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Sonani RR, Palmer LK, Esteves NC, Horton AA, Sebastian AL, Kelly RJ, Wang F, Kreutzberger MAB, Russell WK, Leiman PG, Scharf BE, Egelman EH. An extensive disulfide bond network prevents tail contraction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens phage Milano. Nat Commun 2024; 15:756. [PMID: 38272938 PMCID: PMC10811340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A contractile sheath and rigid tube assembly is a widespread apparatus used by bacteriophages, tailocins, and the bacterial type VI secretion system to penetrate cell membranes. In this mechanism, contraction of an external sheath powers the motion of an inner tube through the membrane. The structure, energetics, and mechanism of the machinery imply rigidity and straightness. The contractile tail of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteriophage Milano is flexible and bent to varying degrees, which sets it apart from other contractile tail-like systems. Here, we report structures of the Milano tail including the sheath-tube complex, baseplate, and putative receptor-binding proteins. The flexible-to-rigid transformation of the Milano tail upon contraction can be explained by unique electrostatic properties of the tail tube and sheath. All components of the Milano tail, including sheath subunits, are crosslinked by disulfides, some of which must be reduced for contraction to occur. The putative receptor-binding complex of Milano contains a tailspike, a tail fiber, and at least two small proteins that form a garland around the distal ends of the tailspikes and tail fibers. Despite being flagellotropic, Milano lacks thread-like tail filaments that can wrap around the flagellum, and is thus likely to employ a different binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R Sonani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Lee K Palmer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Esteves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Abigail A Horton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amanda L Sebastian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Mark A B Kreutzberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Petr G Leiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Birgit E Scharf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Sonani RR, Esteves NC, Horton AA, Kelly RJ, Sebastian AL, Wang F, Kreutzberger MAB, Leiman PG, Scharf BE, Egelman EH. Neck and capsid architecture of the robust Agrobacterium phage Milano. Commun Biol 2023; 6:921. [PMID: 37684529 PMCID: PMC10491603 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Large gaps exist in our understanding of how bacteriophages, the most abundant biological entities on Earth, assemble and function. The structure of the "neck" region, where the DNA-filled capsid is connected to the host-recognizing tail remains poorly understood. We describe cryo-EM structures of the neck, the neck-capsid and neck-tail junctions, and capsid of the Agrobacterium phage Milano. The Milano neck 1 protein connects the 12-fold symmetrical neck to a 5-fold vertex of the icosahedral capsid. Comparison of Milano neck 1 homologs leads to four proposed classes, likely evolved from the simplest one in siphophages to more complex ones in myo- and podophages. Milano neck is surrounded by the atypical collar, which covalently crosslinks the tail sheath to neck 1. The Milano capsid is decorated with three types of proteins, a minor capsid protein (mCP) and two linking proteins crosslinking the mCP to the major capsid protein. The extensive network of disulfide bonds within and between neck, collar, capsid and tail provides an exceptional structural stability to Milano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R Sonani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Esteves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Abigail A Horton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amanda L Sebastian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Mark A B Kreutzberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Petr G Leiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Birgit E Scharf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The year 2021 will be remembered as a transformational year in the management of both esophageal and gastric cancers. Decades of failed clinical trials had seen limited therapeutic advances beyond refinement of the traditional combined modality approach. Targeted strategies against specific molecular alterations did not - with the exception of Her2 - yield the desired breakthroughs, and it was unclear what immune-based approaches would bring to this group of cancers. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in esophagogastric cancer demonstrates that an endogenous immune response is already occurring and potentially amplifiable by immune checkpoint inhibition. Recent data have validated this with FDA approvals in both the locoregional (CheckMate 577) and metastatic disease (CheckMate 649, KeyNote 590 and KeyNote 811) setting which have altered the therapeutic landscape. AREAS COVERED Here we discuss recent data and ongoing research efforts to better define the role of immune-based approaches and select the patient cohorts who might gain the most benefit from them. EXPERT OPINION Immunotherapy, and specifically the incorporation of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) drug class, has altered the therapeutic paradigm of many cancers in recent years. Anti-PD-1 therapies are now the new standard of care for patients with local and advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Weadick
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A G Duffy
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R J Kelly
- The Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas
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Dhanji-Rapkova M, O'Neill A, Maskrey BH, Coates L, Swan SC, Teixeira Alves M, Kelly RJ, Hatfield RG, Rowland-Pilgrim SJ, Lewis AM, Turner AD. Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: azaspiracids and yessotoxins. Harmful Algae 2019; 87:101629. [PMID: 31349886 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cefas has been responsible for the delivery of official control biotoxin testing of bivalve molluscs from Great Britain for just over a decade. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methodology has been used for the quantitation of lipophilic toxins (LTs) since 2011. The temporal and spatial distribution of okadaic acid group toxins and profiles in bivalves between 2011 and 2016 have been recently reported. Here we present data on the two other groups of regulated lipophilic toxins, azaspiracids (AZAs) and yessotoxins (YTXs), over the same period. The latter group has also been investigated for a potential link with Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra, both previously recognised as YTXs producing phytoplankton. On average, AZAs were quantified in 3.2% of all tested samples but notable inter-annual variation in abundance was observed. The majority of all AZA contaminated samples were found between July 2011 and August 2013 in Scotland, while only two, three-month long, AZA events were observed in 2015 and 2016 in the south-west of England. Maximum concentrations were generally reached in late summer or early autumn. Reasons for AZAs persistence during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 winters are discussed. Only one toxin profile was identified, represented by both AZA1 and AZA2 toxins at an approximate ratio of 2 : 1, suggesting a single microalgal species was the source of AZAs in British bivalves. Although AZA1 was always the most dominant toxin, its proportion varied between mussels, Pacific oysters and surf clams. The YTXs were the least represented group among regulated LTs. YTXs were found almost exclusively on the south-west coast of Scotland, with the exception of 2013, when the majority of contaminated samples originated from the Shetland Islands. The highest levels were recorded in the summer months and followed a spike in Protoceratium reticulatum cell densities. YTX was the most dominant toxin in shellfish, further strengthening the link to P. reticulatum as the YTX source. Neither homo-YTX, nor 45-OH homo-YTX were detected throughout the monitored period. 45-OH YTX, thought to be a shellfish metabolite associated with YTX elimination, contributed on average 26% in mussels. Although the correlation between 45-OH YTX abundance and the speed of YTX depuration could not be confirmed, we noted the half-life of YTX was more than two-times longer in queen scallops, which contained 100% YTX, than in mussels. No other bivalve species were affected by YTXs. This is the first detailed evaluation of AZAs and YTXs occurrences and their profiles in shellfish from Great Britain over a period of multiple years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dhanji-Rapkova
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Coates
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Swan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mickael Teixeira Alves
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Kelly
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hatfield
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Rowland-Pilgrim
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Lewis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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Kelly RJ, Shepherd FA, Krivoshik A, Jie F, Horn L. A phase III, randomized, open-label study of ASP8273 versus erlotinib or gefitinib in patients with advanced stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1127-1133. [PMID: 31070709 PMCID: PMC6736319 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASP8273, a novel, small molecule, irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) specifically inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with activating mutations or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. The current study examines the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ASP8273 versus erlotinib or gefitinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGFR mutations not previously treated with an EGFR inhibitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS This global, phase III, open-label, randomized study evaluated ASP8273 versus erlotinib/gefitinib in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or unresectable stage IIIB/IV NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations. They were ineligible if they received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary end points included overall survival, investigator-assessed PFS, best overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate, duration of response (DoR), and the safety/tolerability profile. RESULTS Patients (n = 530) were randomized 1 : 1 to receive ASP8273 (n = 267) or erlotinib/gefitinib (n = 263). Patient demographics between both treatment groups were generally balanced. Median PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI 5.6-11.1 months) for patients receiving ASP8273 and 9.6 months (95% CI 8.8-NE) for the erlotinib/gefitinib group, with a hazard ratio of 1.611 (P = 0.992). The ORR in the ASP8273 group was 33% (95% CI 27.4-39.0) versus 47.9% (95% CI 41.7-54.1) in the erlotinib/gefitinib group. Median DoR was similar for both groups (9.2 months for ASP8273 versus 9.0 months for erlotinib/gefitinib). More grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in patients receiving ASP8273 than in those receiving erlotinib/gefitinib (54.7% versus 43.5%). An independent data monitoring committee carried out an interim safety analysis and recommended discontinuing the study due to toxicity and limited predicted efficacy of ASP8273 relative to erlotinib/gefitinib. CONCLUSIONS First-line ASP8273 did not show improved PFS or equivalent toxicities versus erlotinib/gefitinib. CLINICALTRIAL.GOV NUMBER NCT02588261.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore and The Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
| | - F A Shepherd
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - F Jie
- Biostatistics, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Northbrook
| | - L Horn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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Dhanji-Rapkova M, O'Neill A, Maskrey BH, Coates L, Teixeira Alves M, Kelly RJ, Hatfield RG, Rowland-Pilgrim SJ, Lewis AM, Algoet M, Turner AD. Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: Okadaic acid, dinophysis toxins and pectenotoxins. Harmful Algae 2018; 77:66-80. [PMID: 30005803 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Official control biotoxin testing of bivalve molluscs from Great Britain has been conducted by Cefas for over a decade. Reflecting the changes in legislation, bioassays were gradually replaced by analytical methods, firstly for analysis of Paralytic shellfish toxins, followed by introduction of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LCMS/MS) method for lipophilic toxins (LTs) in 2011. Twelve compounds, representing three main groups of regulated lipophilic toxins, as well as two non-regulated cyclic imines were examined in over 20,500 samples collected between July 2011 and December 2016. The toxins belonging to Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins were the most prevalent and were quantified in 23% of samples, predominantly from Scotland. The temporal pattern of OA group occurrences remained similar each year, peaking in summer months and tailing off during autumn and winter, however their abundance and magnitude varied between years significantly, with concentrations reaching up to 4993 μg OA eq./kg. Three toxin profiles were identified, reflecting the relative contribution of the two main toxins, OA and dinophysis toxin-2 (DTX2). Dinophysis toxin-1 (DTX1) was less common and was never detected in samples with high proportions of DTX2. Inter-annual changes in profiles were observed within certain regions, with the most notable being an increase of DTX2 occurrences in north-west Scotland and England in the last three years of monitoring. In addition, seasonal changes of profiles were identified when OA, the dominant toxin in early summer, was replaced by higher proportions of DTX2 in late summer and autumn. The profile distribution possibly reflected the availability of individual Dinophysis species as a food source for shellfish, however persistence of DTX2 during autumn and winter in mussels might have also been attributed to their physiology. Mussels were the only species with higher average proportions of non-esterified toxins, while Pacific oysters, cockles, surf clams, razors and queen scallops contained almost exclusively ester forms. In addition, a temporal change in proportion of OA and DTX2 free form was observed in mussels. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) was quantified only on rare occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dhanji-Rapkova
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Coates
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Mickael Teixeira Alves
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Kelly
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hatfield
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Rowland-Pilgrim
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Lewis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Algoet
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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Weitz I, Meyers G, Lamy T, Cahn JY, Uranga MT, García Vela JA, Sanz MA, Severino B, Kelly RJ, Hillmen P, Hill A. Cross-sectional validation study of patient-reported outcomes in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Intern Med J 2013; 43:298-307. [PMID: 22909078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired, clonal haemopoietic stem cell disorder that causes chronic intravascular haemolysis, increases the risk of thrombosis and results in significant patient morbidity and mortality. The symptoms of PNH may have a major impact on patient quality of life. AIMS To assess patient fatigue and health-related quality of life in 29 patients with PNH using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue subscale version 4 (FACIT-Fatigue) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-C30, version 3 (EORTC QLQ-C30). METHODS Following completion of the questionnaires, patients were interviewed to assess the validity, clarity, relevance and comprehensiveness of the assessments. RESULTS Overall, patients considered both the FACIT-Fatigue and EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments to be relevant and adequate in assessing the level of PNH-associated fatigue and other quality-of-life measures. The FACIT-Fatigue questionnaire was considered to be clear and to comprehensively cover PNH-related fatigue. The EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument was considered to be easy to understand, but of an overall lower relevance, although some differences between countries were observed. Patients suggested additional questions that could be incorporated into future EORTC QLQ-C30 versions to make it more relevant to PNH. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the validity of the FACIT-Fatigue and the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires in this patient population and their routine use should be considered in the management of patients with PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Weitz
- Keck-USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kelly RJ, Thomas A, Rajan A, Chun G, Lopez-Chavez A, Szabo E, Spencer S, Carter CA, Guha U, Khozin S, Poondru S, Van Sant C, Keating A, Steinberg SM, Figg W, Giaccone G. A phase I/II study of sepantronium bromide (YM155, survivin suppressor) with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2601-2606. [PMID: 23857959 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase I/II study examined the safety and efficacy of Sepantronium Bromide (S), a small-molecule selective survivin suppressant, administered in combination with carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-one patients were treated on study. Twenty-two patients received escalating doses of S (3.6-12 mg/m(2)) and 19 with untreated stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with the maximum tolerated dose of 10 mg/m(2) in combination with standard doses of C (AUC6) and P (200 mg/m(2)) for six cycles. S was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) over 72 h in 21-day treatment cycles. Study end points included safety and toxic effect, response rate, progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS), as well as exploratory pharmacodynamic correlates. RESULTS Treatment with S was well tolerated, and toxic effects were mostly hematological in the phase II study. Two (11%) partial responses were observed with a median PFS of 5.7 months and median OS 16.1 months. Pharmacodynamic analysis did not demonstrate an association with response. CONCLUSION The combination of S (10 mg/m(2)/day 72-h CIVI) administered with C and P every 3 weeks exhibited a favorable safety profile but failed to demonstrate an improvement in response rate in advanced NSCLC. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT01100931.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore
| | - A Thomas
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - A Rajan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - G Chun
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | | | - E Szabo
- Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
| | - S Spencer
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - C A Carter
- Medical Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - U Guha
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - S Khozin
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - S Poondru
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook
| | - C Van Sant
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook
| | - A Keating
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook
| | - S M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - W Figg
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research
| | - G Giaccone
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research.
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Kelly RJ, Robinson GC. Disclosure of membership in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community by individuals with communication impairments: a preliminary web-based survey. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2011; 20:86-94. [PMID: 21393619 DOI: 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0060)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to examine potential barriers to seeking services for communication impairments perceived by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Specifically, this clinical survey investigated (a) the rate and importance of disclosure of membership in the LGBT community by people with communication impairments to their clinicians and (b) the perception of bias of audiologists and speech-language pathologists against LGBT individuals with communication impairments. METHOD A total of 192 people identifying as LGBT with a communication impairment responded to a web-based survey. The survey contained questions about the respondents' demographic information, living situation, and experiences with clinical services for communication impairments. In addition, the survey contained open-ended comment sections. RESULTS There were differences in the responses of LGBT people with speech-language impairments and those with hearing impairments. The majority of respondents did not disclose their membership in the LGBT community, although they felt it was important. Most respondents reported perceiving bias toward a heterosexual orientation from their clinicians. CONCLUSIONS Exploration of issues important to the LGBT community contributes to the growing emphasis on diversity and cultural competency in communication sciences and disorders. Specific clinical recommendations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Kelly RJ, Atcherson SR. Quality of life for individuals with hearing impairment who have not consulted for services and their significant others: same- and different-sex couples. J Commun Disord 2011; 44:336-344. [PMID: 21342695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess perceptions of quality of life for individuals with hearing impairment who have not consulted for services and their significant others who are in same-sex relationships vs. those who are in different-sex relationships. Data were collected on a total of 20 older couples: 10 in same-sex relationships and 10 in different-sex relationships. In each of the couples, one member self-identified as having hearing impairment. The couples completed an audiologic evaluation, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire, and a short, structured interview (which served as a general measure of quality of life). No differences between the groups were found on demographic or audiologic variables. Differences between the groups and within the couples were found on the disease-specific and overall quality of life measures. Participants with hearing impairment in different-sex relationships reported significantly more total consequences of hearing impairment than those in the same-sex relationships. Differences were found in the rate of reporting for various contributors to overall quality of life and consequences of hearing impairment on quality of life. There was more congruity between same-sex couples than different-sex couples. There appear to be important differences in perceptions of both disease-specific and overall quality of life based on sexual orientation for older couples who have not consulted for hearing services. These differences can help inform clinical practice with this under-researched population. LEARNING OUTCOMES Readers will be able to: (1) Describe quality of life variables for individuals with hearing problems in same- and different-sex relationships, (2) understand the differences in quality of life variables between same- and different-sex couples, (3) consider the clinical implications of these quality of life variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Kelly
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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11
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Arbabi EM, Kelly RJ, Carrim ZI. [Chalazion]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2011; 100:479-480. [PMID: 21484711 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Arbabi
- Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Hull HU3 2JZ.
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12
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13
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Kelly RJ, Hill A, Arnold LM, Khursigara G, Kanagasundaram NS, Hillmen P. Eculizumab for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is effective during the maintenance of hemodialysis for end stage renal failure. Leuk Res 2010; 35:560-2. [PMID: 21145109 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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14
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Khan AA, Kelly RJ, Carrim ZI. [Acute anterior uveitis]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2010; 99:249-250. [PMID: 20166051 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield
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15
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Smith JA, Arnett DK, Kelly RJ, Ordovas JM, Sun Y, Hopkins PN, Peacock JM, Kardia SLR. A Novel Apolipoprotein A-IV Polymorphism is Associated with Lipoprotein Metabolism and Response to Fenofibrate. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s128-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Corrinoids from various ovine tissue samples (liver, blood, small intestinal fluid and faeces) were analysed using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radioisotope dilution assay (RIDA) to estimate the distribution of corrinoids--the cobalamins hydroxocobalamin (OH-cbl), methylcobalamin (me-cbl) and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (ado-cbl), and cobalamin analogues--in these tissues. Samples were taken from either cobalt-deficient or cobalt-replete ewes, and ruminant and pre-ruminant lambs. In liver, ado-cbl predominated, followed by analogues, OH-cbl and me-cbl. Supplementation with either cobalt (ruminant) or vitamin B12 injections (pre-ruminant) increased the amount of ado-cbl and decreased analogues. In blood, OH-cbl predominated, followed by ado-cbl, analogues and me-cbl, respectively. In small intestinal fluid, the distribution from largest to smallest percentage was analogues, ado-cbl, OH-cbl and me-cbl. In faeces, analogues constituted the greatest proportion, followed by OH-cbl, ado-cbl and me-cbl, respectively. Owing to the small sample sizes only cautionary interpretations can be made. In contrast to humans, where me-cbl constitutes the highest proportion of corrinoids in plasma and ado-cbl in the liver, in sheep the amount of ado-cbl was consistently higher than me-cbl in all tissues. This may be due to the higher metabolic need of sheep for ado-cbl due to gluconeogenesis. Analogues and OH-cbl were found in each tissue, contrary to previous postulations. The much higher amount of vitamin B12 in small intestinal fluid compared with faeces indicates that a large proportion of the vitamin is absorbed by the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Keratec Limited, Keratec Building, 1375 Springs Road, Lincoln, Canterbury 8152, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, New Zealand
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17
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Abstract
A method has been developed using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radioisotope dilution assay (RIDA) to routinely estimate the distribution of corrinoids (the cobalamins hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, and cobalamin analogues) in liver, plasma, milk, intestinal fluid and faeces. Corrinoids were extracted with a sodium acetate buffer, separated by HPLC and quantified by RIDA. Recoveries of corrinoids were 29% for hydroxocobalamin, 50% for 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and 64% for methylcobalamin. The method allows the routine analysis of many samples and maintains good standards of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Keratec Limited, 1375 Springs Road, Lincoln, Canterbury 8152, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, New Zealand
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18
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Homeister JW, Thall AD, Petryniak B, Malý P, Rogers CE, Smith PL, Kelly RJ, Gersten KM, Askari SW, Cheng G, Smithson G, Marks RM, Misra AK, Hindsgaul O, von Andrian UH, Lowe JB. The alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases FucT-IV and FucT-VII exert collaborative control over selectin-dependent leukocyte recruitment and lymphocyte homing. Immunity 2001; 15:115-26. [PMID: 11485743 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
E-, P-, and L-selectin counterreceptor activities, leukocyte trafficking, and lymphocyte homing are controlled prominently but incompletely by alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase FucT-VII-dependent fucosylation. Molecular determinants for FucT-VII-independent leukocyte trafficking are not defined, and evidence for contributions by or requirements for other FucTs in leukocyte recruitment is contradictory and incomplete. We show here that inflammation-dependent leukocyte recruitment retained in FucT-VII deficiency is extinguished in FucT-IV(-/-)/FucT-VII(-/-) mice. Double deficiency yields an extreme leukocytosis characterized by decreased neutrophil turnover and increased neutrophil production. FucT-IV also contributes to HEV-born L-selectin ligands, since lymphocyte homing retained in FucT-VII(-/-) mice is revoked in FucT-IV(-/-)/FucT-VII(-/-) mice. These observations reveal essential FucT-IV-dependent contributions to E-, P-, and L-selectin ligand synthesis and to the control of leukocyte recruitment and lymphocyte homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Homeister
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Wolber FM, Curtis JL, Mály P, Kelly RJ, Smith P, Yednock TA, Lowe JB, Stoolman LM. Endothelial selectins and alpha4 integrins regulate independent pathways of T lymphocyte recruitment in the pulmonary immune response. J Immunol 1998; 161:4396-403. [PMID: 9780218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) required for T lymphocyte recruitment during pulmonary immune responses have not been defined. Our laboratories recently reported that intratracheal (IT) challenge of sensitized mice with SRBC induced prolonged expression of vascular P-selectin, E-selectin, and VCAM-1, particularly in areas of mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. A surge in the number of circulating T lymphocytes expressing selectin ligands preceded the peak accumulation of T cells in the lung. In addition, a significant percentage of the T cells recovered from the lung expressed selectin ligands as well. The current study demonstrates that cultured T lymphoblasts use both selectin ligands and alpha4 integrins to enter the airspace and interstitium during the response to SRBC. Fluorescently labeled T lymphoblasts, derived via activation on CD3 and growth in low dose IL-2, showed inflammation-specific recruitment into lungs harvested 24 h after cell infusion. Their flux paralleled the accumulation of host lymphocytes in the lung, with both peaking 2 to 4 days after SRBC challenge. Trafficking studies conducted over a 24-h period during peak lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs revealed preferential recruitment of labeled T lymphoblasts expressing P- and E-selectin ligands. In addition, mAb blockade of the alpha4 integrins and targeted deletion of an alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase essential for selectin ligand synthesis each reduced labeled T lymphoblast trafficking to a significant degree. Furthermore, alpha4 integrin blockade reduced the trafficking of the selectin ligand-deficient cells into the airspace, confirming that its contribution is in part independent from the vascular selectins. These findings imply that both selectin ligands and alpha4 integrins participate in T lymphoblast recruitment during the pulmonary immune response to IT SRBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Wolber
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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20
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Abstract
This article reviews the evidence that pretreatment with nicotine causes a regionally selective sensitization of its stimulatory effects on a pathway, the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) system, which has been implicated in the locomotor stimulant response to nicotine and its ability to reinforce self-administration. The sensitization evoked by daily injections of nicotine is associated with a regionally selective downregulation of the control of mesoaccumbens DA neurons by inhibitory autoreceptors and depends upon co-stimulation of NMDA glutamatergic receptors. It is suggested that the sensitization is related to enhanced burst firing of mesoaccumbens neurons, which results in an enhancement of DA release into the extracellular space between the cells where it acts upon putative extrasynaptic dopamine receptors. The studies with NMDA receptor antagonists revealed a dissociation between the expression of sensitized mesoaccumbens DA and locomotor responses to nicotine. It is proposed, therefore, that the sensitized mesoaccumbens DA responses to nicotine may be implicated in psychopharmacological responses to drug concerned more closely with nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Balfour
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Scotland, UK
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21
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Malý P, Thall A, Petryniak B, Rogers CE, Smith PL, Marks RM, Kelly RJ, Gersten KM, Cheng G, Saunders TL, Camper SA, Camphausen RT, Sullivan FX, Isogai Y, Hindsgaul O, von Andrian UH, Lowe JB. The alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII controls leukocyte trafficking through an essential role in L-, E-, and P-selectin ligand biosynthesis. Cell 1996; 86:643-53. [PMID: 8752218 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
alpha(1,3)Fucosylated oligosaccharides represent components of leukocyte counterreceptors for E- and P-selectins and of L-selectin ligands expressed by lymph node high endothelial venules (HEV). The identity of the alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase(s) required for their expression has been uncertain, as has a requirement for alpha(1,3)fucosylation in HEV L-selectin ligand activity. We demonstrate here that mice deficient in alpha(1,3) fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII exhibit a leukocyte adhesion deficiency characterized by absent leukocyte E- and P-selectin ligand activity and deficient HEV L-selectin ligand activity. Selectin ligand deficiency is distinguished by blood leukocytosis, impaired leukocyte extravasation in inflammation, and faulty lymphocyte homing. These observations demonstrate an essential role for Fuc-TVII in E-, P-, and L-selectin ligand biosynthesis and imply that this locus can control leukocyte trafficking in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malý
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0650, USA
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22
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Smith PL, Gersten KM, Petryniak B, Kelly RJ, Rogers C, Natsuka Y, Alford JA, Scheidegger EP, Natsuka S, Lowe JB. Expression of the alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII in lymphoid aggregate high endothelial venules correlates with expression of L-selectin ligands. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:8250-9. [PMID: 8626519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.14.8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is mediated, in part, by adhesive interactions between L-selectin expressed by lymphocytes and L-selectin ligands displayed at the surface of the cuboidal endothelial cells lining the post-capillary venules within lymphoid aggregates. Candidate terminal oligosaccharide structures thought to be essential for effective L-selectin ligand activity include a sulfated derivative of the sialyl Lewis x tetrasaccharide. Cell type-specific synthesis of this oligosaccharide is presumed to require one or more alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases, operating upon common 3'-sialylated and/or sulfated N-acetyllactosamine-type precursors. The identity of the alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase(s) expressed in cells that bear L-selectin ligands has not been defined. We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a murine alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase locus whose expression pattern correlates with expression of high affinity ligands for L-selectin. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrate that this cDNA and its cognate alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase are expressed in endothelial cells lining the high endothelial venules of peripheral lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. These expression patterns correlate precisely with the expression pattern of L-selectin ligands identified with a chimeric L-selectin/IgM immunohistochemical probe and by the high endothelial venule-reactive monoclonal antibody MECA-79. Transcripts corresponding to this cDNA are also detected in isolated bone marrow cells, a source rich in the surface-localized ligands for E- and P-selectins. Sequence and functional analyses indicate that this murine enzyme corresponds to the human Fuc-TVII locus. These observations suggest that Fuc-TVII participates in the generation of alpha(1,3)fucosylated ligands for L-selectin and provide further evidence for a role for this enzyme in E- and P-selectin ligand expression in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Smith
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-0650, USA
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23
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Gersten KM, Natsuka S, Trinchera M, Petryniak B, Kelly RJ, Hiraiwa N, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Lowe JB. Molecular cloning, expression, chromosomal assignment, and tissue-specific expression of a murine alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase locus corresponding to the human ELAM-1 ligand fucosyl transferase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:25047-56. [PMID: 7559635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.42.25047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal Fuc alpha 1-3GlcNAc moieties are displayed by mammalian cell surface glycoconjugates in a tissue-specific manner. These oligosaccharides participate in selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion and have been implicated in adhesive events during murine embryogenesis. Other functions for these molecules remain to be defined, as do the tissue-specific expression patterns of the corresponding alpha-(1-3)-fucosyltransferase (alpha 1-3FT) genes. This report characterizes a murine alpha 1-3FT that shares 77% amino acid sequence identity with human ELAM ligand fucosyltransferase (ELFT, also termed Fuc-TIV). The corresponding gene maps to mouse chromosome 9 in a region of homology with the Fuc-TIV locus on human chromosome 11q. In vitro, the murine alpha 1-3FT can efficiently fucosylate the trisaccharide Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (apparent Km of 0.71 mM) to form an unusual tetrasaccharide (Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc) described in periimplantation mouse tissues. The enzyme can also form the Lewis x determinant from Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (Km = 2.05 mM), and the sialyl Lewis x determinant from NeuNAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (Km = 1.78mM). However, it does not yield sialyl Lewis x determinants when expressed in a mammalian cell line that maintains sialyl Lewis x precursors. Transcripts from this gene accumulate to low levels in hematopoietic organs, but are unexpectedly abundant in epithelia that line the stomach, small intestine, colon, and epididymus. Epithelial cell-specific expression of this gene suggests function(s) in addition to, and distinct from, its proposed role in selectin ligand synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Gersten
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0650, USA
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Legault DJ, Kelly RJ, Natsuka Y, Lowe JB. Human alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferases discriminate between different oligosaccharide acceptor substrates through a discrete peptide fragment. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:20987-96. [PMID: 7673123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.36.20987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Five different human alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (alpha(1,3)-Fuc-T) genes have been cloned. Their corresponding enzymes catalyze the formation of various alpha(1,3)- and alpha(1,4)-fucosylated cell surface oligosaccharides, including several that mediate leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion during inflammation. Inhibitors of such enzymes are predicted to operate as anti-inflammatory agents; in principle, the isolation or design of such agents may be facilitated by identifying peptide segment(s) within these enzymes that interact with their oligosaccharide acceptor substrates. Little is known, however, about the structural features of alpha(1,3)-Fuc-Ts that dictate acceptor substrate specificity. To begin to address this problem, we have created and functionally characterized a series of 21 recombinant alpha(1,3)-Fuc-T chimeras derived from three human alpha(1,3)-Fuc-Ts (Fuc-TIII, Fuc-TV, and Fuc-TVI) that maintain shared and distinct polypeptide domains and that exhibit common as well as idiosyncratic acceptor substrate specificities. The in vivo acceptor substrate specificities of these alpha(1,3)-Fuc-T chimeras, and of their wild type progenitors, were determined by characterizing the cell surface glycosylation phenotype determined by these enzymes, after expressing them in a mammalian cell line informative for the synthesis of four distinct alpha(1,3)- and alpha(1,4)-fucosylated cell surface oligosaccharides (Lewis x, sialyl Lewis x, Lewis a, and sialyl Lewis a). Our results indicate that as few as 11 nonidentical amino acids, found within a "hypervariable" peptide segment positioned at the NH2 terminus of the enzymes' sequence-constant COOH-terminal domains, determines whether or not these alpha(1,3)-Fuc-T can utilize type I acceptor substrates to form Lewis a and sialyl Lewis a moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Legault
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0650, USA
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25
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Kelly RJ, Rouquier S, Giorgi D, Lennon GG, Lowe JB. Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:4640-9. [PMID: 7876235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of soluble A, B, H, and Lewis b blood group antigens in humans is determined by the Secretor (Se) (FUT2) blood group locus. Genetic, biochemical, and molecular analyses indicate that this locus corresponds to an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene distinct from the genetically-linked H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase locus. The accompanying paper (Rouquier, S., Lowe, J. B., Kelly, R. J., Fertitta, A. L., Lennon, G. G., and Giorgi, D. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4632-4639) describes the molecular cloning and mapping of two human DNA segments that are physically linked to, and cross-hybridize with, the H locus. We present here an analysis of these two new DNA segments. One of these, termed Sec1, is a pseudogene, because translational frameshifts and termination codons interrupt potential open reading frames that would otherwise share primary sequence similarity with the H alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. The other DNA segment, termed Sec2, predicts a 332-amino acid-long polypeptide, and a longer isoform, that share 68% sequence identity with the COOH-terminal 292 residues of the human H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. Sec2 encodes an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase with catalytic properties that mirror those ascribed to the Secretor locus-encoded alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. Approximately 20% of randomly-selected individuals were found to be apparently homozygous for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense allele (Trp143-->ter) at this locus, in correspondence to the frequency of the non-secretor phenotype in most human populations. Furthermore, each of six unrelated non-secretor individuals are also apparently homozygous for this null allele. These results indicate that Sec2 corresponds to the human Secretor blood group locus (FUT2) and indicate that homozygosity for a common nonsense allele is responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype in many non-secretor individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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26
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Rouquier S, Lowe JB, Kelly RJ, Fertitta AL, Lennon GG, Giorgi D. Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments. Isolation of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group locus. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:4632-9. [PMID: 7876234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the human H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase (FUT1) cDNA to screen chromosome 19 cosmid libraries in a search for the human Secretor (Se) blood group gene (FUT2). One cosmid has been isolated that contains two distinct segments that cross-hybridize with FUT1. We have assembled a 100-kilobase (kb) cosmid contig, localized to 19q13.3, encompassing FUT1 and the two FUT1-related sequences, termed Sec1 and Sec2, for Secretor candidate 1 and 2. Sec1 and Sec2 are separated by 12 kb and are 65.5 kb and 35 kb apart, respectively, from the FUT1 gene. We used a cosmid-dependent direct cDNA selection method to clone a cDNA corresponding to a transcript that emanates from Sec2. This cDNA detects a 3.35-kb transcript in human tissues known to express the Se locus. Together with sequence and expression data reported in the accompanying article (Kelly, R. J., Rouquier, S., Giorgi, D., Lennon, G. G., and Lowe, J. B. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4640-4649), these data demonstrate that Sec2 corresponds to the human Se blood group locus (FUT2). Our results furthermore define the physical relationship between the H and Se loci and confirm a hypothesis that these two loci represent distinct but closely linked alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Group Antigens/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cosmids
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI
- Fucosyltransferases/genetics
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Hybrid Cells
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Restriction Mapping
- Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rouquier
- Human Genome Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
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27
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Reguigne-Arnould I, Couillin P, Mollicone R, Fauré S, Fletcher A, Kelly RJ, Lowe JB, Oriol R. Relative positions of two clusters of human alpha-L-fucosyltransferases in 19q (FUT1-FUT2) and 19p (FUT6-FUT3-FUT5) within the microsatellite genetic map of chromosome 19. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1995; 71:158-62. [PMID: 7656588 DOI: 10.1159/000134098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Five on the seven cloned human fucosyltransferase genes have been mapped to two clusters, one on 19q and the other on 19p. Comparative DNA sequence analysis showed the Généthon microsatellite D19S596 lies 2.2 kb downstream of the coding region of FUT1, indicating that the cluster comprising the closely linked FUT1 and FUT2 genes is located 4 cM distal to D19S412 (lod score 13.7) and 9 cM proximal to D19S571 (lod score 11.7). Polymorphic markers of FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6 were used for linkage analysis with 14 Généthon microsatellites in Indonesian families. These three loci constitute a cluster on 19p, located between the Généthon microsatellites D19S216 and D19S567, which are known to be only 1 cM distant from each other. Two cross-overs, one between FUT6 and FUT3 and the other between FUT3 and FUT5, suggest the gene order 19pter-D19S216-FUT6-FUT3-FUT5-D19S567++ +-cen. Comparison of genetic and physical maps suggests that the FUT6-FUT3-FUT5 cluster is located on 19p13.3 and the FUT1-FUT2 cluster on 19q13.3. FUT6, FUT3 and FUT5 genes share more than 85% homology and encode three similar, but distinct alpha(1,3) fucosyltransferases. FUT1 and FUT2 share about 70% homology and encode two distinct alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferases. No sequence homology was found between the genes of the two clusters. The members of each of these two clusters have probably emerged by duplication and divergent evolution of two unrelated ancestor genes.
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Mollicone R, Reguigne I, Kelly RJ, Fletcher A, Watt J, Chatfield S, Aziz A, Cameron HS, Weston BW, Lowe JB. Molecular basis for Lewis alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency (FUT3) found in Lewis-negative Indonesian pedigrees. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:20987-94. [PMID: 8063716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Le(a) and Le(b) human blood group antigens are synthesized in tissues producing exocrine secretions; they also circulate in plasma, where they are adsorbed by erythrocytes. They are synthesized by two fucosyltransferases, encoded by Lewis (FUT3) and secretor (FUT2) loci. This genetic model has been challenged because some erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals express Lewis antigens in saliva. To define the molecular basis of this apparent discrepancy, we sequenced FUT3 in Lewis-negative individuals. We identified two single base pair changes. One, termed L1, yields a Leu-20-->Arg substitution in the enzyme's transmembrane domain. When expressed in COS-7 cells, enzyme substrate affinities are essentially identical to those of wild type. However, the mutant enzyme is found at substantially reduced levels in transfected cells. This suggests that the L1 mutation may alter the Golgi membrane anchoring of the enzyme. It was found alone in double dose in 10 of 30 erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals, nine of whom express Lewis antigens in saliva. Therefore, L1 can account for erythrocyte/saliva-discrepant Lewis typing results. The L2 mutation creates an Ile-356-->Lys change in the enzyme's catalytic domain and inactivates the enzyme. It was found in double dose in 18 of 19 individuals bearing the double erythrocyte and salivary Lewis deficiency and can account for this phenotype.
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Kelly RJ, Ernst LK, Larsen RD, Bryant JG, Robinson JS, Lowe JB. Molecular basis for H blood group deficiency in Bombay (Oh) and para-Bombay individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:5843-7. [PMID: 7912436 PMCID: PMC44093 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.13.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the human ABO blood group oligosaccharide antigens is catalyzed by alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase(s) (GDP-L-fucose: beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.69), whose expression is determined by the H and Secretor (SE) blood group loci (also known as FUT1 and FUT2, respectively). These enzymes construct Fuc alpha 1-->2Gal beta-linkages, known as H determinants, which are essential precursors to the A and B antigens. Erythrocytes from individuals with the rare Bombay and para-Bombay blood group phenotypes are deficient in H determinants, and thus A and B determinants, as a consequence of apparent homozygosity for null alleles at the H locus. We report a molecular analysis of a human alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene, thought to correspond to the H blood group locus, in a Bombay pedigree and a para-Bombay pedigree. We find inactivating point mutations in the coding regions of both alleles of this gene in each H-deficient individual. These results define the molecular basis for H blood group antigen deficiency in Bombay and para-Bombay phenotypes, provide compelling evidence that this gene represents the human H blood group locus, and strongly support a hypothesis that the H and SE loci represent distinct alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase genes. Candidate sequences for the human SE locus are identified by low-stringency Southern blot hybridization analyses, using a probe derived from the H alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Mollicone R, Reguigne I, Fletcher A, Aziz A, Rustam M, Weston BW, Kelly RJ, Lowe JB, Oriol R. Molecular basis for plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency (FUT6). J Biol Chem 1994; 269:12662-71. [PMID: 8175676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While most humans express an alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase in plasma, 9% of individuals on the isle of Java (Indonesia) do not express this enzyme. Ninety-five percent of these plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-deficient individuals have Lewis negative phenotype on red cells, suggesting strong linkage disequilibrium between these two traits. To define the molecular basis for this plasma deficiency and to determine which of two candidate human alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase genes encode this enzyme (FUT5 and FUT6), we cloned and analyzed alleles at these two loci from an Indonesian individual deficient in plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity. Single base pair changes were identified in the coding region of each gene, relative to previously published wild type alleles. These changes in turn yield three codon changes in FUT5 and three in FUT6. The codon changes in the FUT5 gene do not yield detectable diminutions in alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity when tested by expression in transfected COS-1 cells, and none of the FUT5 alleles co-segregate with plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase deficiency in Indonesian pedigrees. By contrast, two of the codon changes in the FUT6 alleles inactivate this gene when tested by expression in transfected COS-1 cells. One of these inactivating changes is a missense mutation (Glu-247-->Lys) within the enzyme's catalytic domain. The other inactivating mutation represents a nonsense mutation (Tyr-315-->stop) that truncates the COOH terminus of the enzyme by 45 amino acids. The Glu-247-->Lys missense mutation is present in double dose in the nine plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-deficient individuals tested, whereas the nonsense mutation at tyrosine 315 is present in double dose in just one of these persons. These results demonstrate that the alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity in human plasma is encoded by the FUT6 gene and that the missense mutation within codon 247 of this gene is responsible for deficiency of this activity in these Indonesian families.
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Gonzalez LS, Waterman J, Kelly RJ, McCord J, Oliveri MK. Children's patterns of disclosures and recantations of sexual and ritualistic abuse allegations in psychotherapy. Child Abuse Negl 1993; 17:281-289. [PMID: 8472180 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2134(93)90047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of disclosures and recantations of abuse made in psychotherapy were examined in a sample of 63 children who reported sexual and ritualistic abuse in a preschool setting. Therapists completed a measure that instructed them to identify the time since the child began therapy when any disclosures or recantations were made, to specify the type of abuse disclosed or recanted, and to identify any events that might be related to the timing of a disclosure or recantation. The findings revealed that the majority of subjects (76.2%) disclosed abuse within the first month of therapy. Recantation occurred in 17 cases (27%) and all but two children who recanted redisclosed abuse after the initial recantation. There was some evidence that children's experiences within the legal system may have been associated with recantations. Subjects tended to make vague disclosures before revealing more specific acts, reveal less intrusive sexual abuse (e.g., kissing) before more intrusive types (e.g., intercourse), and to disclose ritualistic abuse after other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Weston BW, Smith PL, Kelly RJ, Lowe JB. Molecular cloning of a fourth member of a human alpha (1,3)fucosyltransferase gene family. Multiple homologous sequences that determine expression of the Lewis x, sialyl Lewis x, and difucosyl sialyl Lewis x epitopes. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:24575-84. [PMID: 1339443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others have previously described the isolation of three human alpha (1,3)fucosyltransferase genes which form the basis of a nascent glycosyltransferase gene family. We now report the molecular cloning and expression of a fourth homologous human alpha (1,3)fucosyltransferase gene. When transfected into mammalian cells, this fucosyltransferase gene is capable of directing expression of the Lewis x (Gal beta 1-->4[Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc), sialyl Lewis x (NeuNAc alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->4 [Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc), and difucosyl sialyl Lewis x (NeuNAc alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->4[Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc beta 1-->3 Gal beta 1-->4[Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc) epitopes. The enzyme shares 85% amino acid sequence identity with Fuc-TIII and 89% identity with Fuc-TV but differs substantially in its acceptor substrate requirements. Polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrate that the gene is syntenic to Fuc-TIII and Fuc-TV on chromosome 19. Southern blot analyses of human genomic DNA demonstrate that these four alpha (1,3)fucosyltransferase genes account for all DNA sequences that cross-hybridize at low stringency with the Fuc-TIII catalytic domain. Using similar methods, a catalytic domain probe from Fuc-TIV identifies a new class of DNA fragments which do not cross-hybridize with the chromosome 19 fucosyltransferase probes. These results extend the molecular definition of a family of human alpha (1,3)fucosyltransferase genes and provide tools for examining fucosyltransferase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Weston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Lowe JB, Kukowska-Latallo JF, Nair RP, Larsen RD, Marks RM, Macher BA, Kelly RJ, Ernst LK. Molecular cloning of a human fucosyltransferase gene that determines expression of the Lewis x and VIM-2 epitopes but not ELAM-1-dependent cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:17467-77. [PMID: 1716630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the human Lewis blood group fucosyltransferase cDNA and cross-hybridization procedures to isolate a human gene that encodes a distinct fucosyltransferase. Its DNA sequence predicts a type II transmembrane protein whose sequence is identical to 133 of 231 amino acids at corresponding positions within the catalytic domain of the Lewis fucosyltransferase. When expressed by transfection in cultured cell lines, this gene determines expression of a fucosyltransferase capable of efficiently utilizing N-acetyllactosamine to form the Lewis x determinant (Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc). By contrast, biochemical and flow cytometry analyses suggest that the enzyme cannot efficiently utilize the type II acceptor NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc, to form the sialyl Lewis x determinant. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, however, the enzyme can determine expression of the alpha 2----3-sialylated, alpha 1----3-fucosylated structure known as VIM-2, a putative oligosaccharide ligand for ELAM-1. Cell adhesion assays using VIM-2-positive, sialyl Lewis x-negative transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells indicate that surface expression of the VIM-2 determinant is not sufficient to confer ELAM-1-dependent adhesive properties upon the cells. These results demonstrate that substantial structural similarities can exist between mammalian glycosyltransferases with closely related enzymatic properties, thus facilitating isolation of their cognate genes by cross-hybridization methods. The results further suggest that cell surface expression of the VIM-2 determinant is not necessarily sufficient to mediate ELAM-1-dependent cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Abstract
The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 5508-nt intergenic spacer (IGS), between the 25S- and the 18S-coding regions of Cucurbita maxima rDNA, was determined. The fragment sequenced is 6142 nt long and includes 472 nt of 25S- and 162 nt of 18S-coding regions. The IGS has a complex primary structure, composed of five repetitive families (A-E) and three unique domains. It is dominated by the presence of nine, tandemly-repeating units of approximately 250 nt (repeat D), each unit containing four copies of an internal subrepeat (repeat E). The repetitive units show sequence variability consisting of nt changes, insertions and deletions. Upstream of the nine D repeats and between two copies of the B repeat is a 575-nt region, highly G + C rich (83%) and heavily biased toward C (58%) in the sense strand. Within this region are six repetitive units, averaging 42 nt (repeat C) each, containing but a single A nt. Downstream from the terminus of the 25S-coding sequence, are two tandem copies of the 103-nt A repeat. The IGS of C. maxima is longer and more complex than that of other plant IGSs described to date. The 600 nt at the 5' portion of cucurbit IGS is more conserved in evolution than the remainder, as revealed by comparison of C. maxima and C. pepo IGS restriction maps and by nucleotide sequence comparison of C. maxima and Cucumis sativa IGSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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Kelly RJ. Limited confidentiality and the pedophile. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1987; 38:1046-8. [PMID: 3666692 DOI: 10.1176/ps.38.10.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Abstract
The effects of cold barium solutions on esophageal motility were studied in 70 patients. Baseline esophageal peristalsis was assessed using barium at room temperature. Twenty-eight patients were then re-examined when chilled barium (4 degrees C) was used and results showed a 45% reduction of primary peristalsis. Forty-two patients were re-assessed when iced barium (3 degrees C) was used and results showed a 58% reduction.
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Kelly RJ, Cowan RJ, Ferree CB, Raben M, Maynard CD. Efficacy of radionuclide scanning in patients with lung cancer. JAMA 1979; 242:2855-7. [PMID: 513253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-two patients with histologically proved carcinoma of the lung were studied retrospectively to determine the usefulness of liver, brain, and bone imaging in their examination and treatment. Occult metastatic liver disease was observed in two (5.3%) of 38 asymptomatic patients, while four (6.6%) of 58 neurologically intact patients had abnormal brain scans. Eight (13.6%) of 59 asymptomatic patients had metastatic bone disease. Seven (18.4%) of 38 patients with no clinical evidence of metastatic disease to liver, brain, or bone had at least one type of abnormal radionuclide study. More than half (52.5%) of the patients studied had at least one abnormal scan exclusive of symptoms. Radionuclide imaging is a useful procedure in the initial evaluation and subsequent management of lung cancer.
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Kelly RJ, Chilton H, Hackshaw BT, Ball JD, Watson NE, Kahl FR, Cowan FJ. Comparison of Tc-99m pyrophosphate and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in acute myocardial infarction: concise communication. J Nucl Med 1979; 20:402-6. [PMID: 232147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study compared Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PPi) and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for myocardial infarct imaging in 24 patients with diagnosed acute myocardial infarction. The radiopharmaceuticals were administered randomly and interpreted without knowledge of the sequence used. Twenty-three patients (96%) had positive Tc-99m PPi scintigrams, but only 17 (71%) had a positive Tc-99m MDP study (P less than 0.05). In addition, a comparison of the relative intensity with each agent revealed greater intensity with Tc-99m in 21 cases, equal intensity in two cases, and less intensity in only one case (p less than 0.001). These findings support the superiority of Tc-99m PPi as the agent of choice for myocardial scintigraphy in acute infarction.
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Abstract
The results of 18 cases of combined cataract extraction and keratophakia are presented. Initial results indicate that these procedures may replace the use of alloplastic materials for the correction of aphakic ametropia either as a primary or a secondary procedure.
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Klevans LR, Kelly RJ. Effect of autonomic neural blockade on verapamil-induced suppression of the accelerated ventricular escape beat in ouabain-treated dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1978; 206:259-67. [PMID: 682110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of autonomic neural blockade on verapamil-induced suppression of the accelerated ventricular escape beat (AVE) was evaluated in anesthetized dogs pretreated with ouabain. Ouabain (53 +/- 2 microgram/kg, n = 45) was administered in divided doses until simultaneous electrical stimulation of the right atrium and ventricle triggered an AVE. The escape interval of the AVE was stable over a 150-min time period in a group of control animals. Verapamil was infused (20 microgram/kg/min) until the escape interval increased at least 50% or until the AVE was abolished. The total amount of verapamil in milligrams per kilogram that produced this effect was defined as the verapamil endpoint. The verapamil endpoint in vagotomized animals was not significantly different from a group of intact controls. In contrast, the verapamil endpoint in animals pretreated with propranolol, hexamethonium, guanethidine, bretylium or spinal section was significantly less than the control group. Propranolol, hexamethonium, guanethidine or spinal section alone increased the escape interval by a maximum of 12%. Infusion of norepinephrine in spinal animals treated with verapamil restored the AVE. These data indicate that sympathetic nerve activity contributes to the genesis of the AVE and antagonizes the antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil on the escape beat.
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Abstract
Thirty-five subjects of known hypnotizability were tested for primary suggestibility in the waking state with and without marijuana intoxication. The drug caused an increase in suggestibility similar to that produced by the induction of hypnosis. The effect did not persist when subjects were retested one week later in their normal waking state.
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Klevans LR, Kelly RJ, Kovacs JL. Comparison of the antiarrhythmic activity of quinidine and quinine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1977; 227:57-68. [PMID: 901074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A comparison was made between the effects of quinidine and quinine on experimental arrhythmias and on cardiac electrophysiologic parameters. Both drugs raised ventricular fibrillation thresholds, reversed aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation, decreased ouabain-induced abnormal ventricular beats, and increased atrial refractory periods and His-Purkinje conduction time. In contrast, only quinidine antagonized acetylcholine-induced atrial fibrillation. In addition, quinidine increased ventricular fibrillation thresholds and atrial refractory periods for a longer time period than quinine. These observations are discussed in terms of choosing an appropriate model for testing new compounds with suspected quinidine-like activity.
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Kelly RJ, Cowan RJ, Maynard CD, Headley RN, Kahl FR. Localization of 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate in left ventricular aneurysms. J Nucl Med 1977; 18:342-5. [PMID: 191579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Concentration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate (99mTc-PPi) in the area of left ventricular aneurysms is discussed. In three cases clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence did not indicate that these patients currently had an acute myocardial infarction, but each patient had a clinical history and an ECG picture compatible with an old myocardial infarction. Cardiac catheterization revealed a large left ventricular aneurysm in all three cases. The reason for the preferential uptake of the radionuclide in the area of these aneurysms is not certain at this time.
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Kelly RJ, Cowan RJ, Maynard CD, Headley RN. Scintillation camera imaging of acute myocardial infarction using technetiun-99m stannous pyrophosphate: a clinical trial. N C Med J 1976; 37:427-30. [PMID: 184400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The phenanthridine dye, ethidium bromide, which is actively excluded by viable cells, undergoes a significant fluorescence enhancement at 5900 A upon binding intracellular double-stranded polyribonucleotides. A rapid and sensitive assay of antibody mediated cytotoxicity to cells grown in vitro has been developed using this phenomenon. In this communication, we describe this fluorescence probe cytotoxicity assay and a sensitive electro-optical system designed to measure the fluorescence enhancement of ethidium bromide as it intercalates with intracellular polyribonucleotides. Basic characteristics of the fluorescence enhancement resulting from the interaction of ethidium bromide and non-viable cells are presented as well as examples of this assay as it has been used to study surface membrane neoantigens of cells tranformed by the oncogenic DNA virus, SV40.
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Kelly RJ, Jackson FE, DeLave DP, Dunn J. The Eagle syndrome. Hemicrania secondary to elongated styloid process. US Navy Med 1975; 65:11-6. [PMID: 1075798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kelly RJ, Burks TF. Relative vasoconstrictor potencies of norepinephrine, alpha-methylnorepinephrine and octopamine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1974; 208:306-16. [PMID: 4153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dandliker WB, Kelly RJ, Dandliker J, Farquahar J, Levin J. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Theory and experimental method. Immunochemistry 1973; 10:219-27. [PMID: 4580370 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(73)90198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Herrmann JB, Kelly RJ, Higgins GA. Polyglycolic acid sutures. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new absorbable suture material. Arch Surg 1970; 100:486-90. [PMID: 5417172 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1970.01340220162027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lamb LE, LeBlanc AD, Smith WL, Kelly RJ, Johnson PC. Cardiac output and coronary blood flow during steady state recumbent exercise. Aerosp Med 1970; 41:132-4. [PMID: 5418840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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