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Wobma H, Janssen E. Expanding IPEX: Inborn Errors of Regulatory T Cells. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:825-840. [PMID: 37821198 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for enforcing peripheral tolerance. Monogenic "Tregopathies" affecting Treg development, stability, and/or function commonly present with polyautoimmunity, atopic disease, and infection. While autoimmune manifestations may present in early childhood, as more disorders are characterized, conditions with later onset have been identified. Treg numbers in the blood may be decreased in Tregopathies, but this is not always the case, and genetic testing should be pursued when there is high clinical suspicion. Currently, hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative treatment, but gene therapies are in development, and small molecule inhibitors/biologics may also be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wobma
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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2
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Liang F, Peng C, Luo X, Wang L, Huang Y, Yin L, Yue L, Yang J, Zhao X. A single-cell atlas of immunocytes in the spleen of a mouse model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104783. [PMID: 37944382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a disorder characterized by rare X-linked genetic immune deficiency with mutations in the Was gene, which is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. The spleen plays a major role in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. However, to date, comprehensive analyses of the spleen in wild-type (WT) and WASp-deficient (WAS-KO) mice, especially at the transcriptome level, have not been reported. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to identify various types of immune cells and investigate the mechanisms underlying immune deficiency. We identified 30 clusters and 10 major cell subtypes among 11,269 cells; these cell types included B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, stem cells and erythrocytes. Moreover, we evaluated gene expression differences among cell subtypes, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and performed enrichment analyses to identify the reasons for the dysfunction in these different cell populations in WAS. Furthermore, some key genes were identified based on a comparison of the DEGs in each cell type involved in specific and nonspecific immune responses, and further analysis showed that these key genes were previously undiscovered pathology-related genes in WAS-KO mice. In summary, we present a landscape of immune cells in the spleen of WAS-KO mice based on detailed data obtained at single-cell resolution. These unprecedented data revealed the transcriptional characteristics of specific and nonspecific immune cells, and the key genes were identified, laying a foundation for future studies of WAS, especially studies into novel and underexplored mechanisms that may improve gene therapies for WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianze Luo
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luming Yue
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Labrosse R, Chu JI, Armant MA, Everett JK, Pellin D, Kareddy N, Frelinger AL, Henderson LA, O’Connell AE, Biswas A, Coenen-van der Spek J, Miggelbrink A, Fiorini C, Adhikari H, Berry CC, Cantu VA, Fong J, Jaroslavsky J, Karadeniz DF, Li QZ, Reddy S, Roche AM, Zhu C, Whangbo JS, Dansereau C, Mackinnon B, Morris E, Koo SM, London WB, Baris S, Ozen A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Despotovic JM, Forbes Satter LR, Saitoh A, Aizawa Y, King A, Nguyen MAT, Vu VDU, Snapper SB, Galy A, Notarangelo LD, Bushman FD, Williams DA, Pai SY. Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2023; 142:1281-1296. [PMID: 37478401 PMCID: PMC10731922 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency, eczema, microthrombocytopenia, autoimmunity, and lymphoid malignancies. Gene therapy (GT) to modify autologous CD34+ cells is an emerging alternative treatment with advantages over standard allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients who lack well-matched donors, avoiding graft-versus-host-disease. We report the outcomes of a phase 1/2 clinical trial in which 5 patients with severe WAS underwent GT using a self-inactivating lentiviral vector expressing the human WAS complementary DNA under the control of a 1.6-kB fragment of the autologous promoter after busulfan and fludarabine conditioning. All patients were alive and well with sustained multilineage vector gene marking (median follow-up: 7.6 years). Clinical improvement of eczema, infections, and bleeding diathesis was universal. Immune function was consistently improved despite subphysiologic levels of transgenic WAS protein expression. Improvements in platelet count and cytoskeletal function in myeloid cells were most prominent in patients with high vector copy number in the transduced product. Two patients with a history of autoimmunity had flares of autoimmunity after GT, despite similar percentages of WAS protein-expressing cells and gene marking to those without autoimmunity. Patients with flares of autoimmunity demonstrated poor numerical recovery of T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), interleukin-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs), and transitional B cells. Thus, recovery of the Breg compartment, along with Tregs appears to be protective against development of autoimmunity after GT. These results indicate that clinical and laboratory manifestations of WAS are improved with GT with an acceptable safety profile. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01410825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Labrosse
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia I. Chu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Myriam A. Armant
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John K. Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Niharika Kareddy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Amy E. O’Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jet Coenen-van der Spek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Miggelbrink
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Fiorini
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hriju Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles C. Berry
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vito Adrian Cantu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johnson Fong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason Jaroslavsky
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Derin F. Karadeniz
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shantan Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aoife M. Roche
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jennifer S. Whangbo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen Dansereau
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda Mackinnon
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Morris
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie M. Koo
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wendy B. London
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Safa Baris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Işıl Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jenny M. Despotovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Alejandra King
- Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Clínica Alemana De Santiago Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mai Anh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Do Uyen Vu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Galy
- Genethon, Évry, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, University of Évry, INSERM, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Évry, France
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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4
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Li M, Wang H, Ni Y, Li C, Xu X, Chang H, Xu Z, Hou M, Ji M. Helminth-induced CD9 + B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:111-123. [PMID: 34863801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that helminth infection can protect against obesity and improve insulin sensitivity to a certain extent, based on epidemiological investigations and animal experiments. Meanwhile, helminths induce a network of regulatory immune cells, including regulatory B cells (Bregs). However, the molecule characteristics and function of these Bregs in improving whole-body metabolic homeostasis remains largely unclear. We established a mouse model with chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection, and compared the differences in B10 cells (CD19+CD5+CD1dhi) and B10- cells (CD19+CD5-CD1d-) from splenic B cells of infected mice using RNA-seq. A unique Breg population was identified. Furthermore, these Bregs were evaluated for their ability to produce inhibitory cytokines in vitro and suppress obesity when adoptively transferred into mice on a high-fat diet. We found that schistosome infection could expand Breg cell populations in mice. CD9 was demonstrated to be a key surface marker for most murine IL-10+ B cells in spleen. CD19+CD9+ B cells produced more IL-10 than conventional B10 cells. Adoptive transfer of CD9+ B cells had the capacity to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation via promoting Tregs, Th2 cells and decreasing Th1, Th17 cells in high-fat diet mice. In conclusion, schistosome infection can induce regulatory CD9+ B cell production, which plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic disorders through IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maining Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Sudhakar M, Rikhi R, Loganathan SK, Suri D, Singh S. Autoimmunity in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: Updated Perspectives. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:363-388. [PMID: 34447261 PMCID: PMC8384432 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s213920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an uncommon X-linked combined-immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a triad of thrombocytopenia, eczema, and immunodeficiency. Patients with WAS are also predisposed to autoimmunity and malignancy. Autoimmune manifestations have been reported in 26%–72% of patients with WAS. Autoimmunity is an independent predictor of poor prognosis and predisposes to malignancy. Development of autoimmunity is also an early pointer of the need for hematopoietic stem–cell transplantation. In this manuscript, we have collated the published data and present a narrative review on autoimmune manifestations in WAS. A summary of currently proposed immunopathogenic mechanisms and genetic variants associated with development of autoimmunity in WAS is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Sudhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Rikhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Loganathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepti Suri
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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6
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Abstract
Sequence analyses highlight a massive peptide sharing between immunoreactive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) epitopes and human proteins that—when mutated, deficient or improperly functioning—associate with tumorigenesis, diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and immunodeficiencies, among others. Peptide commonality appears to be the molecular platform capable of linking EBV infection to the vast EBV-associated diseasome via cross-reactivity and questions the hypothesis of the “negative selection” of self-reactive lymphocytes. Of utmost importance, this study warns that using entire antigens in anti-EBV immunotherapies can associate with autoimmune manifestations and further supports the concept of peptide uniqueness for designing safe and effective anti-EBV immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Pai SY. Treatment of primary immunodeficiency with allogeneic transplant and gene therapy. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2019; 2019:457-465. [PMID: 31808905 PMCID: PMC6913427 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of primary immunodeficiency disorders with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has a history dating back to 1968 with the first successful transplant for a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The omission of conditioning for patients with SCID owing to their inability to reject allogeneic grafts and the increasing use of reduced intensity conditioning regimens often result in a state of mixed or split donor-recipient chimerism. The use of gene therapy (GT) via retroviral or lentiviral transduction of autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is expected to correct only a portion of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. The consequences of partial correction after either form of cellular therapy differ according to how the genetic deficiency affects immune cell development and function. Moreover, the conditioning regimen or lack thereof impacts the cell lineages at risk of partial correction. Advances in our understanding of immune reconstitution after HCT and GT for SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Alhabbab RY, Nova-Lamperti E, Aravena O, Burton HM, Lechler RI, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:164-179. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Infectious Disease Unit and Division of Applied Medical Sciences King Fahad Centre for medical research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Pharmacy Faculty Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Immunología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Hannah M. Burton
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
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10
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Sun X, Wei Y, Lee PP, Ren B, Liu C. The role of WASp in T cells and B cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103919. [PMID: 31047647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a form of primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) resulting from mutations of the gene that encodes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). WASp is the first identified and most widely studied protein belonging to the actin nucleation-promoting factor family and plays significant role in integrating and transforming signals from critical receptors on the cell surface to actin remodeling. WASp functions in immune defense and homeostasis through the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-dependent cellular processes as well as processes uncoupled with actin polymerization like nuclear transcription programs. In this article, we review the mechanisms of WASp activation through an understanding of its structure. We further discuss the role of WASp in adaptive immunity, paying special attention to some recent findings on the crucial role of WASp in the formation of immunological synapse, the regulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and in the prevention of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Wei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela P Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
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11
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He M, Westerberg LS. Congenital Defects in Actin Dynamics of Germinal Center B Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 30894852 PMCID: PMC6414452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a transient anatomical structure formed during the adaptive immune response that leads to antibody affinity maturation and serological memory. Recent works using two-photon microscopy reveals that the GC is a highly dynamic structure and GC B cells are highly motile. An efficient selection of high affinity B cells clones within the GC crucially relies on the interplay of proliferation, genome editing, cell-cell interaction, and migration. All these processes require actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to be well-coordinated. Dysregulated actin dynamics may impede on multiple stages during B cell affinity maturation, which could lead to aberrant GC response and result in autoimmunity and B cell malignancy. This review mainly focuses on the recent works that investigate the role of actin regulators during the GC response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Amaya-Uribe L, Rojas M, Azizi G, Anaya JM, Gershwin ME. Primary immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2019; 99:52-72. [PMID: 30795880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) include many genetic disorders that affect different components of the innate and adaptive responses. The number of distinct genetic PIDs has increased exponentially with improved methods of detection and advanced laboratory methodology. Patients with PIDs have an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and non-infectious complications including allergies, malignancies and autoimmune diseases (ADs), the latter being the first manifestation of PIDs in several cases. There are two types of PIDS. Monogenic immunodeficiencies due to mutations in genes involved in immunological tolerance that increase the predisposition to develop autoimmunity including polyautoimmunity, and polygenic immunodeficiencies characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation that can be explained by a complex pathophysiology and which may have a multifactorial etiology. The high prevalence of ADs in PIDs demonstrates the intricate relationships between the mechanisms of these two conditions. Defects in central and peripheral tolerance, including mutations in AIRE and T regulatory cells respectively, are thought to be crucial in the development of ADs in these patients. In fact, pathology that leads to PID often also impacts the Treg/Th17 balance that may ease the appearance of a proinflammatory environment, increasing the odds for the development of autoimmunity. Furthermore, the influence of chronic and recurrent infections through molecular mimicry, bystander activation and super antigens activation are supposed to be pivotal for the development of autoimmunity. These multiple mechanisms are associated with diverse clinical subphenotypes that hinders an accurate diagnosis in clinical settings, and in some cases, may delay the selection of suitable pharmacological therapies. Herein, a comprehensively appraisal of the common mechanisms among these conditions, together with clinical pearls for treatment and diagnosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amaya-Uribe
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
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13
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Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29086100 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease.
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14
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Lee PP, Lobato-Márquez D, Pramanik N, Sirianni A, Daza-Cajigal V, Rivers E, Cavazza A, Bouma G, Moulding D, Hultenby K, Westerberg LS, Hollinshead M, Lau YL, Burns SO, Mostowy S, Bajaj-Elliott M, Thrasher AJ. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein regulates autophagy and inflammasome activity in innate immune cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1576. [PMID: 29146903 PMCID: PMC5691069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of autophagy and inflammasome activity contributes to the development of auto-inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the actin cytoskeleton in modulating inflammatory responses. Here we show that deficiency of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), which signals to the actin cytoskeleton, modulates autophagy and inflammasome function. In a model of sterile inflammation utilizing TLR4 ligation followed by ATP or nigericin treatment, inflammasome activation is enhanced in monocytes from WAS patients and in WAS-knockout mouse dendritic cells. In ex vivo models of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri infection, WASp deficiency causes defective bacterial clearance, excessive inflammasome activation and host cell death that are associated with dysregulated septin cage-like formation, impaired autophagic p62/LC3 recruitment and defective formation of canonical autophagosomes. Taken together, we propose that dysregulation of autophagy and inflammasome activities contribute to the autoinflammatory manifestations of WAS, thereby identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela P Lee
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Damián Lobato-Márquez
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre of Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nayani Pramanik
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrea Sirianni
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre of Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vanessa Daza-Cajigal
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Elizabeth Rivers
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gerben Bouma
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hollinshead
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1AP, UK
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Shenzhen Primary Immunodeficiency Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre of Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
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15
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Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2017; 38:13-27. [PMID: 29086100 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease.
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16
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Rivers E, Thrasher AJ. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein: Emerging mechanisms in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1857-1866. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Gu XL, He H, Lin L, Luo GX, Wen YF, Xiang DC, Qiu J. Tim-1+B cells suppress T cell interferon-gamma production and promote Foxp3 expression, but have impaired regulatory function in coronary artery disease. APMIS 2017; 125:872-879. [PMID: 28736945 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Gu
- Department of Cardiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Anesthesiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Guo-Xin Luo
- Department of Ultrasound; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Yan-Fei Wen
- Department of Cardiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Ding-Cheng Xiang
- Department of Cardiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Cardiology; Guangzhou Liuhuaqiao Hospital; Guangzhou China
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18
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Abnormalities of follicular helper T-cell number and function in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2016; 127:3180-91. [PMID: 27170596 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-652636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a hematopoietic-specific regulator of actin nucleation. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients show immunodeficiencies, most of which have been attributed to defective T-cell functions. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the major CD4(+) T-cell subset with specialized B-cell helper capabilities. Aberrant Tfh cells activities are involved in immunopathologies such as autoimmunity, immunodeficiencies, and lymphomas. We found that in WAS patients, the number of circulating Tfh cells was significantly reduced due to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, and Tfh cells were Th2 and Th17 polarized. The expression of inducible costimulator (ICOS) in circulating Tfh cells was higher in WAS patients than in controls. BCL6 expression was decreased in total CD4(+) T and Tfh cells of WAS patients. Mirroring the results in patients, the frequency of Tfh cells in WAS knockout (KO) mice was decreased, as was the frequency of BCL6(+) Tfh cells, but the frequency of ICOS(+) Tfh cells was increased. Using WAS chimera mice, we found that the number of ICOS(+) Tfh cells was decreased in WAS chimera mice, indicating that the increase in ICOS(+) Tfh cells in WAS KO mice was cell extrinsic. The data from in vivo CD4(+) naive T-cell adoptive transfer mice as well as in vitro coculture of naive B and Tfh cells showed that the defective function of WASp-deficient Tfh cells was T-cell intrinsic. Consistent findings in both WAS patients and WAS KO mice suggested an essential role for WASp in the development and memory response of Tfh cells and that WASp deficiency causes a deficient differentiation defect in Tfh cells by downregulating the transcription level of BCL6.
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19
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Yokoyama T, Yoshizaki A, Simon KL, Kirby MR, Anderson SM, Candotti F. Age-Dependent Defects of Regulatory B Cells in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Gene Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139729. [PMID: 26448644 PMCID: PMC4598155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, eczema, and high incidence of malignancy and autoimmunity. The cellular mechanisms underlying autoimmune complications in WAS have been extensively studied; however, they remain incompletely defined. We investigated the characteristics of IL-10-producing CD19+CD1dhighCD5+ B cells (CD1dhighCD5+ Breg) obtained from Was gene knockout (WKO) mice and found that their numbers were significantly lower in these mice compared to wild type (WT) controls. Moreover, we found a significant age-dependent reduction of the percentage of IL-10-expressing cells in WKO CD1dhighCD5+ Breg cells as compared to age-matched WT control mice. CD1dhighCD5+ Breg cells from older WKO mice did not suppress the in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines from activated CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CD1dhighCD5+ Breg cells from older WKO mice displayed a basal activated phenotype which may prevent normal cellular responses, among which is the expression of IL-10. These defects may contribute to the susceptibility to autoimmunity with age in patients with WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karen L. Simon
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martha R. Kirby
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacie M. Anderson
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Du HQ, Zhang X, An YF, Ding Y, Zhao XD. Effects of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Deficiency on IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells in Humans and Mice. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:483-93. [PMID: 25728049 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and is required for immune cell function. WASp deficiency causes a marked reduction in major mature peripheral B cell subsets, particularly marginal zone (MZ) B cells. We hypothesized that WASp deficiency may also lead to a reduction of regulatory B cells (known as B10 cells) belonging to a novel subset of B cells. And in consideration of the key role of B10 cells play in maintaining peripheral tolerance, we conjectured that a deficit of these cells could contribute to the autoimmunity in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). The effects of WASp deficiency on B10 cells have been reported by only one group, which used an antigen-induced arthritis model. To add more information, we measured the percentage of B10 cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th1 cells in WASp knockout (WASp KO) mice. We also measured the percentage of B10 cells in patients with WAS by flow cytometry. Importantly, we used the non-induced autoimmune WASp KO mouse model to investigate the association between B10 cell frequency and the Treg/Th1 balance. We found that the percentage of B10 cells was reduced in both mice (steady state and inflammatory state) and in humans and that the lower B10 population correlated with an imbalance in the Treg/Th1 ratio in old WASp KO mice with autoimmune colitis. These findings suggest that WASp plays a crucial role in B10 cell development and that WASp-deficient B10 cells may contribute to autoimmunity in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Q Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-F An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-D Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Tian F, Hu X, Xian K, Zong D, Liu H, Wei H, Yang W, Qian L. B10 cells induced by Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens modulated regulatory T cells and cytokine production of T cells. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3827-34. [PMID: 26149531 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A distinct subset of B cells, also known as regulatory B cells, can negatively regulate T cell immune responses, but the role of these cells in schistosomiasis has not been clarified. Soluble egg antigen (SEA) and soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP), which are two important antigen sources during Schistosoma japonicum infection, both can induce Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells and the corresponding cytokines. However, whether they can induce the production of regulatory B cells and the regulatory function of schistosome-induced regulatory B cells remains unclear. In our studies, we first analyzed the production of regulatory B cells stimulated by SEA or SWAP using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and observed these cells in mice immunized by SEA or SWAP. Then, B10 cells sorted by MicroBeads were co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, and the proportion of Treg cells were detected. At the same time, the IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels in the culture supernatant were measured. The results showed that B10 cells were preferentially induced by SEA in vitro, and B10 could also be induced in mice immunized by SEA. SEA-induced B10 cells promoted the expansion of regulatory T cells and induced IL-4 secretion, but inhibited IL-17 production. These findings reveal that the generation of B10 cells is determined by parasitic antigen, and suggest the function of B10 cell induced by SEA. This study significantly contributes to the understanding of the immune regulatory role in schistosomiasis and may help protect hosts from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Medince, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China,
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22
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Cotta-de-Almeida V, Dupré L, Guipouy D, Vasconcelos Z. Signal Integration during T Lymphocyte Activation and Function: Lessons from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25709608 PMCID: PMC4321635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research dedicated to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has helped to understand the etiology of many of these diseases and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Beyond these aspects, PID are also studied because they offer invaluable natural genetic tools to dissect the human immune system. In this review, we highlight the research that has focused over the last 20 years on T lymphocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. WAS T lymphocytes are defective for the WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, study of WAS T lymphocytes has helped to grasp that many steps of T lymphocyte activation and function depend on the crosstalk between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. These steps include motility, immunological synapse assembly, and signaling, as well as the implementation of helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic effector functions. The recent concept that WASP also works as a regulator of transcription within the nucleus is an illustration of the complexity of signal integration in T lymphocytes. Finally, this review will discuss how further study of WAS may contribute to solve novel challenges of T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Dupré
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
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