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Xu J, Jia L, Lan Q, Wu D. Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cardanol Epoxy/Clay-Based Nanocomposite through Girard's Reagent. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1528. [PMID: 38891475 PMCID: PMC11175116 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The green and environmentally friendly cardanol epoxy resin has a bright application prospect, but its insufficient thermal/mechanical properties seriously hinder its application. Adding nanoclay to polymer matrix is an effective method to enhance the thermal/mechanical properties of material, but the dispersion and compatibility of nanoclay in epoxy resin remain to be solved. In this work, active Girard's reagent clay (PG-clay) and non-active Girard's reagent clay (NG-clay) were prepared by using acethydrazide trimethylammonium chloride (Girard's reagent) as the modifier, and cardanol epoxy resin/G-clay nanocomposites were synthesized by the "clay slurry composite method". The results showed that both PG-clay and NG-clay were dispersed in the epoxy matrix in the form of random exfoliation/intercalation, which effectively improved the thermal/mechanical properties of the composites. Tg of the cardanol epoxy resin has raised from 19.8 °C to 38.1 °C (4 wt.% PG-clay). When the mass fraction of clay is 4%, the tensile strength of the non-reactive NG-clay increases by 128%, and the elongation at break also increases by 101%. Simultaneously, the active PG-clay can participate in the curing reaction of epoxy resin due to the amino group, forming a chemical bond between the clay layer and the resin matrix and establishing a strong interfacial force. The tensile strength of the composite is increased by 970%, and the elongation at break is also increased by 428%. This research demonstrates that the cardanol epoxy resin/G-clay nanocomposite stands as a highly promising candidate for bio-based epoxy resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.X.)
| | - Lingxiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.X.)
| | - Qixin Lan
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Technology, College of Ocean, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.X.)
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2
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Afewerki S, Edlund U. Engineering an All-Biobased Solvent- and Styrene-Free Curable Resin. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:447-456. [PMID: 38107415 PMCID: PMC10722568 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of polymers and materials derived from renewable feedstocks such as biomass is vital to addressing the current climate and environmental challenges. In particular, finding a replacement for current widely used curable resins containing undesired components with both health and environmental issues, such as bisphenol-A and styrene, is of great interest and vital for a sustainable society. In this work, we disclose the preparation and fabrication of an all-biobased curable resin. The devised resin consists of a polyester component based on fumaric acid, itaconic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and reactive diluents acting as both solvents and viscosity enhancers. Importantly, the complete process was performed solvent-free, thus promoting its industrial applications. The cured biobased resin demonstrates very good thermal properties (stable up to 415 °C), the ability to resist deformation based on the high Young's modulus of ∼775 MPa, and chemical resistance based on the swelling index and gel content. We envision the disclosed biobased resin having tailorable properties suitable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Dal Pont B, Gigante V, Panariello L, Canesi I, Aliotta L, Lazzeri A. Investigation of Novel Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composites with Increased Biobased Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4030. [PMID: 37836080 PMCID: PMC10575258 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biobased epoxy resins derived from plant oils and natural fibers are available on the market and are a promising substitute for fossil-based products. The purpose of this work is to investigate novel lightweight thermoset fiber-reinforced composites with extremely high biobased content. Paying attention to the biobased content, following a cascade pathway, many trials were carried out with different types of resins and hardeners to select the best ones. The most promising formulations were then used to produce flax fiber reinforced composites by vacuum bagging process. The main biocomposite properties such as tensile, bending, and impact properties as well as the individuation of their glass transition temperatures (by DSC) were assessed. Three biocomposite systems were investigated with biobased content ranging from 60 to 91%, obtaining an elastic modulus that varied from 2.7 to 6.3 GPa, a flexural strength from 23 to 108.5 MPa, and Charpy impact strength from 11.9 to 12.2 kJ/m2. The properties reached by the new biocomposites are very encouraging; in fact, their stiffness vs. lightweight (calculated by the E/ρ3 ratio) is comparable to some typical epoxy-glass composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Dal Pont
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Ilaria Canesi
- Planet Bioplastics, Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics, Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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4
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Mele G, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. Heterocyclic Compounds from Renewable Resources. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Manarin E, Corsini F, Trano S, Fagiolari L, Amici J, Francia C, Bodoardo S, Turri S, Bella F, Griffini G. Cardanol-Derived Epoxy Resins as Biobased Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Potassium-Ion Conduction. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:3855-3865. [PMID: 35601462 PMCID: PMC9112699 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biobased gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) membranes were developed via the esterification reaction of a cardanol-based epoxy resin with glutaric anhydride, succinic anhydride, and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry was used to assess the optimal curing time and temperature of the formulations, evidencing a process activation energy of ∼65-70 kJ mol-1. A rubbery plateau modulus of 0.65-0.78 MPa and a crosslinking density of 2 × 10-4 mol cm-3 were found through dynamic mechanical analysis. Based on these characteristics, such biobased membranes were tested for applicability as GPEs for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), showing an excellent electrochemical stability toward potassium metal in the -0.2-5 V voltage range and suitable ionic conductivity (10-3 S cm-1) at room temperature. This study demonstrates the practical viability of these biobased materials as efficient GPEs for the fabrication of KIBs, paving the path to increased sustainability in the field of next-generation battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Manarin
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Corsini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Trano
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Fagiolari
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Julia Amici
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Francia
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bodoardo
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Dagdag O, Hsissou R, Safi Z, Hamed O, Jodeh S, Haldhar R, Verma C, Ebenso EE, El Bachiri A, El Gouri M. Viscosity of epoxy resins based on aromatic diamines, glucose, bisphenolic and bio-based derivatives: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Chen S, Han Y, Chen C, Liu H, Zou H. Bio‐based epoxy modified with
nano‐SiO
2
and organosilicon for controlled‐release urea. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songling Chen
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yanyu Han
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Chunyu Chen
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
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8
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Pierau L, Elian C, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Caillol S, Versace DL. Bio-sourced Monomers and Cationic Photopolymerization: The Green combination towards Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Thermal decomposition behavior and flame retardancy of bioepoxies, their blends and composites: A comprehensive review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Makwana K, Ichake AB, Valodkar V, Padmanaban G, Badiger MV, Wadgaonkar PP. Cardol: Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) - Derived Starting Material for the Preparation of Partially Bio-Based Epoxy Resins. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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12
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13
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Quirino RL, Monroe K, Fleischer CH, Biswas E, Kessler MR. Thermosetting polymers from renewable sources. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Quirino
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Khristal Monroe
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Carl H Fleischer
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Eletria Biswas
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Michael R Kessler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA
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14
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Epoxidation of Cardanol's Terminal Double Bond. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092104. [PMID: 32947830 PMCID: PMC7570343 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, the terminal double bonds of the side chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (SCECGE) molecule were further epoxidized in the presence of Oxone® (potassium peroxomonosulfate) and fluorinated acetone. Regular methods for the double bond epoxidation are not effective on the terminal double bonds because of their reduced electronegativity with respect to internal double bonds. The terminal double bond functionality of the SCECGE was epoxidized to nearly 70%, increasing the epoxy functionality of SCECGE from 2.45 to 2.65 epoxies/molecule as measured using proton magnetic nuclear resonance (1H-NMR). This modified material—side chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether with terminal epoxies (TE-SCECGE)—was thermally cured with cycloaliphatic curing agent 4-4′-methylenebis(cyclohexanamine) (PACM) at stoichiometry, and the cured polymer properties, such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and tensile modulus, were compared with SCECGE resin cured with PACM. The Tg of the material was increased from 52 to 69 °C as obtained via a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) while the tensile modulus of the material increased from 0.88 to 1.24 GPa as a result of terminal double bond epoxidation. In addition to highlighting the effects of dangling side groups in an epoxy network, this modest increase in Tg and modulus could be sufficient to significantly expand the potential uses of amine-cured cardanol-based epoxies for fiber reinforced composite applications.
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15
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Wan J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhang J, Hu D, Jin P, Wang DY. Epoxy thermosets and materials derived from bio-based monomeric phenols: Transformations and performances. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Influence of Epoxidized Cardanol Functionality and Reactivity on Network Formation and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091956. [PMID: 32872398 PMCID: PMC7563135 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardanol is a renewable resource based on cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which consists of a phenol ring with a C15 long aliphatic side chain in the meta position with varying degrees of unsaturation. Cardanol glycidyl ether was chemically modified to form side-chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (SCECGE) with an average epoxy functionality of 2.45 per molecule and was cured with petroleum-based epoxy hardeners, 4-4'-methylenebis(cyclohexanamine) and diethylenetriamine, and a cardanol-based amine hardener. For comparison, cardanol-based diphenol diepoxy resin, NC514 (Cardolite), and a petroleum-based epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were also evaluated. Chemical and thermomechanical analyses showed that for SCECGE resins, incomplete cure of the secondary epoxides led to reduced cross-link density, reduced thermal stability, and reduced elongation at break when compared with difunctional resins containing only primary epoxides. However, because of functionality greater than two, amine-cured SCECGE produced a Tg very similar to that of NC514 and thus could be useful in formulating epoxy with renewable cardanol content.
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17
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Ocando C, Ecochard Y, Decostanzi M, Caillol S, Avérous L. Dynamic network based on eugenol-derived epoxy as promising sustainable thermoset materials. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Chi Z, Guo Z, Xu Z, Zhang M, Li M, Shang L, Ao Y. A DOPO-based phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant bio-based epoxy resin from diphenolic acid: Synthesis, flame-retardant behavior and mechanism. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of acrylated cardanol diphenyl phosphate for UV curable flame-retardant coating application. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213858. [PMID: 31731566 PMCID: PMC6864556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardanol is a natural alkylphenolic compound derived from Cashew NutShell Liquid (CNSL), a non-food annually renewable raw material extracted from cashew nutshells. In the quest for sustainable materials, the curing of biobased monomers and prepolymers with environmentally friendly processes attracts increasing interest. Photopolymerization is considered to be a green technology owing to low energy requirements, room temperature operation with high reaction rates, and absence of solvents. In this work, we study the photocuring of a commercially available epoxidized cardanol, and explore its use in combination with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for the fabrication of fully biobased composites. Wet MFC mats were prepared by filtration, and then impregnated with the resin. The impregnated mats were then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the photocuring of the epoxidized cardanol, and of the composites. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. We confirmed that fully cured composites could be obtained, although a high photoinitiator concentration was needed, possibly due to a side reaction of the photoinitiator with MFC.
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21
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Synthesis of biobased reactive hydroxyl amines by amination reaction of cardanol-based epoxy monomers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Mora A, Decostanzi M, David G, Caillol S. Cardanol‐Based Epoxy Monomers for High Thermal Properties Thermosets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Sophie Mora
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253 – CNRSUniversité de MontpellierEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau34296MontpellierFrance
| | - Mélanie Decostanzi
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253 – CNRSUniversité de MontpellierEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau34296MontpellierFrance
| | - Ghislain David
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253 – CNRSUniversité de MontpellierEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau34296MontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253 – CNRSUniversité de MontpellierEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau34296MontpellierFrance
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23
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Ecochard Y, Decostanzi M, Negrell C, Sonnier R, Caillol S. Cardanol and Eugenol Based Flame Retardant Epoxy Monomers for Thermostable Networks. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091818. [PMID: 31083463 PMCID: PMC6540237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy materials have attracted attention for many applications that require fireproof performance; however, the utilization of hazardous reagents brings about potential damage to human health. Eugenol and cardanol are renewable, harmless resources (according to ECHA) that allow the achievement of synthesis of novel phosphorylated epoxy monomers to be used as reactive flame retardants. These epoxy building blocks are characterized by 1H NMR and 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and reacted with a benzylic diamine to give bio-based flame-retardant thermosets. Compared to DGEBA (Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether)-based material, these biobased thermosets differ by their cross-linking ratio, the nature of the phosphorylated function and the presence of an aliphatic chain. Eugenol has led to thermosets with higher glass transition temperatures due to a higher aromatic density. The flame-retardant properties were tested by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), a pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) and a cone calorimeter. These analyses demonstrated the efficiency of phosphorus by reducing significantly the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the effective heat of combustion (EHC). Moreover, the cone calorimeter test exhibited an intumescent phenomenon with the residues of phosphorylated eugenol thermosets. Lastly, the higher flame inhibition potential was highlighted for the phosphonate thermoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Ecochard
- ICGM, UMR 5253⁻CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Mélanie Decostanzi
- ICGM, UMR 5253⁻CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Claire Negrell
- ICGM, UMR 5253⁻CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Rodolphe Sonnier
- C2MA, IMT ⁻ Mines Alès, 6, avenue de Clavières, 30100 Alès, France.
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, UMR 5253⁻CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier, France.
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Bassett AW, Breyta CM, Honnig AE, Reilly JH, Sweet KR, La Scala JJ, Stanzione JF. Synthesis and characterization of molecularly hybrid bisphenols derived from lignin and CNSL: Application in thermosetting resins. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Huo S, Ma H, Liu G, Jin C, Chen J, Wu G, Kong Z. Synthesis and Properties of Organosilicon-Grafted Cardanol Novolac Epoxy Resin as a Novel Biobased Reactive Diluent and Toughening Agent. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16403-16408. [PMID: 31458276 PMCID: PMC6644176 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a biobased functional reactive diluent for thermosetting epoxy resins suitable for high-performance applications. An advanced organosilicon-grafted cardanol novolac epoxy resin (SCNER) was synthesized from cardanol novolac epoxy resin and heptamethyltrisiloxane. After the chemical structure of SCNER was identified by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, it was used to modify the diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol A (DGEBA)/methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride system. The SCNER showed unique advantages, reducing the viscosity of DGEBA and improving the properties of the cured resin. With 10 wt % SCNER, the cured resin exhibited a higher tensile strength (78.84 MPa) and impact strength (32.36 kJ·m-2). The single glass transition temperature (T g) step proved the homogeneous phase structure of the cured resin. Inevitably, the T g of the cured resin decreased for the addition of SCNER. The dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that the storage modulus of the cured resin decreased with the increasing content of SCNER. The morphology showing the ductile fracture of the cured resin was testified by scanning electron microscopy. The dilution and toughening properties of SCNER paves the way to a wide range of possible "eco-friendly" applications, especially in the fields of coatings, paintings, and adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Huo
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
- E-mail:
| | - Hongliang Ma
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Can Jin
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guomin Wu
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhenwu Kong
- Institute
of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering
Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory
on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy
and Materials of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
- Institute
of New Technology of Forestry, CAF, Beijing 100091, China
- E-mail:
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26
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A Review of Recent Research on Bio-Based Epoxy Systems for Engineering Applications and Potentialities in the Aviation Sector. AEROSPACE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace5040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets in different engineering fields, due to their chemical resistance and thermo-mechanical properties. Recently, bio-based thermoset resin systems have attracted significant attention given their environmental benefits related to the wide variety of available natural resources, as well as the resulting reduction in the use of petroleum feedstocks. During the last two decades, considerable improvement on the properties of bio-sourced resins has been achieved to obtain performances comparable to petroleum-based systems. This paper reviews recent advances on new bio-based epoxy resins, derived from natural oils, natural polyphenols, saccharides, natural rubber and rosin. Particular focus has been given to novel chemical formulations and resulting mechanical properties of natural derived- epoxies, curing agents or entire systems, constituting an interesting alternative for a large variety of engineering applications, including the aviation sector. The present work is within the scope of the ECO-COMPASS project, where new bio-sourced epoxy matrixes for green composites are under investigation.
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27
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Amarasekara AS, Garcia‐Obergon R, Thompson AK. Vanillin‐based polymers: IV. Hydrovanilloin epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocio Garcia‐Obergon
- Department of Chemistry Prairie View A&M University Prairie View Texas 77446 USA
| | - Audie K. Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View Texas 77446 USA
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28
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Buono P, Duval A, Avérous L, Habibi Y. Clicking Biobased Polyphenols: A Sustainable Platform for Aromatic Polymeric Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2472-2491. [PMID: 29862669 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, tannins, and cashew nut shell liquid are considered the main sources of aromatic-based macromolecules. They represent an abundant alternative feedstock for the elaboration of aromatic chemicals and polymers, with a view to replacing some fossil-based fractions. Located in different tissues of plants, these compounds, with a large diversity and structural complexity, have, to date, been considered as byproducts derived from fractionation-separation industrial processes with low added value. In the last decade, the use of click chemistry as a tool for the synthesis of controlled macromolecular architectures has seen much development in fundamental and applied research for a wide range of applications. It could represent a valid solution to overcome the main limitations encountered in the chemical modification of natural sources of chemicals, with an environmentally friendly approach to create new substrates for the development of innovative polymers and materials. After a brief description of the main aromatic biopolymers, including the main extraction techniques, along with their structure and their properties, this Review describes chemical modifications that have mainly been focused on natural polyphenols, with the aim of introducing clickable groups, and their further use for the synthesis of biobased materials and additives. Special emphasis is given to several as-yet unexplored chemical features that could contribute to further fundamental and applied materials science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Buono
- Department of Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antoine Duval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67087, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67087, France
| | - Youssef Habibi
- Department of Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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29
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Korey M, Mendis GP, Youngblood JP, Howarter JA. Tannic acid: A sustainable crosslinking agent for high glass transition epoxy materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Korey
- Department of Materials Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906
| | - Gamini P. Mendis
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906
| | - Jeffrey P. Youngblood
- Department of Materials Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906
| | - John A. Howarter
- Department of Materials Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906
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30
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Chen J, Nie XA, Jiang JC, Zhou YH. Thermal degradation and plasticizing mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with a novel cardanol derived plasticizer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/292/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Karami Z, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ, Rostami A. Biobased Diels-Alder Engineered Network from Furfuryl Alcohol and Epoxy Resin: Preparation and Mechano-Physical Characteristics. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Karami
- Adhesive and Resin Department; Polymer Processing Faculty; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalal Zohuriaan-Mehr
- Adhesive and Resin Department; Polymer Processing Faculty; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115; Tehran Iran
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division (BIOBASED Division); Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115; Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products; University of Nizwa; 616, Birkat Al-Mouz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
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32
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Thakur VK, Wang L, Gu J, Gao Z, Fan B, Wu Q, Kessler MR. Bio-based reactive diluents as sustainable replacements for styrene in MAESO resin. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13780-13788. [PMID: 35539344 PMCID: PMC9079840 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four different biorenewable methacrylated/acrylated monomers, namely, methacrylated fatty acid (MFA), methacrylated eugenol (ME), isobornyl methacrylate (IM), and isobornyl acrylate (IA) were employed as reactive diluents (RDs) to replace styrene (St) in a maleinated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (MAESO) resin to produce bio-based thermosetting resins using free radical polymerization. The curing kinetics, gelation times, double bond conversions, thermal–mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities of MAESO-RD resin systems were characterized using DSC, rheometer, FT-IR, DMA, and TGA. The results indicate that all four RD monomers possess high bio-based carbon content (BBC) ranging from 63.2 to 76.9% and low volatilities (less than 7 wt% loss after being held isothermally at 30 °C for 5 h). Moreover, the viscosity of the MAESO-RD systems can be tailored to acceptable levels to fit the requirements for liquid molding techniques. Because of the introduction of RDs to the MAESO resin, the reaction mixtures showed an improved reactivity and an accelerated reaction rate. FT-IR results showed that almost all the C
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C double bonds within MAESO-RD systems were converted. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the MAESO-RDs ranged from 44.8 to 100.8 °C, thus extending the range of application. More importantly, the Tg of MAESO-ME resin (98.1 °C) was comparable to that of MAESO-St resin (100.8 °C). Overall, this work provided four potential RDs candidates to completely replace styrene in the MAESO resin, with the ME monomer being the most promising one. This paper reports four promising, sustainable reactive diluents to completely replace styrene for a commercially available MAESO resin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | - Yuzhan Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Jiyou Gu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Fan
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Michael R. Kessler
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
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33
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Li WSJ, Negrell C, Ladmiral V, Lai-Kee-Him J, Bron P, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Joly-Duhamel C, Caillol S. Cardanol-based polymer latex by radical aqueous miniemulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The facile one-pot, two-step synthesis of a new bio-sourced monomer derived from cardanol and its radical aqueous miniemulsion polymerization are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. S. J. Li
- ICGM
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
| | - C. Negrell
- ICGM
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
| | - V. Ladmiral
- ICGM
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
| | | | - P. Bron
- CBS
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- INSERM
- Montpellier
| | | | | | - S. Caillol
- ICGM
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
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34
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Puchot L, Verge P, Peralta S, Habibi Y, Vancaeyzeele C, Vidal F. Elaboration of bio-epoxy/benzoxazine interpenetrating polymer networks: a composition-to-morphology mapping. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real interpenetrating polymer networks obtained from the sequential polymerization of epoxy and benzoxazine networks, with highly improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Puchot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L- 4362 Esch-sur –Alzette
- Luxembourg
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI – EA 2528)
- I-Mat
| | - P. Verge
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L- 4362 Esch-sur –Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - S. Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI – EA 2528)
- I-Mat
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Y. Habibi
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L- 4362 Esch-sur –Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - C. Vancaeyzeele
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI – EA 2528)
- I-Mat
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - F. Vidal
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI – EA 2528)
- I-Mat
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
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35
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Yadav SK, Schmalbach KM, Kinaci E, Stanzione JF, Palmese GR. Recent advances in plant-based vinyl ester resins and reactive diluents. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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37
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Ladmiral V, Jeannin R, Fernandes Lizarazu K, Lai-Kee-Him J, Bron P, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Caillol S. Aromatic biobased polymer latex from cardanol. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Mihai I, Hassouna F, Fouquet T, Laachachi A, Raquez JM, Ibn El Ahrach H, Dubois P. Reactive plasticization of poly(lactide) with epoxy functionalized cardanol. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Mihai
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) −5, Rue Bommel, ZAE Robert Steichen; Hautcharage L-4940 Luxembourg
| | - Fatima Hassouna
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague; Dejvice 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Fouquet
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry; National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Abdelghani Laachachi
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) −5, Rue Bommel, ZAE Robert Steichen; Hautcharage L-4940 Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, CIRMAP, University of Mons; B-7000 Belgium
| | - Hicham Ibn El Ahrach
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) −5, Rue Bommel, ZAE Robert Steichen; Hautcharage L-4940 Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, CIRMAP, University of Mons; B-7000 Belgium
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39
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Rahobinirina AI, Rakotondramanga MF, Berlioz-Barbier A, Métay E, Ramanandraibe V, Lemaire M. Valorization of Madagascar’s CNSL via the synthesis of one advanced intermediate (3-Pentadecylcyclohexanone). Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Ng F, Couture G, Philippe C, Boutevin B, Caillol S. Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials. Molecules 2017; 22:E149. [PMID: 28106795 PMCID: PMC6155700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers from renewable resources is a burning issue that is actively investigated. Polyepoxide networks constitute a major class of thermosetting polymers and are extensively used as coatings, electronic materials, adhesives. Owing to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties, chemical resistance, adhesion, and minimal shrinkage after curing, they are used in structural applications as well. Most of these thermosets are industrially manufactured from bisphenol A (BPA), a substance that was initially synthesized as a chemical estrogen. The awareness on BPA toxicity combined with the limited availability and volatile cost of fossil resources and the non-recyclability of thermosets implies necessary changes in the field of epoxy networks. Thus, substitution of BPA has witnessed an increasing number of studies both from the academic and industrial sides. This review proposes to give an overview of the reported aromatic multifunctional epoxide building blocks synthesized from biomass or from molecules that could be obtained from transformed biomass. After a reminder of the main glycidylation routes and mechanisms and the recent knowledge on BPA toxicity and legal issues, this review will provide a brief description of the main natural sources of aromatic molecules. The different epoxy prepolymers will then be organized from simple, mono-aromatic di-epoxy, to mono-aromatic poly-epoxy, to di-aromatic di-epoxy compounds, and finally to derivatives possessing numerous aromatic rings and epoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ng
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Guillaume Couture
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Coralie Philippe
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
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41
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Shah PN, Dev S, Lee Y, Hansen CJ. Processing and mechanical properties of bio-derived vinyl ester resin-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyank N. Shah
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Siddharth Dev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Christopher J. Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
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42
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Aracelli DSL, Md. TI, Antonio LGJ, Joao MDCES, Marcus VOBDA, Marcia FCJP, Hercilia MLR, Maria DGFDM, Ana ADCMC, Jose ADL. Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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43
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44
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Baroncini EA, Kumar Yadav S, Palmese GR, Stanzione JF. Recent advances in bio-based epoxy resins and bio-based epoxy curing agents. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A Baroncini
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Rowan University; New Jersey 08028
| | - Santosh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Drexel University; Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Giuseppe R Palmese
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Drexel University; Pennsylvania 19104
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45
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Abstract
Cenosphere-filled epoxidized cardanol syntactic foams were fabricated using stir-casting technique: 10–40 wt% of cenosphere was mixed gradually in several steps in order to avoid any damage of the cenosphere. The syntactic foams were cured at room temperature for a day followed by postcure for 3 h at 100°C. Completion of the cure reaction was ascertained using differential scanning calorimetry of the fresh sample and postcured sample. Homogeneous distribution of cenosphere was confirmed with the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The fracture mechanism was also analysed using SEM image of the compression failed sample. Thermal, hygrothermal and compressive properties of the syntactic foams were studied. Epoxidized cardanol-based syntactic foams were found to have lower density, good thermal stability and higher char residue as revealed from the thermogravimetric analysis result. The yield strength decreased with the increase in cenosphere. The specific modulus was optimum for 30% loading of cenosphere and it increased by 42% in comparison to the neat sample. Hygrothermal studies conducted using deionized water and sea water at room and high temperature conditions revealed stability and lower water absorption. The bio-based syntactic foams derived from cardanol promised sustainable path for the preparation of light-weight foam core materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandip Kaur
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - LS Jayakumari
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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46
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Maiorana A, Subramaniam B, Centore R, Han X, Linhardt RJ, Gross RA. Synthesis and characterization of an adipic acid-derived epoxy resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Maiorana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Bhagyashree Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Robert Centore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180
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Constructing polyurethane foams of strong mechanical property and thermostability by two novel environment friendly bio-based polyols. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jaillet F, Nouailhas H, Boutevin B, Caillol S. Synthesis of novel bio‐based vinyl ester from dicyclopentadiene prepolymer, cashew nut shell liquid, and soybean oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jaillet
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253, CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253, CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles GerhardtUMR 5253, CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
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50
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Gour RS, Kodgire VV, Badiger MV. Toughening of epoxy novolac resin using cardanol based flexibilizers. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari S. Gour
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Vivek V. Kodgire
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Manohar V. Badiger
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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