1
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Ahmad M, Tranchant MJ, Comesse S, Saffon-Merceron N, Pilmé J, Lakhdar S, Chataigner I, Dalla V, Taillier C. Unlocking the C-centered ring-opening of phosphiranium ions for a straightforward entry to functionalized phosphines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8554. [PMID: 39362940 PMCID: PMC11449923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus chemistry occupies a pivotal position in contemporary organic chemistry but significant synthetic challenges still endure. In this report, a class of electrophilic phosphiranium salts, bearing fluorinated benzyl quaternizing groups, is introduced for the direct synthesis of diversely β-functionalized phosphines. We show that, in comparison with regular quaternary phosphiranium salts, these species display the sought balance of excellent stability and high electrophilic reactivity that allow the unlocking of the C-centered ring-opening reactions with different classes of weak nitrogen-, sulfur- and oxygen protic nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | | | - Sébastien Comesse
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Service Diffraction des Rayons X, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Julien Pilmé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR7616, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR7616, 75005, Paris, France
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Dalla
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - Catherine Taillier
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, France.
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2
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Espinosa Ferao A. Deoxygenation of Oxiranes by λ 3 σ 3 -Phosphorus Reagents: A Computational, Mechanistic, and Stereochemical Study. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300474. [PMID: 37782574 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The deoxygenation of parent and substituted oxiranes by λ3 σ3 -phosphorus reagents has been explored in detail, therefore unveiling mechanistic aspects as well as regio- and stereochemical consequences. Attack to a ring C atom is almost always preferred over one-step deoxygenation by direct P-to-O attack. In most cases a carbene transfer occurs as first step, leading to a phosphorane and a carbonyl unit that thereafter react in the usual Wittig fashion via the corresponding λ5 σ5 -1,2-oxaphosphetane intermediate. Betaines rarely constitute true minima after the first C-attack to oxiranes, at least in the gas-phase. Use of the heavier derivatives AsMe3 and SbMe3 as oxirane deoxygenating reagents was also mechanistically studied. The thermodynamic tendency of λ3 σ3 -phosphorus reagents to act as oxygen (O-attack) or carbene acceptors (C-attack) was theoretically studied by means of the thermodynamic oxygen-transfer potential (TOP) and the newly defined thermodynamic carbene-transfer potential (TCP) parameters, that were explored in a wider context together with many other acceptor centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Gleim F, Schnakenburg G, Ferao AE, Streubel R. Arbuzov meets 1,2-oxaphosphetanes: transient 1,2-oxaphosphetan-2-iums as an entry point to beta-halo phosphane oxides and P-containing oligomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2625-2628. [PMID: 38334361 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of a 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetane from ethylene oxide and its reactions with alkyl halides to form β-halo phosphane oxides in an Arbuzov-type reaction. When methyl triflate was used as a hard electrophile, cationic oligomerisation of 1,2-oxaphosphetanes was observed. DFT calculations indicate 1,2-oxaphosphetan-2-iums as intermediates and reveal differences between the Arbuzov and the potential Perkow reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gleim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Espinosa Ferao A, Rey Planells A. Ring Strain Energy of Diheteropnictogeniranes El 2 Pn (Pn=N, P, As, Sb)- Accurate versus Additive Approaches. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302243. [PMID: 37602558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate ring strain energy (RSE) values for sixty-six parent pnictogeniranes having two other identical p-block elements, El2 Pn, have been reported. A decrease in RSE was observed to correlate with an increase in the p character of the AO used in endocyclic bonds, which is particularly remarkable on descending the groups 15 and 16. The latter also parallels higher -NICS(1) values, which seems not to be related with an increase in aromaticity, as pointed out by other NICS-related criteria, but to atom-centred diatropic currents mostly arising from the presence of lone pairs. Only in case of pnictogenaditrieliranes Tr2 Pn (Tr=B, Al, Ga), the decrease of -NICS(1) is related to a lower Hückel-type 2π-electron aromaticity on descending group 13. The use of an additive methodology based on atom-strain contributions enables estimation of RSEs for a large majority of all possible three-membered rings containing group 13-16 elements with modest accuracy (RMSE=4.371 kcal/mol), that could be remarkably improved by using bond-strain contributions (RMSE=1.183 kcal/mol) instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia Faculty of Chemistry, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia Rey Planells
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia Faculty of Chemistry, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Faßbender J, Volk N, García Alcaraz A, Balasubramaniam S, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. The quest for unligated oxaphosphiranes with phosphorus in different coordination numbers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1285-1288. [PMID: 36601720 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After more than 160 years of oxirane (epoxide) chemistry, the first derivative of a phosphorus analogue, namely oxaphosphirane, has been synthesized. Reactions with borane sulfane, a peroxy compound and elemental sulfur, as well as tetra-chloro-ortho-benzoquinone (TOB) reveal a significant destabilization upon increasing the coordination number at phosphorus from σ3 to σ4, thus somehow supporting previous reports on such fleeting species. Theoretical studies provide insight into ring strain energy, ring/ring interconversion and the oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Faßbender
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Niklas Volk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio García Alcaraz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Hansen T, Nin-Hill A, Codée JDC, Hamlin TA, Rovira C. Rational Tuning of the Reactivity of Three-Membered Heterocycle Ring Openings via S N 2 Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201649. [PMID: 35896443 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule covalent inhibitors and probes continuously pushes the rapidly evolving field of chemical biology forward. A key element in these molecular tool compounds is the "electrophilic trap" that allows a covalent linkage with the target enzyme. The reactivity of this entity needs to be well balanced to effectively trap the desired enzyme, while not being attacked by off-target nucleophiles. Here we investigate the intrinsic reactivity of substrates containing a class of widely used electrophilic traps, the three-membered heterocycles with a nitrogen (aziridine), phosphorus (phosphirane), oxygen (epoxide) or sulfur atom (thiirane) as heteroatom. Using quantum chemical approaches, we studied the conformational flexibility and nucleophilic ring opening of a series of model substrates, in which these electrophilic traps are mounted on a cyclohexene scaffold (C6 H10 Y with Y=NH, PH, O, S). It was revealed that the activation energy of the ring opening does not necessarily follow the trend that is expected from C-Y leaving-group bond strength, but steeply decreases from Y=NH, to PH, to O, to S. We illustrate that the HOMONu -LUMOSubstrate interaction is an all-important factor for the observed reactivity. In addition, we show that the activation energy of aziridines and phosphiranes can be tuned far below that of the corresponding epoxides and thiiranes by the addition of proper electron-withdrawing ring substituents. Our results provide mechanistic insights to rationally tune the reactivity of this class of popular electrophilic traps and can guide the experimental design of covalent inhibitors and probes for enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) &, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Alba Nin-Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) &, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The, Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) &, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08020, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ott A, Nagy PR, Benkő Z. Stability of Carbocyclic Phosphinyl Radicals: Effect of Ring Size, Delocalization, and Sterics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16266-16281. [PMID: 36197796 PMCID: PMC9583709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In this computational study, we report on the stability
of cyclic
phosphinyl radicals with an aim for a systematical assessment of stabilization
effects. The radical stabilization energies (RSEs) were calculated
using isodesmic reactions for a large number of carbocyclic radicals
possessing different ring sizes and grades of unsaturation. In general,
the RSE values range from −1.2 to −14.0 kcal·mol–1, and they show practically no correlation with the
spin populations at the P-centers. The RSE values correlate with the
reaction Gibbs free energies calculated for the dimerization of the
studied simple radicals. Therefore, the more easily accessible RSE
values offer a cost-effective estimation of global stability in a
straightforward manner. To explore the effect of unsaturation on the
RSE values, delocalization energies were determined using appropriate
isodesmic reactions. Introducing unsaturations beside the P-center
into the backbone of the rings leads to an additive increase in the
magnitude of the delocalization energy (∼10, 20, and 30 kcal·mol–1, respectively, for radicals with one, two, and three
C=C bonds in the conjugation). Parallelly, the spin populations
at the P-centers also dwindle gradually by ∼0.1 e in the same
order, indicating that the lone electron delocalizes over the π-system.
Radicals containing exocyclic C=C π-bonds were also investigated,
and all of these radicals have rather similar stabilities independently
of the ring size, outlining the primary importance of the two exocyclic
π-bonds in the conjugation. Among the radicals involved in our
study, those with the best electronic stabilization are the unsaturated
three-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings containing the maximum
number of conjugated vinyl fragments. The largest delocalization energy
of 31.5 kcal·mol–1 and the lowest obtained
spin population of 0.665 e were found for the fully unsaturated seven-membered
radical (phosphepin derivative). Importantly, the electronic stabilization
effects alone are insufficient for stabilizing the radicals in monomeric
forms epitomized by the exothermic dimerization energies (−40
to −58 kcal·mol–1). Therefore, it is
essential to apply sterically demanding bulky substituents on the
α-C-atoms. Tweaking the steric congestion enabled us to propose
radicals that are expected to be stable against dimerization and,
consequently, may be realistic target species for synthetic investigations.
The effects contributing to the stability of radicals having sterically
encumbered substituents have also been explored. To systematically evaluate the stabilization
effects, the
radical stabilization energies of various carbocyclic phosphinyl radicals
having saturated backbones or unsaturation(s) in either endocyclic
or exocyclic manner have been determined and analyzed. As the electronic
stabilization is alone insufficient to hamper the possible dimerization
of these species, the effect of several sterically demanding substituents
has been explored for the congeners with best electronic stabilizations,
thus enabling us to propose synthetically accessible candidates in
the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ott
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter R Nagy
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,ELKH-BME Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Rey Planells A, Espinosa Ferao A. Accurate Ring Strain Energies of Unsaturated Three-Membered Heterocycles with One Group 13-16 Element. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6459-6468. [PMID: 35442022 PMCID: PMC9066411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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High-quality ring
strain energy (RSE) data for 1H-unsaturated (CH)2X parent rings, where X is a group 13–16
element, are reported in addition to the 2H-isomers
of the pnictogenirene rings. RSE data are obtained from appropriate
homosdesmotic reactions and calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP//B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP(ecp)
level. 1H-Tallirene and 1H-plumbirene
have unique donor–acceptor structures between an acetylene
π(CC) orbital and an empty p orbital of a metallylene subunit
(a Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson description) and therefore
cannot be described as proper rings but as pseudocyclic structures.
Also, 1H-indirene and 1H-oxirene
lack ring critical points and constitute borderline cases of pseudorings.
1H-Unsaturated rings exhibit enhanced RSE compared
to their saturated homologues. The mechanism of ring strain relaxation
by increasing the s character in the lone pair (LP) of group 15–16
elements is remarkable and increases on descending the groups. Furthermore,
RSE is affected by the aromatic character of group 13 rings and certain
aromatic or antiaromatic character in group 14 or 15–16 rings,
respectively, which tend to vanish on descending the group as shown
by NICS(1) values. 2H-Unsaturated rings were found
only for group 15 elements (although only 2H-azirine
shows a proper cyclic structure) and displayed lower RSE (higher stability)
than the corresponding 1H-isomers. Accurate ring strain energies (RSE) are
calculated for three-membered
1H-unsaturated rings containing a 13−16 group
element and group 15 2H-isomers. The presence or
absence of lone pairs at the heteroatom and the existence of intrinsic
or residual (anti)aromaticity were shown to affect the RSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rey Planells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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9
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Tipker RM, Muldoon JA, Pham DH, Varga BR, Hughes RP, Glueck DS, Balaich GJ, Rheingold AL. Configurational Lability at Tetrahedral Phosphorus: syn/anti-Isomerization of a P-Stereogenic Phosphiranium Cation by Intramolecular Epimerization at Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110753. [PMID: 34755431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahedral main-group compounds are normally configurationally stable, but P-epimerization of the chiral phosphiranium cations syn- or anti-[Mes*P(Me)CH2 CHPh][OTf] (Mes*=2,4,6-(t-Bu)3 C6 H2 ) occurred under mild conditions at 60 °C in CD2 Cl2 , resulting in isomerization to give a syn-enriched equilibrium mixture. Ion exchange with excess [NBu4 ][Δ-TRISPHAT] (Δ-TRISPHAT=Δ-P(o-C6 Cl4 O2 )3 ) followed by chromatography on silica removed [NBu4 ][OTf] and gave mixtures of syn- and anti-[Mes*P(Me)CH2 CHPh][Δ-TRISPHAT]⋅x[NBu4 ][Δ-TRISPHAT]. NMR spectroscopy showed that isomerization proceeded with epimerization at P and retention at C. DFT calculations are consistent with a mechanism involving P-C cleavage to yield a hyperconjugation-stabilized carbocation, pyramidal inversion promoted by σ-interaction of the P lone pair with the neighboring β-carbocation, and ring closure with inversion of configuration at P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Tipker
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jake A Muldoon
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Daniel H Pham
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Balazs R Varga
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Russell P Hughes
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - David S Glueck
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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10
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Tipker RM, Muldoon JA, Pham DH, Varga BR, Hughes RP, Glueck DS, Balaich GJ, Rheingold AL. Configurational Lability at Tetrahedral Phosphorus:
syn/anti
‐Isomerization of a P‐Stereogenic Phosphiranium Cation by Intramolecular Epimerization at Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Tipker
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Jake A. Muldoon
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Daniel H. Pham
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Balazs R. Varga
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Russell P. Hughes
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - David S. Glueck
- 6128 Burke Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department of Chemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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11
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Volk N, Malik P, Alcaraz AG, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Chemistry of oxaphosphirane complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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García Alcaraz A, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Azaphosphiridines: challenges and perspectives. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7324-7336. [PMID: 33956019 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review describes a broad spectrum of synthetic strategies to access mono- and polycyclic azaphosphiridines; properties and theoretical calculations of free and metal-ligated are discussed. These species are characterized by a highly strained (saturated) CPN ring with three differently polarized endocyclic bonds. The latter causes a high reactivity of aza-phosphiridine complexes towards ring expansion and exchange reactions. Increasing the ring strain leads to masked FLP behaviour, i.e., small molecule activation was observed. New perspectives in homogenous catalysis are also offered, e.g., a pool of novel chiral P-heterocyclic ligands, ready to be explored, if the challenge to unligate them is solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García Alcaraz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhards-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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