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El Hafidy A, Rachad T, Idri A. Understanding aberrant driving intentions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: Literature review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2024; 90:225-243. [PMID: 39251282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite deployed efforts to establish strict road safety standards, human factors is still the leading cause of road crashes. To identify determinants of driver's behavior, TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) is widely used as a prominent theory of behavior change. However, the existence of different aberrant driving behaviors (decision errors, recognition errors, violations, and physical condition related errors) and several studies using TPB to understand driving behavior, makes it important to conduct a literature review and a meta-analysis of existing studies to use their results in effective driving behavior change interventions. METHOD The selection process provided 125 relevant studies that were published between 1991 and 2022, and that used TPB for the understanding of aberrant driving behavior. Five fundamental research questions were defined to identify information to be discovered from the literature review and from the meta-analysis. RESULTS In addition to the standard TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), past behavior, moral norms, and descriptive norms were used in studies for a more comprehensive understanding of aberrant driving intention. This analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between aberrant driving intentions and past behavior. Also, moral norms construct was correlated with violations and recognition errors, whereas descriptive norms construct was correlated just with recognition errors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the strength of TPB in the prediction of aberrant driving intention and its potential effectiveness to guide interventions aimed at changing aberrant driving behaviors. The study contributes to the comprehension of the relevant psychological factors influencing the engagement of drivers in each category of aberrant driving behaviors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Researchers can use the results of this study to select the relevant psychological factors adapted to their interventions of driving behavior change. The results of the meta-analysis can also be used in the prediction of driver's intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim El Hafidy
- Software Project Management Research Team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Taoufik Rachad
- Software Project Management Research Team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ali Idri
- Software Project Management Research Team, ENSIAS, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Liu J, Cao Q, Huo Y. Cell phone distraction behavior of young pedestrians: evidence from China. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:216-224. [PMID: 38174698 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell phone use while walking escalates pedestrian safety risks, particularly among students, given their heavy reliance on these devices. Psychological factors wield significant influence on individual behavior, particularly among adolescents who navigate a blend of rational and social-reactive pathways in decision-making. Therefore, this paper employs the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to scrutinize psychological determinants of students' cell phone use while walking, drawing on data from 368 valid samples. Structural equation modeling (SEM) dissects the impact of psychological constructs on this behavior, highlighting the significance of both the social response and reasoning pathways within PWM. The study comprehensively analyzes direct, indirect, and overall effects of exogenous variables on behavioral intention and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongwen Cao
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Huo
- Transportation Institute, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Zou X, Na Y, Lai K, Liu G. Unpacking public resistance to health Chatbots: a parallel mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1276968. [PMID: 38659671 PMCID: PMC11041026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1276968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the numerous potential benefits of health chatbots for personal health management, a substantial proportion of people oppose the use of such software applications. Building on the innovation resistance theory (IRT) and the prototype willingness model (PWM), this study investigated the functional barriers, psychological barriers, and negative prototype perception antecedents of individuals' resistance to health chatbots, as well as the rational and irrational psychological mechanisms underlying their linkages. Methods Data from 398 participants were used to construct a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). Results Resistance intention mediated the relationship between functional barriers, psychological barriers, and resistance behavioral tendency, respectively. Furthermore, The relationship between negative prototype perceptions and resistance behavioral tendency was mediated by resistance intention and resistance willingness. Moreover, negative prototype perceptions were a more effective predictor of resistance behavioral tendency through resistance willingness than functional and psychological barriers. Discussion By investigating the role of irrational factors in health chatbot resistance, this study expands the scope of the IRT to explain the psychological mechanisms underlying individuals' resistance to health chatbots. Interventions to address people's resistance to health chatbots are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Zou
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Na
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaisheng Lai
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guan Liu
- Center for Computational Communication Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Lawrence D, Elliott MA. Evaluating Mentors in Violence Prevention: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Assessment of Outcome Changes. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1390-1404. [PMID: 37097430 PMCID: PMC10127949 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to increase understanding of the effectiveness of bystander programmes targeting gender-based violence in the United Kingdom. There is also a need to utilise a robust theoretical models of decision-making while doing so. Changes were examined in bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, and intervention behavior in situations of gender-based violence. To achieve this, a quantitative examination of Mentors in Violence Prevention was conducted. There were 1396 participants (50% female, 50% male) who were aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 12.25, SD = 0.84) attending high school at the first time point. Participants were attending 17 schools (53% Mentors in Violence Prevention and 47% control) in Scotland. Outcome variables were assessed approximately one year apart using questionnaires. Multilevel linear regressions revealed that Mentors in Violence Prevention did not change outcomes reflecting bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, or intervention behavior in gender-based violence. Discrepancies between the current findings and those of other evaluations may be due to other studies including small numbers of schools that may be more motivated to implement the program. This study also identified two key issues that need to be addressed at stakeholder level before concluding that Mentors in Violence Prevention is ineffective at targeting gender-based violence. That the program has moved towards a more gender-neutral approach in the United Kingdom could explain the null results of this study. Furthermore, the current findings could be attributed to a failure to adequately address the theoretical model underpinning the program in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon C Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Lawrence
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Mark A Elliott
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
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Wang H, Su F, Schwebel DC. Mobile phone use while cycling among e-bikers in China: Reasoned or social reactive? JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:8-14. [PMID: 37330903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China has the largest number of e-bikers in the world, and e-bike crashes cause thousands of fatalities and tens of thousands of serious injuries annually. Mobile phone use while e-biking is a violation of Chinese law and associated with increased crash risk. The current study investigated mobile phone use behavior while cycling among Chinese e-bikers and the psychological factors surrounding why individuals might choose to engage in this risk-taking behavior. METHOD In particular, this study investigates whether the decision to use a mobile phone while cycling is explained through reasoned decision making or is a social reactive decision, or both, as defined by the prototype willingness model (PWM). Questionnaire data were collected from 784 Chinese adults with e-bike experience. RESULTS Results showed that 40.2 % of the participants reported mobile phone use while cycling e-bikes in the past month. Both behavioral intention and behavioral willingness were predictors of mobile phone while using e-bikes, and they were approximately equal in their magnitude of predictive power (βBI = 0.25; βBW = 0.26). E-bikers' attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and perception of prototype similarity and favorability were strong predictors of intention, willingness, and self-reported behavior to use mobile phones while e-biking. CONCLUSIONS Both social reactive decision-making and reasoned decision-making contribute to decisions to use a mobile phone while riding an e-bike. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Results have implications for guiding development of interventions to prevent and reduce mobile phone use when e-bike cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Wang
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China.
| | - Fen Su
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Zhao S, Chen X, Liu J, Liu W. Adolescent Aggressive Riding Behavior: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Prototype Willingness Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040309. [PMID: 37102823 PMCID: PMC10135771 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycling has always been popular in China, especially during the years when the government encouraged green travel. Many people participate in rides to ease traffic congestion and increase transfer convenience. Due to the disorganized and tidal nature of cycling, cyclists create many conflicts with other groups. Adolescents are vulnerable road users with a strong curiosity and risk-taking mindset. Identifying the factors influencing adolescents’ aggressive riding behavior can assist in developing strategies to prevent this behavior. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on bicycling among students in a middle school in Guangzhou, China. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and prototype willingness model (PWM) have been applied to study travel behavior and adolescent risk behavior. To investigate the impact of psychological variables on adolescent aggressive behavior, we used TPB, PWM, TPB + PWM, and an integrated model. Behavioral intentions are greatly influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Both descriptive and moral norms played a role in behavioral willingness. The integrated model explained 18.3% more behavioral variance than the TPB model. The social reactive pathway explained more variance in behavior than the rational path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Obst P, Juillerat T, White K. A theory based examination of factors associated with male body hair removal. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:356-373. [PMID: 36113144 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Male body hair removal has implications for men's mental health such as anxiety about body image. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and relevant additional constructs, this research examined factors associated with young men's upper body and pubic hair removal. Young men residing in Australia completed a pilot survey, online survey (N = 655) of predictors of intention (plans) to remove body hair and a 4-week follow up survey (n = 222) reporting body hair removal behaviour. Attitudes about body hair removal, pressure from others, perceptions of control and similarity to prototypical young men who removed body hair were associated with intention for upper body (60%) and pubic (48%) hair removal. Intention was significantly associated with body hair removal behaviours. These findings indicate social pressure was associated with young men's decisions to remove body hair, pointing to sources of potential intervention.
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He M, Chen JH, Wu AMS, Tong KK. Intention to maintain and willingness to stop: Applying a dual-process model to understanding the maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:315-336. [PMID: 35691935 PMCID: PMC9349392 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventive behaviors have played an essential role in coping with COVID-19 and may continue to exerting a crucial impact on pandemic control in the future. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of social-cognitive factors on maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on a dual-process model, which encompasses a reasoned path via the intention to maintain and a social reaction path via the willingness to stop. We collected a probability sample of 472 community-dwelling adults. Social-cognitive factors, behavioral tendencies, and preventive behaviors of COVID-19 were measured. The results supported that the dual-process framework could account for individual differences in preventive behaviors. Self-efficacy and response cost significantly explained the intention to maintain preventive behaviors, while favorability of risk image and subjective norm significantly explained the willingness to stop preventive behaviors. Our findings proposed strategies for promoting individuals' maintenance of preventive behaviors during a pandemic. The development of prevention policies may focus on two paths: strengthening the intended path by enhancing self-efficacy and decreasing response cost of preventive behaviors and monitoring and improving social influences, such as risk prototype and subjective norm, which can reduce the willingness to stop preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Elliott MA. Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:4390-4415. [PMID: 35904283 PMCID: PMC9850381 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence is a global public health issue and major human rights concern. It is also a type of violence that is disproportionately experienced by women and girls. This study is the first to examine multiple implementation process (dosage, fidelity, and adaptation) effects on changes in anticipated outcomes of a school-based bystander program targeting gender-based violence, Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). Data were collected from two participant groups: mentees (students receiving MVP) and mentors (students delivering MVP), across nine participating high schools. The mentee sample comprised 698 students (about 48.9% males and 49.7% females), aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 11.86, SD = 0.64). The mentor sample comprised 118 students (17.80% males, 82.20% females), aged 15 to 18 years old (M = 16.42, SD = 0.60). Anticipated outcomes were changes in bystanders' attitudes, social influences, control perceptions, intentions, willingness, and intervention behavior, measured using mentees' self-reports at two time points approximately 1 year apart. Implementation processes were measured using mentors' self-reports. Analyses revealed no effects for any of the implementation variables across changes in any of the outcomes measured. These results highlight important implications for the implementation of the MVP program going forward, given its widespread implementation in the United Kingdom. Possible ways that MVP may be enhanced in future are discussed. For example, furthering understanding into how gender-based violence and bystander intervention are addressed and framed during MVP lessons would give more insight into how the current implementation of the program can be improved to maximize its potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow,
UK
- University of Western Australia,
Crawley WA, Australia
- Simon C. Hunter, Glasgow Caledonian
University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Elliott MA. Bystander intervention among secondary school pupils: Testing an augmented Prototype Willingness Model. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:1221-1244. [PMID: 35322436 PMCID: PMC9790461 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study augmented the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to assess reactive and deliberative decision-making underpinning bystander intervention in gender-based violence contexts. There were 2079 participants (50% male, 49% female, and 1% unreported), aged 11-15 years old (M = 12.32, SD = 0.91), attending 19 secondary schools across Scotland. Participants self-reported the augmented PWM variables, then their intervention behaviour approximately 1 month later. Path analyses mostly supported the predicted relationships between positive and negative bidimensional attitudes, subjective norms, prototype perceptions, perceived behavioural control, and self-efficacy on intentions and willingness. Willingness predicted positive (speaking with a teacher) and negative (doing nothing) intervention in less serious violence. Self-efficacy predicted negative intervention in more serious violence. Subjective norms positively moderated the attitudes-intentions relationship. Overall, the results suggested that reactive (willingness) more so than deliberative (intention) decision-making account for intervention when young people witness gender-based violence. Additionally, the findings highlight the complexity of bystander intervention decision-making, where adding control perceptions, bidimensional attitudes, and moderators have independent contributions. Furthermore, self-comparison to the typical bystander who positively intervenes (prototype perceptions) was the strongest predictor of intentions and willingness, highlighting in a novel way the importance of image and group membership on decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK,University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
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Wheatley C, Wassenaar TM, Beale N, Salvan P, Dawes H, Davies E, Johansen‐Berg H. The importance of prototype similarity for physical activity: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a large sample of young adolescents. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:915-934. [PMID: 35118774 PMCID: PMC9540821 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity declines during adolescence. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a useful framework for investigating activity but leaves variance unexplained. We explored the utility of a dual-process approach using the TPB and the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to investigate correlates of physical activity, and 1-year change in physical activity, among a large sample of adolescents. DESIGN A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of baseline and follow-up data from the Fit to Study cluster-randomized trial. METHODS A total of 9,699 secondary school pupils at baseline and 4,632 at follow-up (mean age = 12.5 years) completed measures of past week physical activity and constructs from both behaviour-change models, at time-points 1 year apart. Cross-sectional analyses used multilevel, stepwise regression models to measure the strength of associations between model constructs and physical activity, and variance in behaviour explained by PWM over and above TPB. In longitudinal analyses, change scores were calculated by subtracting follow-up from baseline scores. Models controlling for trial treatment status measured the strength of associations between change scores, and variance explained. RESULTS At baseline, after controlling for past behaviour, physically active prototype similarity had the strongest relationship with activity after the intention to be active. Change in prototype similarity had the strongest relationship with change in activity after the change in intention and attitudes. Prototype perceptions and willingness explained additional variance in behaviour. CONCLUSION A dual-process model incorporating prototype perceptions could more usefully predict physical activity than models based on rational expectations alone. Behaviour-change interventions promoting an active self-image could be tested for effects on physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Wheatley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesWellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Thomas M. Wassenaar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesWellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Nick Beale
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesOxford Institute of NursingMidwifery & Allied Health ResearchOxford Brookes UniversityUK
| | - Piergiorgio Salvan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesWellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Helen Dawes
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterUK
| | - Emma Davies
- Centre for Psychological ResearchFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityUK
| | - Heidi Johansen‐Berg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesWellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordUK
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Karami M, Hamzeh B, Ezati E. Predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran in 2019: Using the Prototype-Willingness Model. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:50. [PMID: 32954063 PMCID: PMC7493647 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/125357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the increasing prevalence of shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing adolescent’s choice of shisha. This study aimed to determine predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran based on the Prototype-Willingness Model (PWM). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1302 adolescent females in Kermanshah city, western Iran, in 2019. The method was multi-stage sampling with a systematic random approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, history of shisha smoking, and Prototype-Willingness Model structure-based questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of current consumers of shisha was 20.4%. Attitude and behavioral willingness and subjective norms were the most important predictors of behavioral intentions, whereas subjective norms, attitudes, and prototypes were the most important predictors for behavioral willingness. The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis revealed that both pathways of PWM constructs (behavioral intention OR=1.37; behavioral willingness OR=1.32) were significant predicting factors for shisha smoking among adolescent females. CONCLUSIONS Given the efficient role of behavioral willingness and intention for shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to consider these structures in designing educational strategies for the prevention of adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinacies of Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Ezati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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