1
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Analysis of Sugars in Honey Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Fluorescence Detection. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection (LEDIF) for the separation of sugars in honey samples was studied. An amount of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) with 0.3% polyethylene oxide (PEO) was found to be optimal for the efficient separation of carbohydrates. 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) was used for the labeling of the carbohydrate standards and honey sugars for fluorescence detection. The optimized method was applied in the quantitative analysis of fructose and glucose by direct injection of honey samples. Apart from the labeling reaction, no other sample preparation was performed. The mean values of the fructose/glucose ratio for phacelia honey, acacia honey and honeydew honey were 0.86, 1.61 and 1.42, respectively. The proposed method provides high separation efficiency and sensitive detection within a short analysis time. Apart from the labeling reaction, it enables the injection of honeys without sample pretreatment. This is the first time that fluorescence detection has been applied for the CE analysis of sugars in honeys.
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2
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Rastall RA, Diez-Municio M, Forssten SD, Hamaker B, Meynier A, Moreno FJ, Respondek F, Stah B, Venema K, Wiese M. Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:95-168. [PMID: 35729770 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Diez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S D Forssten
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - B Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
| | - A Meynier
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez France R&D SAS, 6 rue René Razel, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Respondek
- Tereos, Zoning Industriel Portuaire, 67390 Marckolsheim, France
| | - B Stah
- Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiese
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
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3
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Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Taif’s Rose (Rosa damascena Mill var. trigintipetala) for Possible Recycling of Pruning Wastes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020273. [PMID: 35207560 PMCID: PMC8876584 DOI: 10.3390/life12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phytochemical contents of Taif’s rose pruning wastes and their potential application as phytomedicine, thereby practicing a waste-recycling perspective. In the Al-Shafa highland, four Taif rose farms of various ages were chosen for gathering the pruning wastes (leaves and stems) for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The leaves and stems included significant amounts of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. The cardiac glycoside and flavonoid contents were higher in Taif rose stems, while the phenolic and alkaloid contents were higher in the plant leaves. Cardiovascular glycosides (2.98–5.69 mg g−1), phenolics (3.14–12.41 mg GAE g−1), flavonoids (5.09–9.33 mg RUE g −1), and alkaloids (3.22–10.96 mg AE g−1) were among the phytoconstituents found in rose tissues. According to the HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds, Taif’s rose contains flavonoid components such as luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and chrysoeriol; phenolics such as ellagic acid, catechol, resorcinol, gallic acid, and phloroglucinol; alkaloids such as berbamine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, reticuline, isocorydine, and boldine. Warm water extract was highly effective against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, whereas methanol and cold water extracts were moderately effective against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The study’s findings suggested that Taif’s rose wastes could be used for varied medical purposes.
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4
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van der Burg D, Josefsson L, Mikkonen S, Chotteau V, Emmer Å, Wätzig H, Sänger-van de Griend CE. Method development for mono- and disaccharides monitoring in cell culture medium by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:922-929. [PMID: 34510488 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly growing, competitive biopharmaceutical market requires tight bioprocess monitoring. An integrated, automated platform for the routine online/at-line monitoring of key factors in the cell culture medium could greatly improve process monitoring. Mono- and disaccharides, as the main energy and carbon source, are one of these key factors. A CE-LIF method was developed for the analysis of several mono- and disaccharides, considering requirements and restrictions for analysis in an integrated, automated monitoring platform, such as the possibility for miniaturization to microchip electrophoresis. Analysis was performed after fluorescent derivatization with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid. The derivatisation reaction and the separation BGE were optimized using design of experiments. The developed method is applicable to the complex matrix of cell culture medium and proved transferable to microchip electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie van der Burg
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands.,Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leila Josefsson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saara Mikkonen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Emmer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cari E Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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6
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Han X, Sanderson P, Nesheiwat S, Lin L, Yu Y, Zhang F, Amster IJ, Linhardt RJ. Structural analysis of urinary glycosaminoglycans from healthy human subjects. Glycobiology 2020; 30:143-151. [PMID: 31616929 PMCID: PMC7415306 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can reflect the health condition of a human being, and the GAGs composition can be directly related to various diseases. In order to effectively utilize such information, a detailed understanding of urinary GAGs in healthy individuals can provide insight into the levels and structures of human urinary GAGs. In this study, urinary GAGs were collected and purified from healthy males and females of adults and young adults. The total creatinine-normalized urinary GAG content, molecular weight distribution and disaccharide compositions were determined. Using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-mass spectrometry (MS) and CZE-MS/MS relying on negative electron transfer dissociation, the major components of healthy human urinary GAGs were determined. The structures of 10 GAG oligosaccharides representing the majority of human urinary GAGs were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Patience Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sara Nesheiwat
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Lei Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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7
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Khanal N, Masellis C, Kamrath MZ, Clemmer DE, Rizzo TR. Cryogenic IR spectroscopy combined with ion mobility spectrometry for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides. Analyst 2019. [PMID: 29541730 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here our combination of cryogenic, messenger-tagging, infrared (IR) spectroscopy with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) as a way to identify and analyze a set of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) ranging from trisaccharides to hexasaccharides. The added dimension of IR spectroscopy provides a diagnostic fingerprint in the OH and NH stretching region, which is crucial to identify these oligosaccharides, which are difficult to distinguish by IMS alone. These results extend our previous work in demonstrating the generality of this combined approach for distinguishing subtly different structural and regioisomers of glycans of biologically relevant size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Khanal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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8
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Tang Y, Wei J, Costello CE, Lin C. Characterization of Isomeric Glycans by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography-Electronic Excitation Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1295-1307. [PMID: 29654534 PMCID: PMC6004250 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of numerous structural isomers in glycans from biological sources presents a severe challenge for structural glycomics. The subtle differences among isomeric structures demand analytical methods that can provide structural details while working efficiently with on-line glycan separation methods. Although liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a powerful tool for mixture analysis, the commonly utilized collision-induced dissociation (CID) method often does not generate a sufficient number of fragments at the MS2 level for comprehensive structural characterization. Here, we studied the electronic excitation dissociation (EED) behaviors of metal-adducted, permethylated glycans, and identified key spectral features that could facilitate both topology and linkage determinations. We developed an EED-based, nanoscale, reversed phase (RP)LC-MS/MS platform, and demonstrated its ability to achieve complete structural elucidation of up to five structural isomers in a single LC-MS/MS analysis. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Juan Wei
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Cheng Lin
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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9
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Sanderson P, Stickney M, Leach FE, Xia Q, Yu Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Amster IJ. Heparin/heparan sulfate analysis by covalently modified reverse polarity capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1545:75-83. [PMID: 29501428 PMCID: PMC5862776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reverse polarity capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to negative ion mode mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) is shown to be an effective and sensitive tool for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan mixtures. Covalent modification of the inner wall of the separation capillary with neutral or cationic reagents produces a stable and durable surface that provides reproducible separations. By combining CZE-MS with a cation-coated capillary and a sheath flow interface, a rapid and reliable method has been developed for the analysis of sulfated oligosaccharides from dp4 to dp12. Several different mixtures have been separated and detected by mass spectrometry. The mixtures were selected to test the capability of this approach to resolve subtle differences in structure, such as sulfation position and epimeric variation of the uronic acid. The system was applied to a complex mixture of heparin/heparan sulfate oligosaccharides varying in chain length from dp3 to dp12 and more than 80 molecular compositions were identified by accurate mass measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Franklin E Leach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- 760 Parkside Avenue, STE 211, CMP Scientific, Corp., Brooklyn, NY, 11226, United States
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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10
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Daniel D, Lopes FS, Santos VBD, do Lago CL. Detection of coffee adulteration with soybean and corn by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 243:305-310. [PMID: 29146342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection of coffee adulteration with soybean and corn by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry was accomplished by evaluating the monosaccharides profile obtained after acid hydrolysis of the samples. The acid hydrolysis, using H2SO4 as a catalyst, increases the ionic strength of the sample impairing the electrophoretic separation. Therefore, Ba(OH)2 was used to both neutralize the medium and reduce the content of sulfate by precipitation of BaSO4. The best separation of nine determined monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, fructose and ribose) plus inositol as internal standard was obtained in 500 mmol·L-1 triethylamine, pH 12.3. The monosaccharides are separated as anionic species at this pH. The proposed method is simple, fast (<12.0 min), present linear calibration curves (r2 = 0.995), and relative standard deviation for replicate injections lower than 5%. The LOQ for all monosaccharides was lower than 0.01 mmol·L-1, which is in accordance with the tolerable limits for coffee. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate interrelationships between the monosaccharide profile and the coffee adulteration with different proportions of soybean and corn. Fucose, galactose, arabinose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, fructose, and ribose were quantified in packed roast-and-ground commercial coffee samples, and differences between adulterated and unadulterated coffees could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Daniel
- Agilent Technologies, Alameda Araguaia, 1142, CEP 06455-000 Barueri, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental - Instituto de Química - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silva Lopes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Instituto de Química - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vagner Bezerra Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Setor Básico, CEP 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Instituto de Química - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Adua E, Russell A, Roberts P, Wang Y, Song M, Wang W. Innovation Analysis on Postgenomic Biomarkers: Glycomics for Chronic Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:183-196. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Adua
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alyce Russell
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Roberts
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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12
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common and essential protein modifications. Glycans conjugated to biomolecules modulate the function of such molecules through both direct recognition of glycan structures and indirect mechanisms that involve the control of protein turnover rates, stability, and conformation. The biological attributes of glycans in numerous biological processes and implications in a number of diseases highlight the necessity for comprehensive characterization of protein glycosylation. This chapter reviews cutting-edge methods and tools developed to facilitate quantitative glycomics. This chapter highlights the different methods employed for the release and purification of glycans from biological samples. The most effective labeling methods developed for sensitive quantitative glycomics are also described and discussed. The chromatographic approaches that have been used effectively in glycomics are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Veillon
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - S Zhou
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Y Mechref
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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13
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Ding P, Li X, Qing G, Sun T, Liang X. Disaccharide-driven transition of macroscopic properties: from molecular recognition to glycopeptide enrichment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:16111-4. [PMID: 26394215 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported a three-component smart polymer, which could discriminate disaccharide homologues and translate the recognition signals into distinct differences in the macroscopic properties (i.e. wettability and adhesion force) of materials. With these features, we further showed its application in glycopeptide enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China. and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China. and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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14
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Pu Y, Ridgeway ME, Glaskin RS, Park MA, Costello CE, Lin C. Separation and Identification of Isomeric Glycans by Selected Accumulation-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Electron Activated Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3440-3. [PMID: 26959868 PMCID: PMC4821751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in structural characterization of oligosaccharides is the presence of many structural isomers in most naturally occurring glycan mixtures. Although ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has shown great promise in glycan isomer separation, conventional IMS separation occurs on the millisecond time scale, largely restricting its implementation to fast time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers which often lack the capability to perform electron activated dissociation (ExD) tandem MS analysis and the resolving power needed to resolve isobaric fragments. The recent development of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) provides a promising new tool that offers high mobility resolution and compatibility with high-performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers when operated under the selected accumulation-TIMS (SA-TIMS) mode. Here, we present our initial results on the application of SA-TIMS-ExD-FTICR MS to the separation and identification of glycan linkage isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pu
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, US
| | | | - Rebecca S. Glaskin
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, US
| | | | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, US
| | - Cheng Lin
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, US
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15
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Huang Y, Dodds ED. Ion-neutral collisional cross sections of carbohydrate isomers as divalent cation adducts and their electron transfer products. Analyst 2016. [PMID: 26225371 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the gravity of glycoscience continues to amass, a commensurate demand for rapid, sensitive, and structurally comprehensive glycoanalytical tools has arisen. Among the most elusive but desirable analytical capabilities is the ability to expeditiously and unambiguously detect, distinguish, and resolve carbohydrates that differ only in their constitutional isomerism and/or stereoisomerism. While ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has proven a highly promising tool for such analyses, the facility of this method to discriminate larger oligosaccharides is still somewhat limited. In an effort to expand the capabilities of IMS to discriminate among carbohydrate isomers, the present investigation was focused on IMS studies of four trisaccharide isomers, four pentasaccharide isomers, and two hexasaccharide isomers, each as group II metal ion adducts and their corresponding gas-phase electron transfer (ET) products. These studies were also evaluated in the context of previously investigated group I metal ion adducts of the same saccharides. The orientationally averaged ion-neutral collisional cross sections (CCSs) of the various carbohydrate/metal ion adducts were found to be dependent on the structures of specific carbohydrate isomers, sensitive to the electronic characteristics of the bound cation, and responsive to the attachment of an additional electron (in the case of divalent metal ion adducts). Overall, these results underscore the utility of metal ions for probing carbohydrate structure in concert with IMS, and the capacity of gas-phase ion chemistry to expand the menu of such probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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16
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17
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Alinat E, Jemmali S, Delaunay N, Archer X, Gareil P. Analysis of underivatized cellodextrin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with direct photochemically induced UV-detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1555-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Alinat
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- Central Laboratory of Police Prefecture (LCPP); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Selma Jemmali
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
| | - Xavier Archer
- Central Laboratory of Police Prefecture (LCPP); Paris France
| | - Pierre Gareil
- PSL Research University; ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratory of Analytical and Bioanalytical Sciences, and Miniaturization (LSABM); Paris France
- CNRS; CBI; UMR 8231 Paris France
- PSL Research University; Chimie ParisTech; Paris France
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18
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de Moraes JA, Carrilho E, Assunção NA. Homemade Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to a Mass Spectrometer. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.864982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janderson Aparecido de Moraes
- a Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra. Diadema , Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Química e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- b Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Nilson Antonio Assunção
- a Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra. Diadema , Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Química e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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19
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Fernández de la Ossa MÁ, Ortega-Ojeda F, García-Ruiz C. Analysis and differentiation of paper samples by capillary electrophoresis and multivariate analysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3264-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ángeles Fernández de la Ossa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Fernando Ortega-Ojeda
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
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Huang Y, Dodds ED. Ion mobility studies of carbohydrates as group I adducts: isomer specific collisional cross section dependence on metal ion radius. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9728-35. [PMID: 24033309 DOI: 10.1021/ac402133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play numerous critical roles in biological systems. Characterization of oligosaccharide structures is essential to a complete understanding of their functions in biological processes; nevertheless, their structural determination remains challenging in part due to isomerism. Ion mobility spectrometry provides the means to resolve gas phase ions on the basis of their shape-to-charge ratios, thus providing significant potential for separation and differentiation of carbohydrate isomers. Here, we report on the determination of collisional cross sections for four groups of isomeric carbohydrates (including five isomeric disaccharides, four isomeric trisaccharides, two isomeric pentasaccharides, and two isomeric hexasaccharides) as their group I metal ion adducts (i.e., [M + Li](+), [M + Na](+), [M + K](+), [M + Rb](+), and [M + Cs](+)). In all, 65 collisional cross sections were measured, the great majority of which have not been previously reported. As anticipated, the collisional cross sections of the carbohydrate metal ion adducts generally increase with increasing metal ion radius; however, the collisional cross sections were found to scale with the group I cation size in isomer specific manners. Such measurements are of substantial analytical value, as they illustrate how the selection of charge carrier influences carbohydrate ion mobility determinations. For example, certain pairs of isomeric carbohydrates assume unique collisional cross sections upon binding one metal ion, but not another. On the whole, these data suggest a role for the charge carrier as a probe of carbohydrate structure and thus have significant implications for the continued development and application of ion mobility spectrometry for the distinction and resolution of isomeric carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Ito E, Nakajima K, Waki H, Miseki K, Shimada T, Sato TA, Kakehi K, Suzuki M, Taniguchi N, Suzuki A. Structural Characterization of Pyridylaminated Oligosaccharides Derived from Neutral Glycosphingolipids by High-Sensitivity Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7859-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Systems Glycobiology Research
Group, RIKEN−Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research
Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Systems Glycobiology Research
Group, RIKEN−Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research
Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Waki
- Analytical Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo-Ku, Kuwabaracho,
Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Kozo Miseki
- Analytical Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo-Ku, Kuwabaracho,
Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Life Science Research Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
105-0045, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Life Science Research Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
105-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kakehi
- School
of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae,
Higashi-Osaka 577-8502,
Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Life Science Research Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
105-0045, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research
Group, RIKEN−Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research
Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa,
259-1292, Japan
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22
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Bunz SC, Cutillo F, Neusüß C. Analysis of native and APTS-labeled N-glycans by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8277-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hamm M, Wang Y, Rustandi RR. Characterization of N-Linked Glycosylation in a Monoclonal Antibody Produced in NS0 Cells Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:393-406. [PMID: 24276024 PMCID: PMC3816692 DOI: 10.3390/ph6030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-linked glycosylation in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) occurs at Asn297 on the Fc region in the CH2 domain. Glycosylation heterogeneities have been well documented to affect biological activities such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) through their interaction with Fc-receptors. Hence, it is critical to monitor and characterize the N-linked glycosylation profile in a therapeutic protein such as a mAb for product consistency. In one approach, the glycans are first released from the mAb using an enzyme specific digestion, such as Protein N-Glycosidase F (PNGase) and subsequently they are labeled using a fluorophore, for example, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) . Here we have applied this approach and used Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) to analyze a recombinant mAb produced in murine myeloma (NS0) cells. The technique provides short analysis times, efficient separations, and high sensitivity. CE-LIF peak identification was done by a combination of glycan standards and treatment with various exoglycosidases. Furthermore, the APTS-labeled glycans were also analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to aid identification of minor peaks by sample collection and off-line mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hamm
- Vaccine Analytical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Mechref Y, Hu Y, Desantos-Garcia JL, Hussein A, Tang H. Quantitative glycomics strategies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:874-84. [PMID: 23325767 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlations between protein glycosylation and many biological processes and diseases are increasing the demand for quantitative glycomics strategies enabling sensitive monitoring of changes in the abundance and structure of glycans. This is currently attained through multiple strategies employing several analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The detection and quantification of glycans often involve labeling with ionic and/or hydrophobic reagents. This step is needed in order to enhance detection in spectroscopic and mass spectrometric measurements. Recently, labeling with stable isotopic reagents has also been presented as a very viable strategy enabling relative quantitation. The different strategies available for reliable and sensitive quantitative glycomics are herein described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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25
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do Lago CL, Nogueira T, Blanes L, Saito RM. Determination of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:51-60. [PMID: 23386336 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides and chitooligosaccharides can be separated in electrophoretic conditions by raising the pH of the medium, which renders the corresponding alcoholate forms. These anionic species can be separated and detected with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection as negative peaks because of their low mobilities when compared to the hydroxyl mobility, which is the main co-ion in the background electrolyte. Three methods for different matrixes are presented in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Breadmore MC. Approaches to enhancing the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:27-43. [PMID: 23386334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis in both capillaries (CE) and microchips (ME) is an extremely powerful liquid phase-separation technique that is indispensable for the separation of carbohydrates. It is capable of separating both small mono- and disaccharides, through to more complex oligo- and polysaccharides, with high resolution, but as with all CE and ME separations, the detection limits are often inferior to those that can be achieved with liquid chromatographic methods. One avenue to address this is to use an on-line concentration strategy. Various approaches have been developed over the past 20 years, and this chapter will highlight their application to improve the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in both CE and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Breadmore
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Abstract
The development of methods for capillary electrophoresis (CE) with on-line mass spectrometric detection (CE/MS) is driven by the need for accurate, robust, and sensitive glycomics analysis for basic biomedicine, biomarker discovery, and analysis of recombinant protein therapeutics. One important capability is to profile glycan mixtures with respect to the patterns of substituents including sialic acids, acetate, sulfate, phosphate, and other groups. There is additional need for an MS-compatible separation system capable of resolving carbohydrate isomers. This chapter summarizes applications of CS/MS to analysis of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and glycopeptides that have appeared since 2008. Readers are referred to recent comprehensive reviews covering earlier publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University Medial Campus, Boston, MA, USA.
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Trefulka M, Paleček E. Voltammetric determination of Os(VI)-modified oligosaccharides at nanomolar level. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pioch M, Bunz SC, Neusüss C. Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry relevant to pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1517-30. [PMID: 22736352 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advanced analytical techniques play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological field. In this context, capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) has attracted attention due to efficient and selective separation in combination with powerful detection allowing identification and detailed characterization. Method developments and applications of CE/MS have been focused on questions not easily accessible by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as the analysis of intact proteins, carbohydrates, and various small molecules, including peptides. Here, recent approaches and applications of CE/MS relevant to (bio)pharmaceuticals are reviewed and discussed to show actual developments and future prospects. Based on other reviews on related subjects covering large parts of previous works, the paper is focused on general ideas and contributions of the last 2 years; for the analysis of glycans, the period is extended back to 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pioch
- Chemistry Department, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
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de la Ossa MÁF, Torre M, García-Ruiz C. Determination of nitrocellulose by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 745:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Langan TJ, Holland LA. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry through a coaxial sheath flow interface and semi-permanent phospholipid coating for the determination of oligosaccharides labeled with 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:607-13. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mechref Y. Analysis of glycans derived from glycoconjugates by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3467-81. [PMID: 22180203 PMCID: PMC3360420 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The high structural variation of glycan derived from glycoconjugates, which substantially increases with the molecular size of a protein, contributes to the complexity of glycosylation patterns commonly associated with glycoconjugates. In the case of glycoproteins, such variation originates from the multiple glycosylation sites of proteins and the number of glycan structures associated with each site (microheterogeneity). The ability to comprehensively characterize highly complex mixture of glycans has been analytically stimulating and challenging. Although the most powerful MS and MS/MS techniques are capable of providing a wealth of structural information, they are still not able to readily identify isomeric glycan structures without high-order MS/MS (MS(n) ). The analysis of isomeric glycan structures has been attained using several separation methods, including high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and GC. However, CE and microfluidics CE (MCE) offer high separation efficiency and resolutions, allowing the separation of closely related glycan structures. Therefore, interfacing CE and MCE to MS is a powerful analytical approach, allowing potentially comprehensive and sensitive analysis of complex glycan samples. This review describes and discusses the utility of different CE and MCE approaches in the structural characterization of glycoproteins and the feasibility of interfacing these approaches to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
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Archer-Hartmann SA, Crihfield CL, Holland LA. Online enzymatic sequencing of glycans from Trastuzumab by phospholipid-assisted capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3491-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hommerson P, Khan AM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Ionization techniques in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: principles, design, and application. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1096-1120. [PMID: 21462232 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A major step forward in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was its coupling to ESI-MS, first reported in 1987. More than two decades later, ESI has remained the principal ionization technique in CE-MS, but a number of other ionization techniques have also been implemented. In this review the state-of-the-art in the employment of soft ionization techniques for CE-MS is presented. First the fundamentals and general challenges of hyphenating conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with MS are outlined. After elaborating on the characteristics and role of ESI, emphasis is put on alternative ionization techniques including sonic spray ionization (SSI), thermospray ionization (TSI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB). The principle of each ionization technique is outlined and the experimental set-ups of the CE-MS couplings are described. The strengths and limitations of each ionization technique with respect to CE-MS are discussed and the applicability of the various systems is illustrated by a number of typical examples.
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MESH Headings
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Equipment Design/instrumentation
- Equipment Design/methods
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hommerson
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Maxwell EJ, Ratnayake C, Jayo R, Zhong X, Chen DDY. A promising capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for carbohydrate analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2161-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tůma P, Málková K, Samcová E, Štulík K. Rapid monitoring of mono- and disaccharides in drinks, foodstuffs and foodstuff additives by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qureshi MN, Stecher G, Sultana T, Abel G, Popp M, Bonn GK. Determination of carbohydrates in medicinal plants--comparison between TLC, mf-MELDI-MS and GC-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:296-302. [PMID: 21438049 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality control in the pharmaceutical and phytopharmaceutical industries requires fast and reliable methods for the analysis of raw materials and final products. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates different analytical approaches in order to recognise the most suitable technique for the analysis of carbohydrates in herbal drug preparations. METHODOLOGY The specific focus of the study is on thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), and a newly developed mass spectrometric method, i.e. matrix free material enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (mf-MELDI-MS). Samples employed in the study were standards and microwave-assisted water extracts from Quercus. RESULTS TLC analysis proved the presence of mono-, di- and trisaccharides within the biological sample and hinted at the existence of an unknown carbohydrate of higher oligomerisation degree. After evaluation of different derivatisation techniques, GC-MS confirmed data obtained via TLC for mono- to trisaccharides, delivering additionally quantified values under a considerable amount of time. A carbohydrate of higher oligomerisation degree could not be found. The application of mf-MELDI-MS further confirmed the presence of carbohydrates up to trisaccharides, also hinting at the presence of a form of tetrasaccharide. Besides this information, mf-MELDI-MS delivered further data about other substances present in the extract. Quantitative determination resulted in 1.750, 1.736 and 0.336 mg/mL for glucose, sucrose and raffinose respectively. CONCLUSION Evaluation of all three techniques employed, clearly proved the heightened performance of mf-MELDI-MS for the qualitative analysis of complex mixtures, as targets do not need modification and analysis requires only a few minutes. In addition, GC-MS is suitable for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 52 a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Karlsson G. Development and Application of Methods for Separation of Carbohydrates by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10609-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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40
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Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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41
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Jones CJ, Beni S, Limtiaco JFK, Langeslay DJ, Larive CK. Heparin characterization: challenges and solutions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:439-465. [PMID: 21469955 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although heparin is an important and widely prescribed pharmaceutical anticoagulant, its high degree of sequence microheterogeneity and size polydispersity make molecular-level characterization challenging. Unlike nucleic acids and proteins that are biosynthesized through template-driven assembly processes, heparin and the related glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate are actively remodeled during biosynthesis through a series of enzymatic reactions that lead to variable levels of O- and N-sulfonation and uronic acid epimers. As summarized in this review, heparin sequence information is determined through a bottom-up approach that relies on depolymerization reactions, size- and charge-based separations, and sensitive mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to determine the structural identity of component oligosaccharides. The structure-elucidation process, along with its challenges and opportunities for future analytical improvements, is reviewed and illustrated for a heparin-derived hexasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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42
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Protein glycosylation analysis with capillary-based electromigrative separation techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Pielesz A, Biniaś W. Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and FTIR spectroscopy as methods of identifying a fucoidan in Fucusvesiculosus Linnaeus. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2676-82. [PMID: 21055732 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan from brown algae such as the common bladder wrack (Fucusvesiculosus Linnaeus) is now widely examined in many countries for its interesting biological and therapeutic properties. In this study, the fucoidan was identified during extraction in hydrochloric acid; its presence was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Two slightly different structures were found in real samples of dried bladder wrack supplied by Flos and Witherba, by comparing them with a reference sample of F. vesiculosus L. A simple, repeatable analytical procedure was developed using apparatus for cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and this was supplemented by semi-quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pielesz
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials and Environment Sciences, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
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44
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Abstract
Glycosylation defines the adhesive properties of animal cell surfaces and the surrounding extracellular environments. Because cells respond to stimuli by altering glycan expression, glycan structures vary according to spatial location in tissue and temporal factors. These dynamic structural expression patterns, combined with the essential roles glycans play in physiology, drive the need for analytical methods for glycoconjugates. In addition, recombinant glycoprotein drug products represent a multibillion dollar market. Effective analytical methods are needed to speed the identification of new targets and the development of industrial glycoprotein products, both new and biosimilar. Mass spectrometry is an enabling technology in glycomics. This review summarizes mass spectrometry of glycoconjugate glycans. The intent is to summarize appropriate methods for glycans given their chemical properties as distinct from those of proteins, lipids, and small molecule metabolites. Special attention is given to the uses of mass spectral profiling for glycomics with respect to the N-linked, O-linked, ganglioside, and glycosaminoglycan compound classes. Next, the uses of tandem mass spectrometry of glycans are summarized. The review finishes with an update on mass spectral glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Dawod M, Breadmore MC, Guijt RM, Haddad PR. Electrokinetic supercharging-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry for separation and on-line preconcentration of hypolipidaemic drugs in water samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1184-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Herrero M, García-Cañas V, Simo C, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:205-28. [PMID: 19967713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by García-Cañas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294-309). These works include the analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE-MS, chiral-CE as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Madrid 28006, Spain
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47
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Klepárník K, Otevřel M. Analyte transport in liquid junction nano-electrospray interface between capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:879-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Jones CJ, Membreno N, Larive CK. Insights into the mechanism of separation of heparin and heparan sulfate disaccharides by reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Carbohydrate analysis throughout the development of a protein therapeutic. Glycoconj J 2009; 27:211-25. [PMID: 19888650 PMCID: PMC2821524 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the challenges involved in the characterization of the glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins. The focus is on methods that are most commonly used in regulatory filings and lot release testing of therapeutic glycoproteins. The different types of assays for carbohydrate analysis are reviewed, including the distinction between assays appropriate for lot release or better suited to testing during early drug development or in-depth characterization of the glycosylation. Characteristics of the glycoprotein and production process that should be considered when determining the amount of testing, the number of different methods to employ and when the testing should be performed during development of protein therapeutics is also discussed.
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50
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Klampfl CW. CE with MS detection: A rapidly developing hyphenated technique. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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