patients and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Besides, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model was established and treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Belinostat or vehicle. We extracted immune cells from Blank, EAU, and HDACi-treated EAU mice and used scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, siRNA, specific inhibitors, and adoptive transfer experiments to explore the role of HDACs and its downstream potential molecular mechanisms in the immune response of EAU and AU. RESULTS We found highly expressed histone deacetylases (HDACs) family in AU patients and identified it as a key factor related to CD4+ effector T cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of AU. Our further studies showed that targeted inhibition of HDACs effectively alleviated EAU, restored its Th17/Treg balance, and reduced inflammatory gene expression, especially in CD4+ T cells. Post-HDACs inhibition, Treg proportions increased with enhanced immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, HDACs exhibited a positive promoting role on Th17 cells. Based on scRNA-seq screening and application of knock-down siRNAs and specific inhibitors in vitro and vivo, we identified CDK6 as a key downstream molecule regulated by HDAC1/3/6 through acetyl-histone H3/p53/p21 axis, which is involved in Th17 pathogenicity and EAU development. Additionally, HDACs-regulated CDK6 formed a positive loop with ID2, inducing PIM1 upregulation, promoting Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity, and correlates with AU progression. CONCLUSION Based on the screening of clinical samples and downstream molecular functional validation experiments, we revealed a driving role for HDACs and the HDACs-regulated CDK6/ID2 axis in Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity in AU, proposing a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Chenyang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuhan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yidan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Clinical Medicine (Eight-Year Program), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Wenru Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Zhang K, Yue J, Yin L, Chen J, Chen Y, Hu L, Shen J, Yu N, Gong Y, Liu Z. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed potential key genes and pathways underlying abdominal aortic aneurysm. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5423-5433. [PMID: 38022704 PMCID: PMC10665597 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent, asymptomatic segmental dilatation of the abdominal aorta, with a high mortality risk upon rupture. Identification of potential key genes and pathways may help to develop curative drugs for AAA. We conducted RNA-seq on abdominal aortic tissues from both AAA patients and normal individuals as a control group. Integrated bioinformatic analysis was subsequently performed to comprehensively reveal potential key genes and pathways. A total of 1148 differential expressed genes (DEGs) (631 up-regulated and 517 down-regulated) were identified in our study. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment in terms related to extracellular matrix organization, while KEGG analysis indicated enrichment in hematopoietic cell lineage and ECM-receptor interaction. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed several candidate key genes, and differential expression of 6 key genes (CXCL8, CCL2, PTGS2, SELL, CCR7, and CXCL1) was validated by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated these genes' high discriminatory ability between AAA and normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry indicated that several key genes were highly expressed in AAA tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed differential distribution patterns of these identified key genes among various cell types. 26 potential drugs linked to our key genes were found through DGIdb. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of potential key genes and pathways in AAA, which could pave the way for the development of curative pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jianing Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Lanting Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Naiji Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yunxia Gong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
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Qin M, Chen Q, Li N, Xu X, Wang C, Wang G, Xu Z. Shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of macrophages M1 polarization in calcified aortic valve disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1058274. [PMID: 36684607 PMCID: PMC9846331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1058274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CAVD is a common cardiovascular disease, but currently there is no drug treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to find new and effective drug therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has shown that the infiltration of M1 macrophages increased in the calcified aortic valve tissues, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of macrophages M1 polarization in CAVD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for new drugs of CAVD. Methods The mRNA datasets of CAVD and M1 polarization were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R language, String, and Cytoscape were used to analyze the functions and pathways of DEGs and feature genes. Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot were performed to verify the selected hub genes. Results CCR7 and GZMB were two genes appeared together in hub genes of M1-polarized and CAVD datasets that might be involved in the process of CAVD and macrophages M1 polarization. CCR7 and CD86 were significantly increased, while CD163 was significantly decreased in the calcified aortic valve tissues. The infiltration of M1 macrophages was increased, on the contrary, the infiltration of M2 macrophages was decreased in the calcified aortic valve tissues. Conclusion This study reveals the shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of CAVD and macrophages M1 polarization. The hub genes and pathways we found may provide new ideas for the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of M1 polarization during CAVD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People’s Liberation Army Navy Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Guokun Wang,
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyun Xu,
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M2c Macrophages Protect Mice from Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy by Upregulating CD62L in Tregs. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1153300. [PMID: 36262548 PMCID: PMC9576407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2c macrophages have been shown to exert potentially synergistic therapeutic effects in animals with adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AN), a model chronic proteinuric renal disease. M2c macrophages may protect against renal injury by promoting an increase in the number of Tregs in the renal draining lymph nodes of AN mice, but how they do so is unclear. In this study, we used an AN mouse model to analyze how M2c macrophages induce the migration of Tregs. Using flow cytometry, we found that M2c macrophages promoted the migration of Tregs from the peripheral blood to the spleen, thymus, kidney, and renal draining lymph nodes. At the same time, M2c macrophages significantly upregulated chemokine receptors and adhesion molecule in Tregs, including CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR5, and CD62L. Treating AN mice with monoclonal anti-CD62L antibody inhibited the migration of M2c macrophages and Tregs to the spleen, thymus, kidney, and renal draining lymph nodes. Taken together, our results suggest that M2c macrophages upregulate CD62L in Tregs and thereby promote their migration to inflammatory sites, where they exert renoprotective effects. These insights may aid the development of treatments against chronic kidney disease.
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Thomas H, McCloskey E, Rider V. Pregnancy preparation: redistribution of CCR7-positive cells in the rat uterus. Reproduction 2022; 164:183-193. [PMID: 35960551 PMCID: PMC10531295 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Changes in the endometrium prior to implantation may be critical in predicting pregnancy outcomes. This study shows that the endocrine system directs positional changes in CCR7+ cells before implantation, which may be critical for developing maternal tolerance. Abstract Suppression of the maternal immune system is vital for the implantation of the semi-allogeneic embryo. Although progress in understanding the dialogue between mother and embryo has been made, key interactions between maternal immune cells, hormones, and chemokines remain elusive. Uterine expression of the C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) could recruit T regulatory cells and facilitate localized immune suppression. To test this concept, Ccr7 mRNA and protein were assessed in uterine tissue. Ccr7 mRNA expression peaked at day 4 in pregnant rat uteri and then declined at days 5 and 6. CCR7 protein showed similar quantitative changes. To test if female sex steroids affected the spatial distribution of CCR7-expressing cells, uteri from ovariectomized rats, progesterone-pretreated rats (2 mg daily), and progesterone-pretreated rats injected with estradiol (0.2 µg) were analyzed. Progesterone increased CCR7-positive (+) cells in the antimesometrial stroma. Progesterone and estradiol increased CCR7+ cells in the mesometrial stroma. Estradiol increased the density of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) positive cells in the mesometrial stromal region over progesterone alone. The density of cells expressing the T regulatory cell marker, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), increased in the antimesometrial stroma in response to progesterone alone. Progesterone and estradiol increased FOXP3+ cells in the antimesometrial region of the stroma. Co-localization of CCR7, CD4, and FOXP3 in the stroma suggests CCR7+ cells are T regulatory cells. Polarization of CCR7+ cells in the endometrial stroma was an intrinsic response regulated by sex steroids and did not require the presence of an embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thomas
- 1Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| | - Erick McCloskey
- 1Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| | - Virginia Rider
- 1Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
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Zhou WH, Wang Y, Yan C, Du WD, Al-Aroomi MA, Zheng L, Lin SF, Gao JX, Jiang S, Wang ZX, Sun CF, Liu FY. CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes macrophage recruitment and induces M2-polarization through CC chemokine ligand 19&21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 35904690 PMCID: PMC9338204 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the impact of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) on the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We analyzed CCR7 expression pattern, clinicopathological significance, and its association with M2 macrophage infiltration in OSCC by bioinformatic methods. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was utilized to silence CCR7 in OSCC cells. Conditioned media (CM) was harvested from transfected OSCC cells to establish a co-culture model of THP-1 derived macrophages and OSCC cells. Transwell assay and cell adhesion assay were performed to examine the effect of CCR7 on macrophages recruitment and adhesion. Cytoskeleton was labelled by phalloidin to observe macrophage morphological changes. Moreover, phenotypic alteration of macrophages was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Ultimately, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 were added into the medium of THP-1 derived macrophages to explore their effects on polarization in vitro. RESULTS In OSCC patients, the overexpression of CCR7 positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and M2 macrophage infiltration. Macrophage not only exhibited enhanced migration, invasion and adhesion abilities, but also appeared more spindle and branched in vitro when treated with CM from OSCC cells. However, these phenomena were abrogated with knockdown of CCR7. We also discovered that inhibition of CCR7 in OSCC cells suppressed TAMs polarization to an M2 phenotype. In addition, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 promoted macrophage M2-polarization in vitro. CONCLUSION CCR7 in OSCC cells promoted recruitment and M2-polarization of THP-1 derived macrophages in vitro by regulating production of CCL19 and CCL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Feng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Xing Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeng-Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang-Fu Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Fa-Yu Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Hu H, Tang N, Zhang F, Li L, Li L. Bioinformatics and System Biology Approach to Identify the Influences of COVID-19 on Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860676. [PMID: 35464423 PMCID: PMC9021444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has led to a rapid increase in mortality worldwide. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was a high-risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and CVOID-19 are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and identify potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and RA using bioinformatics and a systems biology approach. Methods Two Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) sets extracted from GSE171110 and GSE1775544 datasets were intersected to generate common DEGs, which were used for functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate drugs analysis. Results A total of 103 common DEGs were identified in the two datasets between RA and COVID-19. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed using various combinatorial statistical methods and bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, hub genes and essential modules were identified from the PPI network. In addition, we performed functional analysis and pathway analysis under ontological conditions and found that there was common association between RA and progression of COVID-19 infection. Finally, transcription factor-gene interactions, protein-drug interactions, and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory networks with common DEGs were also identified in the datasets. Conclusion We successfully identified the top 10 hub genes that could serve as novel targeted therapy for COVID-19 and screened out some potential drugs useful for COVID-19 patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Krause N, Mengwasser J, Phithak E, Beato F, Appis M, Milford EL, Pratschke J, Sauer I, Kuehl A, Vogel A, Goodyear M, Hammerich L, Tacke F, Haas JF, Müller T, Utku N. Immune Regulatory 1 Cells: A Novel and Potent Subset of Human T Regulatory Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790775. [PMID: 35222353 PMCID: PMC8867398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of T regulatory cells (Tregs), identified by TIRC7 (T cell immune response cDNA 7) expression is designated as Immune Regulatory 1 Cells (IR1 cells). TIRC7 is an immune checkpoint inhibitor, co-localized with the T- cell receptor, HLA-DR and CTLA-4 during T-cell activation, which delivers regulatory signals via binding to its ligand, HLA-DR α2 domain. IR1 cells express FOXP3, and multiple other markers associated with immune suppression. They constitute as much as 10% of Tregs. IR1 cells strongly inhibit proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions, where they express high levels of IL-10. Ex vivo expansion of Tregs over 2 weeks in the presence of an agonist TIRC7 antibody disproportionately expands the IR1 Treg subset, while maintaining high expression of suppressive markers including CD39, IL-10, LAP and GARP. Ex vivo expanded IR1 cells are a potent, homogeneous, stable set of suppressor Tregs with the potential to modulate immune dysregulation. The characteristics of IR1 cells suggest a therapeutic advantage over polyclonal Tregs for therapeutic interventions. Early restoration of immune homeostasis using IR1 cells has the potential to fundamentally alter the natural history of conditions characterized by abnormalities in the T regulatory cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Krause
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Mengwasser
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elpida Phithak
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisca Beato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Marc Appis
- Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Louis Milford
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johan Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kuehl
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Goodyear
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Faith Haas
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nalan Utku
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Sachs Incubator for Translational Medicine, Sächsische Inkubator für Klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Proj M, De Jonghe S, Van Loy T, Jukič M, Meden A, Ciber L, Podlipnik Č, Grošelj U, Konc J, Schols D, Gobec S. A Set of Experimentally Validated Decoys for the Human CC Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7) Obtained by Virtual Screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855653. [PMID: 35370691 PMCID: PMC8972196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a state-of-the-art virtual screening workflow aiming at the identification of novel CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) antagonists. Although CCR7 is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as immunological disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, this target is underexplored in drug discovery and there are no potent and selective CCR7 small molecule antagonists available today. Therefore, computer-aided ligand-based, structure-based, and joint virtual screening campaigns were performed. Hits from these virtual screenings were tested in a CCL19-induced calcium signaling assay. After careful evaluation, none of the in silico hits were confirmed to have an antagonistic effect on CCR7. Hence, we report here a valuable set of 287 inactive compounds that can be used as experimentally validated decoys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Proj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Anže Meden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Ciber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Konc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Shokati Eshkiki Z, Khayer N, Talebi A, Karbalaei R, Akbari A. Novel insight into pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathogenesis using liquid association analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35180880 PMCID: PMC8855560 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. High-throughput disease-related-gene expression data provide valuable information on gene interaction, which consequently lead to deeper insight about pathogenesis. The co-expression analysis is a common approach that is used to investigate gene interaction. However, such an approach solely is inadequate to reveal the complexity of the gene interaction. The three-way interaction model is known as a novel approach applied to decode the complex relationship between genes. METHODS In the current study, the liquid association method was used to capture the statistically significant triplets involved in the PDAC pathogenesis. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and gene regulatory network analyses were performed to trace the biological relevance of the statistically significant triplets. RESULTS The results of the current study suggest that "response to estradiol" and "Regulation of T-cell proliferation" are two critical biological processes that may be associated with the PDAC pathogenesis. Additionally, we introduced six switch genes, namely Lamc2, Klk1, Nqo1, Aox1, Tspan1, and Cxcl12, which might be involved in PDAC triggering. CONCLUSION In the current study, for the first time, the critical genes and pathways involved in the PDAC pathogenesis were investigated using the three-way interaction approach. As a result, two critical biological processes, as well as six potential biomarkers, were suggested that might be involved in the PDAC triggering. Surprisingly, strong evidence for the biological relevance of our results can be found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Cassidy MF, Herbert ZT, Moulton VR. Splicing factor SRSF1 controls distinct molecular programs in regulatory and effector T cells implicated in systemic autoimmune disease. Mol Immunol 2022; 141:94-103. [PMID: 34839165 PMCID: PMC10797198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by hyperactive effector T cells (Teffs), aberrant cytokines and chemokines, and dysfunctional regulatory T cells (Tregs). We previously uncovered new roles for serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) in the control of genes involved in T cell signaling and cytokine production in human T cells. SRSF1 levels are decreased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and low levels correlate with severe disease. Moreover, T cell-conditional Srsf1-deficient mice recapitulate the autoimmune phenotype, exhibiting CD4 T cell hyperactivity, dysfunctional Tregs, systemic autoimmunity, and tissue inflammation. However, the role of SRSF1 in controlling molecular programs in Teffs and Tregs and how these pathways are implicated in autoimmunity is not known. Here, by comparative bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrate that SRSF1 controls largely distinct gene programs in Tregs and Teffs in vivo. SRSF1 regulates 189 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) unique to Tregs, 582 DEGs unique to Teffs, and 29 DEGs shared between both. Shared genes included IL-17A, IL-17F, CSF1, CXCL10, and CXCR4, and were highly enriched for inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. SRSF1 controls distinct pathways in Tregs, which include chemokine signaling and immune cell differentiation, compared with pathways in Teffs, which include cytokine production, T cell homeostasis, and activation. We identified putative mRNA binding targets of SRSF1 which include CSF1, CXCL10, and IL-17F. Finally, comparisons with transcriptomics profiles from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice reveal that SRSF1 controls genes and pathways implicated in autoimmune disease. The target genes of SRSF1 and putative binding targets we discovered, have known roles in systemic autoimmunity. Our findings suggest that SRSF1 controls distinct molecular pathways in Tregs and Teffs and aberrant SRSF1 levels may contribute to their dysfunction and immunopathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Cassidy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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12
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Terrón F, Herling M. CCR7 in Blood Cancers - Review of Its Pathophysiological Roles and the Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736758. [PMID: 34778050 PMCID: PMC8589249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical paradigm, CCR7 is a homing chemokine receptor that grants normal lymphocytes access to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen. As such, in most lymphoproliferative disorders, CCR7 expression correlates with nodal or spleen involvement. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that CCR7 is more than a facilitator of lymphatic spread of tumor cells. Here, we review published data to catalogue CCR7 expression across blood cancers and appraise which classical and novel roles are attributed to this receptor in the pathogenesis of specific hematologic neoplasms. We outline why novel therapeutic strategies targeting CCR7 might provide clinical benefits to patients with CCR7-positive hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Terrón
- Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Ren H, Cao K, Wang M. A Correlation Between Differentiation Phenotypes of Infused T Cells and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745109. [PMID: 34603332 PMCID: PMC8479103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell therapy, usually with ex-vivo expansion, is very promising to treat cancer. Differentiation status of infused T cells is a crucial parameter for their persistence and antitumor immunity. Key phenotypic molecules are effective and efficient to analyze differentiation status. Differentiation status is crucial for T cell exhaustion, in-vivo lifespan, antitumor immunity, and even antitumor pharmacological interventions. Strategies including cytokines, Akt, Wnt and Notch signaling, epigenetics, and metabolites have been developed to produce less differentiated T cells. Clinical trials have shown better clinical outcomes from infusion of T cells with less differentiated phenotypes. CD27+, CCR7+ and CD62L+ have been the most clinically relevant phenotypic molecules, while Tscm and Tcm the most clinically relevant subtypes. Currently, CD27+, CD62L+ and CCR7+ are recommended in the differentiation phenotype to evaluate strategies of enhancing stemness. Future studies may discover highly clinically relevant differentiation phenotypes for specific T-cell production methods or specific subtypes of cancer patients, with the advantages of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunkun Cao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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14
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The Antimicrobial Peptide, Bactenecin 5, Supports Cell-Mediated but Not Humoral Immunity in the Context of a Mycobacterial Antigen Vaccine Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120926. [PMID: 33352656 PMCID: PMC7766334 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bactenecin (Bac) 5 is a bovine antimicrobial peptide (AMP) capable of killing some species of bacteria through the inhibition of protein synthesis. Bac5 and other AMPs have also been shown to have chemotactic properties and can induce inflammatory cytokine expression by innate immune cells. Recently, AMPs have begun to be investigated for their potential use as novel vaccine adjuvants. In the current work, we characterise the functionality of Bac5 in vitro using murine macrophage-like cells, ex vivo using human tonsil tissue and in vivo using a murine model of vaccination. We report the effects of the peptide in isolation and in the context of co-presentation with mycobacterial antigen and whole, inert Bacillus subtilis spore antigens. We find that Bac5 can trigger the release of nitric oxide from murine macrophages and upregulate surface marker expression including CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II, in the absence of additional agonists. When coupled with mycobacterial Ag85 and B. subtilis spores, Bac5 also enhanced IFNγ secretion. We provide evidence that B. subtilis spores, but not the Bac5 peptide, act as strong adjuvants in promoting antigen-specific immunoglobulin production in Ag85B-vaccinated mice. Our findings suggest that Bac5 is an important regulator of the early cell-mediated host immune response.
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15
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Boroughs AC, Larson RC, Marjanovic ND, Gosik K, Castano AP, Porter CBM, Lorrey SJ, Ashenberg O, Jerby L, Hofree M, Smith-Rosario G, Morris R, Gould J, Riley LS, Berger TR, Riesenfeld SJ, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Choi BD, Regev A, Maus MV. A Distinct Transcriptional Program in Human CAR T Cells Bearing the 4-1BB Signaling Domain Revealed by scRNA-Seq. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2577-2592. [PMID: 32755564 PMCID: PMC7704462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have produced impressive outcomes for the treatment of B cell malignancies, but different products vary in kinetics, persistence, and toxicity profiles based on the co-stimulatory domains included in the CAR. In this study, we performed transcriptional profiling of bulk CAR T cell populations and single cells to characterize the transcriptional states of human T cells transduced with CD3ζ, 4-1BB-CD3ζ (BBζ), or CD28-CD3ζ (28ζ) co-stimulatory domains at rest and after activation by triggering their CAR or their endogenous T cell receptor (TCR). We identified a transcriptional signature common across CARs with the CD3ζ signaling domain, as well as a distinct program associated with the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain at rest and after activation. CAR T cells bearing BBζ had increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, ENPP2, and interleukin (IL)-21 axis genes, and decreased PD1 compared to 28ζ CAR T cells. Similar to previous studies, we also found BBζ CAR CD8 T cells to be enriched in a central memory cell phenotype and fatty acid metabolism genes. Our data uncovered transcriptional signatures related to costimulatory domains and demonstrated that signaling domains included in CARs uniquely shape the transcriptional programs of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Boroughs
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nemanja D Marjanovic
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirk Gosik
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ana P Castano
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Selena J Lorrey
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Livnat Jerby
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert Morris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren S Riley
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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16
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Napier RJ, Lee EJ, Davey MP, Vance EE, Furtado JM, Snow PE, Samson KA, Lashley SJ, Brown BR, Horai R, Mattapallil MJ, Xu B, Callegan MC, Uebelhoer LS, Lancioni CL, Vehe RK, Binstadt BA, Smith JR, Caspi RR, Rosenzweig HL. T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5406. [PMID: 33106495 PMCID: PMC7589501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) cause Blau syndrome, an inflammatory disorder characterized by uveitis. The antimicrobial functions of Nod2 are well-established, yet the cellular mechanisms by which dysregulated Nod2 causes uveitis remain unknown. Here, we report a non-conventional, T cell-intrinsic function for Nod2 in suppression of Th17 immunity and experimental uveitis. Reconstitution of lymphopenic hosts with Nod2-/- CD4+ T cells or retina-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells lacking Nod2 reveals a T cell-autonomous, Rip2-independent mechanism for Nod2 in uveitis. In naive animals, Nod2 operates downstream of TCR ligation to suppress activation of memory CD4+ T cells that associate with an autoreactive-like profile involving IL-17 and Ccr7. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from two Blau syndrome patients show elevated IL-17 and increased CCR7. Our data define Nod2 as a T cell-intrinsic rheostat of Th17 immunity, and open new avenues for T cell-based therapies for Nod2-associated disorders such as Blau syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ellen J Lee
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael P Davey
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Emily E Vance
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - João M Furtado
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paige E Snow
- Department of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Sydney J Lashley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Biying Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean A. McGee Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Richard K Vehe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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17
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Meydan C, Madrer N, Soreq H. The Neat Dance of COVID-19: NEAT1, DANCR, and Co-Modulated Cholinergic RNAs Link to Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590870. [PMID: 33163005 PMCID: PMC7581732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exerts inflammation-related parasympathetic complications and post-infection manifestations with major inter-individual variability. To seek the corresponding transcriptomic origins for the impact of COVID-19 infection and its aftermath consequences, we sought the relevance of long and short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) for susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We selected inflammation-prone men and women of diverse ages among the cohort of Genome Tissue expression (GTEx) by mining RNA-seq datasets from their lung, and blood tissues, followed by quantitative qRT-PCR, bioinformatics-based network analyses and thorough statistics compared to brain cell culture and infection tests with COVID-19 and H1N1 viruses. In lung tissues from 57 inflammation-prone, but not other GTEx donors, we discovered sharp declines of the lung pathology-associated ncRNA DANCR and the nuclear paraspeckles forming neuroprotective ncRNA NEAT1. Accompanying increases in the acetylcholine-regulating transcripts capable of controlling inflammation co-appeared in SARS-CoV-2 infected but not H1N1 influenza infected lung cells. The lung cells-characteristic DANCR and NEAT1 association with inflammation-controlling transcripts could not be observed in blood cells, weakened with age and presented sex-dependent links in GTEx lung RNA-seq dataset. Supporting active involvement in the inflammatory risks accompanying COVID-19, DANCR's decline associated with decrease of the COVID-19-related cellular transcript ACE2 and with sex-related increases in coding transcripts potentiating acetylcholine signaling. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) in lung, brain and cultured infected cells created networks with the candidate transcripts, indicating tissue-specific expression patterns. Supporting links of post-infection inflammatory and cognitive damages with cholinergic mal-functioning, man and woman-originated cultured cholinergic neurons presented differentiation-related increases of DANCR and NEAT1 targeting microRNAs. Briefly, changes in ncRNAs and TFs from inflammation-prone human lung tissues, SARS-CoV-2-infected lung cells and man and woman-derived differentiated cholinergic neurons reflected the inflammatory pathobiology related to COVID-19. By shifting ncRNA differences into comparative diagnostic and therapeutic profiles, our RNA-sequencing based Resource can identify ncRNA regulating candidates for COVID-19 and its associated immediate and predicted long-term inflammation and neurological complications, and sex-related therapeutics thereof. Our findings encourage diagnostics of involved tissue, and further investigation of NEAT1-inducing statins and anti-cholinergic medications in the COVID-19 context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Meydan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central District, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lilly Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lilly Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Huber JE, Chang Y, Meinl I, Kümpfel T, Meinl E, Baumjohann D. Fingolimod Profoundly Reduces Frequencies and Alters Subset Composition of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1101-1110. [PMID: 32034063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It is well established that fingolimod, a modulator of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway, restrains the egress of CCR7+ lymphocytes from lymphatic tissues into the blood, thus resulting in reduced lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood. CXCR5+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide help to B cells, are essential for the generation of potent Ab responses, and have been shown to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Besides lymphoid tissue-resident Tfh cells, CXCR5+ circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells have been described in the blood, their numbers correlating with the magnitude of Tfh cells in lymphoid tissues. Although the effect of fingolimod on circulating lymphocyte subsets has been established, its effect on cTfh cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that although fingolimod strongly and disproportionally reduced cTfh cell frequencies, frequencies of activated cTfh cells were increased, and the composition of the cTfh cell pool was skewed toward a cTfh1 cell phenotype. The circulating T follicular regulatory cell subset and CXCR5+ CD8+ T cell frequencies were also strongly and disproportionally decreased after fingolimod treatment. In contrast, relative frequencies of CXCR5- memory Th cells as well as regulatory T and B cells were increased. In summary, these data provide new insights into fingolimod-induced compositional changes of lymphocyte populations in the blood, in particular cTfh cells, and thus contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; and
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; and
| | - Ingrid Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; and
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19
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Chen L, Bai J, Li Y. The Change of Interleukin-6 Level-Related Genes and Pathways Induced by Exercise in Sedentary Individuals. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:236-244. [PMID: 32401165 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior increases the risk of many chronic disorders, in addition, these chronic diseases are associated with elevated markers interleukin-6 (IL-6). Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity can prevent chronic inflammatory disease. However, the effect of exercise on sedentary individuals with disparate basal serum IL-6 level was not well elucidated. In this study, the gene expression profile of GES12384 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This data set contained 12 sedentary middle-aged men (6 high IL-6 and 6 low IL-6 level), and their blood samples were taken in the pre-exercise period and at the end of 24 weeks of exercise. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 24 weeks group were identified, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factors (TFs)-DEGs network were constructed. A total of 193 DEGs were identified between high and low IL-6 level in the 24 weeks group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in African trypanosomiasis pathway. PPI network revealed that the hub genes included C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), and interferon gamma (IFNG). Subnetworks analysis indicated that these genes were relevant to immune response, and participated in African trypanosomiasis pathway. The TF targets network found that myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) was a key regulatory factor. In conclusion, the inflammation-related genes (CCR7, HBD, and IFNG) in sedentary individuals could be affected by exercise, and the identified DEGs and TFs in this study promoted our understanding of exercise inhibited the development of chronic disease. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Office of Academic Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B as a mechanism of Danshensu during Toll-like receptor 2-triggered inflammation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106419. [PMID: 32200153 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Danshensu (DSS) is a water-soluble phenolic compound in Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma). Although various pharmacological activities have been recognized, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory effect and related molecular mode of action. In the current study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were activated by a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3CSK4 with or without DSS intervention. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was detected by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Activation of signaling pathways involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was assessed by Western blot. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) combined with bioinformatics analyses was applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DSS. Emphasis was placed on the construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis of data including co-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Pam3CSK4 vs. control and DSS vs. Pam3CSK4 groups. The RT-qPCR and ELISA results showed that DSS effectively inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and IL-12, indicating a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Western blot verified that DSS suppressed the phosphorylation of p65, which was in accordance with the results of the TF enrichment analysis. Additionally, the PPI network analysis showed several key molecules, including lactoferrin (Ltf), CC-chemokine receptor 7 (Ccr7), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (Cxcl9), to be regulatory genes that responded to DSS treatment. Overall, our study revealed that DSS has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect involving TLR2 and macrophages through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which supports the novel application of DSS in the treatment of relevant diseases including atherosclerosis and ischemic or ischemic/perfusion injury of the heart and brain.
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21
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Portero-Sainz I, García-Peydró M, Alcain J, Fuentes P, Juárez-Sánchez R, Pérez-García Y, Mateu-Albero T, Díaz-Fernández P, Vega-Piris L, Sánchez-López BA, Marcos-Jiménez A, Cardeñoso L, Gómez-García de Soria V, Toribio ML, Muñoz-Calleja C. Evaluation of therapeutic targeting of CCR7 in acute graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:1935-1945. [PMID: 32086495 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the main complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We previously unveiled a correlation between proportions of C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)+ T cells in the apheresis and the risk of developing GVHD. We wanted to evaluate in vivo whether apheresis with low proportion of CCR7+ cells or treatment with an anti-human CCR7 monoclonal antibody (mAb) were suitable strategies to prevent or treat acute GVHD in preclinical xenogeneic models. Therapeutic anti-CCR7 mAb was the most effective strategy in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings where antibody drastically reduced in vivo lymphoid organ infiltration of donor CCR7+ T cells, extended lifespan and solved clinical signs. The antibody neutralized in vitro migration of naïve and central memory T cells toward CCR7 ligands and depleted target CCR7+ subsets through complement activation. Both mechanisms of action spared CCR7- subsets, including effector memory and effector memory CD45RA+ T cells which may mediate graft versus leukemia effect and immunity against infections. Accordingly, the numbers of donor CCR7+ T cells in the apheresis were not associated to cytomegalovirus reactivation or the recurrence of the underlying disease. These findings provide a promising new strategy to prevent and treat acute GVHD, a condition where new specific, safety and effective treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products S.L. (IMMED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itxaso Portero-Sainz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Alcain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Juárez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products S.L. (IMMED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-García
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Mateu-Albero
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Díaz-Fernández
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Vega-Piris
- Methodology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca A Sánchez-López
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cardeñoso
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Gómez-García de Soria
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Gaffal E, Kemter AM, Scheu S, Leite Dantas R, Vogt J, Baune B, Tüting T, Zimmer A, Alferink J. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Modulates Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Their Capacity to Induce Hapten-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020475. [PMID: 31940843 PMCID: PMC7013892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an established animal model for allergic contact dermatitis. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the sensitization phase of CHS by initiating T cell responses to topically applied haptens. The cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) modulate DC functions and inflammatory skin responses, but their influence on the capacity of haptenized DCs to induce CHS is still unknown. We found lower CHS responses to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) in wild type (WT) mice after adoptive transfer of haptenized Cnr2-/- and Cnr1-/-/Cnr2-/- bone marrow (BM) DCs as compared to transfer of WT DCs. In contrast, induction of CHS was not affected in WT recipients after transfer of Cnr1-/- DCs. In vitro stimulated Cnr2-/- DCs showed lower CCR7 and CXCR4 expression when compared to WT cells, while in vitro migration towards the chemokine ligands was not affected by CB2. Upregulation of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules was also reduced in Cnr2-/- DCs. This study demonstrates that CB2 modulates the maturation phenotype of DCs but not their chemotactic capacities in vitro. These findings and the fact that CHS responses mediated by Cnr2-/- DCs are reduced suggest that CB2 is a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dinitrofluorobenzene/toxicity
- Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/genetics
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gaffal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Andrea M. Kemter
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.M.K.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Jens Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.M.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence:
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23
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Colom-Fernández B, Kreutzman A, Marcos-Jiménez A, García-Gutiérrez V, Cuesta-Mateos C, Portero-Sainz I, Pérez-García Y, Casado LF, Sánchez-Guijo F, Martínez-López J, Ayala RM, Boqué C, Xicoy B, Montero I, Soto C, Paz R, Silva G, Vega-Piris L, Steegmann JL, Muñoz-Calleja C. Immediate Effects of Dasatinib on the Migration and Redistribution of Naïve and Memory Lymphocytes Associated With Lymphocytosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1340. [PMID: 31824308 PMCID: PMC6886582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dasatinib is a dual SRC/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that is known to have unique immunomodulatory effects. In particular, dasatinib intake typically causes lymphocytosis, which has been linked to better clinical response. Since the underlying mechanisms are unknown and SRC family kinases are involved in many cell motility processes, we hypothesized that the movement and migration of lymphocytes is modulated by dasatinib. Patients, Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples from CML patients treated with second-line dasatinib were collected before and 2 h after the first dasatinib intake, and follow-up samples from the same patients 3 and 6 months after the start of therapy. The migratory capacity and phenotype of lymphocytes and differential blood counts before and after drug intake were compared for all study time-points. Results: We report here for the first time that dasatinib intake is associated with inhibition of peripheral blood T-cell migration toward the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which control the trafficking toward secondary lymphoid organs, mainly the lymph nodes. Accordingly, the proportion of lymphocytes in blood expressing CCR7, the chemokine receptor for both CCL19 and CCL21, decreased after the intake including both naïve CD45RA+ and central memory CD45RO+ T-cells. Similarly, naïve B-cells diminished with dasatinib. Finally, such changes in the migratory patterns did not occur in those patients whose lymphocyte counts remained unchanged after taking the drug. Discussion: We, therefore, conclude that lymphocytosis induced by dasatinib reflects a pronounced redistribution of naïve and memory populations of all lymphocyte subsets including CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Colom-Fernández
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Kreutzman
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jiménez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itxaso Portero-Sainz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-García
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Felipe Casado
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ayala
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Boqué
- Servicio de Hematología Clínica, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Xicoy
- Servicio de Hematología, Servicio de Hematología Clínica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Montero
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - César Soto
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Povisa, Vigo, Spain
| | - Raquel Paz
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Vega-Piris
- Unidad de Metodología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Steegmann
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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24
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de Souza RDP, Araújo MI, Lopes DM, de Almeida TVVS, Page B, Oliveira RR, Carvalho EM, Cardoso LS. Characterization of memory T cells in individuals resistant to Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12671. [PMID: 31532832 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects about 240 million people worldwide and is estimated that about 700 million people live in areas at risk of infection. In the context of immune response associated with infection by Schistosoma mansoni, the role of memory T cells is not well understood. AIM To evaluate the frequency of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from individuals resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni infection. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected individuals with low (resistant) and high (susceptible) parasite burden using databases generated during previous studies carried out in the same endemic area. The cell surface markers were performed using flow cytometry. In this study, the resistant individuals showed an increase in the CD4+ memory T-cell pool associated with an increase in the central memory cell (TCM) and a decrease in the effector memory cell (TEM ). Individuals susceptible to infection had higher frequencies of effector memory cells compared to resistant individuals. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that resistance to S mansoni infection may be associated with an increase in the number of CD4+ memory T cells and susceptibility to infection is associated with a decrease in the central memory cell as well as high proportions of effector memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson da Paixão de Souza
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maria Ilma Araújo
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Diego Mota Lopes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Vila Verde Santana de Almeida
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Brady Page
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais [INCT-DT-CNPQ/MCT], Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Cardoso
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais [INCT-DT-CNPQ/MCT], Salvador, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
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25
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Jakobs BD, Spannagel L, Purvanov V, Uetz-von Allmen E, Matti C, Legler DF. Engineering of Nanobodies Recognizing the Human Chemokine Receptor CCR7. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2597. [PMID: 31137829 PMCID: PMC6566259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 plays a pivotal role in health and disease. In particular, CCR7 controls homing of antigen-bearing dendritic cells and T cells to lymph nodes, where adaptive immune responses are initiated. However, CCR7 also guides T cells to inflamed synovium and thereby contributes to rheumatoid arthritis and promotes cancer cell migration and metastasis formation. Nanobodies have recently emerged as versatile tools to study G-protein-coupled receptor functions and are being tested in diagnostics and therapeutics. In this study, we designed a strategy to engineer novel nanobodies recognizing human CCR7. We generated a nanobody library based on a solved crystal structure of the nanobody Nb80 recognizing the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and by specifically randomizing two segments within complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR3 of Nb80 known to interact with β2AR. We fused the nanobody library to one half of split-YFP in order to identify individual nanobody clones interacting with CCR7 fused to the other half of split-YFP using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. We present three novel nanobodies, termed Nb1, Nb5, and Nb38, that recognize human CCR7 without interfering with G-protein-coupling and downstream signaling. Moreover, we were able to follow CCR7 trafficking upon CCL19 triggering using Nb1, Nb5, and Nb38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Jakobs
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lisa Spannagel
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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26
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García-Cuesta EM, Santiago CA, Vallejo-Díaz J, Juarranz Y, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. The Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Axis in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:585. [PMID: 31507535 PMCID: PMC6718456 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These receptors are intimately involved in cell movement, and thus play a critical role in several physiological and pathological situations that require the precise regulation of cell positioning. CXCR4 is one of the most studied chemokine receptors and is involved in many functions beyond leukocyte recruitment. During embryogenesis, it plays essential roles in vascular development, hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and nervous system organization. It has been also implicated in tumor progression and autoimmune diseases and, together with CD4, is one of the co-receptors used by the HIV-1 virus to infect immune cells. In contrast to other chemokine receptors that are characterized by ligand promiscuity, CXCR4 has a unique ligand-stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1, CXCL12). However, this ligand also binds ACKR3, an atypical chemokine receptor that modulates CXCR4 functions and is overexpressed in multiple cancer types. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis constitutes a potential therapeutic target for a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, not only by interfering with cell migration but also by modulating immune responses. Thus far, only one antagonist directed against the ligand-binding site of CXCR4, AMD3100, has demonstrated clinical relevance. Here, we review the role of this ligand and its receptors in different autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. García-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - César A. Santiago
- Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department Cell Biology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mario Mellado
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27
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Fluorescently Tagged CCL19 and CCL21 to Monitor CCR7 and ACKR4 Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123876. [PMID: 30518137 PMCID: PMC6321256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are essential guidance cues orchestrating cell migration in health and disease. Cognate chemokine receptors sense chemokine gradients over short distances to coordinate directional cell locomotion. The chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are essential for recruiting CCR7-expressing dendritic cells bearing pathogen-derived antigens and lymphocytes to lymph nodes, where the two cell types meet to launch an adaptive immune response against the invading pathogen. CCR7-expressing cancer cells are also recruited by CCL19 and CCL21 to metastasize in lymphoid organs. In contrast, atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) do not transmit signals required for cell locomotion but scavenge chemokines. ACKR4 is crucial for internalizing and degrading CCL19 and CCL21 to establish local gradients, which are sensed by CCR7-expressing cells. Here, we describe the production of fluorescently tagged chemokines by fusing CCL19 and CCL21 to monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP). We show that purified CCL19-mRFP and CCL21-mRFP are versatile and powerful tools to study CCR7 and ACKR4 functions, such as receptor trafficking and chemokine scavenging, in a spatiotemporal fashion. We demonstrate that fluorescently tagged CCL19 and CCL21 permit the visualization and quantification of chemokine gradients in real time, while CCR7-expressing leukocytes and cancer cells sense the guidance cues and migrate along the chemokine gradients.
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28
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Wu C, Yang P, Liu H, Xiao W, Zhao L. Increased frequency of CCR7 +CD4 + T cells from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: An indicator of disease activity rather than of damage severity. Cytokine 2018; 110:9-17. [PMID: 29684636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CCR7 on T cells has been reported to be associated with the lymphocytic migration and infiltration, which is recognized as a vital part of the pathogenesis of Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Here, we compared the expression of CCR7 on CD4+T cells between pSS patients and control groups, including healthy donors (HD) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and examined correlations with disease activity and damage severity, which were evaluated by EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Damage Index (SSDDI), respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear Cells (PBMC) were obtained from patients and controls and expressions of CCR7 were evaluated by flow cytometry. CCR7 was selectively and frequently expressed on CD4+T cells, but less on CD8+ T cells of patients with pSS. In contrast, this phenomenon was neither seen in normal subjects nor in patients with SLE. The expression level of CCR7 in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells is closely correlated with ESSDAI, but not SSDDI. Correspondently, the chemotactic index (CI) of CD4+T cells was higher than CD8+T cells in patients with pSS. Furthermore, the CI of CD4+T cells is also higher than that of other controls, which is correlated with ESSDAI. All the findings suggested that CCR7 might play an important role in the development of pSS by mediating the migration of CD4+cells. Thus, the expression of CCR7 in CD4+ T cells is probably a useful biomarker to evaluate and monitor disease activity. CCR7 can also potentially be a novel target for the therapy of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wu
- Department of Rhematology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rhematology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Haina Liu
- Department of Rhematology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Weiguo Xiao
- Department of Rhematology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Rhematology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Ryu H, Baek SW, Moon JY, Jo IS, Kim N, Lee HJ. C-C motif chemokine receptors in gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:3-8. [PMID: 29285394 PMCID: PMC5738695 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in molecular and clinical research, patients with gastric cancer at an advanced stage have a dismal prognosis and poor survival rates, and systemic treatment relies predominantly on traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve patients' quality of life and survival, an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer progression and treatment resistance, and of its clinical application in the development of novel targeted therapies, is urgently required. Chemokines are a group of small chemotactic cytokines that interact with seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, and this interaction serves a crucial role in various physiological processes, including organ development and the host immune response, to recruit cells to specific sites in the body. There is also accumulating evidence that chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCRs) contribute to tumor development and progression, as well as metastasis. However, research regarding the functional roles of chemokines and their receptors in cancer is dynamic and context-dependent, and much remains to be elucidated, although various aspects have been explored extensively. In gastric cancer, C-C motif CCRs are involved in the biological behavior of tumor cells, including the processes of growth, invasion and survival, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In the present review, attention is given to the clinical relevance of C-C motif CCRs in the development, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer, particularly CCR7 and CCR5, which have been investigated extensively, as well as their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Jo
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Hu J, Qiu ZX, Liu W, Wang MJ, Li Y, Sun YH, Zhu SN, Ren HY, Dong YJ. Alterations of CCR5 and CCR7 expression on donor peripheral blood T cell subsets after mobilization with rhG-CSF correlate with acute graft-versus-host disease. Clin Immunol 2017; 191:81-87. [PMID: 28965881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on chemokine receptors and explore the potential mechanism of rhG-CSF inducing immune tolerance, ninety-seven donor and recipient pairs undergoing family-donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were studied. The results indicated that different donors showed great disparities in expression changes after mobilization. Multivariate analysis revealed that both HLA mismatching and CCR7 downregulation on donors' CD4+ T cells after mobilization were independent risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast, CCR5 downregulation on CD4+ T cells was associated with reduced incidence of acute GVHD. In conclusion, rhG-CSF mobilization could lead to differential regulation of chemokine receptors expression on T cell subsets in different donors. Downregulation of CCR5 and upregulation of CCR7 expression on donor CD4+ T cells might protect recipients from acute GVHD. This finding may provide a promising new strategy for the prevention and treatment of acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mang-Ju Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hua Sun
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sai-Nan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Yun Ren
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Jun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Matrine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress via CCR7 signal. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11621-11628. [PMID: 28086227 PMCID: PMC5355291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of matrine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that matrine improved intestinal inflammatory status and oxidative balance and enhanced chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression. In LPS-challenged mice and Caco-2 cells, matrine alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. CCR7-siRNA transfection blocked the protective effects of matrine on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and exacerbated LPS caused injury. In conclusion, matrine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and Caco-2 cells, which may be associated with CCR7 signal.
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Li LX, Labuda JC, Imai DM, Griffey SM, McSorley SJ. CCR7 Deficiency Allows Accelerated Clearance of Chlamydia from the Female Reproductive Tract. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2547-2554. [PMID: 28801359 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune mechanisms responsible for pathogen clearance from the female reproductive tract (FRT) are incompletely defined; in particular, the contribution of lymphocyte trafficking to this process is unclear. CCR7-deficient mice have profoundly altered lymphocyte recirculation and display ectopic formation of lymphocyte aggregates within mucosal nonlymphoid tissues, including the FRT. In this study, we investigated how altered lymphocyte distribution in CCR7-deficient mice would affect host responses to Chlamydia muridarum within the reproductive tract. As expected, CCR7-deficient mice exhibited reduced lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes and a corresponding increase in T cell populations within the FRT. After intravaginal infection with Chlamydia, CCR7-deficient mice displayed markedly reduced Ag-specific CD4 T cell responses within the local draining iliac lymph nodes, yet robust Th1 and Th17 responses were prominent in the FRT. In addition, Chlamydia-specific Ab responses were dysregulated in CCR7-deficient mice, displaying an unexpected increase in the systemic IgA responses. Importantly, prominent mucosal immune responses in CCR7-deficient mice increased the efficiency of bacteria clearance from the FRT while reducing tissue-associated inflammation and pathology. Thus, increased numbers of lymphocytes within the FRT result in pathogen clearance with reduced immune-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205;
| | - Jasmine C Labuda
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
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The novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors antagonist AD2900 affects lymphocyte activation and inhibits T-cell entry into the lymph nodes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53563-53580. [PMID: 28881832 PMCID: PMC5581131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid derivatives play key roles in immune cell migration and function. Synthetic sphingolipid analogues are used as therapeutics to intervene various inflammatory and malignant conditions. We hypothesize that different analogs have different effects on immune cells and therefore can be used as treatment for specific diseases. This study examines the properties of the novel synthetic sphingolipid analog, AD2900, and its effects on immune cell activation and lymphocyte localization in homeostasis. AD2900 is an antagonist for all sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. It demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is dependent on cAMP reduction and calcium signal transduction but not on phospholipase C activation. AD2900 causes a significant but reversible downregulation of S1P1 expression on the cell surface. AD2900 administration to C57BL/6J mice leads to the accumulation of T cells in the blood and spleen and in turn reduces T-cell number in the lymph nodes. Moreover, AD2900 treatment shows significant effects on the localization of T-cell subpopulations. These results demonstrate the key roles of S1P in T-cell trafficking in a steady state and suggest a potential clinical application for AD2900. Notably, this sphingolipid analog does not cause a severe lymphopenia. The clinical effect of AD2900 in hemato-oncologic diseases and immune-related diseases needs further investigation.
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Zhang L, Xiao X, An H, Wang J, Ma Y, Qian YH. Inhibition of CCR7 promotes NF-κB-dependent apoptosis and suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2913-2919. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu M, Wang P, Zhao M, Liu DY. Intestinal Dendritic Cells Are Altered in Number, Maturity and Chemotactic Ability in Fulminant Hepatic Failure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166165. [PMID: 27832135 PMCID: PMC5104363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is defined as rapid acute liver injury, often complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The precise onset of FHF with SBP is still unknown, but it is thought that SBP closely correlates with a weakened intestinal barrier. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in forming the intestinal immune barrier, therefore the number, maturity and chemotactic ability of intestinal DCs were studied in FHF. Mouse intestinal and spleen DCs were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and surface markers of DCs, namely CD11c, CD74, CD83 and CD86, were identified using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect the distribution and expression of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and CC-chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), as well as their ligands-CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and CC-chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25). Real-time PCR was used to detect CCR7 and CCR9 mRNA, along with their ligands-CCL21 and CCL25 mRNA. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the markers CD74, CD83 and CD86 of CD11c+DCs were lower in the D-galactosamine (D-GalN) group and were significantly decreased in the FHF group, while there were no significant changes in the expression of these markers in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. Immunohistochemistry results showed that staining for CCR7 and CCR9, as well as their ligands CCL21 and CCL25, was significantly weaker in the D-GalN and FHF groups compared with the normal saline (NS) group or the LPS group; the FHF group even showed completely unstained parts. Protein expression of CCR7 and CCR9, as well as their ligands- CCL21 and CCL25, was also lower in the D-GalN group and decreased even more significantly in the FHF group. At the gene level, CCR7 and CCR9, along with CCL21 and CCL25 mRNA expression, was lower in the D-GalN group and significantly decreased in the FHF group compared to the NS and LPS groups, consisting with the protein expression. Our study indicated that intestinal DCs were decreased in number, maturity and chemotactic ability in FHF and might contribute to a decreased function of the intestinal immune barrier in FHF.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- CD11c Antigen/immunology
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Chemokine CCL21/genetics
- Chemokine CCL21/immunology
- Chemokine CCL21/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intestines/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/genetics
- Liver Failure, Acute/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Receptors, CCR/genetics
- Receptors, CCR/immunology
- Receptors, CCR/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/genetics
- Receptors, CCR7/immunology
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The second department of urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - DY Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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Serum stimulation of CCR7 chemotaxis due to coagulation factor XIIa-dependent production of high-molecular-weight kininogen domain 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7059-E7068. [PMID: 27791187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615671113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in immune function by directing cell-specific movement. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) facilitates entry of T cells into lymph nodes. CCR7-dependent chemotaxis requires either of the cognate ligands C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) or CCL21. Although CCR7-dependent chemotaxis can be augmented through receptor up-regulation or by increased chemokine concentrations, we found that chemotaxis is also markedly enhanced by serum in vitro. Upon purification, the serum cofactor activity was ascribed to domain 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen. This peptide was necessary and sufficient for accelerated chemotaxis. The cofactor activity in serum was dependent on coagulation factor XIIa, a serine protease known to induce cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) at sites of inflammation. Within domain 5, we synthesized a 24-amino acid peptide that could recapitulate the activity of intact serum through a mechanism distinct from up-regulating CCR7 expression or promoting chemokine binding to CCR7. This peptide interacts with the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 4 (TSP4), and antibodies to TSP4 neutralize its activity. In vivo, an HK domain 5 peptide stimulated homing of both T and B cells to lymph nodes. A circulating cofactor that is activated at inflammatory foci to enhance lymphocyte chemotaxis represents a powerful mechanism coupling inflammation to adaptive immunity.
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Yoshida K, Misumi M, Kubo Y, Yamaoka M, Kyoizumi S, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Kusunoki Y. Long-Term Effects of Radiation Exposure and Metabolic Status on Telomere Length of Peripheral Blood T Cells in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Radiat Res 2016; 186:367-376. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Petrone AB, O'Connell GC, Regier MD, Chantler PD, Simpkins JW, Barr TL. The Role of Arginase 1 in Post-Stroke Immunosuppression and Ischemic Stroke Severity. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 7:103-10. [PMID: 26515089 PMCID: PMC4770061 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A balanced immune system response plays an important role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recovery. Our laboratory has previously identified several immune-related genes, including arginase 1 (ARG1), with altered expression in human AIS patients. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a marker of the degree of immune dysregulation following AIS; however, the molecular mechanisms that may mediate the NLR are unknown. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the relationship between ARG1, NLR, and AIS severity and (2) to utilize principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically model multiple gene expression changes following AIS. AIS patients and stroke-free control subjects were recruited, and blood samples were collected from AIS patients within 24 h of stroke symptom onset. White blood cell differentials were obtained at this time to calculate the NLR. Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR. PCA with varimax rotation was used to develop composite variables consisting of a five-gene profile. ARG1 was positively correlated with NLR (r = 0.57, p = 0.003), neutrophil count (r = 0.526, p = 0.007), NIHSS (r = 0.607, p = 0.001), and infarct volume (r = 0.27, p = 0.051). PCA identified three principal components that explain 84.4 % of variation in the original patient gene dataset comprised of ARG1, LY96, MMP9, s100a12, and PC1 was a significant explanatory variable for NIHSS (p < 0.001) and NLR (p = 0.005). Our study suggests a novel relationship between ARG1, NLR, and stroke severity, and the NLR is an underutilized clinically available biomarker to monitor the post-stroke immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Petrone
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.,Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Erma Byrd 119, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Grant C O'Connell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Erma Byrd 119, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Michael D Regier
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Erma Byrd 119, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Erma Byrd 119, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Taura L Barr
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Erma Byrd 119, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA. .,School of Nursing, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.
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39
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Fan X, Jin T, Zhao S, Liu C, Han J, Jiang X, Jiang Y. Circulating CCR7+ICOS+ Memory T Follicular Helper Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134523. [PMID: 26231034 PMCID: PMC4521720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at examining the potential roles of circulating memory T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods The numbers of different subsets of circulating memory Tfh cells in 25 patients with relapsed MS before and after treatment as well as 14 healthy controls (HC) were examined by flow cytometry. The levels of plasma IL-21 in all patients and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-21 in some MS patients and controls with non-inflammatory neuronal diseases (NND) were measured by ELISA. Results In comparison with that in the HC, the numbers of circulating CD3+CD4+CXCR5+CD45RA-, ICOS+, CCR7+ and CCR7+ICOS+ memory Tfh cells and the levels of plasma IL-21 significantly increased in MS patients, but significantly decreased in the patients with complete remission (CR). The levels of CSF IL-21 were significantly higher in the MS patients than that in the NND patients. The numbers of CCR7+ICOS+ memory Tfh cells were positively correlated with the EDSS scores, the levels of plasma and CSF IL-21, IgG, MBP-Ab or MOG-Ab. Conclusions Our findings indicated that circulating memory Tfh cells, especially CCR7+ICOS+ memory Tfh cells, may be associated with the relapse of MS and may serve as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Fan
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songchen Zhao
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmei Jiang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XJ)
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XJ)
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40
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Silva-Filho JL, Souza MC, Henriques MG, Morrot A, Savino W, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Renin-angiotensin system contributes to naive T-cell migration in vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 573:1-13. [PMID: 25752953 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in the regulation of the T-cell response during inflammation. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lymphocytes under physiologic conditions have not yet been studied. Here, we tested the influence of Ang II on T-cell migration using T cells from BALB/c mice. The results obtained in vivo showed that when Ang II production or the AT1 receptor were blocked, T-cell counts were enhanced in blood but decreased in the spleen. The significance of these effects was confirmed by observing that these cells migrate, through fibronectin to Ang II via the AT1 receptor. We also observed a gradient of Ang II from peripheral blood to the spleen, which explains its chemotactic effect on this organ. The following cellular mechanisms were identified to mediate the Ang II effect: upregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR9; upregulation of the adhesion molecule CD62L; increased production of the chemokines CCL19 and CCL25 in the spleen. These results indicate that the higher levels of Ang II in the spleen and AT1 receptor activation contribute to migration of naive T cells to the spleen, which expands our understanding on how the Ang II/AT1 receptor axis contributes to adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Silva-Filho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M C Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M G Henriques
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - W Savino
- Departamento de Imunologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia e Bioimagem, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil
| | - A A S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil.
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Crk-like adapter protein regulates CCL19/CCR7-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ERK signaling pathway in epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Med Oncol 2015; 32:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rodriguez-Pla A, Patel P, Maecker HT, Rossello-Urgell J, Baldwin N, Bennett L, Cantrell V, Baisch J, Punaro M, Gotte A, Nassi L, Wright T, Palucka AK, Banchereau J, Pascual V. IFN priming is necessary but not sufficient to turn on a migratory dendritic cell program in lupus monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5586-98. [PMID: 24829414 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood monocytes from children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) behave similar to dendritic cells (DCs), and SLE serum induces healthy monocytes to differentiate into DCs in a type I IFN-dependent manner. In this study, we found that these monocytes display significant transcriptional changes, including a prominent IFN signature, compared with healthy controls. Few of those changes, however, explain DC function. Exposure to allogeneic T cells in vitro reprograms SLE monocytes to acquire DC phenotype and function, and this correlates with both IFN-inducible (IP10) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL6) expression. Furthermore, we found that both IFN and SLE serum induce the upregulation of CCR7 transcription in these cells. CCR7 protein expression, however, requires a second signal provided by TLR agonists such as LPS. Thus, SLE serum "primes" a subset of monocytes to readily (<24 h) respond to TLR agonists and acquire migratory DC properties. Our findings might explain how microbial infections exacerbate lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinakeen Patel
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Lynda Bennett
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | | | - Jeanine Baisch
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Alisa Gotte
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Lorien Nassi
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Tracey Wright
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | | | | | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219; and
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43
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Aquilino C, Castro R, Fischer U, Tafalla C. Transcriptomic responses in rainbow trout gills upon infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:12-20. [PMID: 24269609 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that even though the fin bases constitute the main portal of entry of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important number of chemokine genes are up-regulated in the gills upon bath exposure to the virus. Because chemokines mediate the recruitment of leukocytes through the action of specific chemokine receptors, in the current study, we have studied the transcription of several immune genes in response to a VHSV bath infection in the gills, focusing both on chemokine receptor genes and on genes characteristic of distinct leukocyte populations such as IgM, IgD, IgT, CD4, CD8, perforin and MHC-II. We have studied the response to the virus in naïve fish as well as in fish that had been previously intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with a VHSV DNA vaccine. Additionally, we have sorted both IgM(+) and CD8(+) cells from the gills of naïve and infected animals to study some of these up-regulated genes in specific leukocyte populations. Our results indicate that despite the low replication level, VHSV provokes an up-regulation of IgM, IgT, CD3 and perforin transcription together with the up-regulation of CCR7, CCR9, CXCR3B and CXCR4 mRNA levels. Interestingly, MHC-II mRNA was up-regulated and CCR7 was down-modulated in IgM(+) cells from infected gills, whereas perforin, CCR7 and CXCR4 mRNA levels were higher in sorted CD8(+) cells from infected animals. Surprisingly, when fish had been previously injected with either the empty plasmid or the VHSV DNA vaccine, these up-regulations in immune gene transcription were no longer observed. Our results point to the gills as an important site for innate and acquired viral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aquilino
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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Serum inflammatory mediators as markers of human Lyme disease activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93243. [PMID: 24740099 PMCID: PMC3989169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines are key signaling molecules that orchestrate the trafficking of immune cells, direct them to sites of tissue injury and inflammation and modulate their states of activation and effector cell function. We have measured, using a multiplex-based approach, the levels of 58 immune mediators and 7 acute phase markers in sera derived from of a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute Lyme disease and matched controls. This analysis identified a cytokine signature associated with the early stages of infection and allowed us to identify two subsets (mediator-high and mediator-low) of acute Lyme patients with distinct cytokine signatures that also differed significantly (p<0.0005) in symptom presentation. In particular, the T cell chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B) were coordinately increased in the mediator-high group and levels of these chemokines could be associated with seroconversion status and elevated liver function tests (p = 0.027 and p = 0.021 respectively). There was also upregulation of acute phase proteins including CRP and serum amyloid A. Consistent with the role of CXCL9/CXCL10 in attracting immune cells to the site of infection, CXCR3+ CD4 T cells are reduced in the blood of early acute Lyme disease (p = 0.01) and the decrease correlates with chemokine levels (p = 0.0375). The levels of CXCL9/10 did not relate to the size or number of skin lesions but elevated levels of serum CXCL9/CXCL10 were associated with elevated liver enzymes levels. Collectively these results indicate that the levels of serum chemokines and the levels of expression of their respective chemokine receptors on T cell subsets may prove to be informative biomarkers for Lyme disease and related to specific disease manifestations.
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Astrup E, Ranheim T, Damås JK, Davì G, Santilli F, Jensenius M, Vitale G, Aukrust P, Olano JP, Otterdal K. Increased expression of the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 in clinical and experimental Rickettsia conorii infection. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:70. [PMID: 24507453 PMCID: PMC3923395 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on their essential role in concerting immunological and inflammatory responses we hypothesized that the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 may play a pathogenic role in rickettsiae infection. Methods Serum levels of CCL19 and CCL21 in patients with R. africae and R. conorii infection were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. Lungs from R. conorii infected mice were examined for CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results We found that patients with R. africae infection (n = 15) and in particular those with R. conorii infection (n = 16) had elevated serum levels of CCL19 on admission, with a decline during follow-up. While a similar pattern was seen for CCL21 in R. africae infection, patients with R. conorii infection showed persistently increased CCL21 levels during follow-up. In experimental R. conorii infection, we found strong immunostaining of CCL19 and CCL21 in the lungs, particularly in individuals that had received lethal doses. Immunofluorescence showed co-localization of CCR7 to endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts within the lung tissue of R. conorii infected mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the CCL19/CCL21/CCR7 axis is up-regulated during R. africae and in particular during R. conorii infection, which may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Astrup
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, Lørenskog 1478, Norway.
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Tuna H, Avdiushko RG, Sindhava VJ, Wedlund L, Kaetzel CS, Kaplan AM, Bondada S, Cohen DA. Regulation of the mucosal phenotype in dendritic cells by PPARγ: role of tissue microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:471-85. [PMID: 24295831 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0713408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal DCs play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Several stimuli can induce a mucosal phenotype; however, molecular pathways that regulate development of mucosal DC function are relatively unknown. This study sought to determine whether PPARγ contributes to the development of the "mucosal" phenotype in mouse DCs. Experiments demonstrated that PPARγ activation in BMDCs induced an immunosuppressive phenotype in which BMDCs had reduced expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, increased IL-10 secretion, and reduced the ability to induce CD4 T cell proliferation. Activation of PPARγ enhanced the ability of BMDC to polarize CD4 T cells toward iTregs and to induce T cell expression of the mucosal homing receptor, CCR9. Activation of PPARγ increased the ability of BMDCs to induce T cell-independent IgA production in B cells. BMDCs from PPARγ(ΔDC) mice displayed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules, enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production, and decreased IL-10 synthesis. Contrary to the inflammatory BMDC phenotype in vitro, PPARγ(ΔDC) mice showed no change in the frequency or phenotype of mDC in the colon. In contrast, mDCs in the lungs were increased significantly in PPARγ(ΔDC) mice. A modest increase in colitis severity was observed in DSS-treated PPARγ(ΔDC) mice compared with control. These results indicate that PPARγ activation induces a mucosal phenotype in mDCs and that loss of PPARγ promotes an inflammatory phenotype. However, the intestinal microenvironment in vivo can maintain the mucosal DC phenotype of via PPARγ-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halide Tuna
- 1.Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Room MS419, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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Henault D, Galleguillos L, Moore C, Johnson T, Bar-Or A, Antel J. Basis for fluctuations in lymphocyte counts in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2013; 81:1768-72. [PMID: 24132373 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000435564.92609.2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the range of fluctuation in total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) in peripheral blood over a 4- to 7-year period in patients with MS receiving fingolimod (FTY720) and the relation between TLCs and T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CCR7+/-) that are differentially regulated in the lymph nodes by fingolimod. METHODS TLCs were measured every 3 months in patients (n = 23) receiving fingolimod for 4 to 7 years. T-cell subset (CD4+, CD8+, and CCR7+/-) analyses were performed on whole-blood samples and/or freshly isolated or cryopreserved mononuclear cells. RESULTS All serially studied patients had mean TLCs <0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L. In 30% of patients, 20% to 40% of TLCs were >0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L vs mean 4.0% for "nonfluctuator" patients. Cross-sectional analysis indicated that TLCs of 0.2-0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L correlated with numbers of CD8+ effector (CCR7-) cells. For patients discontinuing therapy, TLCs between 0.6 and 1.0 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L were associated with a relative increase of CD4 T cells and reappearance of CCR7+ (CD4+ and CD8+) T cells. Analysis of cryopreserved mononuclear cell samples from patients receiving therapy with TLCs >0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L indicated no differences in total CD4 or CD8+ T cells but increased proportion of CD4+CCR7+ T cells compared to samples with TLCs <0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L. CONCLUSION Fluctuations of TLCs within 0.2-0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L in patients receiving fingolimod reflect changes in total CCR7-CD8+ effector cells, a population less regulated by this agent. Although less apparent than for patients discontinuing therapy, cells expected to be sequestered by this therapy may begin to re-emerge when TLC values are >0.6 × 10(9) lymphocytes/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Henault
- From the Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
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Charest-Morin X, Pépin R, Gagné-Henley A, Morissette G, Lodge R, Marceau F. C-C chemokine receptor-7 mediated endocytosis of antibody cargoes into intact cells. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:122. [PMID: 24068998 PMCID: PMC3781320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The C–C chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) is a G protein coupled receptor that has a role in leukocyte homing, but that is also expressed in aggressive tumor cells. Preclinical research supports that CCR7 is a valid target in oncology. In view of the increasing availability of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that carry cytotoxic cargoes, we studied the feasibility of forcing intact cells to internalize known monoclonal antibodies by exploiting the cycle of endocytosis and recycling triggered by the CCR7 agonist CCL19. Firstly, an anti-CCR7 antibody (CD197; clone 150503) labeled surface recombinant CCR7 expressed in intact HEK 293a cells and the fluorescent antibody was internalized following CCL19 treatment. Secondly, a recombinant myc-tagged CCL19 construction was exploited along the anti-myc monoclonal antibody 4A6. The myc-tagged ligand was produced as a conditioned medium of transfected HEK 293a cells that contained the equivalent of 430 ng/ml of immunoreactive CCL19 (average value, ELISA determination). CCL19-myc, but not authentic CCL19, carried the fluorophore-labeled antibody 4A6 into other recipient cells that expressed recombinant CCR7 (microscopy, cytofluorometry). The immune complexes were apparent in endosomal structures, co-localized well with the small GTPase Rab5 and progressed toward Rab7-positive endosomes. A dominant negative form of Rab5 (GDP-locked) inhibited this endocytosis. Further, endosomes in CCL19-myc- or CCL19-stimulated cells were positive for β-arrestin2, but rarely for β-arrestin1. Following treatment with CCL19-myc and the 4A6 antibody, the melanoma cell line A375 that expresses endogenous CCR7 was specifically stained using a secondary peroxidase-conjugated antibody. Agonist-stimulated CCR7 can transport antibody-based cargoes, with possible therapeutic applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charest-Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Québec, QC, Canada
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Liou JT, Lee CM, Lin YC, Chen CY, Liao CC, Lee HC, Day YJ. P-selectin is required for neutrophils and macrophage infiltration into injured site and contributes to generation of behavioral hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury in mice. Pain 2013; 154:2150-2159. [PMID: 23831400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that leukocyte extravasation is initiated by the interaction of selectins with their ligands; as well as an essential role for P-selectin in the initial recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. In this study, P-selectin-deficient (P-sel-/-) mice were used to test the hypothesis that lack of P-selectin would attenuate the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation, thereby modulating pain in a murine chronic neuropathic pain model. Nociceptive sensitization and the microenvironment of the peripheral injury site were studied in wild-type (P-sel+/+) and P-selectin-deficient (P-sel-/-) mice after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Variables measured included myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, several inflammatory cell infiltration profiles, cytokines, and endogenous opioid peptide expression in damaged nerves. Results indicate that behavioral hypersensitivity, MPO activity, and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages were attenuated in P-sel-/- mice after PSNL. Proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin (IL)-6, were reduced in damaged nerves following PSNL; however, several antiinflammatory cytokines - IL-1Ra, IL-4, and IL-10 - were significantly increased in P-sel-/- mice. In addition, endogenous opioid peptides mRNA was significantly lower in P-sel-/- mice compared with P-sel +/+ mice. The current results demonstrated that the absence of P-selectin in mice leads to an altered microenvironment that attenuated behavioral hypersensitivity. The specific role of P-selectin could have been a result of decreased neutrophils, as well as the accumulation of macrophages at the site of injury, which may subsequently modulate the inflammatory cytokine expression and impact behavioral hypersensitivity within the injured nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Transgenic & Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Hombach AA, Abken H. Young T Cells Age During a Redirected Anti-Tumor Attack: Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Provided Dual Costimulation is Half the Battle. Front Immunol 2013; 4:135. [PMID: 23761793 PMCID: PMC3672777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cells showed spectacular efficacy in the treatment of leukemia in recent early phase trials. Patient’s T cells were ex vivo genetically engineered with a CAR, amplified and re-administered to the patient. While T cells mediating the primary response were predominantly of young effector and central memory phenotype, repetitive antigen engagement irreversible triggers T cell maturation leaving late memory cells with the KLRG1+ CD57+ CD7− CCR7− phenotype in the long-term. These cells preferentially accumulate in the periphery, are hypo-responsive upon TCR engagement and prone to activation-induced cell death. A recent report indicates that those T cells can be rescued by CAR provided CD28 and OX40 (CD134) stimulation. We discuss the strategy with respect to prolong the anti-tumor response and to improve the over-all efficacy of adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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