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Zhu Z, Su Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Liang L, Nie Z, Tang W, Liang Y, Li H. PEDOT:PSS-Based Wearable Flexible Temperature Sensor and Integrated Sensing Matrix for Human Body Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39359155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible temperature sensors have been widely used in electronic skins and health monitoring. Body temperature as one of the key physiological signals is crucial for detecting human body's abnormalities, which necessitates high sensitivity, quick responsiveness, and stable monitoring. In this paper, we reported a resistive temperature sensor designed as an ultrathin laminated structure with a serpentine pattern and a bioinspired adhesive layer, which was fabricated with a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)/single-wall carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs/rGO) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The temperature sensor exhibited a high temperature sensitivity of 0.63% °C-1, coupled with outstanding linearity of 0.98 within 25-45 °C. Furthermore, it showed fast response and recovery speeds of 4.8 and 5.8 s, respectively, between 25 and 36 °C. It also demonstrated exceptional stability when subjected to stress and bending disturbances with the maximum bending interference deviation of 0.03%. Additionally, it displayed good cyclic stability over a broad temperature range from 25 to 85 °C, and the standard deviation at 25 °C is 0.14%. A series of experiments including blowing detection, respiratory monitoring with or without a mask, and during rest or sleep were conducted to show the potential of the flexible temperature sensors in human body monitoring. Furthermore, a 4 × 4 flexible temperature sensor matrix was integrated to detect and map objects such as wrenches and blood vessels through human hand skin. The results were consistent with those of infrared measurements. The flexible temperature sensor is capable of real-time temperature monitoring and has the potential in tracking human respiration, assessing sleep quality, and mapping the temperature of various objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfang Zhu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Su
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zedong Nie
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Liang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
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Corsato PCR, de Lima LF, Paschoarelli MV, de Araujo WR. Electrochemical sensing at the fingertips: Wearable glove-based sensors for detection of 4-nitrophenol, picric acid and diazepam. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142771. [PMID: 38969219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A wearable glove-based sensor is a portable and practical approach for onsite detection/monitoring of a variety of chemical threats. Herein, we report a flexible and sensitive wearable sensor fabricated on the nitrile glove fingertips by stencil-printing technique. The working electrodes were modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for sensitive and real-time analyses of hazardous or chemical treats, as picric acid (PA) explosive, diazepam (DZ) as drug-facilitated crimes and the emerging pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The multi-sensing platform towards PA, 4-NP, and DZ offers the ability of in-situ qualitative and quantitative analyses of powder and liquid samples. A simple sampling by touching or swiping the fingertip sensor on the sample or surface under investigation using an ionic hydrogel combined with fast voltammetry measurement provides timely point-of-need analyses. The wearable glove-based sensor uses the square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique and exhibited excellent performance to detect PA, 4-NP, and DZ, resulting in limits of detection (LOD) of 0.24 μM, 0.35 μM, 0.06 μM, respectively, in a wide concentration range (from 0.5 μM to 100 μM). Also, we obtained excellent manufacturing reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 3.65%-4.61% using 7 different wearable devices (n = 7) and stability in the range of 4.86%-6.61% using different electrodes stored for 10 days at room temperature (n = 10), demonstrating the excellent sensor-to-sensor reproducibility and stability for reliable in-field measurements. The stretchable sensor presented great mechanical robustness, supporting up to 80 bending or stretching deformation cycles without significant voltammetric changes. Collectively, our wearable glove-based sensor may be employed for analyses of chemical contaminants of concern, such as explosives (PA), drugs (DZ), and emerging pollutants (4-NP), helping in environmental and public safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C R Corsato
- Laboratório de Sensores Químicos Portáteis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F de Lima
- Laboratório de Sensores Químicos Portáteis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra V Paschoarelli
- Laboratório de Sensores Químicos Portáteis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - William R de Araujo
- Laboratório de Sensores Químicos Portáteis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Luo X, Tan H, Wen W. Recent Advances in Wearable Healthcare Devices: From Material to Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:358. [PMID: 38671780 PMCID: PMC11048539 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the proliferation of wearable healthcare devices has marked a revolutionary shift in the personal health monitoring and management paradigm. These devices, ranging from fitness trackers to advanced biosensors, have not only made healthcare more accessible, but have also transformed the way individuals engage with their health data. By continuously monitoring health signs, from physical-based to biochemical-based such as heart rate and blood glucose levels, wearable technology offers insights into human health, enabling a proactive rather than a reactive approach to healthcare. This shift towards personalized health monitoring empowers individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about their lifestyle and medical care, potentially leading to the earlier detection of health issues and more tailored treatment plans. This review presents the fabrication methods of flexible wearable healthcare devices and their applications in medical care. The potential challenges and future prospectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Handong Tan
- Department of Individualized Interdisciplinary Program (Advanced Materials), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
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4
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Singh R, Gupta R, Bansal D, Bhateria R, Sharma M. A Review on Recent Trends and Future Developments in Electrochemical Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7336-7356. [PMID: 38405479 PMCID: PMC10882602 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods and devices have ignited prodigious interest for sensing and monitoring. The greatest challenge for science is far from meeting the expectations of consumers. Electrodes made of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, metal-organic frameworks, MXene, and transition metal dichalcogenides as well as alternative electrochemical sensing methods offer potential to improve selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, and response time. Moreover, these advancements have accelerated the development of wearable and point-of-care electrochemical sensors, opening new possibilities and pathways for their applications. This Review presents a critical discussion of the recent developments and trends in electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimmy Singh
- Department of Applied Science & Humanities, DPG Institute of Technology and Management, Gurugram 122004, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Rachna Bhateria
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Mona Sharma
- Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
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5
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Van Echelpoel R, Joosten F, Parrilla M, De Wael K. Progress on the Electrochemical Sensing of Illicit Drugs. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:413-442. [PMID: 38273206 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Illicit drugs are harmful substances, threatening both health and safety of societies in all corners of the world. Several policies have been developed over time to deal with this illicit drug problem, including supply reduction and harm reduction policies. Both policies require on-site detection tools to succeed, i.e. sensors that can identify illicit drugs in samples at the point-of-care. Electrochemical sensors are highly suited for this task, due to their short analysis times, low cost, high accuracy, portability and orthogonality with current technologies. In this chapter, we evaluate the latest trend in electrochemical sensing of illicit drugs, with a focus on detection of illicit drugs in seizures and body fluids. Furthermore, we will also provide an outlook on the potential of electrochemistry in wearable sensors for this purpose.
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6
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Canciu A, Cernat A, Tertis M, Botarca S, Bordea MA, Wang J, Cristea C. Proof of Concept for the Detection with Custom Printed Electrodes of Enterobactin as a Marker of Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179884. [PMID: 36077283 PMCID: PMC9456371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and decentralized detection of bacteria from biomedical, environmental, and food samples has the capacity to improve the conventional protocols and to change a predictable outcome. Identifying new markers and analysis methods represents an attractive strategy for the indirect but simpler and safer detection of pathogens that could replace existing methods. Enterobactin (Ent), a siderophore produced by Escherichia coli or other Gram-negative bacteria, was studied on different electrode materials to reveal its electrochemical fingerprint—very useful information towards the detection of the bacteria based on this analyte. The molecule was successfully identified in culture media samples and a future goal is the development of a rapid antibiogram. The presence of Ent was also assessed in wastewater and treated water samples collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant, groundwater, and tap water. Moreover, a custom configuration printed on a medical glove was employed to detect the target in the presence of another bacterial marker, namely pyocyanin (PyoC), that being a metabolite specific of another pathogen bacterium, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such new mobile and wearable platforms offer considerable promise for rapid low-cost on-site screening of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canciu
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Botarca
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Adriana Bordea
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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7
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Alnoman RB, Al-Qahtani SD, Bayazeed A, Munshi AM, Alsoliemy A, Alqarni SA, El-Metwaly NM. Cellulose Acetate-Cellulose Nanowhisker Nanocomposite Immobilized with a DCDHF-Hydrazone Chromophore toward a Smart Test Strip for Colorimetric Detection of Diethyl Chlorophosphate as a Nerve Agent Mimic. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5595-5604. [PMID: 35187374 PMCID: PMC8851614 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nerve agents, which are usually colorless and odorless gases, may cause organ failure, paralysis, or even quick death. Diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) has been recognized as one of the most well-known chemical warfare nerve agent mimics. In the current study, we introduce a simple strategy for the development of a portable and reversible nanocomposite-based microporous strip for naked-eye detection of DCP within a few seconds. A dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran hydrazone (DCDHF-H) chromophore was synthesized by an easy azo-coupling reaction and encapsulated in situ during the preparation of cellulose acetate/cellulose nanowhisker/hydrazone (CA-CNW-H) nanocomposites. These CA-CNW-H nanocomposites displayed a bathochromic shift in the absorption intensity of about 142 nm from 438 to 580 nm with the increase of the DCP concentration. The present CA-CNW-H sensor strip displayed a detection limit for DCP ranging from 25 to 200 ppm. The color change of CA-CNW-H from yellow to purple due to exposure to DCP was detected by CIE Lab analysis. The morphology, fibrous crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the prepared CA-CNW-H sensor strips were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua B. Alnoman
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah
University, P.O. Box 344, Medina 43253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.
Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Bayazeed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Munshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amerah Alsoliemy
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alqarni
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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8
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Kazemi KK, Zarifi T, Mohseni M, Narang R, Golovin K, Zarifi MH. Smart Superhydrophobic Textiles Utilizing a Long-Range Antenna Sensor for Hazardous Aqueous Droplet Detection plus Prevention. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34877-34888. [PMID: 34254781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a long-range antenna sensor embedded underneath a liquid repellent fabric to be employed as a wearable sensor in personal protective fabrics. The sensor detects and monitors hazardous aqueous liquids on the outer layer of fabrics, to add an additional layer of safety for professionals working in hazardous environments. A modified patch antenna was designed to include a meandering-shaped resonant structure, which was embedded underneath the fabric. Superhydrophobic fabrics were prepared using silica nanoparticles and a low-surface-energy fluorosilane. 4 to 20 μL droplets representing hazardous aqueous solutions were drop-cast on the fabrics to investigate the performance of the embedded antenna sensor. Long-range (S21) measurements at a distance of 2-3 m were performed using the antenna sensor with treated and untreated fabrics. The antenna sensor successfully detected the liquid for both types of fabrics. The resonant frequency sensitivity of the antenna sensor underneath the treated fabric exhibiting superhydrophobicity was measured as 370 kHz/μL, and 1 MHz/μL for the untreated fabric. The results demonstrate that the antenna sensor is a good candidate for wearable hazardous aqueous droplet detection on fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khorsand Kazemi
- Okanagan MicroElectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Telnaz Zarifi
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Majid Mohseni
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Okanagan MicroElectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Zarifi
- Okanagan MicroElectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Innovative IoT Solutions and Wearable Sensing Systems for Monitoring Human Biophysical Parameters: A Review. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10141660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital and information technologies are heavily pervading several aspects of human activities, improving our life quality. Health systems are undergoing a real technological revolution, radically changing how medical services are provided, thanks to the wide employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms supporting advanced monitoring services and intelligent inferring systems. This paper reports, at first, a comprehensive overview of innovative sensing systems for monitoring biophysical and psychophysical parameters, all suitable for integration with wearable or portable accessories. Wearable devices represent a headstone on which the IoT-based healthcare platforms are based, providing capillary and real-time monitoring of patient’s conditions. Besides, a survey of modern architectures and supported services by IoT platforms for health monitoring is presented, providing useful insights for developing future healthcare systems. All considered architectures employ wearable devices to gather patient parameters and share them with a cloud platform where they are processed to provide real-time feedback. The reported discussion highlights the structural differences between the discussed frameworks, from the point of view of network configuration, data management strategy, feedback modality, etc.
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10
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Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:51. [PMID: 33669316 PMCID: PMC7920281 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.
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11
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Jiang Y, Cui S, Xia T, Sun T, Tan H, Yu F, Su Y, Wu S, Wang D, Zhu N. Real-Time Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Healthcare via Twistable and Washable Smartsensors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14536-14541. [PMID: 33073993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The wearable and integrated sensing platform is a promising choice for developing real-time analytic electronics with clear advantages but still poses challenges, such as the realization of high precision, low limit of detection (LOD), moderate mechanical capacity, integration, and miniaturization. In this work, a simple printed wearable smartsensor has been fabricated with the aid of electrochemical plating methods with bismuth (Bi) films. The excellent sensing behaviors, including linear relationship, selectivity, stability, repeatability, and the LOD at ppb levels, have been obtained by this smartsensor. Additionally, the highly flexible textile-based sensor exhibits potential application on the substrates of daily cloth, sports T-shirt, and sports wristbands, and it maintains good stability under repeated deformations of washing and twisting. Importantly, integrated with printed circuit board, single chip micyoco, and Bluetooth modules, a smartsensing platform is successfully acquired for real-time detection of heavy metals (e.g., Zn, Cd, Pb, etc.). Finally, actual samples of human sweat, seawater, cosmetics, and drinking water have been remotely successfully demonstrated for detection by this smartsensor, enabling a great promise for fast on-site screening of samples in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shengjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Control Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Tongrui Sun
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Haixin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Control Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Control Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yan Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Suli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Control Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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12
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Electrochemical Hybrid Methods and Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring and Their Use as a Diagnostic Tool of Oxidative Stress: Future Perspectives and Challenges. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The terminology used in electrochemical methods which are used to generate the measured signal in antioxidant/oxidant activity (AOA/OA) sensors is briefly considered. The review presents a hybrid version of electrochemical methods for the determination of AOA/OA. Invasive electrochemical methods/sensors for AOA/OA of blood/serum/plasma, and non-invasive ones for semen, sweat, saliva and skin determination are described. AOA/OA sensors application in health estimation, cosmetology, food and nutrients is presented. Attention is paid to widely described approaches and technologies used in chemical/biochemical sensors. It will be considered as base/prototypes for developing sensors of the kind for AOA/OA determination. Prospects for the development of wearable, written sensors and biosensors are considered. Miniature and wireless sensors will allow for the monitoring of the patient’s state, both at the bedside and far beyond the hospital. The development of wearable self-powered written and printed sensors is an important step towards personalized medicine.
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13
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Teymourian H, Parrilla M, Sempionatto JR, Montiel NF, Barfidokht A, Van Echelpoel R, De Wael K, Wang J. Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for the Monitoring and Screening of Drugs. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2679-2700. [PMID: 32822166 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors capable of noninvasive monitoring of chemical markers represent a rapidly emerging digital-health technology. Recent advances toward wearable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have ignited tremendous interest in expanding such sensor technology to other important fields. This article reviews for the first time wearable electrochemical sensors for monitoring therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse. This rapidly emerging class of drug-sensing wearable devices addresses the growing demand for personalized medicine, toward improved therapeutic outcomes while minimizing the side effects of drugs and the related medical expenses. Continuous, noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic drugs within bodily fluids empowers clinicians and patients to correlate the pharmacokinetic properties with optimal outcomes by realizing patient-specific dose regulation and tracking dynamic changes in pharmacokinetics behavior while assuring the medication adherence of patients. Furthermore, wearable electrochemical drug monitoring devices can also serve as powerful screening tools in the hands of law enforcement agents to combat drug trafficking and support on-site forensic investigations. The review covers various wearable form factors developed for noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic drugs in different body fluids and toward on-site screening of drugs of abuse. The future prospects of such wearable drug monitoring devices are presented with the ultimate goals of introducing accurate real-time drug monitoring protocols and autonomous closed-loop platforms toward precise dose regulation and optimal therapeutic outcomes. Finally, current unmet challenges and existing gaps are discussed for motivating future technological innovations regarding personalized therapy. The current pace of developments and the tremendous market opportunities for such wearable drug monitoring platforms are expected to drive intense future research and commercialization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marc Parrilla
- AXES Research Group, Bioscience Engineering Department, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Noelia Felipe Montiel
- AXES Research Group, Bioscience Engineering Department, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abbas Barfidokht
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- AXES Research Group, Bioscience Engineering Department, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, Bioscience Engineering Department, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Alsharif N, Uzarski JR, Lawton TJ, Brown KA. High-Throughput Multiobjective Optimization of Patterned Multifunctional Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32069-32077. [PMID: 32551476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The realization and optimization of multifunctional materials is difficult, especially when the functionalities are directly incompatible. For example, it is challenging to make surfaces both enzymatically active and water repellent, as these two properties are directly competitive because of the hydrophilic nature of the enzyme-laden surfaces. Patterning discrete domains of distinct functionalities can represent a path to multifunctionality, but the innumerable possible domain permutations present a major barrier to optimizing performance. Here, we develop a high-throughput approach for exploring patterned multifunctional surfaces that is inspired by the microtiter plate architecture. As a model system, patterned surfaces are realized with horseradish peroxidase-decorated domains amidst a background of hydrophobic fluorinated self-assembled monolayers. In experiments exploring effects of pattern geometry, the measured enzyme activity is dependent only on the surface coverage. In contrast, roll-off behavior strongly depends on the parameters of the pattern geometry. Importantly, this finding enables the precise tailoring of distinct wetting behavior of the surfaces in a manner that is independent of their enzymatic activity. The high-throughput nature of the platform facilitates multiobjective optimization of surface functionalities in a general and flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourin Alsharif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Joshua R Uzarski
- Soldier Protection and Survivability Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Timothy J Lawton
- Soldier Protection and Survivability Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Physics Department and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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15
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Yáñez-Sedeño P, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Screen-Printed Electrodes: Promising Paper and Wearable Transducers for (Bio)Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E76. [PMID: 32660011 PMCID: PMC7400178 DOI: 10.3390/bios10070076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printing technology has revolutionized many fields, including that of electrochemical biosensing. Due to their current relevance, this review, unlike other papers, discusses the relevant aspects of electrochemical biosensors manufactured using this technology in connection to both paper substrates and wearable formats. The main trends, advances, and opportunities provided by these types of devices, with particular attention to the environmental and biomedical fields, are addressed along with illustrative fundamentals and applications of selected representative approaches from the recent literature. The main challenges and future directions to tackle in this research area are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (J.M.P.)
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16
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Campuzano S, Pedrero M, Gamella M, Serafín V, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Beyond Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Biosensors: Towards Continuous, Real-Time, Antibiofouling and Calibration-Free Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3376. [PMID: 32560028 PMCID: PMC7348748 DOI: 10.3390/s20123376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, electrochemical biosensors are reliable analytical tools to determine a broad range of molecular analytes because of their simplicity, affordable cost, and compatibility with multiplexed and point-of-care strategies. There is an increasing demand to improve their sensitivity and selectivity, but also to provide electrochemical biosensors with important attributes such as near real-time and continuous monitoring in complex or denaturing media, or in vivo with minimal intervention to make them even more attractive and suitable for getting into the real world. Modification of biosensors surfaces with antibiofouling reagents, smart coupling with nanomaterials, and the advances experienced by folded-based biosensors have endowed bioelectroanalytical platforms with one or more of such attributes. With this background in mind, this review aims to give an updated and general overview of these technologies as well as to discuss the remarkable achievements arising from the development of electrochemical biosensors free of reagents, washing, or calibration steps, and/or with antifouling properties and the ability to perform continuous, real-time, and even in vivo operation in nearly autonomous way. The challenges to be faced and the next features that these devices may offer to continue impacting in fields closely related with essential aspects of people's safety and health are also commented upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (P.Y.-S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (P.Y.-S.)
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17
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Barfidokht A, Mishra RK, Seenivasan R, Liu S, Hubble LJ, Wang J, Hall DA. Wearable electrochemical glove-based sensor for rapid and on-site detection of fentanyl. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 296:126422. [PMID: 32831479 PMCID: PMC7440680 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, on-site detection of fentanyl is of critical importance, as it is an extremely potent synthetic opioid that is prone to abuse. Here we describe a wearable glove-based sensor that can detect fentanyl electrochemically on the fingertips towards decentralized testing for opioids. The glove-based sensor consists of flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a mixture of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and a room temperature ionic liquid, 4-(3-butyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonate). The sensor shows direct oxidation of fentanyl in both liquid and powder forms with a detection limit of 10 μM using square-wave voltammetry. The "Lab-on-a-Glove" sensors, combined with a portable electrochemical analyzer, provide wireless transmission of the measured data to a smartphone or tablet for further analysis. The integrated sampling and sensing methodology on the thumb and index fingers, respectively, enables rapid screening of fentanyl in the presence of a mixture of cutting agents and offers considerable promise for timely point-of-need screening for first responders. Such a glove-based "swipe, scan, sense, and alert" strategy brings chemical analytics directly to the user's fingertips and opens new possibilities for detecting substances of abuse in emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Barfidokht
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rupesh K. Mishra
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rajesh Seenivasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lee J. Hubble
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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18
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Simultaneous, ultrasensitive detection of hydroquinone, paracetamol and estradiol for quality control of tap water with a simple electrochemical method. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Nafion-Protected Sputtered-Bismuth Screen-Printed Electrode for On-site Voltammetric Measurements of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Natural Water Samples. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19020279. [PMID: 30641983 PMCID: PMC6359193 DOI: 10.3390/s19020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the protection with Nafion of commercial sputtered-bismuth screen-printed electrodes (BiSPSPEs), to improve its ability for on-site determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in ambient water samples. The modified screen-printed platform was coupled with a miniaturized cell, in combination with a battery-operated stirring system and a portable potentiostat operated by a laptop for decentralized electrochemical measurements using Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). We also describe a detailed electrode surface characterization by microscopy and surface analysis techniques, before and after the modification with Nafion, to get insight about modification effect on signal size and stability. Optimization of the chemical composition of the medium including the optimization of pH, and instrumental parameters, resulted in a method with detection limits in the low ng/mL range (3.62 and 3.83 ng·mL−1 for Cd and Pb respectively). Our results show an improvement of the sensitivity and stability for Nafion-protected BiSPSPEs in pH = 4.4 medium, and similar or lower detection limits than comparable methods on commercial BiSPSPEs. The values obtained for Pb(II) and Cd(II) in natural water samples agreed well with those obtained by the much more costly Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS, technique as a reference method (recoveries from 75% to 111%).
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