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Seo N, Jo HY, Lee SG, Kim HJ, Oh MJ, Kim YS, Ro S, Jeon YJ, An HJ. An enhanced LC-MRM-MS platform for sensitive and simultaneous quantification of cyclic imines in shellfish. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123883. [PMID: 37716343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic imines (CIs) produced by microalgae species and accumulating in the food chain of marine organisms are novel biotoxins that do not belong to the classical group of marine biotoxins. In the past, CIs were found only in limited areas, but in recent years, rapid changes in marine ecosystems have led to widespread CIs, increasing exposure to toxic risks. Monitoring of CIs is therefore required, but still analytically challenging due to the presence of high levels of analogues and interference from other lipophilic substances. Herein, we developed the LC/MRM-MS-based quantitative platform that can selectively enrich for marine-derived CIs and monitor seven CIs simultaneously: pinnatoxin (PnTX E, PnTX F, PnTX G), gymnodimine (GYM A), and spirolide (13-desMe SPX C, 13,19-didesMe SPX C, 20-Me SPX G). In particular, the combination of chromatographic separation by the hydrophobic nature of intrinsic residues of CIs with monitoring of CI structure-specific product ions generated by CID-MS/MS significantly improves the selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative analysis. Indeed, three CIs corresponding to PnTX G, GYM A, and 13-desMe SPX C could be successfully determined at the level of part-per-trillion (ppt) in three species of shellfish collected around the Korean Peninsula. Our analysis revealed that the expression of CIs in the Korean Peninsula was more influenced by the season rather than the species. This analytical platform with high sensitivity can be applied not only to marine biology but also to various other fields requiring CI analysis. Key Contribution: A highly sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of cyclic imines based on LC/MRM-MS has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Jo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Ro
- Department of Life Science, Merck Ltd. Korea, Seoul, 06178, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Medina-Pérez NI, Santos FJ, Berdalet E, Moyano E. Multiply charged ion profiles in the UHPLC-HRMS analysis of palytoxin analogues from Ostreopsis cf. ovata blooms. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1355-1364. [PMID: 36847157 PMCID: PMC10633106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of palytoxin (PLTX), one of the most potent marine biotoxins, are produced by some species of the marine dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis. The proliferation of these species in different coastal zones represents a potential threat of seafood poisoning in humans because the produced toxins can be transferred through marine food webs. Thus, the determination of the concentration of PLTX analogues (ovatoxins-OVTXs, ostreocins-OSTs and isobaric PLTX) in different matrices (seawater, marine fauna, etc.) is necessary to protect human health. This study is addressed to overcome some of the challenges that the chemical complexity of these molecules poses to their quantification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques (UHPLC-HRMS). In particular, the mass spectra of the palytoxin analogues show the presence of a large number of ions (including mono- and multiply charged ions) whose nature, relative abundances and behavior can lead to quantitation errors if the correct ions are not selected. In this work, the variability of the PLTX and OVTX profiles under different instrument conditions, including the use of diverse electrospray generation sources and different quantitation methods, is studied. Moreover, the extraction protocol in seawater containing Ostreopsis sp. ovata cells is also evaluated. The use of a heated electrospray operating at 350 °C and a quantitative method including ions from different multiply charged species provides a more robust and reliable method for overcoming the problems due to the variability in the toxin's mass spectrum profile. A single MeOH : H2O (80 : 20, v/v) extraction is proposed as the best and reliable procedure. The overall method proposed was applied to quantify OVTXs (-a to -g) and iso-PLTX along the 2019 Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom. The cells contained a total toxin concentration of up to 20.39 pg per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Otsuka K, Miyahara M, Takaki S, Wakabayashi R, Miyako K, Irie R, Takamizawa S, Sakai R, Oikawa M. Synthetic Studies on the Initially Proposed Structure of Protoaculeine B: Discovery of Neuronally Active Heterotricyclic Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Otsuka
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Masayoshi Miyahara
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Sara Takaki
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Ryoya Wakabayashi
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Kei Miyako
- Hokkaido University Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences School of Fisheries Sciences: Hokkaido Daigaku Daigakuin Suisan Kagaku Kenkyuin Daigakuin Suisan Kagakuin Suisan Gakubu Faculty of Fisheries Sciences JAPAN
| | - Raku Irie
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Yokohama City University College of Science: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Rigakubu Graduate School of Nanobioscience JAPAN
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Hokkaido University Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences School of Fisheries Sciences: Hokkaido Daigaku Daigakuin Suisan Kagaku Kenkyuin Daigakuin Suisan Kagakuin Suisan Gakubu Faculty of Fisheries Sciences JAPAN
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Nanobioscience Seto 22-2Kanazawa-ku 236-0027 Yokohama JAPAN
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Toward Isolation of Palytoxins: Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Low- or High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Study on the Impact of Drying Techniques, Solvents and Materials. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090650. [PMID: 34564654 PMCID: PMC8471787 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) and its congeners are emerging toxins held responsible for a number of human poisonings following the inhalation of toxic aerosols, skin contact, or the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Despite the strong structural analogies, the relative toxic potencies of PLTX congeners are quite different, making it necessary to isolate them individually in sufficient amounts for toxicological and analytical purposes. Previous studies showed poor PLTX recoveries with a dramatic decrease in PLTX yield throughout each purification step. In view of a large-scale preparative work aimed at the preparation of PLTX reference material, we have investigated evaporation as a critical—although unavoidable—step that heavily affects overall recoveries. The experiments were carried out in two laboratories using different liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instruments, with either unit or high resolution. Palytoxin behaved differently when concentrated to a minimum volume rather than when evaporated to complete dryness. The recoveries strongly depended on the solubility as well as on the material of the used container. The LC-MS analyses of PLTX dissolved in aqueous organic blends proved to give a peak intensity higher then when dissolved in pure water. After drying, the PLTX adsorption appeared stronger on glass surfaces than on plastic materials. However, both the solvents used to dilute PLTX and that used for re-dissolution had an important role. A quantitative recovery (97%) was achieved when completely drying 80% aqueous EtOH solutions of PLTX under N2-stream in Teflon. The stability of PLTX in acids was also investigated. Although PLTX was quite stable in 0.2% acetic acid solutions, upon exposure to stronger acids (pH < 2.66), degradation products were observed, among which a PLTX methyl-ester was identified.
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Wu D, Chen J, Wang J, He X, Xin M, Wang B. Monitoring and warning of lipophilic marine algal toxins in mariculture zone based on toxin profiles of phytoplankton. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110647. [PMID: 32315787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some toxigenic dinoflagellates can produce lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs), which are potent threats to marine breeding industries. In this study, a new method based on the profiling analysis of six LMAT classes in phytoplankton was developed for the monitoring and warning of LMATs in mariculture zones. This method was applied to monitor and evaluate LMATs in the Jiaozhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary in China. Results demonstrated that the occurrence and spatiotemporal variations of LMATs in mariculture zones can be revealed by the toxin profiles of phytoplankton, indicating the method's effectiveness for the comprehensive monitoring of the composition and levels of various LMATs in coastal aquaculture zones. The method was further used as an alarm for potential pollution risk from LMATs in mariculture zones at an early stage. The "alert" thresholds of LMAT pollution in the mariculture zones were preliminarily proposed based on the statistical data analysis of LMATs in phytoplankton in three typical mariculture areas in China. This study is the first to conduct simultaneous monitoring and warning of multi-class LMATs based on toxin profiles of phytoplankton, thereby providing new insight into the monitoring and early warning of natural poisonous pollutants in coastal aquaculture zones around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xiuping He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
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Wu D, Chen J, He X, Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Wang B. Distribution, partitioning, and seasonal variation of lipophilic marine algal toxins in aquatic environments of a typical semi-closed mariculture bay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113299. [PMID: 31585405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) pose a potential threat to the health of marine shellfish consumers and marine breeding industries. In this study, LMATs in dissolved phases (DP) and particulate phases (PP) in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay were accurately determined over four seasons to understand their composition, level, phase partitioning, spatiotemporal variation, and potential sources in aquatic environments of a typical semi-closed mariculture bay. Various LMATs, such as okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA), and pectenotoxin-11 (PTX11), were detected in DP and PP; of these, OA and PTX2 were the dominant LMATs in DP and PP, respectively. The average proportion of ΣLMATs in DP (97.5%) was significantly higher than that in PP (2.5%), which indicates that LMATs are predominantly partitioned into DP. The total concentrations of LMATs in DP ranged from 4.16 ng/L to 23.19 ng/L (mean, 13.35 ng/L) over four seasons. The highest levels of LMATs in DP and PP were found in summer (mean, 16.71 ng/L) and spring, respectively, while the maximum variety of LMATs was found in autumn. This result suggests that seasonal changes could influence the composition, concentration, and phase partitioning of LMATs in aquatic environments of a coastal semi-closed mariculture bay. ΣLMAT concentrations were higher in the western region than in the eastern region of the bay, where shellfish may have a greater risk of exposure. Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis fortii, and Prorocentrum minimum were the potential sources of LMATs in the aquaculture seawater. Overall, various LMATs occurred in the semi-closed mariculture bay, and the persistence and bioavailability of these toxins in aquaculture seawater should be determined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiuping He
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
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Perini F, Bastianini M, Capellacci S, Pugliese L, DiPoi E, Cabrini M, Buratti S, Marini M, Penna A. Molecular methods for cost-efficient monitoring of HAB (harmful algal bloom) dinoflagellate resting cysts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 147:209-218. [PMID: 29910142 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyst abundance and identity are essential for understanding and predicting blooms, and for assessing the dispersal of toxic target dinoflagellate species by natural or human mediated ways, as with ballast waters. The aim of this study was to apply rapid, specific and sensitive qPCR assays to enumerate toxic dinoflagellate cysts in sediment samples collected from Adriatic harbours. The molecular standard curves of various target species allowed obtaining the rDNA copy number per cyst. The analytical sensitivity for specific standard curves was determined to be 2 or 10 rDNA copies per reaction. The abundance varied in the range of 1-747 dinoflagellate cysts g-1 dry weight. The assays showed greater sensitivity as compared to counts by light microscopy. This qPCR method revealed a powerful tool for the quantification of cysts from toxic dinoflagellate resting stages in sediment samples from Adriatic ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - M Bastianini
- ISMAR-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Venezia, Italy
| | - S Capellacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - L Pugliese
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - E DiPoi
- OGS, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy
| | - M Cabrini
- OGS, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy
| | - S Buratti
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - M Marini
- ISMAR-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy; ISMAR-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ancona, Italy.
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Alves RN, Rambla-Alegre M, Braga AC, Maulvault AL, Barbosa V, Campàs M, Reverté L, Flores C, Caixach J, Kilcoyne J, Costa PR, Diogène J, Marques A. Bioaccessibility of lipophilic and hydrophilic marine biotoxins in seafood: An in vitro digestion approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Polito G, Dean K, Giacobbe M, Casabianca S, Capellacci S, Penna A, Turner AD. First detection of tetrodotoxin and high levels of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from Sicily (Italy) by three different analytical methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:881-892. [PMID: 30408884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) are naturally-occurring toxins that may contaminate the food chain, inducing similar neurological symptoms in humans. They are co-extracted under the same conditions and thus their combined detection is desirable. Whilst PST are regulated and officially monitored in Europe, more data on TTX occurrence in bivalves and gastropods are needed before meaningful regulations can be established. In this study, we used three separate analytical methods - pre-column oxidation with liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, ultrahigh performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and HILIC high resolution (HR) MS/MS - to investigate the presence of PST and TTX in seawater and shellfish (mussels, clams) collected in spring summer 2015 to 2017 in the Mediterranean Sea. Samples were collected at 10 sites in the Syracuse Bay (Sicily, Italy) in concomitance with a mixed bloom of Alexandrium minutum and A. pacificum. A very high PST contamination in mussels emerged, unprecedentedly found in Italy, with maximum total concentration of 10851 μg saxitoxin equivalents per kg of shellfish tissue measured in 2016. In addition, for the first time TTX was detected in Italy in most of the analysed samples in the range 0.8-6.4 μg TTX eq/kg. The recurring blooms of PST-producing species over the 3-year period, the high PST levels and the first finding of TTX in mussels from the Syracuse bay, suggest that monitoring programmes of PST and TTX in seafood should be activated in this geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Karl Dean
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Mariagrazia Giacobbe
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), National Research Council (NRC), Via San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Casabianca
- CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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Vitale RM, D'Aniello E, Gorbi S, Martella A, Silvestri C, Giuliani ME, Fellous T, Gentile A, Carbone M, Cutignano A, Grauso L, Magliozzi L, Polese G, D'Aniello B, Defranoux F, Felline S, Terlizzi A, Calignano A, Regoli F, Di Marzo V, Amodeo P, Mollo E. Fishing for Targets of Alien Metabolites: A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonist from a Marine Pest. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110431. [PMID: 30400299 PMCID: PMC6267082 DOI: 10.3390/md16110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the chemical warfare between invasive and native species has become a central problem in invasion biology, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive metabolites from invasive pests influence local communities remain poorly characterized. This study demonstrates that the alkaloid caulerpin (CAU)-a bioactive component of the green alga Caulerpa cylindracea that has invaded the entire Mediterranean basin-is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Our interdisciplinary study started with the in silico prediction of the ligand-protein interaction, which was then validated by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assays. On the basis of these results, we candidate CAU as a causal factor of the metabolic and behavioural disorders observed in Diplodus sargus, a native edible fish of high ecological and commercial relevance, feeding on C. cylindracea. Moreover, given the considerable interest in PPAR activators for the treatment of relevant human diseases, our findings are also discussed in terms of a possible nutraceutical/pharmacological valorisation of the invasive algal biomasses, supporting an innovative strategy for conserving biodiversity as an alternative to unrealistic campaigns for the eradication of invasive pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Martella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tariq Fellous
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Grauso
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Laura Magliozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fanny Defranoux
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Serena Felline
- The National Interuniversity Consortium For Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), 00198 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Life sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
- The National Interuniversity Consortium For Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), 00198 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Life sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
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11
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Detection of Dinophysis Species and Associated Okadaic Acid in Farmed Shellfish: a Two-year Study from The Western Mediterranean Area. J Vet Res 2018; 62:137-144. [PMID: 30364879 PMCID: PMC6200286 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an alimentary intoxication known to lead to intestinal symptoms, and caused by toxins produced by some dinoflagellates (including several Dinophysis), represents a serious threat to public health. The aim of this paper was to provide information about the occurrence and abundance of potentially toxic harmful algal species causing DSP, and the associated concentration of okadaic acid (OA) toxins. The departing assumption was that in the study area there was an increase in the presence both of Dinophysis species and OA and its derivates that could result in a risk to the health of seafood consumers. Material and Methods During 2015-2016, water and shellfish samples were collected in the Mediterranean area (Sardinia, Italy). Dinophysis cells were counted according to Utermöhl's method from water samples, while mass spectrometry was used to identify lipophilic toxins in molluscs. Results A total of 46 non-compliant samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis were observed. Their non-compliance concerned their OA levels above the legal limit. Among toxic dinoflagellates, D. acuminata and D. sacculus were the species found mostly during DSP events. Conclusion No cases of human intoxication have been reported, but continuous surveillance of toxic phytoplankton is necessary to predict and prevent its harmful effects on human health.
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Dhanji-Rapkova M, O'Neill A, Maskrey BH, Coates L, Teixeira Alves M, Kelly RJ, Hatfield RG, Rowland-Pilgrim SJ, Lewis AM, Algoet M, Turner AD. Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: Okadaic acid, dinophysis toxins and pectenotoxins. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 77:66-80. [PMID: 30005803 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Official control biotoxin testing of bivalve molluscs from Great Britain has been conducted by Cefas for over a decade. Reflecting the changes in legislation, bioassays were gradually replaced by analytical methods, firstly for analysis of Paralytic shellfish toxins, followed by introduction of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LCMS/MS) method for lipophilic toxins (LTs) in 2011. Twelve compounds, representing three main groups of regulated lipophilic toxins, as well as two non-regulated cyclic imines were examined in over 20,500 samples collected between July 2011 and December 2016. The toxins belonging to Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins were the most prevalent and were quantified in 23% of samples, predominantly from Scotland. The temporal pattern of OA group occurrences remained similar each year, peaking in summer months and tailing off during autumn and winter, however their abundance and magnitude varied between years significantly, with concentrations reaching up to 4993 μg OA eq./kg. Three toxin profiles were identified, reflecting the relative contribution of the two main toxins, OA and dinophysis toxin-2 (DTX2). Dinophysis toxin-1 (DTX1) was less common and was never detected in samples with high proportions of DTX2. Inter-annual changes in profiles were observed within certain regions, with the most notable being an increase of DTX2 occurrences in north-west Scotland and England in the last three years of monitoring. In addition, seasonal changes of profiles were identified when OA, the dominant toxin in early summer, was replaced by higher proportions of DTX2 in late summer and autumn. The profile distribution possibly reflected the availability of individual Dinophysis species as a food source for shellfish, however persistence of DTX2 during autumn and winter in mussels might have also been attributed to their physiology. Mussels were the only species with higher average proportions of non-esterified toxins, while Pacific oysters, cockles, surf clams, razors and queen scallops contained almost exclusively ester forms. In addition, a temporal change in proportion of OA and DTX2 free form was observed in mussels. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) was quantified only on rare occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dhanji-Rapkova
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Coates
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Mickael Teixeira Alves
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Kelly
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hatfield
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Rowland-Pilgrim
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Lewis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Algoet
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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13
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Orellana G, Van Meulebroek L, De Rijcke M, Janssen CR, Vanhaecke L. High resolution mass spectrometry-based screening reveals lipophilic toxins in multiple trophic levels from the North Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 64:30-41. [PMID: 28427570 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic marine biotoxins, which are mainly produced by small dinoflagellates, are increasingly detected in coastal waters across the globe. As these producers are consumed by zooplankton and shellfish, the toxins are introduced, bioaccumulated and possibly biomagnified throughout marine food chains. Recent research has demonstrated that ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) is an excellent tool to detect marine toxins in algae and seafood. In this study, UHPLC-HRMS was used to screen lipophilic marine biotoxins in organisms from different trophic levels of the Belgian coastal zone ecosystem. A total of 20 tentatively identified lipophilic compounds was detected. Hereby, the trophic transfer of lipophilic marine biotoxins to the upper trophic level was considered to be rather limited. Furthermore, 36% of the compounds was clearly transferred between different organisms. A significant biotransformation of compounds from the okadaic acid and spirolide toxin groups was observed (64%), mainly in filter feeders. Through a multi-targeted approach, this study showed that marine organisms in the Belgian coastal zone are exposed to a multi-toxin mixture. Further research on both single compound and interactive toxic effects of the frequently detected lipophilic marine toxin ester metabolites throughout the food chain is therefore needed. As a future perspective, confirmatory identification of potential toxins by studying their fragmentation spectra (using new tools such as hybrid quadrupole Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap-MS) is designated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Orellana
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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14
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Stabili L, Fraschetti S, Acquaviva MI, Cavallo RA, De Pascali SA, Fanizzi FP, Gerardi C, Narracci M, Rizzo L. The Potential Exploitation of the Mediterranean Invasive Alga Caulerpa cylindracea: Can the Invasion Be Transformed into a Gain? Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E210. [PMID: 27854274 PMCID: PMC5128753 DOI: 10.3390/md14110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is a growing interest towards the development of strategies for invasive seaweed control and exploitation as source of secondary metabolites. Here, we investigated the potential of exploitation in biotechnology and recycling options in eradication programs of the lipidic extract of the Mediterranean invasive seaweed Caulerpa cylindracea (Chlorophyta). The chemical characterization was carried out by means of multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The fatty acid profile of C. cylindracea assessed the presence of several types of molecules known for antioxidant activity such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, pheophytins, and sterols. The NMR spectroscopy showed also the characteristic signals of saturated, unsaturated, and free fatty acids as well as other metabolites including the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate. The lipidic extract exerted an antioxidant activity corresponding to 552.14 ± 69.13 mmol Trolox equivalent/g (ORAC) and to 70.3 ± 2.67 mmol Trolox equivalent/g (TEAC). The extract showed an antibacterial activity against several Vibrio species, suggesting its potential use in the control of diseases in mariculture. Our results show that C. cylindracea, representing a critical hazard in coastal areas, could be transformed into a gain supporting specific management actions to reduce the effects of human pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Unità Operativa di Supporto di Taranto, CNR, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CoNISMa-Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Immacolata Acquaviva
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Unità Operativa di Supporto di Taranto, CNR, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Rosa Anna Cavallo
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Unità Operativa di Supporto di Taranto, CNR, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Sandra Angelica De Pascali
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gerardi
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Supporto di Lecce, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marcella Narracci
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Unità Operativa di Supporto di Taranto, CNR, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CoNISMa-Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Tartaglione L, Pelin M, Morpurgo M, Dell'Aversano C, Montenegro J, Sacco G, Sosa S, Reimer JD, Ciminiello P, Tubaro A. An aquarium hobbyist poisoning: Identification of new palytoxins in Palythoa cf. toxica and complete detoxification of the aquarium water by activated carbon. Toxicon 2016; 121:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Gao Y, Li X, Chen W, Tang G, Zhao Y. Copper-Catalyzed Phosphonation–Annulation Approaches to the Synthesis of β-Phosphonotetrahydrofurans Involving C–P and C–O Bonds Formation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11398-406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Third
Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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17
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Bacchiocchi S, Siracusa M, Ruzzi A, Gorbi S, Ercolessi M, Cosentino MA, Ammazzalorso P, Orletti R. Two-year study of lipophilic marine toxin profile in mussels of the North-central Adriatic Sea: First report of azaspiracids in Mediterranean seafood. Toxicon 2015; 108:115-25. [PMID: 26455996 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, the North-central Adriatic Sea has frequently experienced blooms of harmful algal species, producing marine lipophilic toxins (MLTs) which accumulate in mussels and pose a serious threat to consumer health. Here, we present a 2-year LC-MS/MS study (2012-2014) of the MLT profile in mussels from the North-central Adriatic Sea in the context of the presence of toxic phytoplankton concentrations in seawater. Okadaic acid increased in mussels from all areas during the summer and autumn-winter periods with a rising trend between 2012 and 2014. In the same periods, Dinophysis sp. increased in abundance in seawater, but the highest densities of algae did not always coincide with the highest levels of toxins in mussels. Yessotoxins (YTXs) content in mussel increased sharply in the autumn-winter periods even exceeding the legal limit; although this accumulation did not always correlated with the YTX-producers in water (such as Lingulodinium polyedrum and Protoceratium reticulatum) a massive bloom of Gonyaulax spinifera was reported in November 2013, suggesting the role of this species in YTXs shellfish contamination. Traces of Azaspiracid 2 (AZA-2) were observed often in mussels during the study period, confirming for the first time the presence of this biotoxin in Mediterranean seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angela Ruzzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Manuela Ercolessi
- Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente Marche, Via Caduti del Lavoro, 40, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Cosentino
- Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente Marche, Via Caduti del Lavoro, 40, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ammazzalorso
- Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente Marche, Via Caduti del Lavoro, 40, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Orletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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18
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Quantification and profiling of lipophilic marine toxins in microalgae by UHPLC coupled to high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6345-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bazzoni AM, Caddeo T, Pulina S, Padedda BM, Satta CT, Sechi N, Lugliè A. Spatial distribution and multiannual trends of potentially toxic microalgae in shellfish farms along the Sardinian coast (NW Mediterranean Sea). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:86. [PMID: 25655125 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the geographical distribution and multiannual trends of potentially toxic harmful algal species (HAS) were analysed at 18 mussel farms in Sardinia (Italy, North-Western Mediterranean Sea) using data derived from the Sardinian Regional Monitoring Programme (1988-2012). The results showed an increasing number of potentially toxic microalgae over the study period. Alexandrium catenella and Alexandrium minutum were the most harmful species detected. From 2002 to 2009, these species caused eight paralytic shellfish poisoning-positive events which temporarily stopped commercial trade of mussels. The statistical analysis indicated that some taxa exhibited temporal increasing trends in their abundance (e.g. Pseudo-nitzschia spp.), significant decrements (e.g. Dinophysis sp.), or both increasing and decreasing significant trends (e.g. A. minutum) at different sites, indicating the necessity of further in-depth studies, especially on certain taxa. Overall, the statistical elaboration of the long-term data provided useful signals for early detection of shellfish contamination by different potentially toxic HAS in defined sites. These signals can be used to develop best management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Bazzoni
- Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy,
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