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Ingelfinger F, Kuiper KL, Ulutekin C, Rindlisbacher L, Mundt S, Gerdes LA, Smolders J, van Luijn MM, Becher B. Twin study dissects CXCR3 + memory B cells as non-heritable feature in multiple sclerosis. Med 2024; 5:368-373.e3. [PMID: 38531361 PMCID: PMC11018360 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), B cells are considered main triggers of the disease, likely as the result of complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Studies on monozygotic twins discordant for MS offer a unique way to reduce this complexity and reveal discrepant subsets. METHODS In this study, we analyzed B cell subsets in blood samples of monozygotic twins with and without MS using publicly available data. We verified functional characteristics by exploring the role of therapy and performed separate analyses in unrelated individuals. FINDINGS The frequencies of CXCR3+ memory B cells were reduced in the blood of genetically identical twins with MS compared to their unaffected twin siblings. Natalizumab (anti-VLA-4 antibody) was the only treatment regimen under which these frequencies were reversed. The CNS-homing features of CXCR3+ memory B cells were supported by elevated CXCL10 levels in MS cerebrospinal fluid and their in vitro propensity to develop into antibody-secreting cells. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CXCR3+ memory B cells are affected by non-heritable cues in people who develop MS. This underlines the requirement of environmental risk factors such as Epstein-Barr virus in triggering these B cells. We propose that after CXCL10-mediated entry into the CNS, CXCR3+ memory B cells mature into antibody-secreting cells to drive MS. FUNDING This work was supported by Nationaal MS Fonds (OZ2021-016), Stichting MS Research (19-1057 MS, 20-490f MS, and 21-1142 MS), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement no. 882424, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (733 310030_170320, 310030_188450, and CRSII5_183478).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten L Kuiper
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rindlisbacher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Ulutekin C, Galli E, Schreiner B, Khademi M, Callegari I, Piehl F, Sanderson N, Kirschenbaum D, Mundt S, Filippi M, Furlan R, Olsson T, Derfuss T, Ingelfinger F, Becher B. B cell depletion attenuates CD27 signaling of T helper cells in multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101351. [PMID: 38134930 PMCID: PMC10829729 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Whereas T cells are likely the main drivers of disease development, the striking efficacy of B cell-depleting therapies (BCDTs) underscore B cells' involvement in disease progression. How B cells contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis-and consequently the precise mechanism of action of BCDTs-remains elusive. Here, we analyze the impact of BCDTs on the immune landscape in patients with MS using high-dimensional single-cell immunophenotyping. Algorithm-guided analysis reveals a decrease in circulating T follicular helper-like (Tfh-like) cells alongside increases in CD27 expression in memory T helper cells and Tfh-like cells. Elevated CD27 indicates disrupted CD27/CD70 signaling, as sustained CD27 activation in T cells leads to its cleavage. Immunohistological analysis shows CD70-expressing B cells at MS lesion sites. These results suggest that the efficacy of BCDTs may partly hinge upon the disruption of Th cell and B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Callegari
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Sanderson
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kirschenbaum
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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Andreadou M, Ingelfinger F, De Feo D, Cramer TLM, Tuzlak S, Friebel E, Schreiner B, Eede P, Schneeberger S, Geesdorf M, Ridder F, Welsh CA, Power L, Kirschenbaum D, Tyagarajan SK, Greter M, Heppner FL, Mundt S, Becher B. IL-12 sensing in neurons induces neuroprotective CNS tissue adaptation and attenuates neuroinflammation in mice. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1701-1712. [PMID: 37749256 PMCID: PMC10545539 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent driver of type 1 immunity. Paradoxically, in autoimmune conditions, including of the CNS, IL-12 reduces inflammation. The underlying mechanism behind these opposing properties and the involved cellular players remain elusive. Here we map IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression to NK and T cells as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conditionally ablating the IL-12R across these cell types in adult mice and assessing their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis revealed that the neuroprotective role of IL-12 is mediated by neuroectoderm-derived cells, specifically neurons, and not immune cells. In human brain tissue from donors with multiple sclerosis, we observe an IL-12R distribution comparable to mice, suggesting similar mechanisms in mice and humans. Combining flow cytometry, bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we reveal an IL-12-induced neuroprotective tissue adaption preventing early neurodegeneration and sustaining trophic factor release during neuroinflammation, thereby maintaining CNS integrity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Andreadou
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa L M Cramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neurodevelopmental Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selma Tuzlak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Eede
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirin Schneeberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Geesdorf
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina A Welsh
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Power
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kirschenbaum
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neurodevelopmental Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Nuñez NG, Schmid J, Power L, Alberti C, Krishnarajah S, Kreutmair S, Unger S, Blanco S, Konigheim B, Marín C, Onofrio L, Kienzler JC, Costa-Pereira S, Ingelfinger F, Pasinovich ME, Castelli JM, Vizzotti C, Schaefer M, Villar-Vesga J, Mundt S, Merten CH, Sethi A, Wertheimer T, Lutz M, Vanoaica D, Sotomayor C, Gruppi A, Münz C, Cardozo D, Barbás G, Lopez L, Carreño P, Castro G, Raboy E, Gallego S, Morón G, Cervi L, Acosta Rodriguez EV, Maletto BA, Maccioni M, Becher B. High-dimensional analysis of 16 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine combinations reveals lymphocyte signatures correlating with immunogenicity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:941-954. [PMID: 37095378 PMCID: PMC10232362 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The range of vaccines developed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) provides a unique opportunity to study immunization across different platforms. In a single-center cohort, we analyzed the humoral and cellular immune compartments following five coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines spanning three technologies (adenoviral, mRNA and inactivated virus) administered in 16 combinations. For adenoviral and inactivated-virus vaccines, heterologous combinations were generally more immunogenic compared to homologous regimens. The mRNA vaccine as the second dose resulted in the strongest antibody response and induced the highest frequency of spike-binding memory B cells irrespective of the priming vaccine. Priming with the inactivated-virus vaccine increased the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, whereas boosting did not. Distinct immune signatures were elicited by the different vaccine combinations, demonstrating that the immune response is shaped by the type of vaccines applied and the order in which they are delivered. These data provide a framework for improving future vaccine strategies against pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gonzalo Nuñez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Jonas Schmid
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Power
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Alberti
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastián Blanco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Konigheim
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Marín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina Onofrio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Sara Costa-Pereira
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carla Vizzotti
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximilian Schaefer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Villar-Vesga
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Helena Merten
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aakriti Sethi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Wertheimer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danusia Vanoaica
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sotomayor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Cardozo
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barbás
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Lopez
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Carreño
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Castro
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elias Raboy
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ingelfinger F, Kramer M, Lutz M, Widmer CC, Piccoli L, Kreutmair S, Wertheimer T, Woodhall M, Waters P, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A, Mundt S, Becher B, Schreiner B. Antibodies Produced by CLL Phenotype B Cells in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis Are Not Directed Against Neuromuscular Endplates. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:10/2/e200087. [PMID: 36754834 PMCID: PMC9909583 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Myasthenia gravis (MG) can in rare cases be an autoimmune phenomenon associated with hematologic malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It is unclear whether in patients with MG and CLL, the leukemic B cells are the ones directly driving the autoimmune response against neuromuscular endplates. METHODS We identified patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) MG and CLL or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), a precursor to CLL, and described their clinical features, including treatment responses. We generated recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) corresponding to the B-cell receptors of the CLL phenotype B cells and screened them for autoantigen binding. RESULTS A computational immune cell screen revealed a subgroup of 5/38 patients with MG and 0/21 healthy controls who displayed a CLL-like B-cell phenotype. In follow-up hematologic flow cytometry, 2 of these 5 patients were diagnosed with an MBL. An additional patient with AChR+ MG as a complication of manifest CLL presented at our neuromuscular clinic and was successfully treated with the anti-CD20 therapy obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil. We investigated the specificities of expanding CLL-like B-cell clones to assess a direct causal link between the 2 diseases. However, we observed no reactivity of the clones against the AChR, antigens at the neuromuscular junction, or other common autoantigens. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that AChR autoantibodies are produced by nonmalignant, polyclonal B cells The new anti-CD20 treatment obinutuzumab might be considered in effectively treating AChR+ MG. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This is a single case study and provides Class IV evidence that obinutuzumab is safe to use in patients with MG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Burkhard Becher
- From the Institute of Experimental Immunology (F.I., M.L., S.K., T.W., S.M., B.S., B.B.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (F.I., B.S.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (M.K., L.P., F.S., A.L.), Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology (M.K., F.S.), ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology (C.C.W.), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.W., P.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- From the Institute of Experimental Immunology (F.I., M.L., S.K., T.W., S.M., B.S., B.B.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (F.I., B.S.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (M.K., L.P., F.S., A.L.), Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology (M.K., F.S.), ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology (C.C.W.), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.W., P.W.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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6
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Mundt S, Greter M, Becher B. The CNS mononuclear phagocyte system in health and disease. Neuron 2022; 110:3497-3512. [PMID: 36327896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CNS-resident macrophages-including parenchymal microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs)-contribute to neuronal development and health, vascularization, and tissue integrity at steady state. Border-patrolling mononuclear phagocytes such as dendritic cells and monocytes confer important immune functions to the CNS, protecting it from pathogenic threats including aberrant cell growth and brain malignancies. Even though we have learned much about the contribution of lymphocytes to CNS pathologies, a better understanding of differential roles of tissue-resident and -invading phagocytes is slowly emerging. In this perspective, we propose that in CNS neuroinflammatory diseases, tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) contribute to the clearing of debris and resolution of inflammation, whereas blood-borne phagocytes are drivers of immunopathology. We discuss the remaining challenges to resolve which specialized mononuclear phagocyte populations are driving or suppressing immune effector function, thereby potentially dictating the outcome of autoimmunity or brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Ingelfinger F, Gerdes LA, Kavaka V, Krishnarajah S, Friebel E, Galli E, Zwicky P, Furrer R, Peukert C, Dutertre CA, Eglseer KM, Ginhoux F, Flierl-Hecht A, Kümpfel T, De Feo D, Schreiner B, Mundt S, Kerschensteiner M, Hohlfeld R, Beltrán E, Becher B. Twin study reveals non-heritable immune perturbations in multiple sclerosis. Nature 2022; 603:152-158. [PMID: 35173329 PMCID: PMC8891021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system underpinned by partially understood genetic risk factors and environmental triggers and their undefined interactions1,2. Here we investigated the peripheral immune signatures of 61 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS to dissect the influence of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Using complementary multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies in conjunction with data-driven computational tools, we identified an inflammatory shift in a monocyte cluster of twins with MS, coupled with the emergence of a population of IL-2 hyper-responsive transitional naive helper T cells as MS-related immune alterations. By integrating data on the immune profiles of healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, we estimated the variance in CD25 expression by helper T cells displaying a naive phenotype to be largely driven by genetic and shared early environmental influences. Nonetheless, the expanding helper T cells of twins with MS, which were also elevated in non-twin patients with MS, emerged independent of the individual genetic makeup. These cells expressed central nervous system-homing receptors, exhibited a dysregulated CD25-IL-2 axis, and their proliferative capacity positively correlated with MS severity. Together, our matched-pair analysis of the extended twin approach allowed us to discern genetically and environmentally determined features of an MS-associated immune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Kavaka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Furrer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Peukert
- Department of Strategy, Globalization and Society, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Klara Magdalena Eglseer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Flierl-Hecht
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Krishnarajah S, Ingelfinger F, Friebel E, Cansever D, Amorim A, Andreadou M, Bamert D, Litscher G, Lutz M, Mayoux M, Mundt S, Ridder F, Sparano C, Stifter SA, Ulutekin C, Unger S, Vermeer M, Zwicky P, Greter M, Tugues S, De Feo D, Becher B. Single-cell profiling of immune system alterations in lymphoid, barrier and solid tissues in aged mice. Nat Aging 2022; 2:74-89. [PMID: 37118354 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging exerts profound and paradoxical effects on the immune system, at once impairing proliferation, cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and inducing chronic inflammation. Previous studies have focused on individual tissues or cell types, while a comprehensive multisystem study of tissue-resident and circulating immune populations during aging is lacking. Here we reveal an atlas of age-related changes in the abundance and phenotype of immune cell populations across 12 mouse tissues. Using cytometry-based high parametric analysis of 37 mass-cytometry and 55 spectral flow-cytometry parameters, mapping samples from young and aged animals revealed conserved and tissue-type-specific patterns of both immune atrophy and expansion. We uncovered clear phenotypic changes in both lymphoid and myeloid lineages in aged mice, and in particular a contraction in natural killer cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. These changes correlated with a skewing towards myelopoiesis at the expense of early lymphocyte genesis in aged mice. Taken together, this atlas represents a comprehensive, systematic and thorough resource of the age-dependent alterations of the mammalian immune system in lymphoid, barrier and solid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Amorim
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myrto Andreadou
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Bamert
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gioana Litscher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maud Mayoux
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Sparano
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijne Vermeer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Zwicky P, Ingelfinger F, Silva de Melo BM, Ruchti F, Schärli S, Puertas N, Lutz M, Phan TS, Kündig TM, Levesque MP, Maul JT, Schlapbach C, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Mundt S, Becher B. IL-12 regulates type 3 immunity through interfollicular keratinocytes in psoriasiform inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg9012. [PMID: 34678045 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Marcel Silva de Melo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Schärli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Puertas
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Ingelfinger F, Krishnarajah S, Kramer M, Utz SG, Galli E, Lutz M, Zwicky P, Akarca AU, Jurado NP, Ulutekin C, Bamert D, Widmer CC, Piccoli L, Sallusto F, Núñez NG, Marafioti T, Schneiter D, Opitz I, Lanzavecchia A, Jung HH, De Feo D, Mundt S, Schreiner B, Becher B. Single-cell profiling of myasthenia gravis identifies a pathogenic T cell signature. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:901-915. [PMID: 33774709 PMCID: PMC8113175 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by impaired neuromuscular signaling due to autoantibodies targeting the acetylcholine receptor. Although its auto-antigens and effector mechanisms are well defined, the cellular and molecular drivers underpinning MG remain elusive. Here, we employed high-dimensional single-cell mass and spectral cytometry of blood and thymus samples from MG patients in combination with supervised and unsupervised machine-learning tools to gain insight into the immune dysregulation underlying MG. By creating a comprehensive immune map, we identified two dysregulated subsets of inflammatory circulating memory T helper (Th) cells. These signature ThCD103 and ThGM cells populated the diseased thymus, were reduced in the blood of MG patients, and were inversely correlated with disease severity. Both signature Th subsets rebounded in the blood of MG patients after surgical thymus removal, indicative of their role as cellular markers of disease activity. Together, this in-depth analysis of the immune landscape of MG provides valuable insight into disease pathogenesis, suggests novel biomarkers and identifies new potential therapeutic targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Kramer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Bamert
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne C Widmer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolás G Núñez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Didier Schneiter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Abstract
Recent findings of an active neuroimmune exchange at brain border regions have challenged the concept of the immune-privileged central nervous system. The study by Rustenhoven et al. in this issue of Cell shows that dural sinuses serve as a conduit for brain-derived antigens to interact with the immune system, allowing in situ immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Phan TS, Schink L, Mann J, Merk VM, Zwicky P, Mundt S, Simon D, Kulms D, Abraham S, Legler DF, Noti M, Brunner T. Keratinocytes control skin immune homeostasis through de novo-synthesized glucocorticoids. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/5/eabe0337. [PMID: 33514551 PMCID: PMC7846173 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), synthesized by the 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1), control excessive inflammation through immunosuppressive actions. The skin was proposed to regulate homeostasis by autonomous GC production in keratinocytes. However, their immunosuppressive capacity and clinical relevance remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the potential of skin-derived GC and their role in the regulation of physiological and prevalent inflammatory skin conditions. In line with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in human inflammatory skin disorders, genetic in vivo Cyp11b1 ablation and long-term GC deficiency in keratinocytes primed the murine skin immune system resulting in spontaneous skin inflammation. Deficient skin GC in experimental models for inflammatory skin disorders led to exacerbated contact hypersensitivity and psoriasiform skin inflammation accompanied by decreased regulatory T cells and the involvement of unconventional T cells. Our findings provide insights on how skin homeostasis and pathology are critically regulated by keratinocyte-derived GC, emphasizing the immunoregulatory potential of endogenous GC in the regulation of epithelial immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong San Phan
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schink
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mann
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena M Merk
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Abraham
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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13
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Keller CW, Kotur MB, Mundt S, Dokalis N, Ligeon LA, Shah AM, Prinz M, Becher B, Münz C, Lünemann JD. CYBB/NOX2 in conventional DCs controls T cell encephalitogenicity during neuroinflammation. Autophagy 2020; 17:1244-1258. [PMID: 32401602 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1756678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is highly dependent on tissue surveillance by immune cells, dysregulated entry of leukocytes during autoimmune neuroinflammation causes severe immunopathology and neurological deficits. To invade the CNS parenchyma, encephalitogenic T helper (TH) cells must encounter their cognate antigen(s) presented by local major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-expressing antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The precise mechanisms by which CNS-associated APCs facilitate autoimmune T cell reactivation remain largely unknown. We previously showed that mice with conditional deletion of the gene encoding the essential autophagy protein ATG5 in dendritic cells (DCs) are resistant to EAE development. Here, we report that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2, also known as CYBB/NOX2, in conventional DCs (cDCs) regulates endocytosed MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte protein) antigen processing and supports MOG-antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells through LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). Genetic ablation of Cybb in cDCs is sufficient to restrain encephalitogenic TH cell recruitment into the CNS and to ameliorate clinical disease development upon the adoptive transfer of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells. These data indicate that CYBB-regulated MOG-antigen processing and LAP in cDCs licenses encephalitogenic TH cells to initiate and sustain autoimmune neuroinflammation.Abbreviations: Ag: antigen; APC: antigen-presenting cell; AT: adoptive transfer; ATG/Atg: autophagy-related; BAMs: border-associated macrophages; BMDC: bone marrow-derived DC; CD: cluster of differentiation; CNS: central nervous system; CSF2/GM-CSF: colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); CYBB/NOX2/gp91phox: cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; DC: dendritic cell; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; fl: floxed; FOXP3: forkhead box P3; GFP: green fluorescent protein; H2-Ab: histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; ITGAX/CD11c: integrin subunit alpha X; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: median fluorescence intensity; MG: microglia; MHCII: major histocompatibility complex class II; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS: multiple sclerosis; NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ODC: oligodendroglial cell; OVA: ovalbumin; pDC: plasmacytoid DC; Ptd-L-Ser: phosphatidylserine; PTPRC: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TH cells: T helper cells; TLR: toll-like receptor; ZBTB46: zinc finger and BTB domain containing 46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Keller
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika B Kotur
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Dokalis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laure-Anne Ligeon
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (Neuromodulbasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Ingelfinger F, Kramer M, Utz S, Mundt S, Krishnarajah S, Galli E, Lutz M, Jurado NP, Widmer C, Reichen IC, Piccoli L, Sallusto F, Schneiter D, Opitz I, Jung HH, Lanzavecchia A, Schreiner B, Becher B. Myasthenia gravis: From single cell signatures to cancer diagnosis. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.224.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis is a rare but archetypic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the autoantibody-mediated disruption of the neuromuscular junction leading to a skeletal muscle weakness. Immunomodulatory treatment options for Myasthenia gravis patients are largely unspecific, include suppression of the entire immune compartment and are often accompanied by severe side effects.
In order to identify novel biomarkers for more targeted and effective therapeutic approaches, we combined high-dimensional mass and flow cytometry with supervised and unsupervised machine-learning algorithms. Analysis of the peripheral immune compartment of Myasthenia gravis patients and healthy controls revealed a cellular immune signature consisting of inflammatory memory T helper cells with a defined cytokine profile. The abundance of the identified leukocytes in the blood strongly correlated with the patients clinical disease activity, far better than auto-Ab titers. Moreover, we were able to locate T cells with the defined signature enriched in the inflamed thymus of Myasthenia gravis patients – the key organ for the induction and maintenance of the autoimmune disease. Lastly, using an unbiased pattern recognition approach, we identified lymphomas in a subset of Myasthenia gravis patients, further highlighting the potential of the applied analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Piccoli
- 3Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bettina Schreiner
- 1University of Zurich, Switzerland
- 2University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Mundt S, Mrdjen D, Utz SG, Greter M, Schreiner B, Becher B. Conventional DCs sample and present myelin antigens in the healthy CNS and allow parenchymal T cell entry to initiate neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/31/eaau8380. [PMID: 30679199 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is under close surveillance by immune cells, which mediate tissue homeostasis, protection, and repair. Conversely, in neuroinflammation, dysregulated leukocyte invasion into the CNS leads to immunopathology and neurological disability. To invade the brain parenchyma, autoimmune encephalitogenic T helper (TH) cells must encounter their cognate antigens (Ags) presented via local Ag-presenting cells (APCs). The precise identity of the APC that samples, processes, and presents CNS-derived Ags to autoaggressive T cells is unknown. Here, we used a combination of high-dimensional single-cell mapping and conditional MHC class II ablation across all CNS APCs to systematically interrogate each population for its ability to reactivate encephalitogenic TH cells in vivo. We found a population of conventional dendritic cells, but not border-associated macrophages or microglia, to be essential for licensing T cells to initiate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mundt S, Greter M, Flügel A, Becher B. The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Basler M, Mundt S, Groettrup M. The immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 is required in the murine thymus for filling up a hole in the T cell repertoire. Eur J Immunol 2017; 48:419-429. [PMID: 29067678 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells of hematopoietic origin express high levels of the immunoproteasome, a cytokine-inducible variant of the proteasome which has been implicated in regulating inflammatory responses and antigen presentation. In the thymus, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) do express different proteasome subunits exerting chymotrypsin-like activities suggesting distinct functions in thymic T cell selection. Employing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model, we could show that the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 was absolutely required for the generation of LCMV GP118-125 -specific T cells although the class I mediated presentation of GP118-125 was not dependent on LMP7. Using bone marrow chimeras and adoptive transfer of LMP7-deficient CD8+ T cells into RAG1-deficient mice we show that LMP7-deficient mice lacked GP118-125 -specific T cell precursors and that LMP7 was required in radioresistant cells - most likely thymic epithelial cells - to enable their selection. Since LMP7 is strongly expressed in negatively selecting mTECs but barely in positively selecting cTECs our data suggest that LMP7 was required to avoid excessive negative selection of GP118-125 -specific T cell precursors. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the immunoproteasome is a crucial factor for filling up holes within the cytotoxic T cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Mundt S, Engelhardt B, Kirk CJ, Groettrup M, Basler M. Inhibition and deficiency of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 attenuates LCMV-induced meningitis. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:104-13. [PMID: 26464284 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In addition to antigen processing, immunoproteasomes were recently shown to exert functions influencing cytokine production by monocytes and T cells, T-helper cell differentiation, and T-cell survival. Moreover, selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 ameliorated symptoms of autoimmune diseases including CD4(+) T-cell mediated EAE. In this study, we show that LMP7 also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-induced meningitis mediated by CTLs. Mice lacking functional LMP7 display delayed and reduced clinical signs of disease accompanied by a strongly decreased inflammatory infiltration into the brain. Interestingly, we found that selective inhibition and genetic deficiency of LMP7 affect the pathogenesis of LCMV-induced meningitis in a distinct manner. Our findings support the important role of LMP7 in inflammatory disorders and suggest immunoproteasome inhibition as a novel strategy against inflammation-induced neuropathology in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz (BITg), Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz (BITg), Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Buerger S, Herrmann VL, Mundt S, Trautwein N, Groettrup M, Basler M. The Ubiquitin-like Modifier FAT10 Is Selectively Expressed in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells and Modifies T Cell Selection. J I 2015; 195:4106-16. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Basler M, Mundt S, Bitzer A, Schmidt C, Groettrup M. The immunoproteasome: a novel drug target for autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:S74-S79. [PMID: 26458097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome, a special class of the proteasome, is mainly expressed in cells of haematopoietic origin. Additionally, during inflammation, the immunoproteasome is induced by IFN-γ or TNF-α. In recent years it became apparent that the immunoproteasome has important functions other than processing proteins for MHC class I restricted presentation. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in T cell expansion, cytokine production, and T helper cell differentiation. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome ameliorated disease symptoms in different animal models for autoimmune diseases. Hence, the unique role for LMP7 in controlling pathogenic immune responses provides a therapeutic rationale for targeting LMP7 in autoimmune disorders. In this review we summarise the effect of immunoproteasome inhibition in animal models for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; and Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annegret Bitzer
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; and Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
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Mundt S, Groettrup M, Basler M. Analgesia in mice with experimental meningitis reduces pain without altering immune parameters. ALTEX 2015; 32:183-9. [PMID: 25800953 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1502021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection is a widely used animal model to study virus-induced cytotoxic T cell (CTL) mediated meningitis and immunopathology. Nevertheless, this model causes severe pain and distress in mice, especially at later stages of the disease. Therefore, new treatment regimens to improve animal welfare have to be developed. In this study, we subcutaneously implanted ALZET® osmotic pumps continuously releasing buprenorphine to reduce pain in mice with LCMV-induced meningitis. Thereby, mice treated with buprenorphine demonstrated strongly reduced symptoms of pain. However, the LCMV-specific cytotoxic T cell response and the immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) were unchanged in analgesia treated mice indicating that the LCMV-induced immune response was not altered in these mice. Taken together, we demonstrate that in this animal model for meningitis continuous buprenorphine treatment improves animal welfare without affecting the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mundt
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Basler M, Mundt S, Muchamuel T, Moll C, Jiang J, Groettrup M, Kirk CJ. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:226-38. [PMID: 24399752 PMCID: PMC3927957 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating immune mediated disease of the central nervous system. The immunoproteasome is a distinct class of proteasomes found predominantly in monocytes and lymphocytes. Recently, we demonstrated a novel function of immunoproteasomes in cytokine production and T cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of an inhibitor of the immunoproteasome (ONX 0914) in two different mouse models of MS. ONX 0914 attenuated disease progression after active and passive induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), both in MOG35–55 and PLP139–151-induced EAE. Isolation of lymphocytes from the brain or spinal cord revealed a strong reduction of cytokine-producing CD4+ cells in ONX 0914 treated mice. Additionally, ONX 0914 treatment prevented disease exacerbation in a relapsing-remitting model. An analysis of draining lymph nodes after induction of EAE revealed that the differentiation to Th17 or Th1 cells was strongly impaired in ONX 0914 treated mice. These results implicate the immunoproteasome in the development of EAE and suggest that immunoproteasome inhibitors are promising drugs for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Wilhelm J, Hettwer S, Schürmann M, Bagger S, Gerhardt F, Mundt S, Muschick S, Zimmermann J, Ebelt H, Werdan K. Afterload-related cardiac performance: a hemodynamic parameter with prognostic relevance in patients with sepsis in the Emergency Department. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3061701 DOI: 10.1186/cc9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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24
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Bröker D, Bracke A, Brenndörfer L, Krüger T, Mundt S. [Cyanobacteria intoxication in the dog - three suspected cases]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:167-171. [PMID: 22290551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bröker
- Dr. Dorothee Bröker, Tierarztpraxis Quandt und Bracke, An den Wurthen 26, 17489 Greifswald, E-Mail:
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Lukowski G, Lindequist U, Mundt S, Kramer A, Jülich WD. Inhibition of Dermal MRSA Colonization by Microalgal Micro- and Nanoparticles. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 21:98-105. [DOI: 10.1159/000113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Mundt S, Solly K, Thieringer R, Hermanowski-Vosatka A. Development and application of a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for identification of selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2006; 3:367-75. [PMID: 16180991 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoids by the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) enzymes has been implicated in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have shown that alterations in the activity of the type 1 isozyme can affect many aspects of the disease. This paper describes the optimization and application of a high-throughput scintillation proximity assay (SPA) developed to identify selective specific inhibitors of 11betaHSD1. Microsomes containing 11betaHSD1 were incubated in the presence of NADPH and [3H]cortisone, and the product, [3H]cortisol, was specifically detected in the mixture by a monoclonal antibody coupled to protein A-coated SPA beads with greater than 2 log higher affinity for cortisol than cortisone. Dimethyl sulfoxide and NADPH co-substrate additions were optimized for 11betaHSD1 reductase activity. Titrated test compound, when introduced into the optimized assay, reproducibly inhibited the enzyme and yielded consistent IC50 data in either 96- or 384-well format. An 11betaHSD2 counterscreen was performed by incubating 11betaHSD2 microsomes with [3H]cortisol and NAD+ and monitoring substrate disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Hoffmann JC, Zeitz M, Bischoff SC, Brambs HJ, Bruch HP, Buhr HJ, Dignass A, Fischer I, Fleig W, Fölsch UR, Herrlinger K, Höhne W, Jantschek G, Kaltz B, Keller KM, Knebel U, Kroesen AJ, Kruis W, Matthes H, Moser G, Mundt S, Pox C, Reinshagen M, Reissmann A, Riemann J, Rogler G, Schmiegel W, Schölmerich J, Schreiber S, Schwandner O, Selbmann HK, Stange EF, Utzig M, Wittekind C. [Diagnosis and therapy of ulcerative colitis: results of an evidence based consensus conference by the German society of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the competence network on inflammatory bowel disease]. Z Gastroenterol 2004; 42:979-83. [PMID: 15455267 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hoffmann
- Medizinische Klinik I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie/Infektiologie/Rheumatologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
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Zainuddin EN, Mundt S, Wegner U, Mentel R. Cyanobacteria a potential source of antiviral substances against influenza virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 2002; 191:181-2. [PMID: 12458356 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-002-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous and methanolic extracts of cultured cyanobacteria of several genera, Microcystis, Nodularia, Oscillatoria, Scytonema, Lyngbya and Calothrix were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A virus in Madin Darby canine kidney cells. None of the methanolic extracts showed cytotoxic effects. The inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of antiviral activity ranged between 20.0 micro g to 79.0 micro g extract/ml. The most active extract in this screening derived from genus Microcystis. The further analysis of methanolic extracts of cultured strains of genus Microcystis revealed a remarkable antiviral activity against influenza A virus for M. aeruginosa, M. ichthyoblabe and M. wesenbergii. The observed antiviral activity was associated with protease inhibitory activity of approximately 90% and suggest that protease inhibitory activity may be responsible for reducing virus replication. These results show that cyanobacteria are able to produce compounds with biological activity that may be of potential clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Zainuddin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Martin-Luther-Str. 6, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Patel S, Thelander EM, Hernandez M, Montenegro J, Hassing H, Burton C, Mundt S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wright SD, Chao YS, Detmers PA. ApoE(-/-) mice develop atherosclerosis in the absence of complement component C5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 286:164-70. [PMID: 11485323 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the terminal complex of complement may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. C5b-9 complexes colocalize with the extracellular lipid in the aortic intima of hypercholesterolemic rabbits, and C6-deficient rabbits develop less atherosclerosis than controls. To test the role of complement in atherosclerosis in a different animal model, C5 deficient (C5def) mice were cross-bred with atherosclerosis susceptible apoE(-/-) mice, generating mice deficient in both apoE and C5 and control apoE(-/-) mice. Progeny were typed for C5 titer and serum cholesterol levels. Both male and female mice were fed a high fat diet from weaning until 22 weeks of age. At that time there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol or triglycerides between apoE(-/-) control and apoE(-/-)/C5def groups. Morphometric analysis of the aortic root lesions gave mean (+/-SEM) lesion areas for male apoE(-/-) and apoE(-/-)/C5def mice of 468,176 +/- 21,982 and 375,182 +/- 53,089 microm(2), respectively (n = 10 each, P value = 0.123). In female apoE(-/-) mice (n = 5), the mean lesion area was 591,981 +/- 53,242 microm(2), compared to 618,578 +/- 83,457 microm(2) for female apoE(-/-)/C5def mice (n = 10) (P value = 0.835). Thus neither male nor female mice showed a significant change in lesion area when C5 was not present. In contrast to the case in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit, activation of the terminal complex of complement does not play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY80W-120, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a very old group of prokaryotic organisms that produce a variety of secondary metabolites with antibiotic, algicide, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive and enzyme inhibiting activities. In the last decades structures of pure compounds have been determined as phenols, peptides, alkaloids or terpenoids (Falch, 1996). Screening of lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from cultured cyanobacteria or waterbloom material, isolated from German lakes and the Baltic sea for antiviral, antibiotic, immunomodulating and enzyme inhibiting activity in different in vitro systems revealed strains with interesting effects. These strains were cultivated in 45 litre photobioreactors to produce enough biomass for bioassay-guided isolation of the active substances. First results characterising active substances are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Mortiz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Sparrow CP, Burton CA, Hernandez M, Mundt S, Hassing H, Patel S, Rosa R, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wang PR, Zhang D, Peterson L, Detmers PA, Chao YS, Wright SD. Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic activities independent of plasma cholesterol lowering. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:115-21. [PMID: 11145942 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, such as simvastatin, lower circulating cholesterol levels and prevent myocardial infarction. Several studies have shown an unexpected effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on inflammation. Here, we confirm that simvastatin is anti-inflammatory by using a classic model of inflammation: carrageenan-induced foot pad edema. Simvastatin administered orally to mice 1 hour before carrageenan injection significantly reduced the extent of edema. Simvastatin was comparable to indomethacin in this model. To determine whether the anti-inflammatory activity of simvastatin might affect atherogenesis, simvastatin was tested in mice deficient in apoE. Mice were dosed daily for 6 weeks with simvastatin (100 mg/kg body wt). Simvastatin did not alter plasma lipids. Atherosclerosis was quantified through the measurement of aortic cholesterol content. Aortas from control mice (n=20) contained 56+/-4 nmol total cholesterol/mg wet wt tissue, 38+/-2 nmol free cholesterol/mg, and 17+/-2 nmol cholesteryl ester/mg. Simvastatin (n=22) significantly (P<0.02) decreased these 3 parameters by 23%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Histology of the atherosclerotic lesions showed that simvastatin did not dramatically alter lesion morphology. These data support the hypothesis that simvastatin has antiatherosclerotic activity beyond its plasma cholesterol-lowering activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Sparrow
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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Detmers PA, Hernandez M, Mudgett J, Hassing H, Burton C, Mundt S, Chun S, Fletcher D, Card DJ, Lisnock J, Weikel R, Bergstrom JD, Shevell DE, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Sparrow CP, Chao YS, Rader DJ, Wright SD, Puré E. Deficiency in inducible nitric oxide synthase results in reduced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Immunol 2000; 165:3430-5. [PMID: 10975863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) present in human atherosclerotic plaques could contribute to the inflammatory process of plaque development. The role of iNOS in atherosclerosis was tested directly by evaluating the development of lesions in atherosclerosis-susceptible apolipoprotein E (apoE)-/- mice that were also deficient in iNOS. ApoE-/- and iNOS-/- mice were cross-bred to produce apoE-/-/iNOS-/- mice and apoE-/-/iNOS+/+ controls. Males and females were placed on a high fat diet at the time of weaning, and atherosclerosis was evaluated at two time points by different methods. The deficiency in iNOS had no effect on plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, or nitrate levels. Morphometric measurement of lesion area in the aortic root at 16 wk showed a 30-50% reduction in apoE-/-/iNOS-/- mice compared with apoE-/-/iNOS+/+ mice. Although the size of the lesions in apoE-/-/iNOS-/- mice was reduced, the lesions maintained a ratio of fibrotic:foam cell-rich:necrotic areas that was similar to controls. Biochemical measurements of aortic cholesterol in additional groups of mice at 22 wk revealed significant 45-70% reductions in both male and female apoE-/-/iNOS-/- mice compared with control mice. The results indicate that iNOS contributes to the size of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice, perhaps through a direct effect at the site of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Detmers
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Wright SD, Burton C, Hernandez M, Hassing H, Montenegro J, Mundt S, Patel S, Card DJ, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Bergstrom JD, Sparrow CP, Detmers PA, Chao YS. Infectious agents are not necessary for murine atherogenesis. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1437-42. [PMID: 10770809 PMCID: PMC2193142 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.8.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has revealed correlations between bacterial or viral infections and atherosclerotic disease. One particular bacterium, Chlamydia pneumoniae, has been observed at high frequency in human atherosclerotic lesions, prompting the hypothesis that infectious agents may be necessary for the initiation or progression of atherosclerosis. To determine if responses to gram-negative bacteria are necessary for atherogenesis, we first bred atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein (apo) E(-/)- (deficient) mice with animals incapable of responding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Atherogenesis was unaffected in doubly deficient animals. We further tested the role of infectious agents by creating a colony of germ-free apo E(-/)- mice. These animals are free of all microbial agents (bacterial, viral, and fungal). Atherosclerosis in germ-free animals was not measurably different from that in animals raised with ambient levels of microbial challenge. These studies show that infection is not necessary for murine atherosclerosis and that, unlike peptic ulcer, Koch's postulates cannot be fulfilled for any infectious agent in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Wright
- Department of Lipid Biochemsitry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Abstract
Hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of twelve cyanobacterial strains, isolated from fresh and brackish water, and two waterblooms, collected during the summer from the Baltic Sea, were investigated for their antibiotic activities against seven microorganisms. No inhibitory effects were found against the three Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens and the yeast Candida maltosa. Of all cyanobacterial samples, extracts from seven species inhibited the growth of at least one of the Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus flavus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. M. flavus proved to be the most sensitive bacterium in the agar diffusion test system. In particular, the hexane and dichlormethane extracts showed antimicrobial effects. But only one water extract, prepared from material of a natural waterbloom, was found to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kreitlow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany.
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Sendler K, Lendl C, Henke I, Otto K, Matis U, Mundt S, Erhardt W. [Anesthesia in cats using tiletamine/zolazepam in minimal doses]. Tierarztl Prax 1994; 22:286-90. [PMID: 8048040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The object of this study was to evaluate minimal dose anesthesia with Tiletamine/Zolazepam for castration, dental treatments and other minor surgical procedures in cats. The study included 264 cats treated either at the Department of Veterinary Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich or under private practice conditions, in a small animal clinic in Hamburg (Germany). The drug dose needed for anesthesia for a 10 minute surgical procedure was calculated in each case using a formula. Side effects that occurred with doses recommended by the manufacturer could not be eliminated by decreasing the drug dose, but could be reduced considerably in severity and duration. Tiletamine/Zolazepam was found to be a useful drug for short anesthesia in cats at an average dose of 4.2 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sendler
- Chirurgischen Tierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Mundt S, Lesnau A, Adrian V, Fischer U, Teuscher E. [Substances from cyanobacteria--potential virostatics?]. Pharmazie 1991; 46:612-3. [PMID: 1798723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Fachrichtung Pharmazie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Department of Pharmacy, Greifswald
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Effmert U, Mundt S, Krause E, Teuscher E. [The immunosuppressive action of contents of Oscillatoria redekai van GOOR (Cyanphyceae)]. Pharmazie 1991; 46:59. [PMID: 1907011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Effmert
- Fachrichtung Pharmazie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald
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Mundt S, Teuscher E. [Blue algae as a source of pharmacologically active compounds]. Pharmazie 1988; 43:809-15. [PMID: 3150061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Sektion Pharmazie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
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Mundt S, Buthut U, Teuscher E. [Cultivated aortic cells--demonstration of muscarinic receptors and reaction behavior in the presence of acetylcholine]. Pharmazie 1988; 43:118-20. [PMID: 3393578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using the muscarinic ligand 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate the presence of muscarinic receptors on cells isolated from aortas of newborn rats and cultivated for 6 d could be shown. The number of receptors per cell was estimated with 17,400 on cells of confluent and with 87,100 on cells of nonconfluent cultures. Incubation of cells with increasing concentrations of acetylcholine in the range of 10(-13)-10(-7) mol.l-1 resulted in the reaction of growing numbers of cells following the all-or-nothing-law. Physiological concentrations of acetylcholine lead to contractions, showing that dilatations of blood vessels after application of acetylcholine in situ are caused by reaction products of endothelial cells, being absent in the cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mundt
- Sektion Pharmazie der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
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Abstract
In order to contribute to the verification of the hypothesis of Furchgott et al. that the effect of acetylcholine on blood vessels is mediated by factors produced by endothelial cells, the authors tried to provide evidence for the existence of muscarinic receptors on these cells. Using cultivated cells of the endothelium of calve aortas, a specific saturable binding of the potent muscarinic antagonist 3H-Quinuclidinyl benzilate and therewith the existence of muscarinic receptors on the cells could be demonstrated. Long time cultivation leads to the disappearance of the receptors.
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Mundt S, Teuscher E. [The muscarinic-cholinergic receptors of cultured heart cells]. Pharmazie 1984; 39:712. [PMID: 6522454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bickhardt K, Mundt S. [On quantitative alpha amylase determination in the serum and pancreas of swine, healthy and suffering from hog cholera]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1965; 12:691-708. [PMID: 4957329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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