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Weinberger T, Denise M, Joppich M, Fischer M, Garcia Rodriguez C, Kumaraswami K, Wimmler V, Ablinger S, Räuber S, Fang J, Liu L, Liu WH, Winterhalter J, Lichti J, Thomas L, Esfandyari D, Percin G, Matin S, Hidalgo A, Waskow C, Engelhardt S, Todica A, Zimmer R, Pridans C, Gomez Perdiguero E, Schulz C. Resident and recruited macrophages differentially contribute to cardiac healing after myocardial ischemia. eLife 2024; 12:RP89377. [PMID: 38775664 PMCID: PMC11111219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are heterogenous in phenotype and functions, which has been associated with differences in their ontogeny. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the precise role of different subsets of macrophages in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains incomplete. We here investigated macrophage lineages and ablated tissue macrophages in homeostasis and after I/R injury in a CSF1R-dependent manner. Genomic deletion of a fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) in the Csf1r locus resulted in specific absence of resident homeostatic and antigen-presenting macrophages, without affecting the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the infarcted heart. Specific absence of homeostatic, monocyte-independent macrophages altered the immune cell crosstalk in response to injury and induced proinflammatory neutrophil polarization, resulting in impaired cardiac remodeling without influencing infarct size. In contrast, continuous CSF1R inhibition led to depletion of both resident and recruited macrophage populations. This augmented adverse remodeling after I/R and led to an increased infarct size and deterioration of cardiac function. In summary, resident macrophages orchestrate inflammatory responses improving cardiac remodeling, while recruited macrophages determine infarct size after I/R injury. These findings attribute distinct beneficial effects to different macrophage populations in the context of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weinberger
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules SouchesParisFrance
| | - Messerer Denise
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Markus Joppich
- LFE Bioinformatik, Department of Informatics, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Maximilian Fischer
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Clarisabel Garcia Rodriguez
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules SouchesParisFrance
| | - Konda Kumaraswami
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Vanessa Wimmler
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Sonja Ablinger
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Saskia Räuber
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jiahui Fang
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Lulu Liu
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Wing Han Liu
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Julia Winterhalter
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Johannes Lichti
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Lukas Thomas
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Dena Esfandyari
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Guelce Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Sandra Matin
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- LFE Bioinformatik, Department of Informatics, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Clare Pridans
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisa Gomez Perdiguero
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules SouchesParisFrance
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medical Clinic I., Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine UniversityMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
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Leyva-Castillo JM, Vega-Mendoza D, Strakosha M, Deng L, Choi S, Miyake K, Karasuyama H, Chiu IM, Phipatanakul W, Geha RS. Basophils are important for development of allergic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1344-1354.e5. [PMID: 38336257 PMCID: PMC11070311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis skin lesions exhibit increased infiltration by basophils. Basophils produce IL-4, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of basophils in a mouse model of antigen-driven allergic skin inflammation. METHODS Wild-type mice, mice with selective and inducible depletion of basophils, and mice expressing Il4-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein were subjected to epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin or saline. Sensitized skin was examined by histology for epidermal thickening. Cells were analyzed for surface markers and intracellular expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein by flow cytometry. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. RESULTS Basophils were important for epidermal hyperplasia, dermal infiltration by CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils in ovalbumin-sensitized mouse skin and for the local and systemic TH2 response to epicutaneous sensitization. Moreover, basophils were the major source of IL-4 in epicutaneous-sensitized mouse skin and promote the ability of dendritic cells to drive TH2 polarization of naive T cells. CONCLUSION Basophils play an important role in the development of allergic skin inflammation induced by cutaneous exposure to antigen in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Leyva-Castillo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Daniela Vega-Mendoza
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Strakosha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Samantha Choi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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3
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Kim JW, Kim YJ. The evidence-based multifaceted roles of hepatic stellate cells in liver diseases: A concise review. Life Sci 2024; 344:122547. [PMID: 38460810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play central roles in liver disease pathogenesis, spanning steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These cells, located in the liver's sinusoidal space of Disse, transition from a quiescent, vitamin A-rich state to an activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype in response to liver injury. This activation results from a complex interplay of cytokines, growth factors, and oxidative stress, leading to excessive collagen deposition and liver fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic liver diseases. Recently, HSCs have gained recognition for their dynamic, multifaceted roles in liver health and disease. Attention has shifted toward their involvement in various liver conditions, including acute liver injury, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver regeneration. This review aims to explore diverse functions of HSCs in these acute or chronic liver pathologies, with a focus on their roles beyond fibrogenesis. HSCs exhibit a wide range of actions, including lipid storage, immunomodulation, and interactions with other hepatic and extrahepatic cells, making them pivotal in the hepatic microenvironment. Understanding HSC involvement in the progression of liver diseases can offer novel insights into pathogenic mechanisms and guide targeted therapeutic strategies for various liver conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Kim
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yu Ji Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
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4
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Strakosha M, Vega-Mendoza D, Kane J, Jain A, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Elkins M, Miyake K, Chou J, Karasuyama H, Geha RS, Leyva-Castillo JM. Basophils Play a Protective Role in the Recovery of Skin Barrier Function from Mechanical Injury in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00079-4. [PMID: 38286187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Physical trauma disrupts skin barrier function. How the skin barrier recovers is not fully understood. We evaluated in mice the mechanism of skin barrier recovery after mechanical injury inflicted by tape stripping. Tape stripping disrupted skin barrier function as evidenced by increased transepidermal water loss. We show that tape stripping induces IL-1-, IL-23-, and TCRγδ+-dependent upregulation of cutaneous Il17a and Il22 expression. We demonstrate that IL-17A and IL-22 induce epidermal hyperplasia, promote neutrophil recruitment, and delay skin barrier function recovery. Neutrophil depletion improved the recovery of skin barrier function and decreased epidermal hyperplasia. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis of skin cells revealed basophil infiltration into tape-stripped skin. Basophil depletion upregulated Il17a expression, increased neutrophil infiltration, and delayed skin barrier recovery. Comparative analysis of genes differentially expressed in tape-stripped skin of basophil-depleted mice and Il17a-/- mice indicated that basophils counteract the effects of IL-17A on the expression of epidermal and lipid metabolism genes important for skin barrier integrity. Our results demonstrate that basophils play a protective role by downregulating Il17a expression after mechanical skin injury, thereby counteracting the adverse effect of IL-17A on skin barrier function recovery, and suggest interventions to accelerate this recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Strakosha
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Vega-Mendoza
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Kane
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Elkins
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Leyva-Castillo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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5
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Frumer GR, Shin SH, Jung S, Kim JS. Not just Glia-Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse. Glia 2024; 72:5-18. [PMID: 37501579 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ronit Frumer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Codeluppi SA, Xu M, Bansal Y, Lepack AE, Duric V, Chow M, Muir J, Bagot RC, Licznerski P, Wilber SL, Sanacora G, Sibille E, Duman RS, Pittenger C, Banasr M. Prefrontal cortex astroglia modulate anhedonia-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4632-4641. [PMID: 37696873 PMCID: PMC10914619 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of astroglia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are consistently found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression and in rodent chronic stress models. Here, we examine the consequences of PFC GFAP+ cell depletion and cell activity enhancement on depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Using viral expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in PFC GFAP+ cells, which allows experimental depletion of these cells following diphtheria toxin administration, we demonstrated that PFC GFAP+ cell depletion induced anhedonia-like behavior within 2 days and lasting up to 8 days, but no anxiety-like deficits. Conversely, activating PFC GFAP+ cell activity for 3 weeks using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) reversed chronic restraint stress-induced anhedonia-like deficits, but not anxiety-like deficits. Our results highlight a critical role of cortical astroglia in the development of anhedonia and further support the idea of targeting astroglia for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Codeluppi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Bansal
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A E Lepack
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - V Duric
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, West Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - M Chow
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Muir
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R C Bagot
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Licznerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S L Wilber
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Soni SS, D'Elia AM, Rodell CB. Control of the post-infarct immune microenvironment through biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1983-2014. [PMID: 36763330 PMCID: PMC9913034 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which heart transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. IHF manifests from myocardial infarction (MI) that initiates tissue remodeling processes, mediated by mechanical changes in the tissue (loss of contractility, softening of the myocardium) that are interdependent with cellular mechanisms (cardiomyocyte death, inflammatory response). The early remodeling phase is characterized by robust inflammation that is necessary for tissue debridement and the initiation of repair processes. While later transition toward an immunoregenerative function is desirable, functional reorientation from an inflammatory to reparatory environment is often lacking, trapping the heart in a chronically inflamed state that perpetuates cardiomyocyte death, ventricular dilatation, excess fibrosis, and progressive IHF. Therapies can redirect the immune microenvironment, including biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches. In this review, we outline these existing approaches, with a particular focus on the immunomodulatory effects of therapeutics (small molecule drugs, biomolecules, and cell or cell-derived products). Cardioprotective strategies, often focusing on immunosuppression, have shown promise in pre-clinical and clinical trials. However, immunoregenerative therapies are emerging that often benefit from exacerbating early inflammation. Biomaterials can be used to enhance these therapies as a result of their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, parallel mechanisms of action (e.g., mechanical restraint), or by enabling cell or tissue-targeted delivery. We further discuss translatability and the continued progress of technologies and procedures that contribute to the bench-to-bedside development of these critically needed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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8
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Vanderborght B, De Muynck K, Gijbels E, Lefere S, Scott CL, Guilliams M, Beschin A, Vinken M, Verhelst X, Geerts A, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L. Transient Kupffer cell depletion and subsequent replacement by infiltrating monocyte-derived cells does not alter the induction or progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2615-2628. [PMID: 36912275 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to a combination of rapid disease progression and the lack of curative treatment options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Infiltrated, monocyte-derived, tumor-associated macrophages are known to play a role in HCC pathogenesis, but the involvement of Kupffer cells (KCs) remains elusive. Here, we used the Clec4F-diphteria toxin receptor transgenic mouse model to specifically investigate the effect of KC depletion on HCC initiation, progression and neoplastic growth following liver resection. For this purpose, several HCC mouse models with varying underlying etiologies were used and partial hepatectomy was performed. Our results show that in HCC, developed on a fibrotic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis background, depletion of embryonic KCs at the onset of HCC induction and the subsequent replacement by monocyte-derived KCs does not affect the tumor burden, tumor microenvironment or the phenotype of isolated KCs at end-stage disease. In non-chronic liver disease-associated diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC, ablation of Clec4F+ KCs did not alter tumor progression or neoplastic growth following liver resection. Our results show that temporal ablation of resident KCs does not impact HCC pathogenesis, neither in the induction phase nor in advanced disease, and indicate that bone marrow-derived KCs are able to swiftly repopulate the available KC niche and adopt their phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vanderborght
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Muynck
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Eva Gijbels
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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9
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Batoon L, Koh AJ, Kannan R, McCauley LK, Roca H. Caspase-9 driven murine model of selective cell apoptosis and efferocytosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:58. [PMID: 36693838 PMCID: PMC9873735 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and efficient efferocytosis are integral to growth, development, and homeostasis. The heterogeneity of these mechanisms in different cells across distinct tissues renders it difficult to develop broadly applicable in vivo technologies. Here, we introduced a novel inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9) mouse model which allowed targeted cell apoptosis and further facilitated investigation of concomitant efferocytosis. We generated iCasp9+/+ mice with conditional expression of chemically inducible caspase-9 protein that is triggered in the presence of Cre recombinase. In vitro, bone marrow cells from iCasp9+/+ mice showed expression of the iCasp9 protein when transduced with Cre-expressing adenovirus. Treatment of these cells with the chemical dimerizer (AP20187/AP) resulted in iCasp9 processing and cleaved caspase-3 upregulation, indicating successful apoptosis induction. The in vivo functionality and versatility of this model was demonstrated by crossing iCasp9+/+ mice with CD19-Cre and Osteocalcin (OCN)-Cre mice to target CD19+ B cells or OCN+ bone-lining osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence and/or immunohistochemical staining in combination with histomorphometric analysis of EGFP, CD19/OCN, and cleaved caspase-3 expression demonstrated that a single dose of AP effectively induced apoptosis in CD19+ B cells or OCN+ osteoblasts. Examination of the known efferocytes in the target tissues showed that CD19+ cell apoptosis was associated with infiltration of dendritic cells into splenic B cell follicles. In the bone, where efferocytosis remains under-explored, the use of iCasp9 provided direct in vivo evidence that macrophages are important mediators of apoptotic osteoblast clearance. Collectively, this study presented the first mouse model of iCasp9 which achieved selective apoptosis, allowing examination of subsequent efferocytosis. Given its unique feature of being controlled by any Cre-expressing mouse lines, the potential applications of this model are extensive and will bring forth more insights into the diversity of mechanisms and cellular effects induced by apoptosis including the physiologically important efferocytic process that follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rahasudha Kannan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hernan Roca
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Fitzpatrick MJ, Kerschensteiner D. Homeostatic plasticity in the retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 94:101131. [PMID: 36244950 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vision begins in the retina, whose intricate neural circuits extract salient features of the environment from the light entering our eyes. Neurodegenerative diseases of the retina (e.g., inherited retinal degenerations, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma) impair vision and cause blindness in a growing number of people worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that homeostatic plasticity (i.e., the drive of a neural system to stabilize its function) can, in principle, preserve retinal function in the face of major perturbations, including neurodegeneration. Here, we review the circumstances and events that trigger homeostatic plasticity in the retina during development, sensory experience, and disease. We discuss the diverse mechanisms that cooperate to compensate and the set points and outcomes that homeostatic retinal plasticity stabilizes. Finally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges for unlocking the therapeutic potential of homeostatic plasticity. Homeostatic plasticity is fundamental to understanding retinal development and function and could be an important tool in the fight to preserve and restore vision.
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11
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Dalod M, Scheu S. Dendritic cell functions in vivo: a user's guide to current and next generation mutant mouse models. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1712-1749. [PMID: 35099816 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) do not just excel in antigen presentation. They orchestrate information transfer from innate to adaptive immunity, by sensing and integrating a variety of danger signals, and translating them to naïve T cells, to mount specifically tailored immune responses. This is accomplished by distinct DC types specialized in different functions and because each DC is functionally plastic, assuming different activation states depending on the input signals received. Mouse models hold the key to untangle this complexity and determine which DC types and activation states contribute to which functions. Here, we aim to provide comprehensive information for selecting the most appropriate mutant mouse strains to address specific research questions on DCs, considering three in vivo experimental approaches: (i) interrogating the roles of DC types through their depletion; (ii) determining the underlying mechanisms by specific genetic manipulations; (iii) deciphering the spatiotemporal dynamics of DC responses. We summarize the advantages, caveats, suggested use and perspectives for a variety of mutant mouse strains, discussing in more detail the most widely used or accurate models. Finally, we discuss innovative strategies to improve targeting specificity, for the next generation mutant mouse models, and briefly address how humanized mouse models can accelerate translation into the clinic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dalod
- CNRS, Inserm, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Kathe C, Michoud F, Schönle P, Rowald A, Brun N, Ravier J, Furfaro I, Paggi V, Kim K, Soloukey S, Asboth L, Hutson TH, Jelescu I, Philippides A, Alwahab N, Gandar J, Huber D, De Zeeuw CI, Barraud Q, Huang Q, Lacour SP, Courtine G. Wireless closed-loop optogenetics across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 40:198-208. [PMID: 34580478 PMCID: PMC7612390 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic systems can exert precise control over targeted neurons and pathways throughout the brain in untethered animals, but similar technologies for the spinal cord are not well established. In the present study, we describe a system for ultrafast, wireless, closed-loop manipulation of targeted neurons and pathways across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in untethered mice. We developed a soft stretchable carrier, integrating microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), that conforms to the dura mater of the spinal cord. A coating of silicone-phosphor matrix over the micro-LEDs provides mechanical protection and light conversion for compatibility with a large library of opsins. A lightweight, head-mounted, wireless platform powers the micro-LEDs and performs low-latency, on-chip processing of sensed physiological signals to control photostimulation in a closed loop. We use the device to reveal the role of various neuronal subtypes, sensory pathways and supraspinal projections in the control of locomotion in healthy and spinal-cord injured mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kathe
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Michoud
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schönle
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rowald
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noé Brun
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Ravier
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sadaf Soloukey
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Asboth
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana Jelescu
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomedicale, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Philippides
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noaf Alwahab
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gandar
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Huber
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qiuting Huang
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microenginnering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland. .,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosurgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Nash WT, Okusa MD. Chess Not Checkers: Complexities Within the Myeloid Response to the Acute Kidney Injury Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676688. [PMID: 34124107 PMCID: PMC8187556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation in acute kidney injury (AKI) is an area of intense interest which promises to enhance our understanding of the disease and how to manage it. Macrophages are a heterogeneous and dynamic population of immune cells that carry out multiple functions in tissue, ranging from maintenance to inflammation. As key sentinels of their environment and the major immune population in the uninjured kidney, macrophages are poised to play an important role in the establishment and pathogenesis of AKI. These cells have a profound capacity to orchestrate downstream immune responses and likely participate in skewing the kidney environment toward either pathogenic inflammation or injury resolution. A clear understanding of macrophage and myeloid cell dynamics in the development of AKI will provide valuable insight into disease pathogenesis and options for intervention. This review considers evidence in the literature that speaks to the role and regulation of macrophages and myeloid cells in AKI. We also highlight barriers or knowledge gaps that need to be addressed as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Nash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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14
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Sheng J, Chen Q, Wu X, Dong YW, Mayer J, Zhang J, Wang L, Bai X, Liang T, Sung YH, Goh WWB, Ronchese F, Ruedl C. Fate mapping analysis reveals a novel murine dermal migratory Langerhans-like cell population. eLife 2021; 10:65412. [PMID: 33769279 PMCID: PMC8110305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells residing in the skin represent a large family of antigen-presenting cells, ranging from long-lived Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis to various distinct classical dendritic cell subsets in the dermis. Through genetic fate mapping analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we have identified a novel separate population of LC-independent CD207+CD326+ LClike cells in the dermis that homed at a slow rate to the lymph nodes (LNs). These LClike cells are long-lived and radio-resistant but, unlike LCs, they are gradually replenished by bone marrow-derived precursors under steady state. LClike cells together with cDC1s are the main migratory CD207+CD326+ cell fractions present in the LN and not, as currently assumed, LCs, which are barely detectable, if at all. Cutaneous tolerance to haptens depends on LClike cells, whereas LCs suppress effector CD8+ T-cell functions and inflammation locally in the skin during contact hypersensitivity. These findings bring new insights into the dynamism of cutaneous dendritic cells and their function opening novel avenues in the development of treatments to cure inflammatory skin disorders. Our immune cells are constantly on guard to defend and protect us against invading pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Specialized immune cells, known as antigen-presenting cells, or APCs, have a key role in this process. They engulf invaders, chew them up, and travel to the closest local lymph node to stimulate other immune cells with small fragments of these pathogens. This ramps up the immune response to control infection and disease. APCs are a large and diverse family of immune cells, which includes dendritic cells and macrophages. Some APCs work as mobile surveillance units, travelling around the body to find new threats. Others embed themselves in particular organs and tissues, such as the skin, to provide local, on-the-spot surveillance. Langerhans cells are one of the main types of APC in the skin and are found in the thin outer layer of the epidermis. While it is commonly believed that Langerhans cells can move from the epidermis to the skin-draining lymph nodes, some seemingly contradictory evidence exists to suggest that this may not be the case. Now, Sheng et al. have investigated this issue by tracking APCs, including Langerhans cells, in the skin of mice. A powerful genetic cell labelling technique allowed them to track the movement of immune cells inside a living mouse. Sheng et al. found that majority of 'real' Langerhans cells did not leave the skin. Yet, a second lookalike cell that shared many of the same features of a Langerhans cell was found in the dermal layer of skin, and this cell could travel to local lymph nodes. Both the original and lookalike cells had distinct and separate roles in the skin. This research, which has uncovered a new type of Langerhans-like immune cell in the skin, may be extremely useful for developing new targeted therapies to boost immune responses during infection; or to suppress inappropriate immune activation that can lead to autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Chen
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Wen Dong
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johannes Mayer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Junlei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ho Sung
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Neuronal regulation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular coupling. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:416-432. [PMID: 32636528 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet its high metabolic demands but that is also devoid of toxins that might harm the sensitive neural tissues. This highly regulated microenvironment is made possible by two unique features of CNS vasculature absent in the peripheral organs. First, the blood-blood barrier, which partitions the circulating blood from the CNS, acts as a gatekeeper to facilitate the selective trafficking of substances between the blood and the parenchyma. Second, neurovascular coupling ensures that, following local neural activation, regional blood flow is increased to quickly supply more nutrients and remove metabolic waste. Here, we review how neural and vascular activity act on one another with regard to these two properties.
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16
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Mundt S, Mrdjen D, Utz SG, Greter M, Schreiner B, Becher B. Conventional DCs sample and present myelin antigens in the healthy CNS and allow parenchymal T cell entry to initiate neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/31/eaau8380. [PMID: 30679199 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is under close surveillance by immune cells, which mediate tissue homeostasis, protection, and repair. Conversely, in neuroinflammation, dysregulated leukocyte invasion into the CNS leads to immunopathology and neurological disability. To invade the brain parenchyma, autoimmune encephalitogenic T helper (TH) cells must encounter their cognate antigens (Ags) presented via local Ag-presenting cells (APCs). The precise identity of the APC that samples, processes, and presents CNS-derived Ags to autoaggressive T cells is unknown. Here, we used a combination of high-dimensional single-cell mapping and conditional MHC class II ablation across all CNS APCs to systematically interrogate each population for its ability to reactivate encephalitogenic TH cells in vivo. We found a population of conventional dendritic cells, but not border-associated macrophages or microglia, to be essential for licensing T cells to initiate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Mundt S, Greter M, Flügel A, Becher B. The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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McCormick-Ell J, Connell N. Laboratory Safety, Biosecurity, and Responsible Animal Use. ILAR J 2019; 60:24-33. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Research with animals presents a wide array of hazards, some of which overlap those in the in vitro research laboratory. The challenge for environmental health and safety professionals when making their recommendations and performing the risk assessment is to balance worker safety with animal safety/welfare. The care and husbandry of animals require procedures and tasks that create aerosols and involve metabolized chemicals and a variety of physical hazards that must be assessed in addition to the research related risks, all while balancing the biosecurity of the facility and NIH animal care requirements. Detailed communication between health and safety, research, and animal care teams is essential to understand how to mitigate the risks that are present and if modifications need to be made as the experiments and processes progress and change over time. Additionally, the backgrounds and education levels of the persons involved in animal research and husbandry can be quite broad; the training programs created need to reflect this. Active learning and hands-on training are extremely beneficial for all staff involved in this field. Certain areas of research, such as infectious disease research in high- and maximum-containment (biosafety level 3 and 4) facilities, present challenges that are not seen in lower containment or chemical exposure experiments. This paper reviews potential hazards and mitigation strategies and discusses unique challenges for safety at all biosafety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Connell
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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