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Erden K, Soyler D, Barsella A, Şahin O, Soylemez S, Dengiz C. Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Hydrazone-Substituted Push-Pull-Type NLOphores. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13192-13207. [PMID: 39255504 PMCID: PMC11421011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Two distinct families of NLOphores featuring hydrazone donors were synthesized using click-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition retroelectrocyclizations (CA-RE). Despite the limitations in the substrate scope, it was shown for the first time that hydrazone-activated alkynes could undergo reactions with TCNE/TCNQ. The electrochemical, photophysical, and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of the chromophores were analyzed utilizing experimental and computational approaches. Chromophores 17-21 and 23-27 exhibited two reduction waves, along with one oxidation wave that can be attributed to the hydrazone moiety. All chromophores exhibit charge-transfer bands extending from the visible to the near-infrared region. The λmax of hydrazone-based chromophores falls within the range of 473 to 725 nm. Additionally, all chromophores exhibited positive solvatochromism. Computational studies have been performed to elucidate the origin of the low-energy absorption bands. Parameters such as dipole moment, band gaps, electronegativity, global chemical hardness/softness, average polarizability, and first hyperpolarizability were calculated to obtain information about NLO properties of the target structures. The thermal stabilities of the NLOphores were assessed through TGA. Experimental NLO measurements were conducted using the electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) technique. The studied structures demonstrated NLO responses, with μβ values between 520 × 10-48 esu and 5300 × 10-48 esu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Erden
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Soyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d'Optique Ultra-Rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS-CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Gazzini L, Dallari V, Fazio E, Abousiam M, Nebiaj A, Caselli A, Accorona R, Calabrese L. Functional tongue reconstruction after compartmental surgery: a schematic model for planning and insetting of the anterolateral thigh free flap. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08982-6. [PMID: 39299966 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anterolateral thigh free flap (ALTFF) is a versatile option for tongue reconstruction after cancer resection. Compartmental tongue surgery (CTS) is a surgical technique whose purpose is to remove the entire oncological compartment with the pathways of tumor spread. Extended glossectomies (EG) follow the same surgical steps and anatomical concepts as CTS but extend beyond hemiglossectomy. The surgical defect following such resections often necessitates the use of a large free flap, with the ALTFF being the most commonly used. METHODS The CTS and EG are anatomically-based approaches tailored to the lesion rather than the tumor margins. Leaving a predictable defect, the reconstructive phase can, in most cases, be planned in a standardized way, assuming certain scenarios based on the surgical approach. RESULTS After CTS and EG, the residual volumetric defect is large. Therefore, the reconstructive flap of choice is the ALTFF. The ALTFF offers sufficient tissue volume to cover the functional defect and is a versatile flap. It can be harvested as a simple fasciocutaneous flap, as a chimeric flap, or as a muscle-fasciocutaneous flap, depending on the reconstruction requirements. We demonstrated the constant design of ALTFF based on the predictable defect after CTS and EG, aiming for a more precise and standardized reconstruction. CONCLUSION We propose a flap design based on the anatomy of the tongue and oral cavity after CTS or EG for a more precise and standardized reconstruction. Additionally, a standard template is particularly useful for less experienced surgeons who are approaching this technique for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gazzini
- Young Confederation of European ORL-HNS, Y-CEORL- HNS, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Virginia Dallari
- Young Confederation of European ORL-HNS, Y-CEORL- HNS, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Fazio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Monir Abousiam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Aurel Nebiaj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Arianna Caselli
- Speech and language therapy service, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
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Alessi S, Maggioni R, Luzzago S, Summers PE, Renne G, Zugni F, Belmonte M, Raimondi S, Vignati S, Mistretta FA, Di Meglio L, D'Ascoli E, Scarabelli A, Marvaso G, De Cobelli O, Musi G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Curigliano G, Petralia G. Association between mpMRI detected tumor apparent diffusion coefficient and 5-year biochemical recurrence risk after radical prostatectomy. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2024; 129:1394-1404. [PMID: 39014292 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-024-01857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the ability of tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to predict the risk of 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis included 1207 peripheral and 232 non-peripheral zone prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent mpMRI before RP (2012-2015), with the outcome of interest being 5-year BCR. ADC was evaluated as a continuous variable and as categories: low (< 850 µm2/s), intermediate (850-1100 µm2/s), and high (> 1100 µm2/s). Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank testing of BCR-free survival, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were formed to estimate the risk of BCR. RESULTS Among the 1439 males with median age 63 (± 7) years, the median follow-up was 59 months, and 306 (25%) patients experienced BCR. Peripheral zone PCa patients with BCR had lower tumor ADC values than those without BCR (874 versus 1025 µm2/s, p < 0.001). Five-year BCR-free survival rates were 52.3%, 74.4%, and 87% for patients in the low, intermediate, and high ADC value categories, respectively (p < 0.0001). Lower ADC was associated with BCR, both as continuously coded variable (HR: 5.35; p < 0.001) and as ADC categories (intermediate versus high ADC-HR: 1.56, p = 0.017; low vs. high ADC-HR; 2.36, p < 0.001). In the non-peripheral zone PCa patients, no association between ADC and BCR was observed. CONCLUSION Tumor ADC values and categories were found to be predictive of the 5-year BCR risk after RP in patients with peripheral zone PCa and may serve as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alessi
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Maggioni
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul E Summers
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Renne
- Division of Uropathology and Intraoperative Diagnostic Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Zugni
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Belmonte
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Vignati
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit Department of Experimental Oncology IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco A Mistretta
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Meglio
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa D'Ascoli
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scarabelli
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Ito R, Matsubara H, Shimizu R, Maehata T, Miura Y, Uji M, Mokuno Y. Anastomotic tension "Bridging": a risk factor for anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:4916-4925. [PMID: 38977498 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive tension at the anastomosis contributes to anastomotic leakage (AL) in low anterior resection (LAR). However, the specific tension has not been measured. We assessed whether "Bridging," characterized by the proximal colon resembling a suspension bridge above the pelvic floor, is a significant risk factor for AL following LAR for rectal cancer. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed the medical records and laparoscopic videos of 102 patients who underwent laparoscopic LAR using the double stapling technique at Yachiyo Hospital between January 2014 and December 2023. Patients were classified based on whether they had Bridging (tight or sagging) or were in a Resting state of the proximal colon, and the association between Bridging and AL was examined. RESULTS AL occurred in 31.3% of the Tight Bridging group, 20% of the Sagging Bridging group, and 2.2% of the Resting group (P = 0.002). The incidence of AL was significantly higher in patients with Bridging than in those without (23.2% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that Bridging is an independent risk factor for AL (odds ratio = 6.97; 95% confidence interval: 1.45-33.6; P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The presence of Bridging is a significant risk factor for AL following LAR for rectal cancer, suggesting the need for implementing preventive measures in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Ito
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideo Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maehata
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Miura
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
| | - Masahito Uji
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuji Mokuno
- Department of Surgery, Yachiyo Hospital, 2-2-7 Sumiyoshi, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8510, Japan
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Myrissa K, Court C, Kelaiditi E. Cross-sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38940391 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK-based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = -0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self-reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost-effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Myrissa
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Catherine Court
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Eirini Kelaiditi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
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Cherubini F, Riberti N, Schiavone AM, Davì F, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Barucca G, Cassani MC, Rinaldi D, Montalto L. Production of Composite Zinc Oxide-Polylactic Acid Radiopaque Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling: First Stage of a Feasibility Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2892. [PMID: 38930261 PMCID: PMC11204736 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies are becoming increasingly attractive for their versatility; the geometrical customizability and manageability of the final product properties are the key points. This work aims to assess the feasibility of producing radiopaque filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM), a 3D printing technology, starting with zinc oxide (ZnO) and polylactic acid (PLA) as the raw materials. Indeed, ZnO and PLA are promising materials due to their non-toxic and biocompatible nature. Pellets of PLA and ZnO in the form of nanoparticles were mixed together using ethanol; this homogenous mixture was processed by a commercial extruder, optimizing the process parameters for obtaining mechanically stable samples. Scanning electron microscopy analyses were used to assess, in the extruded samples, the homogenous distribution of the ZnO in the PLA matrix. Moreover, X-ray microtomography revealed a certain homogenous radiopacity; this imaging technique also confirmed the correct distribution of the ZnO in the PLA matrix. Thus, our tests showed that mechanically stable radiopaque filaments, ready for FDM systems, were obtained by homogenously loading the PLA with a maximum ZnO content of 6.5% wt. (nominal). This study produced multiple outcomes. We demonstrated the feasibility of producing radiopaque filaments for additive manufacturing using safe materials. Moreover, each phase of the process is cost-effective and green-oriented; in fact, the homogenous mixture of PLA and ZnO requires only a small amount of ethanol, which evaporates in minutes without any temperature adjustment. Finally, both the extruding and the FDM technologies are the most accessible systems for the additive manufacturing commercial apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cherubini
- Department of Construction, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Nicole Riberti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università Gabriele D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Schiavone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Davì
- Department of Construction, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cassani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniele Rinaldi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Montalto
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
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Degiuli M, Aguilar AHR, Solej M, Azzolina D, Marchiori G, Corcione F, Bracale U, Peltrini R, Di Nuzzo MM, Baldazzi G, Cassini D, Sica GS, Pirozzi B, Muratore A, Calabrò M, Jovine E, Lombardi R, Anania G, Chiozza M, Petz W, Pizzini P, Persiani R, Biondi A, Reddavid R. A Randomized Phase III Trial of Complete Mesocolic Excision Compared with Conventional Surgery for Right Colon Cancer: Interim Analysis of a Nationwide Multicenter Study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network (CoME-in trial). Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1671-1680. [PMID: 38087139 PMCID: PMC10838239 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although complete mesocolic excision (CME) is supposed to be associated with a higher lymph node (LN) yield, decreased local recurrence, and survival improvement, its implementation currently is debated because the evidence level of these data is rather low and still not supported by randomized controlled trials. METHOD This is a multicenter, randomized, superiority trial (NCT04871399). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) was the primary end point of the study. The secondary end points were safety (duration of operation, perioperative complications, hospital length of stay), oncologic outcomes (number of LNs retrieved, 3- and 5-year overall survival, 5-year DFS), and surgery quality (specimen length, area and integrity rate of mesentery, length of ileocolic and middle-colic vessels). The trial design required the LN yield to be higher in the CME group at interim analysis. RESULTS Interim data analysis is presented in this report. The study enrolled 258 patients in nine referral centers. The number of LNs retrieved was significantly higher after CME (25 vs. 20; p = 0.012). No differences were observed with respect to intra- or post-operative complications, postoperative mortality, or duration of surgery. The hospital stay was even shorter after CME (p = 0.039). Quality of surgery indicators were higher in the CME arm of the study. Survival data still were not available. CONCLUSIONS Interim data show that CME for right colon cancer in referral centers is safe and feasible and does not increase perioperative complications. The study documented with evidence that quality of surgery and LN yield are higher after CME, and this is essential for continuation of patient recruitment and implementation of an optimal comparison. Trial registration The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the code NCT04871399 and with the acronym CoME-In trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Degiuli
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Aridai H Resendiz Aguilar
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Mario Solej
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchiori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Corcione
- Chirurgia Oncologica e Miniinvasiva Clinica Mediterranea Napoli, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Bracale
- Minimally Invasive, General and Oncologic Surgery Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Peltrini
- Minimally Invasive, General and Oncologic Surgery Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria M Di Nuzzo
- Minimally Invasive, General and Oncologic Surgery Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Diletta Cassini
- ASST Ovest Milanese, P.O. Nuovo Ospedale di Legnano, Legnano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Università e Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Pirozzi
- Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Università e Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Muratore
- Surgical Department, Edoardo Agnelli Hospital, Pinerolo, Italy
| | | | - Elio Jovine
- IRCCS AOU of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Anania
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiozza
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wanda Petz
- Digestive Surgery, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pizzini
- Digestive Surgery, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Persiani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Biondi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Reddavid
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
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Yamada M. Perspectives on push-pull chromophores derived from click-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions of electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:125-154. [PMID: 38292046 PMCID: PMC10825803 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Various push-pull chromophores can be synthesized in a single and atom-economical step through [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reactions involving diverse electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes. In this review, a comprehensive investigation of the recent and noteworthy advancements in the research on push-pull chromophores prepared via the [2 + 2] CA-RE reaction is conducted. In particular, an overview of the physicochemical properties of the family of these compounds that have been investigated is provided to clarify their potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
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9
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Cho A, Tikhonenkov DV, Lax G, Prokina KI, Keeling PJ. Phylogenomic position of genetically diverse phagotrophic stramenopile flagellates in the sediment-associated MAST-6 lineage and a potentially halotolerant placididean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107964. [PMID: 37951557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Unlike morphologically conspicuous ochrophytes, many flagellates belonging to basally branching stramenopiles are small and often overlooked. As a result, many of these lineages are known only through molecular surveys and identified as MArine STramenopiles (MAST), and remain largely uncharacterized at the cellular or genomic level. These likely phagotrophic flagellates are not only phylogenetically diverse, but also extremely abundant in some environments, making their characterization all the more important. MAST-6 is one example of a phylogenetically distinct group that has been known to be associated with sediments, but little else is known about it. Indeed, until the present study, only a single species from this group, Pseudophyllomitus vesiculosus (Pseudophyllomitidae), has been both formally described and associated with genomic information. Here, we describe four new species including two new genera of sediment-dwelling MAST-6, Vomastramonas tehuelche gen. et sp. nov., Mastreximonas tlaamin gen. et sp. nov., one undescribed Pseudophyllomitus sp., BSC2, and a new species belonging to Placididea, the potentially halotolerant Haloplacidia sinai sp. nov. We also provide two additional bikosian transcriptomes from a public culture collection, to allow for better phylogenetic reconstructions of deep-branching stramenopiles. With the SSU rRNA sequences of the new MAST-6 species, we investigate the phylogenetic diversity of the MAST-6 group and show a high relative abundance of MAST-6 related to M. tlaamin in samples across various depths and geographical locations. Using the new MAST-6 species, we also update the phylogenomic tree of stramenopiles, particularly focusing on the paraphyly of Bigyra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cho
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Denis V Tikhonenkov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Science, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Gordon Lax
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina I Prokina
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Science, Borok 152742, Russia; Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Degiuli M, Ortenzi M, Tomatis M, Puca L, Cianflocca D, Rega D, Maroli A, Elmore U, Pecchini F, Milone M, La Mendola R, Soligo E, Deidda S, Spoletini D, Cassini D, Aprile A, Mineccia M, Nikaj H, Marchegiani F, Maiello F, Bombardini C, Zuolo M, Carlucci M, Ferraro L, Falato A, Biondi A, Persiani R, Marsanich P, Fusario D, Solaini L, Pollesel S, Rizzo G, Coco C, Di Leo A, Cavaliere D, Roviello F, Muratore A, D’Ugo D, Bianco F, Bianchi PP, De Nardi P, Rigamonti M, Anania G, Belluco C, Polastri R, Pucciarelli S, Gentilli S, Ferrero A, Scabini S, Baldazzi G, Carlini M, Restivo A, Testa S, Parini D, De Palma GD, Piccoli M, Rosati R, Spinelli A, Delrio P, Borghi F, Guerrieri M, Reddavid R. Minimally invasive vs. open segmental resection of the splenic flexure for cancer: a nationwide study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology-Colorectal Cancer Network (SICO-CNN). Surg Endosc 2023; 37:977-988. [PMID: 36085382 PMCID: PMC9944710 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the efficacy of minimally invasive (MI) segmental resection of splenic flexure cancer (SFC) is not available, mostly due to the rarity of this tumor. This study aimed to determine the survival outcomes of MI and open treatment, and to investigate whether MI is noninferior to open procedure regarding short-term outcomes. METHODS This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all consecutive SFC segmental resections performed in 30 referral centers between 2006 and 2016. The primary endpoint assessing efficacy was the overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints included cancer-specific mortality (CSM), recurrence rate (RR), short-term clinical outcomes (a composite of Clavien-Dindo > 2 complications and 30-day mortality), and pathological outcomes (a composite of lymph nodes removed ≧12, and proximal and distal free resection margins length ≧ 5 cm). For these composites, a 6% noninferiority margin was chosen based on clinical relevance estimate. RESULTS A total of 606 patients underwent either an open (208, 34.3%) or a MI (398, 65.7%) SFC segmental resection. At univariable analysis, OS and CSM were improved in the MI group (log-rank test p = 0.004 and Gray's tests p = 0.004, respectively), while recurrences were comparable (Gray's tests p = 0.434). Cox multivariable analysis did not support that OS and CSM were better in the MI group (p = 0.109 and p = 0.163, respectively). Successful pathological outcome, observed in 53.2% of open and 58.3% of MI resections, supported noninferiority (difference 5.1%; 1-sided 95%CI - 4.7% to ∞). Successful short-term clinical outcome was documented in 93.3% of Open and 93.0% of MI procedures, and supported noninferiority as well (difference - 0.3%; 1-sided 95%CI - 5.0% to ∞). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with SFC, the minimally invasive approach met the criterion for noninferiority for postoperative complications and pathological outcomes, and was found to provide results of OS, CSM, and RR comparable to those of open resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Degiuli
- University of Turin, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, Div of Surgical Oncology, Orbassano, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, Head Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, University of Torino, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10 Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy.
| | - Monica Ortenzi
- grid.411490.90000 0004 1759 6306Clinica Chirurgica Universita’ Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariano Tomatis
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580BSIT, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Puca
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580University of Turin, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, Div of Surgical Oncology, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Desiree Cianflocca
- grid.413179.90000 0004 0486 1959Department of Surgery, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy ,grid.432329.d0000 0004 1789 4477Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Rega
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Fondazione Giovanni Pascale IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maroli
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Elmore
- grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecchini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Unita’ Operativa di chirurgia generale, d’urgenza e nuove tecnologie, OCSAE, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Endoscopic Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta La Mendola
- grid.415200.20000 0004 1760 6068General Surgery Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Erica Soligo
- grid.415230.10000 0004 1757 123XS.C. Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale S. Andrea, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Simona Deidda
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Chirurgia Coloproctologica-AOU Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenico Spoletini
- grid.416628.f0000 0004 1760 4441UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale S. Eugenio, Piazzale dell’Umanesimo, 10, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Cassini
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, P.O. SSG, ASST NORD MILANO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aprile
- grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871Surgical Oncology Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Mineccia
- grid.414700.60000 0004 0484 5983Department of General and Oncological Surgery, ”Umberto I” Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Herald Nikaj
- grid.412824.90000 0004 1756 8161SCDU Clinica Chirurgica, General Surgery Department, AOU “Maggiore Della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchegiani
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Maiello
- Department of Surgery, General Surgery Unit, Hospital of Biella, Biella, Italy
| | - Cristina Bombardini
- Department of Surgical Morphology and Experimental Medicine, AOU Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Zuolo
- General Surgery Division, “Valli del Noce” Hospital, Cles, Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Carlucci
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Division of General and Robotic Surgery, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Falato
- General Surgery Unit, San Leonardo Hospital, ASL-NA3sud, Castellammare di Stabbia, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Biondi
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, AREA di Chirurgia Addominale, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Persiani
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, AREA di Chirurgia Addominale, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Fusario
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641UOC General and Oncological Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- grid.415079.e0000 0004 1759 989XGeneral and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Ausl Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Sara Pollesel
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Chirurgia Generale Presidio Columbus, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Chirurgia Generale Presidio Columbus, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Coco
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Chirurgia Generale Presidio Columbus, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Cavaliere
- grid.414603.4Department of Surgical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Chirurgia Generale Presidio Columbus, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Muratore
- Surgical Department, Edoardo Agnelli Hospital, Pinerolo, Italy
| | - Domenico D’Ugo
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, AREA di Chirurgia Addominale, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bianco
- General Surgery Unit, San Leonardo Hospital, ASL-NA3sud, Castellammare di Stabbia, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Pietro Bianchi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Division of General and Robotic Surgery, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy ,grid.415928.3Department of Surgery, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Paola De Nardi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Division of General and Robotic Surgery, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rigamonti
- General Surgery Division, “Valli del Noce” Hospital, Cles, Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Anania
- Department of Surgical Morphology and Experimental Medicine, AOU Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Belluco
- grid.414603.4Department of Surgical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Polastri
- Department of Surgery, General Surgery Unit, Hospital of Biella, Biella, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- grid.412824.90000 0004 1756 8161SCDU Clinica Chirurgica, General Surgery Department, AOU “Maggiore Della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- grid.414700.60000 0004 0484 5983Department of General and Oncological Surgery, ”Umberto I” Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Scabini
- grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871Surgical Oncology Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Baldazzi
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, P.O. SSG, ASST NORD MILANO, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Carlini
- grid.416628.f0000 0004 1760 4441UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale S. Eugenio, Piazzale dell’umanesimo, 10, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Chirurgia Coloproctologica-AOU Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvio Testa
- grid.415230.10000 0004 1757 123XS.C. Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale S. Andrea, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Dario Parini
- grid.415200.20000 0004 1760 6068General Surgery Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Domenico De Palma
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Endoscopic Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Micaela Piccoli
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Unita’ Operativa di chirurgia generale, d’urgenza e nuove tecnologie, OCSAE, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56 Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Fondazione Giovanni Pascale IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Borghi
- grid.413179.90000 0004 0486 1959Department of Surgery, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy ,grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Oncological Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Guerrieri
- grid.411490.90000 0004 1759 6306Clinica Chirurgica Universita’ Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Reddavid
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580University of Turin, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, Div of Surgical Oncology, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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11
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Trzepieciński T, Najm SM. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to the Analysis of Friction Behaviour in a Drawbead Profile in Sheet Metal Forming. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9022. [PMID: 36556828 PMCID: PMC9787461 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drawbeads are used when forming drawpieces with complex shapes to equalise the flow resistance of a material around the perimeter of the drawpiece or to change the state of stress in certain regions of the drawpiece. This article presents a special drawbead simulator for determining the value of the coefficient of friction on the drawbead. The aim of this paper is the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to understand the effect of the most important parameters of the friction process (sample orientation in relation to the rolling direction of the steel sheets, surface roughness of the counter-samples and lubrication conditions) on the coefficient of friction. The intention was to build a database for training ANNs. The friction coefficient was determined for low-carbon steel sheets with various drawability indices: drawing quality DQ, deep-drawing quality DDQ and extra deep-drawing quality EDDQ. Equivalents of the sheets tested in EN standards are DC01 (DQ), DC03 (DDQ) and DC04 (EDDQ). The tests were carried out under the conditions of dry friction and the sheet surface was lubricated with machine oil LAN46 and hydraulic oil LHL32, commonly used in sheet metal forming. Moreover, various specimen orientations (0° and 90°) in relation to the rolling direction of the steel sheets were investigated. Moreover, a wide range of surface roughness values of the counter-samples (Ra = 0.32 μm, 0.63 μm, 1.25 μm and 2.5 μm) were also considered. In general, the value of the coefficient of friction increased with increasing surface roughness of the counter-samples. In the case of LAN46 machine oil, the effectiveness of lubrication decreased with increasing mean roughness of the counter-samples Ra = 0.32-1.25 μm. With increasing drawing quality of the sheet metal, the effectiveness of lubrication increased, but only in the range of surface roughness of the counter-samples in which Ra = 0.32-1.25 μm. This study investigated different transfer functions and training algorithms to develop the best artificial neural network structure. Backpropagation in an MLP structure was used to build the structure. In addition, the COF was calculated using a parameter-based analytical equation. Garson partitioning weight was used to calculate the relative importance (RI) effect on coefficient of friction. The Bayesian regularization backpropagation (BRB)-Trainbr training algorithm, together with the radial basis normalized-Radbasn transfer function, scored best in predicting the coefficient of friction with R2 values between 0.9318 and 0.9180 for the training and testing datasets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Trzepieciński
- Department of Manufacturing Processes and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Sherwan Mohammed Najm
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetemrkp 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Kirkuk Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
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12
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Debellemanière E, Pinaud C, Schneider J, Arnal PJ, Casson AJ, Chennaoui M, Galtier M, Navarrete M, Lewis PA. Optimising sounds for the driving of sleep oscillations by closed-loop auditory stimulation. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13676. [PMID: 35762085 PMCID: PMC9788124 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that slow oscillations (SOs) can be driven by rhythmic auditory stimulation, which deepens slow-wave sleep (SWS) and improves memory and the immune-supportive hormonal milieu related to this sleep stage. While different attempts have been made to optimise the driving of the SOs by changing the number of click stimulations, no study has yet investigated the impact of applying more than five clicks in a row. Likewise, the importance of the type of sounds in eliciting brain responses is presently unclear. In a study of 12 healthy young participants (10 females; aged 18-26 years), we applied an established closed-loop stimulation method, which delivered sequences of 10 pink noises, 10 pure sounds (B note of 247 Hz), 10 pronounced "a" vowels, 10 sham, 10 variable sounds, and 10 "oddball" sounds on the up phase of the endogenous SOs. By analysing area under the curve, amplitude, and event related potentials, we explored whether the nature of the sound had a differential effect on driving SOs. We showed that every stimulus in a 10-click sequence, induces a SO response. Interestingly, all three types of sounds that we tested triggered SOs. However, pink noise elicited a more pronounced response compared to the other sounds, which was explained by a broader topographical recruitment of brain areas. Our data further suggest that varying the sounds may partially counteract habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Debellemanière
- Unité Fatigue et VigilanceInstitut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA)Brétigny sur OrgeFrance,EA7330 VIFASOM, Hôtel DieuUniversité Paris 5 DescartesParisFrance,Research Team, DreemParisFrance
| | | | - Jules Schneider
- School of Biological Sciencesthe University of ManchesterManchesterUK,CUBRIC, Psychology DepartmentCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Alexander J. Casson
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineeringthe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Unité Fatigue et VigilanceInstitut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA)Brétigny sur OrgeFrance,EA7330 VIFASOM, Hôtel DieuUniversité Paris 5 DescartesParisFrance
| | | | - Miguel Navarrete
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Los AndesBogotáColombia
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13
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Chock RY, Miller WB, King SN, Brehme CS, Fisher RN, Sin H, Wilcox P, Terp J, Tremor S, Major MR, Merrill K, Spencer WD, Sullivan S, Shier DM. Quantitative SWOT analysis: A structured and collaborative approach to reintroduction site selection for the endangered Pacific pocket mouse. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Ozimati AA, Esuma W, Manze F, Iragaba P, Kanaabi M, Ano CU, Egesi C, Kawuki RS. Utility of Ugandan genomic selection cassava breeding populations for prediction of cassava viral disease resistance and yield in West African clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018156. [PMID: 36507414 PMCID: PMC9728524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple crop for ~800 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production and productivity are being heavily affected by the two viral diseases: cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), impacting greatly on edible root yield. CBSD is currently endemic to central, eastern and southern Africa, if not contained could spread to West Africa the largest cassava producer and consumer in the continent. Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented in Ugandan cassava breeding for accelerated development of virus resistant and high yielding clones. This study leveraged available GS training data in Uganda for pre-emptive CBSD breeding in W. Africa alongside CMD and fresh root yield (FRW). First, we tracked genetic gain through the current three cycles of GS in Uganda. The mean genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), indicated general progress from initial cycle zero (C0) to cycle one (C1) and cycle two (C2) for CBSD traits and yield except for CMD. Secondly, we used foliar data of both CBSD and CMD, as well as harvest root necrosis and yield data to perform cross-validation predictions. Cross-validation prediction accuracies of five GS models were tested for each of the three GS cycles and West African (WA) germplasm as a test set. In all cases, cross-validation prediction accuracies were low to moderate, ranging from -0.16 to 0.68 for CBSD traits, -0.27 to 0.57 for CMD and -0.22 to 0.41 for fresh root weight (FRW). Overall, the highest prediction accuracies were recorded in C0 for all traits tested across models and the best performing model in cross-validation was G-BLUP. Lastly, we tested the predictive ability of the Ugandan training sets to predict CBSD in W. African clones. In general, the Ugandan training sets had low prediction accuracies for all traits across models in West African germplasm, varying from -0.18 to 0.1. Based on the findings of this study, the cassava breeding program in Uganda has made progress through application of GS for most target traits, but the utility of the training population for pre-emptive breeding in WA is limiting. In this case, efforts should be devoted to sharing Ugandan germplasm that possess resistance with the W. African breeding programs for hybridization to fully enable deployment of genomic selection as a pre-emptive CBSD breeding strategy in W. Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred A. Ozimati
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Williams Esuma
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Manze
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paula Iragaba
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Kanaabi
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chukwuka Ugochukwu Ano
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, College of Agricultare and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, United States
| | - Chiedozie Egesi
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, College of Agricultare and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, United States
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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15
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Influence of radiation treatment technique (IMRT vs. 3D-RT) on acute toxicity and prognostic factors for survival for anal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19914. [PMID: 36402828 PMCID: PMC9675840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared our institutional experience with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-RT) for definitive treatment of primary anal cancer. We performed a single-institution retrospective review of all patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive (chemo) radiotherapy with curative intent from 2004 through 2018. We assessed several prognostic factors in respect to relevant survival endpoints. In addition, acute toxicities were determined and compared between IMRT and 3D-RT patients. This study included 94 patients (58 IMRT, 36 3D-RT). Mean follow up for all patients, for IMRT and 3D-RT patients was 61 months (range 6-176), 46 months (range 6-118), and 85 months (range 6-176), respectively. 5-year overall survival (OS) was 86%, disease-free survival (DFS) was 72%, and colostomy-free survival (CFS) was 75% in the IMRT cohort. In the 3D-RT cohort, OS was 87%, DFS was 71%, and CFS was 81% (all p > 0.05). Male gender and Karnofsky Index (KI) were revealed as independent prognostic factors for 5-year OS (p = 0.017; p = 0.023). UICC stage was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and CFS (p = 0.023; p = 0.042). In addition, the pre-treatment leukocyte count was an independent prognostic factor for CFS (p = 0.042). Acute grade ≥ 3 toxicity was not significantly different between IMRT and 3D-RT patients, but the IMRT cohort had favorable outcomes. This study confirmed IMRT as the primary definitive treatment of anal cancer. With similar survival rates, IMRT had the potential to reduce acute toxicity by sparing organs at risk. Promising prognostic factors such as BMI, KI, and leucocyte and hemoglobin levels should be further investigated.
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Siddiqui A, Chauhan P, Halder S, Devadas V, Kumar P. Effect of COVID-19-induced lockdown on NO 2 pollution using TROPOMI and ground-based CPCB observations in Delhi NCR, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:714. [PMID: 36044095 PMCID: PMC9428889 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels using satellite-based (Sentinel-5P TROPOMI) and ground-based (Central Pollution Control Board) observations of 2020. The lockdown duration, monthly, seasonal and annual changes in NO2 were assessed comparing the similar time period in 2019. The study also examines the role of atmospheric parameters like wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure in altering the monthly and annual values of the pollutant. It was ascertained that there was a mean reduction of ~ 61% (~ 66.5%), ~ 58% (~ 51%) in daily mean NO2 pollution during lockdown phase 1 when compared with similar period of 2019 and pre-lockdown phase in 2020 from ground-based (satellite-based) measurements. April month with ~ 57% (~ 57%), summer season with ~ 48% (~ 32%) decline and an annual reduction of ~ 20% (~ 18%) in tropospheric NO2 values were observed (p < 0.001) compared to similar time periods of 2019. It was assessed that the meteorological parameters remained almost similar during various parts of the year in 2019 and 2020, indicating a negligent role in reducing the values of atmospheric pollution, particularly NO2 in the study area. It was concluded that the halt in anthropogenic activities and associated factors was mainly responsible for the reduced values in the Delhi conglomerate. Similar work can be proposed for other pollutants to holistically describe the pollution scenario as an aftermath of COVID-19-induced lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Siddiqui
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001.
| | - Prakash Chauhan
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 500037
| | - Suvankar Halder
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001
| | - V Devadas
- Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001
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Why Japan Is Not a Migration State: A Case of Postcolonial Migration Management and Increased Side-Door Policies. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Blockchain and supply chain finance: a critical literature review at the intersection of operations, finance and law. JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9084544 DOI: 10.1007/s42786-022-00040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current environment, where the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of the incumbent paper-based trade and supply chain finance systems, digital transformation pledges to alleviate the friction on international trade. Here, we provide a timely review of state-of-the-art industry applications and theoretical perspectives on the use of blockchain as the medium toward digitalisation for supply chain finance systems. We argue that blockchain technology has an innovation promoting role in supply chain finance solutions through reducing inefficiencies and increasing visibility between different parties, which have hitherto constituted the main challenges in this sphere. Based on a review of the academic literature as well as an analysis of the industrial solutions that have emerged, we identify and discuss the financial, operational and legal challenges encountered in supply chain financing and the promise of blockchain to address these limitations. We discuss the bottlenecks as well as the benefits of blockchain and identify some necessary conditions required for the emergence of blockchain-enabled trade and supply chain financing, such as the establishment of co-opetition among supply chain actors, integration with IoT systems for data quality, and reform of regulatory and legal frameworks. We conclude by identifying promising research directions about the implementation process, inviting further research into the transformation of business models toward a more collaborative nature.
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Zenitani K. A scalable algorithm for network reachability analysis with cyclic attack graphs. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SECURITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jcs-210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, it is indispensable for us to know our IT infrastructure’s security level to make rational decisions to protect it from malicious attacks. However, the ever-growing scale and complexity of our infrastructures make it difficult. One available approach is attack-graph analysis, a model-based algorithm that generates a directed graph called an attack graph composed of possible attack actions and their AND/OR combinations. An attack graph allows us to identify the logical possibility of cyber-attacks. Unfortunately, attack graphs lack quantitative information, such as the likelihood of a successful attack – the reachability. Meanwhile, some advanced approaches, such as the Bayesian attack-graph, compute reachabilities with an attack graph. Still, those methods have problems in the scalability and the handling of cycles contained in attack graphs. This study proposes and examines another approach named reachability-graph analysis. A reachability graph is a directed graph obtained from an attack graph by which we can compute the reachabilities. It is extremely fast to generate, thus applicable to large-scale network analysis. Furthermore, this method allows cycles in attack graphs. Such a scalable algorithm has been awaited for over a decade; it generates probabilistic security metrics and is guaranteed applicable to any cyclic AND/OR graphs. We compare our approach’s computational efficiency with the Bayesian attack-graph. Also, we apply our approach to large-scale, cyclic attack graphs. Several theoretical properties with proofs and the computational complexity of our approach are examined too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Zenitani
- in Mathematical and Computing Science, Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Di Maida F, Campi R, Lane BR, De Cobelli O, Sanguedolce F, Hatzichristodoulou G, Antonelli A, Grosso AA, Noyes S, Rodriguez-Faba O, Keeley FX, Langenhuijsen J, Musi G, Klatte T, Roscigno M, Akdogan B, Furlan M, Simeone C, Karakoyunlu N, Marszalek M, Capitanio U, Volpe A, Brookman-May S, Gschwend JE, Smaldone MC, Uzzo RG, Kutikov A, Minervini A. Predictors of Positive Surgical Margins after Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Localized Renal Tumors: Insights from a Large Multicenter International Prospective Observational Project (The Surface-Intermediate-Base Margin Score Consortium). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071765. [PMID: 35407375 PMCID: PMC8999836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore predictors of positive surgical margins (PSM) after robotic partial nephrectomy (PN) in a large multicenter international observational project, harnessing the Surface-Intermediate-Base (SIB) margin score to report the resection technique after PN in a standardized way. Methods: Data from consecutive patients with cT1-2N0M0 renal masses treated with PN from September 2014 to March 2015 at 16 tertiary referral centers and included in the SIB margin score International Consortium were prospectively collected. For the present study, only patients treated with robotic PN were included. Uni- and multivariable analysis were fitted to explore clinical and surgical predictors of PSMs after PN. Results: Overall, 289 patients were enrolled. Median (IQR) preoperative tumor size was 3.0 (2.3−4.2) cm and median (IQR) PADUA score was 8 (7−9). SIB scores of 0−2 (enucleation), 3−4 (enucleoresection) and 5 (resection) were reported in 53.3%, 27.3% and 19.4% of cases, respectively. A PSM was recorded in 18 (6.2%) patients. PSM rate was 4.5%, 11.4% and 3.6% in case of enucleation, enucleoresection and resection, respectively. Patients with PSMs had tumors with a higher rate of contact with the urinary collecting system (55.6% vs. 27.3%; p < 0.001) and a longer median warm ischemia time (22 vs. 16 min; p = 0.02) compared with patients with negative surgical margins, while no differences emerged between the two groups in terms of other tumor features (i.e., pathological diameter, PADUA score). In multivariable analysis, only enucleoresection (SIB score 3−4) versus enucleation (SIB score 0−2) was found to be an independent predictor of PSM at final pathology (HR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.25−7.63; p = 0.04), while resection (SIB score 5) was not. Conclusions: In our experience, enucleoresection led to a higher risk of PSMs as compared to enucleation. Further studies are needed to assess the differential impacts of resection technique and surgeon’s experience on margin status after robotic PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Maida
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Brian R. Lane
- Department of Urology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, MI 49508, USA; (B.R.L.); (S.N.)
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (O.D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Sanguedolce
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (F.S.); (F.X.K.)
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Fundacio Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Georgios Hatzichristodoulou
- Department of Urology, Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (G.H.); (J.E.G.)
- Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, 90491 Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Urology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (M.F.); (C.S.)
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Andrea Grosso
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Sabrina Noyes
- Department of Urology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, MI 49508, USA; (B.R.L.); (S.N.)
| | | | - Frank X. Keeley
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (F.S.); (F.X.K.)
| | - Johan Langenhuijsen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (O.D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK;
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Roscigno
- Department of Urology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Bulent Akdogan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Maria Furlan
- Department of Urology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (M.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudio Simeone
- Department of Urology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (M.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Nihat Karakoyunlu
- Department of Urology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06145, Turkey;
| | - Martin Marszalek
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sozialmedizinishes Zentrum Ost-Donauspital, 1220 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Urology, Graz Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Volpe
- Department of Urology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Sabine Brookman-May
- Department of Urology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany;
- Janssen Pharma Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jürgen E. Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (G.H.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Marc C. Smaldone
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (M.C.S.); (R.G.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (M.C.S.); (R.G.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Kutikov
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (M.C.S.); (R.G.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Sauter C, Peeken JC, Borm K, Diehl C, Münch S, Combs SE, Dapper H. Quality of life in patients treated with radiochemotherapy for primary diagnosis of anal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4416. [PMID: 35292732 PMCID: PMC8924204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal cancer and the related treatment are generally known to affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported quality of life (QoL) of anal cancer patients after combined radiation and chemotherapy, and to identify patient-, disease-, and therapy-related factors associated with QoL. A total of 94 patients treated with definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer at our institution in the period from 2004 to 2018 were identified from our database. QoL was assessed in the remaining 52 patients using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire (cancer-specific QoL) and the newly developed anal cancer module QLQ-ANL27 (site-specific QoL). Differences in QoL between anal cancer patients and a German age and sex adjusted reference population were examined. The median follow-up was 71 months (range, 7–176). In the cancer-specific QoL module, the anal cancer cohort presented with significantly lower scores in role (− 12.2 points), emotional (− 6.6 points), and social functioning (− 6.8 points), but higher scores in diarrhea (+ 36.3 points) and constipation (+ 13.3 points) than the German reference population. There were no significant differences in disease- or therapy-related factors, but age greater than 70 years and a follow-up time greater than 71 months had a negative impact on global QoL. As for the site-specific QoL, patients with a tumor relapse showed significantly higher symptom scores than patients with a complete clinical remission in all scales except of micturition frequency. Compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy, IMRT treatment seemed to improve non-stoma bowel function (+ 23.3 points), female sexual functioning (+ 24.2 points), and came along with less scores in the symptom scales pain (− 35.9 points), toilet proximity (− 28.6 points), and cleanliness (− 26.2 points). Most of the functional scores of anal cancer patients were lower compared to the general German population, but did not seem to affect the general QoL. Fatigue, physical, and role functioning had the strongest impact on global QoL causing psychological symptoms as important as physical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sauter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan C Peeken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kai Borm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Diehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Münch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dapper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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22
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Degiuli M, Elmore U, De Luca R, De Nardi P, Tomatis M, Biondi A, Persiani R, Solaini L, Rizzo G, Soriero D, Cianflocca D, Milone M, Turri G, Rega D, Delrio P, Pedrazzani C, De Palma GD, Borghi F, Scabini S, Coco C, Cavaliere D, Simone M, Rosati R, Reddavid R. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer (RALAR study): A nationwide retrospective study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:264-276. [PMID: 34816571 PMCID: PMC9300066 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Anastomotic leakage after restorative surgery for rectal cancer shows high morbidity and related mortality. Identification of risk factors could change operative planning, with indications for stoma construction. This retrospective multicentre study aims to assess the anastomotic leak rate, identify the independent risk factors and develop a clinical prediction model to calculate the probability of leakage. METHODS The study used data from 24 Italian referral centres of the Colorectal Cancer Network of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology. Patients were classified into two groups, AL (anastomotic leak) or NoAL (no anastomotic leak). The effect of patient-, disease-, treatment- and postoperative outcome-related factors on anastomotic leak after univariable and multivariable analysis was measured. RESULTS A total of 5398 patients were included, 552 in group AL and 4846 in group NoAL. The overall incidence of leaks was 10.2%, with a mean time interval of 6.8 days. The 30-day leak-related mortality was 2.6%. Sex, body mass index, tumour location, type of approach, number of cartridges employed, weight loss, clinical T stage and combined multiorgan resection were identified as independent risk factors. The stoma did not reduce the leak rate but significantly decreased leak severity and reoperation rate. A nomogram with a risk score (RALAR score) was developed to predict anastomotic leak risk at the end of resection. CONCLUSIONS While a defunctioning stoma did not affect the leak risk, it significantly reduced its severity. Surgeons should recognize independent risk factors for leaks at the end of rectal resection and could calculate a risk score to select high-risk patients eligible for protective stoma construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Degiuli
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive SurgeryDepartment of OncologySan Luigi University HospitalUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Ugo Elmore
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgerySan Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgical OncologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori ‘G. Paolo II’BariItaly
| | - Paola De Nardi
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgerySan Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | | | - Alberto Biondi
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli—IRCCSAREA di Chirurgia AddominaleRomeItaly
| | - Roberto Persiani
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli—IRCCSAREA di Chirurgia AddominaleRomeItaly
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- General and Oncologic SurgeryMorgagni‐Pierantoni HospitalAusl RomagnaForlìItaly
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCSChirurgia Generale Presidio ColumbusRomeItaly
| | - Domenico Soriero
- Surgical Oncology SurgeryIRCCS Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | | | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryDepartment of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Endoscopic SurgeryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Giulia Turri
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary SurgeryDepartment of Surgical SciencesDentistry, Gynaecology and PaediatricsUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Daniela Rega
- Colorectal Surgical OncologyAbdominal Oncology DepartmentFondazione Giovanni Pascale IRCCSNaplesItaly
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgical OncologyAbdominal Oncology DepartmentFondazione Giovanni Pascale IRCCSNaplesItaly
| | - Corrado Pedrazzani
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary SurgeryDepartment of Surgical SciencesDentistry, Gynaecology and PaediatricsUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Giovanni D. De Palma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryDepartment of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Endoscopic SurgeryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - Felice Borghi
- Department of SurgeryS. Croce e Carle HospitalCuneoItaly
| | - Stefano Scabini
- Surgical Oncology SurgeryIRCCS Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Claudio Coco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCSChirurgia Generale Presidio ColumbusUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Davide Cavaliere
- General and Oncologic SurgeryMorgagni‐Pierantoni HospitalAusl RomagnaForlìItaly
| | - Michele Simone
- Department of Surgical OncologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori ‘G. Paolo II’BariItaly
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgerySan Raffaele HospitalVita Salute UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Rossella Reddavid
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive SurgeryDepartment of OncologySan Luigi University HospitalUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
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Namarvari H, Razmara N, Meneghini JR, Miranda CR. Effect of SWCNT volume fraction on the viscosity of water-based nanofluids. J Mol Model 2021; 27:253. [PMID: 34405317 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanofluids have received a great deal of interest in recent years because of their various unique features. According to the findings, the addition of nanotubes to the base materials can drastically alter their properties. In the present work, the viscosity of a typical water-based nanofluid containing single-walled carbon nanotubes is estimated using the molecular dynamics simulation for different volume fractions ranging between 0.557 and 3% at two temperatures (298 K and 313 K). The temperature of the systems is controlled using a Nose-Hoover thermostat. For calculating viscosity, the Green-Kubo equilibrium method is used. The enthalpy, potential, kinetic, and total energies are calculated to determine the system's stability. In addition, the influence of molecular mass on these energies is studied. The nanotube under investigation is an armchair(6,6)-type single-walled carbon nanotube. The results highlight the promise of the molecular dynamics simulation technique as a powerful tool in the prediction of nanofluid properties besides the experimental results. The value of viscosity will decrease as the temperature rises, much like the base fluid. Furthermore, it is shown that the viscosity is proportional to the volume fraction of water-SWCNT nanofluid. According to the results, a new viscosity relationship for volume fractions in the range of ϕ ≤ 3% is proposed. The viscosity, temperature, and volume fraction are all linked together in this equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Namarvari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Naiyer Razmara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio Romano Meneghini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Pre-release training, predator interactions and evidence for persistence of anti-predator behavior in reintroduced `alalā, Hawaiian crow. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mökander J, Morley J, Taddeo M, Floridi L. Ethics-Based Auditing of Automated Decision-Making Systems: Nature, Scope, and Limitations. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2021; 27:44. [PMID: 34231029 PMCID: PMC8260507 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-021-00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Important decisions that impact humans lives, livelihoods, and the natural environment are increasingly being automated. Delegating tasks to so-called automated decision-making systems (ADMS) can improve efficiency and enable new solutions. However, these benefits are coupled with ethical challenges. For example, ADMS may produce discriminatory outcomes, violate individual privacy, and undermine human self-determination. New governance mechanisms are thus needed that help organisations design and deploy ADMS in ways that are ethical, while enabling society to reap the full economic and social benefits of automation. In this article, we consider the feasibility and efficacy of ethics-based auditing (EBA) as a governance mechanism that allows organisations to validate claims made about their ADMS. Building on previous work, we define EBA as a structured process whereby an entity's present or past behaviour is assessed for consistency with relevant principles or norms. We then offer three contributions to the existing literature. First, we provide a theoretical explanation of how EBA can contribute to good governance by promoting procedural regularity and transparency. Second, we propose seven criteria for how to design and implement EBA procedures successfully. Third, we identify and discuss the conceptual, technical, social, economic, organisational, and institutional constraints associated with EBA. We conclude that EBA should be considered an integral component of multifaced approaches to managing the ethical risks posed by ADMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mökander
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles’, Oxford, OX1 3JS UK
| | - Jessica Morley
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles’, Oxford, OX1 3JS UK
| | - Mariarosaria Taddeo
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles’, Oxford, OX1 3JS UK
- Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK
| | - Luciano Floridi
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles’, Oxford, OX1 3JS UK
- Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK
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The Effects of Bike Desks in Formal Education Classroom-Based Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of the research conducted on classroom-based physical activity using bike desks, a school health prevention strategy. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of bike desks effects on formal education students. Articles from two databases, Web of Science and PubMed, were analyzed according to PRISMA. The quality of each study was analyzed. After the exclusion criteria, eight articles were fully assessed based on six criteria: (1) author and year, (2) setting and sample, (3) duration, (4) outcomes measurements, (5) instruments and (6) main results. The results show how the interventions are mainly in secondary education and university, and most of them are quantitative studies of short-term interventions. Physical activity is the most frequently variable assessed, using logs, questionnaires and objective methods such as accelerometry and heart rate monitoring. Based on all the studies, it is feasible to implement bike desks in the classroom during theoretical lessons. The weaknesses are related to small samples and the use of different instruments to measure. In conclusion, this systematic review compiles the current information about bike desks in order to inform teachers and administrators for the implementation of bike desk in their schools. They should consider bike desks’ strengths and weaknesses.
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Preiss LC, Liu R, Hewitt P, Thompson D, Georgi K, Badolo L, Lauschke VM, Petersson C. Deconvolution of Cytochrome P450 Induction Mechanisms in HepaRG Nuclear Hormone Receptor Knockout Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:668-678. [PMID: 34035124 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and PXR/CAR knockout (KO) HepaRG cells, as well as a PXR reporter gene assay, were used to investigate the mechanism of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction by prototypical substrates and a group of compounds from the Merck KGaA oncology drug discovery pipeline. The basal and inducible gene expression of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 of nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) KO HepaRG relative to control HepaRG was characterized. The basal expression of CYP3A4 was markedly higher in the PXR (10-fold) and CAR (11-fold) KO cell lines compared with control HepaRG, whereas inducibility was substantially lower. Inversely, basal expression of CYP3A4 in PXR/CAR double KO (dKO) was low (10-fold reduction). Basal CYP2B6 expression was high in PXR KO (9-fold) cells which showed low inducibility, whereas the basal expression remained unchanged in CAR and dKO cell lines compared with control cells. Most of the test compounds induced CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 via PXR and, to a lesser extent, via CAR. Furthermore, other non-NHR-driven induction mechanisms were implicated, either alone or in addition to NHRs. Notably, 5 of the 16 compounds (31%) that were PXR inducers in HepaRG did not activate PXR in the reporter gene assay, illustrating the limitations of this system. This study indicates that HepaRG is a highly sensitive system fit for early screening of cytochrome P450 (P450) induction in drug discovery. Furthermore, it shows the applicability of HepaRG NHR KO cells as tools to deconvolute mechanisms of P450 induction using novel compounds representative for oncology drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work describes the identification of induction mechanisms of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 for an assembly of oncology drug candidates using HepaRG nuclear hormone receptor knockout and displays its advantages compared to a pregnane X receptor reporter gene assay. With this study, risk assessment of drug candidates in early drug development can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Preiss
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Ruoqi Liu
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - David Thompson
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Katrin Georgi
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Lassina Badolo
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
| | - Carl Petersson
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.C.P., R.L., K.G., L.B., C.P.) and Early Chemical and Preclinical Safety (P.H.), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.C.P., V.M.L.); and Research & Development, In Vitro Safety Systems, MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, Missouri (D.T.)
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Singh B, Ahmed J, Biswas A, Paira R, Mandal SK. Reduced Phenalenyl in Catalytic Dehalogenative Deuteration and Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Halides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7242-7255. [PMID: 33949861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dehalogenative deuteration reactions are generally performed through metal-mediated processes. This report demonstrates a mild protocol for hydrodehalogenation and dehalogenative deuteration of aryl/heteroaryl halides (39 examples) using a reduced odd alternant hydrocarbon phenalenyl under transition metal-free conditions and has been employed successfully for the incorporation of deuterium in various biologically active compounds. The combined approach of experimental and theoretical studies revealed a single electron transfer-based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagat Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Amit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rupankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Manindra Chandra College, 20 Ramkanto Bose Street, Kolkata 700003, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Małkiewicz B, Kiełb P, Gurwin A, Knecht K, Wilk K, Dobruch J, Zdrojowy R. The Usefulness of Lymphadenectomy in Bladder Cancer-Current Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050415. [PMID: 33922894 PMCID: PMC8145304 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present the current status of lymph node dissection (LND) during radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). Despite the growing body of evidence of LND utility at the time of radical cystectomy (RC) in high-risk nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC), therapeutic and prognostic value and optimal extent of LND remain unsolved issues. Recently published results of the first prospective, a randomized trial assessing the therapeutic benefit of extended versus limited LND during RC, failed to demonstrate survival improvement with the extended template. Although LND is the most accurate staging procedure, the direct therapeutic effect is still not evident from the current literature, limiting the possibility of establishing clear recommendations. This indicates the need for robust and adequately powered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-506-158-136
| | - Paweł Kiełb
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Adam Gurwin
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Klaudia Knecht
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Karol Wilk
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- First Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Romuald Zdrojowy
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (K.K.); (K.W.); (R.Z.)
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Soh PXY, Hsu WT, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Evaluation of genetic diversity and management of disease in Border Collie dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6243. [PMID: 33737533 PMCID: PMC7973533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genetic diversity in dog breeds is an important consideration for the management of inherited diseases. We evaluated genetic diversity in Border Collies using molecular and genealogical methods, and examined changes to genetic diversity when carriers for Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) are removed from the genotyped population. Genotype data for 255 Border Collies and a pedigree database of 83,996 Border Collies were used for analysis. Molecular estimates revealed a mean multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) of 0.311 (SD 0.027), 20.79% of the genome consisted of runs of homozygosity (ROH ) > 1 Mb, effective population size (Ne) was 84.7, and mean inbreeding (F) was 0.052 (SD 0.083). For 227 genotyped Border Collies that had available pedigree information (GenoPed), molecular and pedigree estimates of diversity were compared. A reference population (dogs born between 2005 and 2015, inclusive; N = 13,523; RefPop) and their ancestors (N = 12,478) were used to evaluate the diversity of the population that are contributing to the current generation. The reference population had a Ne of 123.5, a mean F of 0.095 (SD 0.082), 2276 founders (f), 205.5 effective founders (fe), 28 effective ancestors (fa) and 10.65 (SD 2.82) founder genomes (Ng). Removing TNS and NCL carriers from the genotyped population had a small impact on diversity measures (ROH > 1 Mb, MLH, heterozygosity), however, there was a loss of > 10% minor allele frequency for 89 SNPs around the TNS mutation (maximum loss of 12.7%), and a loss of > 5% for 5 SNPs around the NCL mutation (maximum 5.18%). A common ancestor was identified for 38 TNS-affected dogs and 64 TNS carriers, and a different common ancestor was identified for 33 NCL-affected dogs and 28 carriers, with some overlap of prominent individuals between both pedigrees. Overall, Border Collies have a high level of genetic diversity compared to other breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Wei Tse Hsu
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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Cantrell MS, McDougal OM. Biomedical rationale for acrylamide regulation and methods of detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2176-2205. [PMID: 33484492 PMCID: PMC8394876 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is the product of the Maillard reaction, which occurs when starchy, asparagine-rich foods including potato or grain products and coffee are fried, baked, roasted, or heated. Studies in rodents provide evidence that acrylamide is carcinogenic and a male reproductive harmful agent when administered in exceedingly high levels. A 2002 study identified acrylamide in popular consumer food and beverage products, stimulating the European Union (EU) and California to legislate public notice of acrylamide presence in fried and baked foods, and coffee products. The regulatory legislation enacted in the EU and California has scientists working to develop foods and processes aimed at reducing acrylamide formation and advancing rapid and accurate analytical methods for the quantitative and qualitative determination of acrylamide in food and beverage products. The purpose of this review is to survey the studies performed on rodents and humans that identified the potential health impact of acrylamide in the human diet, and provide insight into established and emerging analytical methods used to detect acrylamide in blood, aqueous samples, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda S. Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Owen M. McDougal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Feijóo-Vivas K, Bermúdez-Puga SA, Rebolledo H, Figueroa JM, Zamora P, Naranjo-Briceño L. Bioproductos desarrollados a partir de micelio de hongos: Una nueva cultura material y su impacto en la transición hacia una economía sostenible. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El biodiseño y biofabricación de biomateriales a partir de residuos vegetales lignocelulósicos y auto-generados por el micelio de hongos es un campo de investigación emergente desde las últimas dos décadas. Surge una nueva cultura material que se basa en los nuevos paradigmas de la fabricación alternativa partiendo de la lógica “de hacer crecer los nuevos materiales en lugar de extraerlos” e integrando los principios básicos de la economía circular y de la Biotecnología Material, asegurando la susceptibilidad de los mismos a ser biodegradados y volver a su estado original en la naturaleza. Su implementación a nivel industrial en distintas áreas de la manufactura comienza a competir con el cuero de origen animal, materiales y productos de origen petroquímico, a la vez que promueve nuevas alternativas de alimentos proteicos sustentables que contribuyan al cambio de los patrones de consumo humano de alto impacto ambiental arraigados a nivel global. La presente revisión, aborda una mirada particular que va desde lo molecular a lo global sobre la nueva cultura micelial, considerando aspectos generales del reino Fungi, la morfogénesis, composición química e integridad celular del micelio, los sistemas multienzimáticos extracelulares de degradación de lignocelulosa que poseen los hongos, pasando por los principales sustratos empleados, los biomateriales desarrollados a partir de micelio a nivel industrial, destacando los biotextiles, materiales y productos para el empaquetamiento y aislamiento, nuevas fuentes alimentarias basadas en el micelio, el arte y el diseño arquitectónico. Finalmente, se presenta el estado del arte actual de las empresas o laboratorios vanguardistas que suscitan una economía circular basada en el micelio de hongos a nivel mundial, al reemplazar recursos y productos de origen fósil por materiales amigables con el entorno, generando alternativas sostenibles y ciclos de producción con una baja demanda de energía y sin repercusiones al medio ambiente, es decir, promoviendo una nueva conciencia material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Feijóo-Vivas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Ingeniería en Biotecnología. Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, vía Muyuna, km. 7, CP 150150, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Stalin A. Bermúdez-Puga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Ingeniería en Biotecnología. Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, vía Muyuna, km. 7, CP 150150, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Hernán Rebolledo
- Spora Biotech, Fundo Santa Paulina, Rosario, Rengo, VI Región del General Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP 2940000, Chile
| | - José Miguel Figueroa
- Spora Biotech, Fundo Santa Paulina, Rosario, Rengo, VI Región del General Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP 2940000, Chile
| | - Pablo Zamora
- 3Spora Biotech, Fundo Santa Paulina, Rosario, Rengo, VI Región del General Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP 2940000, Chile. 4Vincula S&C, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Leopoldo Naranjo-Briceño
- 1Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Ingeniería en Biotecnología. Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, vía Muyuna, km. 7, CP 150150, Tena, Ecuador. 2Grupo de Microbiología Aplicada, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, vía Muyuna, km. 7, CP 150150, Tena, Ecuador. 3Spora Biotech, Fundo Santa Paulina, Rosario, Rengo, VI Región del General Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP 2940000, Chile
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Brief report: Changes in quality of life and social functioning during vocational program - a pilot study of autistic adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3774-3781. [PMID: 33387243 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL), social-emotional and occupational functioning are often diminished in young autistic adults. Measuring these constructs as vocational training outcomes may inform future programming and relevancy of measures. METHODS This pilot study analyzed changes in social-emotional functioning and QoL during the involvement at a vocational program for autistic adults using the WHOQOL-BREF, a modified version of the Birchwood- Social Functioning Scale (SFS-m) and a piloted measure. Participants completed these self-reported questionnaires upon admission and at 3 months. RESULTS Significant change was found on the SFS-m and two WHOQOL-BREF domains: psychological and environmental. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that autistic adults, similar in characterization, can self-report using these QoL and social measures; further, these measures are sensitive to certain changes over time in such group programs.
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Guarneri G, de Mestier L, Landoni L, Partelli S, Gaujoux S, Andreasi V, Nessi C, Dokmak S, Fontana M, Dousset B, Ruszniewski P, Bassi C, Falconi M, Sauvanet A. Prognostic Role of Examined and Positive Lymph Nodes after Distal Pancreatectomy for Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:728-738. [PMID: 32585667 DOI: 10.1159/000509709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most appropriate nodal staging system for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PanNETs) remains unclear. Despite some evidence is available for pancreaticoduodenectomy, the adequate nodal staging is still unknown for distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) after DP for NF-PanNETs and to define the minimal number of lymph nodes to be harvested for an appropriate nodal staging. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent DP with curative intent (R0-R1) for sporadic well-differentiated NF-PanNETs in 4 European high-volume centres. NF-PanNETs with nodal involvement (N+) were subclassified into N1 (1-3 PLNs) and N2 (4 or more PLNs). Univariate and multivariate analyses of disease-free survival (DFS) were performed. RESULTS Of 271 patients in the study, 62 (23%) had nodal involvement (N+). A higher probability of N+ was associated with the following factors: grading, resection margin status, perineural and microvascular invasion, and the number of examined lymph nodes. Three-year DFS rate for N0, N1, and N2 patients was 92, 72, and 50%, respectively (p < 0.001). At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of DFS were grading, T stage, presence of necrosis, and nodal status. For patients with ≥12 examined/resected lymph nodes, the N status remained a significant predictor of disease recurrence (p < 0.001), while it failed to predict recurrence in patients with <12 lymph nodes examined/resected (p = 0.116). CONCLUSIONS A minimal number of 12 nodes should be harvested in case of DP for NF-PanNET for an appropriate nodal staging. The number of positive lymph nodes is an independent predictor of DFS after DP for NF-PanNET, and the N0/N1/N2 nodal classification seems to be more relevant than the current N0/N+ staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Guarneri
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, France,
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy,
| | - Louis de Mestier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Luca Landoni
- General and Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sébastien Gaujoux
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Nessi
- General and Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Safi Dokmak
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Michele Fontana
- General and Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bertrand Dousset
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ruszniewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Claudio Bassi
- General and Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alain Sauvanet
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, France
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Hermans LWA, Regis M, Fonseca P, Hoondert B, Leufkens TRM, Overeem S, van Gilst MM. Sleep-Wake Survival Dynamics in People with Insomnia. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:349-360. [PMID: 33737849 PMCID: PMC7966352 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s295699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing objective measures of sleep fragmentation could yield important features reflecting impaired sleep quality in people with insomnia. Survival analysis allows the specific examination of the stability of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wake. The objective of this study was to assess the differences between survival dynamics of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wake between people with insomnia and healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed retrospective polysomnography recordings from 86 people with insomnia and 94 healthy controls. For each participant, survival dynamics of REM sleep, NREM sleep and wake were represented using Weibull distributions. We used lasso penalized parameter selection in combination with linear regression to analyze the difference between participant groups with respect to the Weibull scale and shape parameters, while correcting for age, sex, total sleep time and relevant interaction effects. RESULTS Significant effects of group were found for the NREM scale parameter, and for the wake scale and shape parameters. Results indicated that people with insomnia had less stable NREM sleep and more stable wake after sleep onset compared to healthy controls. Additionally, the altered distribution of wake segment lengths indicated an increased difficulty to fall asleep after longer awakenings in the insomnia group. However, these differences were mainly observed in younger participants. Significant effects of group for the survival parameters of REM sleep were not found. CONCLUSION As illustrated by our results, survival analysis can be very useful for disentangling different types of sleep fragmentation in people with insomnia. For instance, the current findings suggest that people with insomnia have an increased fragmentation of NREM sleep, but not necessarily of REM sleep. Additional research into the underlying mechanisms of NREM sleep fragmentation could possibly lead to a better understanding of impaired sleep quality in people with insomnia, and consequently to improved treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke W A Hermans
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Regis
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Fonseca
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sebastiaan Overeem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Merel M van Gilst
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
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Thieux M, Zhang M, Marcastel A, Herbillon V, Guignard-Perret A, Seugnet L, Lin JS, Guyon A, Plancoulaine S, Franco P. Intellectual Abilities of Children with Narcolepsy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124075. [PMID: 33348677 PMCID: PMC7766444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High cognitive functioning could be a protective factor for school difficulties, behavioral and mood impairments in children with narcolepsy. To investigate this factor, we studied the intellectual abilities of 74 children with narcolepsy (43 boys, 11.7 years old at diagnosis, 91% of cataplexies, 64% obese, 100% HLA positive for DR-DQB1*06:02). All children underwent a one-night polysomnography followed by Multiple Sleep Latency Tests, an evaluation of intelligence quotient (IQ), and filled standardized questionnaires. Thirty-eight percent had high potentialities (HP defined by IQ > 130) and 48% had school difficulties. Using non-parametric tests, we found that HP children reported less difficulties at school and tended to have less impulsivity, conduct, and learning disorders than those without HP. They also tended to be less obese and had less desaturation. Using a multivariate regression analysis, we found an association between the REM sleep percentage and the IQ. REM sleep could be involved in the dynamic changes contributing to the equilibrium of intellectual functioning. This study highlights that despite their frequent school difficulties, narcolepsy per se is unlikely to be a cause of intellectual disability in children. Prompt diagnosis and management of comorbidities such as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) could improve cognitive and school performances in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Thieux
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Min Zhang
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Agathe Marcastel
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anne Guignard-Perret
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Aurore Guyon
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | | | - Patricia Franco
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-4-27-85-60-52
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Is this a Real Choice? Critical Exploration of the Social License to Operate in the Oil Extraction Context of the Ecuadorian Amazon. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to critically analyze the social license to operate (SLO) for an oil company operating in Block 10, an oil concession located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The specific study area is an important biodiversity hotspot, inhabited by indigenous villages. A mixed-methods approach was used to support a deeper understanding of SLO, grounded in participants’ direct experience. Semi-structured interviews (N = 53) were conducted with village leaders and members, indigenous associations, State institutions, and oil company staff, while household surveys were conducted with village residents (N = 346). The qualitative data informed a modified version of Moffat and Zhang’s SLO model, which was tested through structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses. Compared to the reference model, our findings revealed a more crucial role of procedural fairness in building community trust, as well as acceptance and approval of the company. Procedural fairness was found to be central in mediating the relationship between trust and the effects of essential services provided by the company (medical assistance, education, house availability) and sources of livelihoods (i.e., fishing, hunting, harvesting, cultivating, and waterway quality). The main results suggested that the concept of SLO may not appropriately apply without taking into account a community’s autonomy to decline company operation. To enhance procedural fairness and respect for the right of community self-determination, companies may need to consider the following: Establishing a meaningful and transparent dialogue with the local community; engaging the community in decision-making processes; enhancing fair distribution of project benefits; and properly addressing community concerns, even in the form of protests. The respect of the free prior informed consent procedure is also needed, through the collaboration of both the State and companies. The reduction of community dependence on companies (e.g., through the presence of developmental alternatives to oil extraction) is another important requirement to support an authentic SLO in the study area.
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Tamburrino D, Guarneri G, Pagnanelli M, Crippa S, Partelli S, Belfiori G, Capurso G, Falconi M. Chemopreventive Agents After Pancreatic Resection for Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Legend or Scientific Evidence? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:2312-2322. [PMID: 32920722 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. A wealth of evidence has demonstrated the chemopreventive activity of aspirin, statins, and metformin against PDAC. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aspirin, statins, and metformin on disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in a large population of PDAC patients undergoing pancreatic resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients who underwent pancreatic resections between January 2015 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The potentially "chemopreventive agents" considered for the analysis were aspirin, statins, and metformin. Drug use was defined in case of regular assumption at least 6 months before diagnosis and regularly after surgery along the follow-up period. RESULTS A total of 430 patients were enrolled in this study, with median DFS and DSS of 21 months (IQR 13-30) months and 34 (IQR 26-52) months, respectively. On multivariable analysis, use of aspirin was associated with better DFS (HR: 0.62; p = 0.038). Metformin was associated with better DFS, without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.083). Use of statins did not influence DFS in the studied population. Aspirin, metformin, and statins were not associated with better DSS on multivariable analysis. Factors influencing DSS were pT3/pT4, N1, N2, no adjuvant treatment, G3, and ASA score > 3. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that chronic use of aspirin is associated with increased DFS but not with better DSS after surgical resection in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tamburrino
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guarneri
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Pagnanelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Crippa
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Belfiori
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Dube A, Renju J, Wamoyi J, Hassan F, Seeley J, Chimukuche RS, Songo J, Kalua T, Crampin A, Moshabela M, Wringe A. Consequences of male partner engagement policies on HIV care-seeking in three African countries: Findings from the SHAPE UTT study. Glob Public Health 2020; 16:216-226. [PMID: 32780669 PMCID: PMC7612866 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1805788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We explored how strategies to promote male partner engagement influenced HIV care-seeking among men and women living with HIV. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 health workers, 66 female service users and 10 male partners in Ifakara (Tanzania), Karonga (Malawi) and uMkhanyakude (South Africa) to elicit experiences of offering, providing or receiving HIV care in the context of antenatal care. Data were coded inductively and analysed thematically. Participants reported benefits of couple testing during antenatal care, including facilitated HIV status disclosure and mutual support for HIV care-seeking. However, unintended consequences included women attending without partners, being refused or delayed access to antenatal services. Some women were required to obtain letters from village leaders to justify the absence of their partners, again to delaying or disrupting care-seeking. When partners attended antenatal care, consultations were reportedly more likely to focus on HIV testing, and less on antenatal or neonatal care. Strategies to increase men's attendance at HIV clinics with their partners can promote mutual support within couples for HIV care engagement, but may risk undermining engagement in pregnancy and HIV care for some women if over-stringently applied. Efforts are needed to address the underlying pervasive stigma associated with HIV care, both alone and as a couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dube
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jenny Renju
- Department of population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Wamoyi
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Farida Hassan
- Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - John Songo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Thokozani Kalua
- Department of HIV and AIDS, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Amelia Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mosa Moshabela
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alison Wringe
- Department of population health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Single-Beam Acoustic Doppler Profiler and Co-Located Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Flow Velocity Data. DATA 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/data5030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) are routinely used to measure flow velocity in the ocean, enabling multi-points measurement along a profile while Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) are laboratory instruments that provide very precise point velocity measurement. The experimental set-up allows laboratory comparison of measurement from these two instruments. Simultaneous multi-point measurements of velocity along the horizontal tank profile from Single-Beam Acoustic Doppler Profiler (SB-ADP) were compared against multiple co-located point measurements from an ADV. Measurements were performed in the FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility at the University of Edinburgh at flow velocities between 0.6 ms − 1 and 1.2 ms − 1 . This paper describes the data; the analysis of the inter-instrument comparison is presented in an associated Sensors paper by the same authors. This data-set contains (a) time series of raw SB-ADP uni-directional velocity measurements along a 10 m tank profile binned into 54 measurements cells and (b) ADV point measurements of three-directional velocity time series recorded in beam coordinates at selected locations along the profile. Associated with the data are instrument generated quality data, metadata and user-derived quality flags. An analysis of the quality of SB-ADP data along the profile is presented. This data-set provides multiple contemporaneous velocity measurements along the tank profile, relevant for correlation statistics, length-scale calculations and validation of numerical models simulating flow hydrodynamics in circular test facilities.
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Feijóo C, Kwon Y, Bauer JM, Bohlin E, Howell B, Jain R, Potgieter P, Vu K, Whalley J, Xia J. Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy. TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY 2020; 44:101988. [PMID: 32377031 PMCID: PMC7200378 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests-and even their own political stability-in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Feijóo
- Technical University of Madrid, Spain
- Tongji University, China
- Corresponding author. Technical University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Youngsun Kwon
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Rekha Jain
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Khuong Vu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jun Xia
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
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The effect of nest topology on spatial organization and recruitment in the red ant Myrmica rubra. Naturwissenschaften 2020; 107:23. [PMID: 32436082 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-01675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nests of social insects are an important area for the exchange of food and information among workers. We investigated how the topology of nest chambers (as opposed to nest size or environmental factors) affects the spatial distribution of nestmates and the foraging behavior of Myrmica rubra ant colonies. Colonies were housed in artificial nests, each with same-sized chambers differing in the spatial arrangement of galleries. A highly connected central chamber favored higher occupancy rates and a more homogeneous distribution of ants across chambers. In contrast, a chain of successive chambers led to a more heterogeneous distribution of ants, with the occupancy of a chamber chiefly mediated by its distance to the entrance. Irrespective of nest topology, the entrance chamber housed the largest proportion of ants, often including the queen, which exhibited a preference for staying in densely populated chambers. Finally, we investigated how nest topology influenced nestmate recruitment. Surprisingly, a highly connected chamber in the center of the nest did not promote greater recruitment nor activation of ants. At the onset of foraging, the largest number of moving ants was reached in the topology where the most connected chamber was the nest entrance. Later in the process, we found that a chain of successive chambers was the best topology for promoting ant's mobilization. Our work demonstrates that nest topology can shape the spatial organization and the collective response of ant colonies, thereby taking part in their adaptative strategies to exploit environmental resources.
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Identification of the Building Envelope Performance of a Residential Building: A Case Study. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since households are one of the most energy-intensive sectors in Europe, retrofit of dwellings is promoted to increase energy efficiency. Recent research, however, shows that the energy performance after retrofit does not always meet the target values, which can be caused by amongst other things, a deviating building envelope performance. This paper compares the theoretical and measured building envelope performance for a real-life case study in post-retrofit state, in order to illustrate the limitations of calculation methods and characterization models. First, the performance is evaluated on building scale by verifying the correspondence between the default theoretical heat loss coefficient (HLC) and the measured HLC, which was determined by following the guidelines formulated within IEA EBC Annex 58 and Annex 71. In order to illustrate the limitations of the standard calculation method in real-life conditions, the theoretical variability of the HLC is evaluated, generated by variating infiltration heat losses and heat exchange with neighboring dwellings. Second, the performance is investigated on a component scale by assessing the theoretical and measured thermal resistances, identified from heat flux tests. Additionally, nonhomogeneous assembled components and air leaks are simulated to verify probable causes for the locally varying measured values and to illustrate the limitations of calculations and characterization methods. The results illustrate the limitations of the calculation methods by the assessment of the strong variability of the theoretical HLC, depending on assumptions regarding infiltration and heat exchange with neighboring dwellings. In addition, component simulations indicated that deficiencies on a component scale could be caused by a nonhomogeneous assembly and air cavity flows of the component. Moreover, a detailed assessment of an unreliable thermal resistance illustrates the limitations of the used characterization method. Finally, a contrast was found between the quite good performance on building scale (15% deviation between the theoretical and measured HLC) and poor performance on a component scale (only one out of nine monitored components met their theoretical target values), which illustrates the complexity of the building envelope performance.
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Optimal method for measuring invasive size that predicts survival in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1291-1298. [PMID: 32088782 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal method for measuring pathological invasive size that predicts prognosis in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). METHODS We analyzed patients who underwent complete surgical resection for lung IMA. The invasive size of IMA was measured using two methods: (1) excluding lepidic method (ELM), that is, lepidic component was excluded from the invasive area regardless of alveolar mucin and (2) including lepidic method (ILM), that is, lepidic component was included as invasive area if alveolar space was filled with mucin. The prognostic predictability of ELM and ILM on survival was assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression models. The discriminative power was assessed using concordance probability estimate (CPE) and Akaike's information criteria (AIC), and the prognostic impact of the newly redefined pathological stage according to ELM or ILM was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 101 patients were included. The median invasive size via ELM and ILM was 1.4 cm (range, 0.0-7.7 cm) and 2.1 cm (range, 0.0-14.2 cm), respectively. ELM had better discriminative power than ILM (ELM, HR = 1.38, AIC = 110.19, CPE = 0.671; ILM, HR = 1.19, AIC = 111.52, CPE = 0.655). Although the survival curves based on ILM crossed between T3 and T4, the overall survival (OS) curves based on ELM were sufficiently distinct from one another. CONCLUSIONS ELM has higher discriminative power for OS, and thus the optimal method for measuring the pathological invasive size of IMA should exclude the lepidic component regardless of alveolar mucin.
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Monty OBC, Nyshadham P, Bohren KM, Palaniappan M, Matzuk MM, Young DW, Simmons N. Homogeneous and Functional Group Tolerant Ring-Closing Metathesis for DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:80-88. [PMID: 31913011 PMCID: PMC7014401 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reaction heterogeneity, poor pH control, and catalyst decomposition in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of DNA-chemical conjugates lead to poor yields of the cyclized products. Herein we address these issues with a RCM reaction system that includes a novel aqueous solvent combination to enable reaction homogeneity, an acidic buffer system which masks traditionally problematic functional groups, and a decomposition-resistant catalyst which maximizes conversion to the cyclized product. Additionally, we provide a systematic study of the substrate scope of the on-DNA RCM reaction, a demonstration of its applicability to a single-substrate DNA-encoded chemical library that includes sequencing analysis, and the first successful stapling of an unprotected on-DNA [i, i+4] peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier B. C. Monty
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pranavanand Nyshadham
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kurt M. Bohren
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nicholas Simmons
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Boscolo-Berto R, Siracusano S, Porzionato A, Polguj M, Porcaro AB, Stecco C, Macchi V, De Caro R. The underestimated posterior lymphatic drainage of the prostate: An historical overview and preliminary anatomical study on cadaver. Prostate 2020; 80:153-161. [PMID: 31746484 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of pelvic lymph node metastases after radical prostatectomy (RP) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is one of the strongest prognostic factors for poor oncologic outcome. The extent of PLND, although representing a crucial step in RP, is still controversial. Currently, there is a critical drawback in clinical practice due to the lack of congruence between the known lymphatic drainage and cancer dissemination despite defined management by a surgical approach. We hypothesized the existence of alternative pathways for the lymphatic drainage of the prostate currently not considered in clinical daily practice. METHODS We carried out a literature review of the anatomic description of nodal drainage of prostate reported by online databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Ovid, and Scopus) and the original texts since the 18th century, with an additional anatomical dissection on a human cadaver to confirm theoretical data. RESULTS The anatomical dissection study converged with the historical anatomical treatises in describing three groups of lymphatics devoted to carrying out prostatic nodal drainage. Apart from the ascending ducts from the cranial gland leading to the external iliac nodes; the lateral ducts leading to the hypogastric nodes; small lymphatic vessels from the posterior surface of the prostate, directed to the pararectal lymphatic plexus, in the direction of the lateral sacral lymph nodes and those at the sacral promontory (ie, pararectal and presacral lymph nodes) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings demonstrate that lymphatic drainage of the prostate extends beyond standard nodal templates actually considered in surgical daily practice, despite the knowledge reported by historical anatomical treatises. Further anatomical and experimental evidence are needed to investigate anatomical variability in humans, as well as to add more topographical details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siracusano
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Urologic Clinic University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michał Polguj
- Department of Angiology, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Antonio Benito Porcaro
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Urologic Clinic University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Fontoura L, Zawada KJA, D'agata S, Álvarez-Noriega M, Baird AH, Boutros N, Dornelas M, Luiz OJ, Madin JS, Maina JM, Pizarro O, Torres-Pulliza D, Woods RM, Madin EMP. Climate-driven shift in coral morphological structure predicts decline of juvenile reef fishes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:557-567. [PMID: 31697006 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid intensification of environmental disturbances has sparked widespread decline and compositional shifts in foundation species in ecosystems worldwide. Now, an emergent challenge is to understand the consequences of shifts and losses in such habitat-forming species for associated communities and ecosystem processes. Recently, consecutive coral bleaching events shifted the morphological makeup of habitat-forming coral assemblages on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Considering the disparity of coral morphological growth forms in shelter provision for reef fishes, we investigated how shifts in the morphological structure of coral assemblages affect the abundance of juvenile and adult reef fishes. We used a temporal dataset from shallow reefs in the northern GBR to estimate coral convexity (a fine-scale quantitative morphological trait) and two widely used coral habitat descriptors (coral cover and reef rugosity) for disentangling the effects of coral morphology on reef fish assemblages. Changes in coral convexity, rather than live coral cover or reef rugosity, disproportionately affected juvenile reef fishes when compared to adults, and explained more than 20% of juvenile decline. The magnitude of this effect varied by fish body size with juveniles of small-bodied species showing higher vulnerability to changes in coral morphology. Our findings suggest that continued large-scale shifts in the relative abundance of morphological groups within coral assemblages are likely to affect population replenishment and dynamics of future reef fish communities. The different responses of juvenile and adult fishes according to habitat descriptors indicate that focusing on coarse-scale metrics alone may mask fine-scale ecological responses that are key to understand ecosystem functioning and resilience. Nonetheless, quantifying coral morphological traits may contribute to forecasting the structure of reef fish communities on novel reef ecosystems shaped by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fontoura
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyle J A Zawada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Stephanie D'agata
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marine Programs, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Álvarez-Noriega
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
| | - Andrew H Baird
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
| | - Nader Boutros
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Osmar J Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Joshua S Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Joseph M Maina
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oscar Pizarro
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Damaris Torres-Pulliza
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael M Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University - Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M P Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
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Cohen Goldemberg D, de Melo AC, de Melo Pino LC, Thuler LCS. Epidemiological profile of mucosal melanoma in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:505. [PMID: 31949210 PMCID: PMC6965610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanomas are primary malignant neoplasias originated from melanocytes within mucous membranes in any part of mucosal surface lining, more commonly, in the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses, oral cavity, lips, pharynx, vulvar, vaginal, cervix and anorectal mucosa. Epidemiology data regarding mucosal melanomas in Brazil is scarce, hence the motivation to conduct this research paper. The χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression method was used in the multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of early death. A total of 801 patients were included in the analysis. Surgical resection is frequently the first approach to primary tumours (65.3%), even though the utility of lymph node surgery and radiation therapy is not well established. Advanced stage was observed in more than two thirds of patients. Early death was observed in 28.3%. MM cases with regional or distant metastases as well as those located in unusual locations had almost 4 times more risk for early death. Besides that, MM located in lips, oral cavity and pharynx and those receiving chemotherapy had 2 times more risk of early death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
- National Cancer Institute of Brazil (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kissing Kucek L, Riday H, Rufener BP, Burke AN, Eagen SS, Ehlke N, Krogman S, Mirsky SB, Reberg-Horton C, Ryan MR, Wayman S, Wiering NP. Pod Dehiscence in Hairy Vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:82. [PMID: 32194580 PMCID: PMC7063115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa (Roth), is a cover crop that does not exhibit a typical domestication syndrome. Pod dehiscence reduces seed yield and creates weed problems for subsequent crops. Breeding efforts aim to reduce pod dehiscence in hairy vetch. To characterize pod dehiscence in the species, we quantified visual dehiscence and force required to cause dehiscence among 606 genotypes grown among seven environments of the United States. To identify potential secondary selection traits, we correlated pod dehiscence with various morphological pod characteristics and field measurements. Genotypes of hairy vetch exhibited wide variation in pod dehiscence, from completely indehiscent to completely dehiscent ratings. Mean force to dehiscence also varied widely, from 0.279 to 8.97 N among genotypes. No morphological traits were consistently correlated with pod dehiscence among environments where plants were grown. Results indicated that visual ratings of dehiscence would efficiently screen against genotypes with high pod dehiscence early in the breeding process. Force to dehiscence may be necessary to identify the indehiscent genotypes during advanced stages of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heathcliffe Riday
- Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Heathcliffe Riday,
| | - Bryce P. Rufener
- Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Allen N. Burke
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Seehaver Eagen
- Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nancy Ehlke
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Krogman
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Steven B. Mirsky
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Chris Reberg-Horton
- Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Matthew R. Ryan
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Wayman
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nick P. Wiering
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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50
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Dornbierer DA, Baur DM, Stucky B, Quednow BB, Kraemer T, Seifritz E, Bosch OG, Landolt HP. Neurophysiological signature of gamma-hydroxybutyrate augmented sleep in male healthy volunteers may reflect biomimetic sleep enhancement: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1985-1993. [PMID: 30959514 PMCID: PMC6785068 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous GHB/GABAB receptor agonist, which has demonstrated potency in consolidating sleep and reducing excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Little is known whether GHB's efficacy reflects the promotion of physiological sleep mechanisms and no study has investigated its sleep consolidating effects under low sleep pressure. GHB (50 mg/kg p.o.) and placebo were administered in 20 young male volunteers at 2:30 a.m., the time when GHB is typically given in narcolepsy, in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover manner. Drug effects on sleep architecture and electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep spectra were analyzed. In addition, current source density (CSD) analysis was employed to identify the effects of GHB on the brain electrical sources of neuronal oscillations. Moreover, lagged-phase synchronization (LPS) analysis was applied to quantify the functional connectivity among sleep-relevant brain regions. GHB prolonged slow-wave sleep (stage N3) at the cost of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Furthermore, it enhanced delta-theta (0.5-8 Hz) activity in NREM and REM sleep, while reducing activity in the spindle frequency range (13-15 Hz) in sleep stage N2. The increase in delta power predominated in medial prefrontal cortex, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, and posterior cingulate cortex. Theta power was particularly increased in the prefrontal cortex and both temporal poles. Moreover, the brain areas that showed increased theta power after GHB also exhibited increased lagged-phase synchronization among each other. Our study in healthy men revealed distinct similarities between GHB-augmented sleep and physiologically augmented sleep as seen in recovery sleep after prolonged wakefulness. The promotion of the sleep neurophysiological mechanisms by GHB may thus provide a rationale for GHB-induced sleep and waking quality in neuropsychiatric disorders beyond narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario A Dornbierer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland.
| | - Diego M Baur
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Stucky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- HMZ Flagship SleepLoop of UZH and ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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