1
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Fu L, Yang S, Zhang DH. Neural network potential energy surfaces and dipole moment surfaces for SO 2(H 2O) and SO 2(H 2O) 2 complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22804-22812. [PMID: 37584113 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Full-dimensional, ab initio-based many-body potential energy surfaces and dipole moment surfaces constructed using the neural network method for SO2(H2O)n (n = 1,2) complexes are reported. The database of the SO2 1-body PES, SO2(H2O) 2-body PES and SO2(H2O)2 3-body PES consists of 11 952, 79 882 and 84 159 ab initio energies, respectively. All 1-body energies were calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS(AVTZ:AVQZ) level and all 2,3-body energies were calculated at the DSD-PBEP86/AVTZ level. The database of DMSs is the same as that of PESs and all dipole moments were calculated at the MP2/AVTZ level. Harmonic frequencies and dissociation energies of SO2(H2O) and SO2(H2O)2 were calculated on these PESs and compared with ab initio results to examine the fidelity of these PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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3
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Wang C, Fu L, Yang S, Zheng H, Wang T, Gao J, Su M, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Li G, Zhang DH, Jiang L, Yang X. Infrared Spectroscopy of Stepwise Hydration Motifs of Sulfur Dioxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5654-5659. [PMID: 35708351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental characterization of microscopic events and behaviors of SO2-H2O interactions is crucial to understanding SO2 atmospheric chemistry but has been proven to be very challenging due to the difficulty in size selection. Here, size-dependent development of SO2 hydrate structure and cluster growth in the SO2(H2O)n (n = 1-16) complexes was probed by infrared spectroscopy based on threshold photoionization using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. Spectral changes with cluster size demonstrate that the sandwich structure initially formed at n = 1 develops into cycle structures with the sulfur and oxygen atoms in a two-dimensional plane (n = 2 and 3) and then into three-dimensional cage structures (n ≥ 4). SO2 is favorably bound to the surface of larger water clusters. These stepwise features of SO2 hydration on various sized water clusters contribute to understanding the reactive sites and electrophilicity of SO2 on cloud droplets, which may have important atmospheric implications for studying the SO2-containing aerosol systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangfei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Gladich I, Lin C, Sinopoli A, Francisco JS. Uptake and hydration of sulfur dioxide on dry and wet hydroxylated silica surfaces: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:172-179. [PMID: 34878450 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a first-principles molecular dynamics study on the uptake and hydration of sulfur dioxide on the dry and wet fully hydroxylated surfaces of (0001) α-quartz, which are a proxy for suspended silica dust in the atmosphere. The average adsorption energy for SO2 is about -10 kcal mol-1 on both dry and wet surfaces. The adsorption is driven by hydrogen bond formation between SO2 and the interfacial hydroxyl groups (on dry silica), or with water molecules (in the wet case). In the dry system, we report an additional electrostatic interaction between the interfacial hydroxyl oxygen and the sulfur atom, which further stabilizes the adsorbate. On dry silica, the interfacial hydroxyl group coordinates to SO2 yielding a surface bound bisulfite (Si-SO3H) complex. On the wet surface, SO2 reacts with water forming bisulfite (HSO3-), and the latter remains solvated inside the adsorbed water layer. The hydration barrier for sulfur dioxide is 1 kcal mol-1 and 3 kcal mol-1 on dry and wet silica, respectively, while for the backward reaction (i.e., bisulfite to SO2) the barrier is 6 kcal mol-1 on both surfaces. The modest backward barrier rationalizes earlier experimental findings showing no SO2 uptake on silica. These results underline the importance of the surface hydroxylation and/or adsorbed water layers for the SO2 uptake and its hydration on silica. Moreover, the hydration to bisulfite may prevent direct SO2 photochemistry and be an additional source of sulfate; this is especially relevant in atmospheres subject to a high level of suspended mineral dust, intense solar radiation and atmospheric oxidizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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5
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Venkataramanan NS. Electronic structure, stability, and cooperativity of chalcogen bonding in sulfur dioxide and hydrated sulfur dioxide clusters: a DFT study and wave functional analysis. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Hao Z, Li F, Liu R, Zhou X, Mu Y, Sharma VK, Liu J, Jiang G. Reduction of Ionic Silver by Sulfur Dioxide as a Source of Silver Nanoparticles in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5569-5578. [PMID: 33683864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via biotic and abiotic pathways in water and soil media contributes to the biogeochemical cycle of silver metal in the environment. However, the formation of AgNPs in the atmosphere has not been reported. Here, we describe a previously unreported source of AgNPs via the reduction of Ag(I) by SO2 in the atmosphere, especially in moist environments, using multipronged advanced analytical and surface techniques. The rapid reduction of Ag(I) in the atmospheric aqueous phase was mainly caused by the sulfite ions formed from the dissolution of SO2 in water, which contributed to the formation of AgNPs and was consistent with the Finke-Watzky model with a major contribution of the reduction-nucleation process. Sunlight irradiation excited SO2 to form triplet SO2, which reacted with water to form H2SO3 and greatly enhanced Ag(I) reduction and AgNP formation. Different pH values affected the speciation of Ag(I) and S(IV), which were jointly involved in the reduction of Ag(I). The formation of AgNPs was also observed in the atmospheric gas phase via direct reduction of Ag(I) by SO2(gas), which occurred even in 50 ppbv SO2(gas). The natural occurrence of AgNPs in the atmosphere may also be involved in silver corrosion, AgNP transformation and regeneration, detoxification of gaseous pollutants, and the sulfur cycle in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fasong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246011, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, 1266 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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7
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Wang S, Zeng XC, Li H, Francisco JS. A possible unaccounted source of atmospheric sulfate formation: amine-promoted hydrolysis and non-radical oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2093-2102. [PMID: 32190276 PMCID: PMC7059313 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous field and laboratory studies have shown that amines, especially dimethylamine (DMA), are crucial to atmospheric particulate nucleation. However, the molecular mechanism by which amines lead to atmospheric particulate formation is still not fully understood. Herein, we show that DMA molecules can also promote the conversion of atmospheric SO2 to sulfate. Based on ab initio simulations, we find that in the presence of DMA, the originally endothermic and kinetically unfavourable hydrolysis reaction between gaseous SO2 and water vapour can become both exothermic and kinetically favourable. The resulting product, bisulfite NH2(CH3)2 +·HSO3 -, can be readily oxidized by ozone under ambient conditions. Kinetic analysis suggests that the hydrolysis rate of SO2 and DMA with water vapour becomes highly competitive with and comparable to the rate of the reaction between SO2 and OH·, especially under the conditions of heavily polluted air and high humidity. We also find that the oxidants NO2 and N2O5 (whose role in sulfate formation is still under debate) appear to play a much less significant role than ozone in the aqueous oxidation reaction of SO2. The newly identified oxidation mechanism of SO2 promoted by both DMA and O3 provides another important new source of sulfate formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA 68588 .
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA 19104 .
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8
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Misiewicz JP, Moore KB, Franke PR, Morgan WJ, Turney JM, Douberly GE, Schaefer HF. Sulfurous and sulfonic acids: Predicting the infrared spectrum and setting the surface straight. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P. Misiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kevin B. Moore
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Peter R. Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - W. James Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Gary E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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9
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Lee ZR, Zhang S, Flores LA, Dixon DA. Predicting the Formation of Sulfur-Based Brønsted Acids from the Reactions of SOx with H2O and H2S. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10169-10183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Luis A. Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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10
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Wang R, Yao Q, Wen M, Tian S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yu X, Shao X, Chen L. Catalytic effect of (H2O)n (n = 1–3) clusters on the HO2 + SO2 → HOSO + 3O2 reaction under tropospheric conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16195-16207. [PMID: 35521394 PMCID: PMC9064368 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HO2 + SO2 → HOSO + 3O2 reaction without and with (H2O)n (n = 1–3) have been investigated using CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ methods, and canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Xianzhao Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics
- Institute of Earth Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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11
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Martins-Costa MTC, Anglada JM, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photochemistry of SO 2 at the Air-Water Interface: A Source of OH and HOSO Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12341-12344. [PMID: 30226769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of sulfur dioxide in the near UV-vis energy range has been studied in aqueous environments. The combination of previously reported experimental measurements with accurate quantum chemical calculations achieved in this work reveals that the process represents an important source of OH radicals in the troposphere. It implicates the reaction of the lowest triplet excited state of SO2 with a water molecule. When the process occurs in the gas-phase, photochemical OH production is only significant under high humidity conditions and high SO2 concentrations as those measured in polluted urban areas. However, the OH production rate increases by several orders of magnitude when the process takes place at the surface of water droplets. The present study indicates therefore that the atmospheric importance of sulfur dioxide goes beyond its well-known role as acid rain and aerosol formation precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques , UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine , BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica (IQAC-CSIC) , c/Jordi Girona 18 , E-08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- College of Arts and Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , 1223 Oldfather Hall Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0312 , United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques , UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine , BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
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12
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Lv G, Nadykto AB, Sun X, Zhang C, Xu Y. Towards understanding the role of amines in the SO 2 hydration and the contribution of the hydrated product to new particle formation in the Earth's atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:275-285. [PMID: 29702347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By theoretical calculations, the gas-phase SO2 hydration reaction assisted by methylamine (MA) and dimethylamine (DMA) was investigated, and the potential contribution of the hydrated product to new particle formation (NPF) also was evaluated. The results show that the energy barrier for aliphatic amines (MA and DMA) assisted SO2 hydration reaction is lower than the corresponding that of water and ammonia assisted SO2 hydration. In these hydration reactions, nearly barrierless reaction (only a barrier of 0.1 kcal mol-1) can be found in the case of SO2 + 2H2O + DMA. These lead us to conclude that the SO2 hydration reaction assisted by MA and DMA is energetically facile. The temporal evolution for hydrated products (CH3NH3+-HSO3--H2O or (CH3)2NH2+-HSO3--H2O) in molecular dynamics simulations indicates that these complexes can self-aggregate into bigger clusters and can absorb water and amine molecules, which means that these hydrated products formed by the hydration reaction may serve as a condensation nucleus to initiate the NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Alexey B Nadykto
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Moscow State University of Technology "Stankin", Vadkovsky 1, Moscow, 127055, Russia
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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13
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Gimeno-Prat A, Cortés-Sanchón A, Martín A, Baya M, Casas JM. Platinum-mediated monohydration of SO 2. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16846-16849. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The monohydration of SO2 has been achieved in solution mediated by a platinum-aquo complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gimeno-Prat
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Adrián Cortés-Sanchón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - José M. Casas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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14
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Zhong J, Zhu C, Li L, Richmond GL, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Interaction of SO2 with the Surface of a Water Nanodroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17168-17174. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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15
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Liu J, Fang S, Bing Q, Tao FM, Liu JY. Theoretical study of the auto-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of sulfur dioxide. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Lee SM, Sung EM. Theoretical Study of Acetic Acid-Sulfur Dioxide Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2015. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2015.59.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Sinha RK, Scuderi D, Maitre P, Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. Elusive Sulfurous Acid: Gas-Phase Basicity and IR Signature of the Protonated Species. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1605-1610. [PMID: 26263321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ion corresponding to protonated sulfurous acid, H3SO3(+), has been successfully delivered into the gas phase by electrospray ionization of the solution of a suitable precursor and an in-source fragmentation process. The neutral acid is a highly elusive molecule. However, its gas-phase basicity has been ascertained by means of a kinetic study of proton-transfer reactivity. The structure of the H3SO3(+) sampled ion has been probed by IRMPD spectroscopy in two complementary IR frequency ranges in conjunction with density functional theory calculations and found to conform to a trihydroxosulfonium ion. The characteristic IR signatures may aid in deciphering the presence of this species in extraterrestrial atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- ∥Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka, India
| | - Debora Scuderi
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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18
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Liu J, Fang S, Liu W, Wang M, Tao FM, Liu JY. Mechanism of the Gaseous Hydrolysis Reaction of SO2: Effects of NH3 versus H2O. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:102-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5086075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, United States
| | - Jing-yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Bruna P, Decken A, Grein F, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM, Richardson S, Whidden T. Synthesis of [N(CH3)4]2O3SOSO2(s) and [N(CH3)4]2[(O2SO)2SO2]·SO2(s) containing (SO4)(SO2)x(2-) x = 1, 2, members of a new class of sulfur oxydianions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7193-202. [PMID: 23734691 DOI: 10.1021/ic400805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One mole equivalent of SO2 reversibly reacts with [N(CH3)4]2SO4(s) to give [N(CH3)4]2S2O6(s) (1) containing the [O3SOSO2](2-), shown by Raman and IR to be an isomer of the [O3SSO3](2-) dianion. The experimental and calculated (B3PW91/6-311+G(3df)) vibrational spectra are in excellent agreement, and the IR spectrum is similar to that of the isoelectronic O3ClOClO2. Crystals of [N(CH3)4]2(O2SO)2SO2·SO2 (2) were isolated from solutions of [N(CH3)4]2SO4 in liquid SO2. The X-ray structure showed that 2 contained the [(O2SO)2SO2](2-) dianion. The characterized N(CH3)4(+) salts 1 and 2 are the first two members of the (SO4)(SO2)x(2-) class of sulfur oxydianions analogous to the well-known small cation salts of the SO4(SO3)x(2-) polysulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bruna
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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20
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Young NA. Main group coordination chemistry at low temperatures: A review of matrix isolated Group 12 to Group 18 complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Shamay ES, Valley NA, Moore FG, Richmond GL. Staying hydrated: the molecular journey of gaseous sulfur dioxide to a water surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6893-902. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Vchirawongkwin V, Pornpiganon C, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Rode BM. The Stability of Bisulfite and Sulfonate Ions in Aqueous Solution Characterized by Hydration Structure and Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305648e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viwat Vchirawongkwin
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chokchai Pornpiganon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinapong Kritayakornupong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Anan Tongraar
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck,
Austria
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23
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Ota ST, Richmond GL. Chilling out: a cool aqueous environment promotes the formation of gas-surface complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7497-508. [PMID: 21520889 DOI: 10.1021/ja201027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SO(2), an important atmospheric pollutant, has been implicated in environmental phenomena such as acid rain, climate change, and cloud formation. In addition, SO(2) is fundamentally interesting because it forms spectroscopically identifiable complexes with water at aqueous surfaces. Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) is used here to further investigate the mechanism by which SO(2) adsorbs to water at tropospherically relevant temperatures (0-23 °C). The spectral results lead to two important conclusions. SO(2) surface affinity is enhanced at colder temperatures, with nearly all of the topmost water molecules showing evidence of binding to SO(2) at 0 °C as compared to a much lower fraction at room temperature. This surface adsorption results in significant changes in water orientation at the surface, but is reversible at the temperatures examined here. Second, the SO(2) complex formation at aqueous surfaces is independent of aqueous solution acidity. One challenge in previous uptake studies was the ability to distinguish between the effects of surface adsorption as compared to bulk accommodation. The surface and vibrational specificity of these studies make this distinction possible, allowing a selective study of how the aqueous properties temperature and pH influence SO(2) surface affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Ota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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24
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Moin ST, Lim LHV, Hofer TS, Randolf BR, Rode BM. Sulfur Dioxide in Water: Structure and Dynamics Studied by an Ab Initio Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3379-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Tarique Moin
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Len Herald V. Lim
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard R. Randolf
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Keller JW, Harrod BL, Chowdhury SA. Theoretical study of formic acid-sulfur dioxide dimers. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13182-8. [PMID: 21117658 DOI: 10.1021/jp1076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first theoretical study of noncovalent and covalent interactions in formic acid (FA)-SO(2) complexes. Using ab initio and DFT model chemistries, five stable noncovalent complexes were identified, as well as a covalent adduct, formic sulfurous anhydride HOSO(2)CHO. syn-FA is predicted to form two nonplanar bidentate complexes with SO(2): the more stable one contains a normal hydrogen bond donated by OH, and the less stable one contains a blue-shifted hydrogen bond donated by CH. Both are stabilized by charge transfer from FA to SO(2). anti-FA forms three planar complexes of nearly equal energy containing OH-to-SO(2) hydrogen bonds. Formic sulfurous anhydride forms via an endothermic concerted cycloaddition. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that the bidentate SO(2)-FA complexes are stabilized by n → π* donation from FA to SO(2), and back-donation from SO(2) n and π* orbitals into FA σ(OH)* or σ(CH)* orbitals. The bidentate formic acid-SO(2) complex that contains an O-H···O hydrogen bond is more stable than the similar nitric acid-SO(2) complex. The latter contains a stronger hydrogen bond but shows no O→S charge transfer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States.
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26
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Steudel R, Steudel Y. Reversal of the relative stability of the isomeric radicals HSO and HOS upon hydration and their reactions with ozone. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4437-45. [PMID: 20218592 DOI: 10.1021/jp912012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The radical HSO is an oxidation product of pollutants such as H(2)S and CH(3)SH in Earth's atmosphere. For the first time, the interaction of HSO and its tautomer HOS with single water molecules to yield the hydrates HSO.nH(2)O and HOS.nH(2)O was studied for n = 1-3, applying the high-level G3X(MP2) theory. A large number of structures corresponding to local minima on the potential energy surfaces has been identified. While gaseous HSO is more stable than HOS, the enthalpy diffference between HSO.nH(2)O and HOS.nH(2)O decreases with increasing degree of hydration and becomes practically zero for n = 3. Thus, in aqueous solution as well as in fog and rain droplets, HOS is expected to compete with HSO. The barrier for the tautomerization of HSO to HOS is dramatically lowered by the presence of water molecules since a cyclic transition state allows a concerted proton shift within the system of neighboring hydrogen bonds. The corresponding activation enthalpy of only 73.5 kJ mol(-1) predicted for the transformation of HSO.2H(2)O into HOS.2H(2)O may be compared to the 202 kJ mol(-1) reported for the tautomerization of the unhydrated gaseous HSO/HOS molecules. The impact of water of hydration on the fundamental vibrational modes of HSO and HOS has also been studied. Furthermore, HOS is predicted to dimerize at low temperatures to give two van der Waals molecules with singlet (symmetry C(2)) or triplet configuration (symmetry C(2h)), the latter being more stable than the singlet isomer. The disproportionation of 2HSO to H(2)S and SO(2) is predicted to be exothermic by -263.5 kJ mol(-1). The reaction of HSO with ozone to HSO(2) and O(2) is also strongly exothermic by -274.0 kJ mol(-1) and seems to proceed without any barrier. HOS forms a 1:1 van der Waals complex with O(3); the redox reaction of its two components is calculated as exothermic by -410.9 kJ mol(-1) and results in a rather stable adduct between HOSO and O(2) with the structure of a peroxo isomer of HOSO(3). This unprecedented hydrogen peroxosulfite radical might open a novel route to atmospheric sulfate without the intermediate formation of SO(2) and SO(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Steudel
- Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C2, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Kahan TF, Ardura D, Donaldson DJ. Mechanism of Aqueous-Phase Ozonation of S(IV). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2164-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9085156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara F. Kahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Diego Ardura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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28
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Steudel R, Steudel Y. Derivatives of cysteine related to the thiosulfate metabolism of sulfur bacteria by the multi-enzyme complex “Sox”—studied by B3LYP-PCM and G3X(MP2) calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:630-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b917569p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Steudel R, Steudel Y. Microsolvation of Thiosulfuric Acid and Its Tautomeric Anions [HSSO3]− and [SSO2(OH)]− Studied by B3LYP-PCM and G3X(MP2) Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9920-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Steudel
- Institut für Chemie, Sekretariat C2, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yana Steudel
- Institut für Chemie, Sekretariat C2, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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