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Microfluidic Platform for Parallel Single Cell Analysis for Diagnostic Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28044297 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6734-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cell populations are heterogeneous: they can comprise different cell types or even cells at different stages of the cell cycle and/or of biological processes. Furthermore, molecular processes taking place in cells are stochastic in nature. Therefore, cellular analysis must be brought down to the single cell level to get useful insight into biological processes, and to access essential molecular information that would be lost when using a cell population analysis approach. Furthermore, to fully characterize a cell population, ideally, information both at the single cell level and on the whole cell population is required, which calls for analyzing each individual cell in a population in a parallel manner. This single cell level analysis approach is particularly important for diagnostic applications to unravel molecular perturbations at the onset of a disease, to identify biomarkers, and for personalized medicine, not only because of the heterogeneity of the cell sample, but also due to the availability of a reduced amount of cells, or even unique cells. This chapter presents a versatile platform meant for the parallel analysis of individual cells, with a particular focus on diagnostic applications and the analysis of cancer cells. We first describe one essential step of this parallel single cell analysis protocol, which is the trapping of individual cells in dedicated structures. Following this, we report different steps of a whole analytical process, including on-chip cell staining and imaging, cell membrane permeabilization and/or lysis using either chemical or physical means, and retrieval of the cell molecular content in dedicated channels for further analysis. This series of experiments illustrates the versatility of the herein-presented platform and its suitability for various analysis schemes and different analytical purposes.
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2
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Jadhav AD, Wei L, Shi P. Compartmentalized Platforms for Neuro-Pharmacological Research. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:72-86. [PMID: 26813122 PMCID: PMC4787287 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150516000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissociated primary neuronal cell culture remains an indispensable approach for neurobiology research in order to investigate basic mechanisms underlying diverse neuronal functions, drug screening and pharmacological investigation. Compartmentalization, a widely adopted technique since its emergence in 1970s enables spatial segregation of neuronal segments and detailed investigation that is otherwise limited with traditional culture methods. Although these compartmental chambers (e.g. Campenot chamber) have been proven valuable for the investigation of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) neurons and to some extent within Central Nervous System (CNS) neurons, their utility has remained limited given the arduous manufacturing process, incompatibility with high-resolution optical imaging and limited throughput. The development in the area of microfabrication and microfluidics has enabled creation of next generation compartmentalized devices that are cheap, easy to manufacture, require reduced sample volumes, enable precise control over the cellular microenvironment both spatially as well as temporally, and permit highthroughput testing. In this review we briefly evaluate the various compartmentalization tools used for neurobiological research, and highlight application of the emerging microfluidic platforms towards in vitro single cell neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
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AC and Phase Sensing of Nanowires for Biosensing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 27104577 PMCID: PMC4931475 DOI: 10.3390/bios6020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires are label-free sensors that allow real-time measurements. They are economical and pave the road for point-of-care applications but require complex readout and skilled personnel. We propose a new model and technique for sensing nanowire sensors using alternating currents (AC) to capture both magnitude and phase information from the sensor. This approach combines the advantages of complex impedance spectroscopy with the noise reduction performances of lock-in techniques. Experimental results show how modifications of the sensors with different surface chemistries lead to the same direct-current (DC) response but can be discerned using the AC approach.
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4
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Parallel single cancer cell whole genome amplification using button-valve assisted mixing in nanoliter chambers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107958. [PMID: 25233459 PMCID: PMC4169497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of tumor cells and their alteration during the course of the disease urges the need for real time characterization of individual tumor cells to improve the assessment of treatment options. New generations of therapies are frequently associated with specific genetic alterations driving the need to determine the genetic makeup of tumor cells. Here, we present a microfluidic device for parallel single cell whole genome amplification (pscWGA) to obtain enough copies of a single cell genome to probe for the presence of treatment targets and the frequency of its occurrence among the tumor cells. Individual cells were first captured and loaded into eight parallel amplification units. Next, cells were lysed on a chip and their DNA amplified through successive introduction of dedicated reagents while mixing actively with the help of integrated button-valves. The reaction chamber volume for scWGA 23.85 nl, and starting from 6–7 pg DNA contained in a single cell, around 8 ng of DNA was obtained after WGA, representing over 1000-fold amplification. The amplified products from individual breast cancer cells were collected from the device to either directly investigate the amplification of specific genes by qPCR or for re-amplification of the DNA to obtain sufficient material for whole genome sequencing. Our pscWGA device provides sufficient DNA from individual cells for their genetic characterization, and will undoubtedly allow for automated sample preparation for single cancer cell genomic characterization.
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Frimat JP, Bronkhorst M, de Wagenaar B, Bomer JG, van der Heijden F, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Make it spin: individual trapping of sperm for analysis and recovery using micro-contact printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2635-41. [PMID: 24615285 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the development of a high throughput platform to spatially manipulate viable sperm for motility measurements and recovery of the best single sperm for fertilization purposes. Micro-contact printing was used to pattern islands of adhesive proteins (fibronectin) separated by sperm repellent species (Pluronic acid F-127) on commercially available polystyrene substrates. Following washing, arrays of viable single sperm were captured onto the islands demonstrating for the first time that sperm can be trapped by micro-contact printing with patterning efficiency of 90% while retaining 100% viability. These were then subjected to motility analysis whilst remaining spatially confined to the islands. Single sperm motility was assessed (n = 37) by software analysis measuring the number of rotations per second (degrees s⁻¹). The assignment of array coordinates allows the more active single sperm to be easily identified and recovered by a simple micromanipulator pipette aspiration step with automated possibility for assisted reproductive technologies or further quality correlation analysis. Taken together, we show for the first time a technique to simultaneously screen thousands of viable single sperm for motility assessment while retaining the ability for single species recovery for enhanced fertilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Frimat
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Sukas S, Schreuder E, de Wagenaar B, Swennenhuis J, van den Berg A, Terstappen L, Le Gac S. A novel side electrode configuration integrated in fused silica microsystems for synchronous optical and electrical spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1821-1825. [PMID: 24756127 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel electrode configuration consisting of coplanar side electrode pairs integrated at the half height of the microchannels for the creation of a homogeneous electric field distribution as well as for synchronous optical and electrical measurements. For the integration of such electrodes in fused silica microsystems, a dedicated microfabrication method was utilized, whereby an intermediate bonding layer was applied to lower the temperature for fusion bonding to avoid thereby metal degradation and subsequently to preserve the electrode structures. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our devices with integrated electrodes for single cell electrical lysis and simultaneous fluorescence and impedance measurements for both cell counting and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertan Sukas
- BIOS - Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Advances in miniaturized instruments for genomics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:734675. [PMID: 25114919 PMCID: PMC4119693 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a lot of demonstrations of the miniaturized instruments were reported for genomic applications. They provided the advantages of miniaturization, automation, sensitivity, and specificity for the development of point-of-care diagnostics. The aim of this paper is to report on recent developments on miniaturized instruments for genomic applications. Based on the mature development of microfabrication, microfluidic systems have been demonstrated for various genomic detections. Since one of the objectives of miniaturized instruments is for the development of point-of-care device, impedimetric detection is found to be a promising technique for this purpose. An in-depth discussion of the impedimetric circuits and systems will be included to provide total consideration of the miniaturized instruments and their potential application towards real-time portable imaging in the “-omics” era. The current excellent demonstrations suggest a solid foundation for the development of practical and widespread point-of-care genomic diagnostic devices.
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Boukany PE, Wu Y, Zhao X, Kwak KJ, Glazer PJ, Leong K, Lee LJ. Nonendocytic delivery of lipoplex nanoparticles into living cells using nanochannel electroporation. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:682-9. [PMID: 23996973 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of biomolecules, including siRNAs (≈21 bp) and large plasmids (≈10 kbp), into living cells holds a great promise for therapeutic and research applications. Lipoplex nanoparticles are popular nanocarriers for gene delivery. In conventional transfection methods, the cellular uptake of lipoplex nanoparticels occurs through the endocytosis process. The entrapment of lipoplex nanoparticles into endocytic vesicle is a major barrier in achieving efficient gene silencing and expression. Here, a novel nanochannel electroporation (NEP) method is employed to facilitate the cellular uptake and release of siRNAs/DNAs from lipoplexes. First, it is demonstrated that in a NEP device, lipoplex nanoparticles can be injected directly into the cell cytoplasm within several seconds. Specifically, it is found that lipoplexes containing MCL-1 siRNA delivered by NEP can more efficiently down-regulate the expression of MCL-1 mRNA in A549 cancer cells than conventional transfection. Quantum dot-mediated Förster resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) reveals that lipoplexes delivered via NEP can directly release siRNA in the cytoplasm without going through the endocytosis route, which unravels the responsible mechanism for efficient gene delivery. Furthermore, the advantage of combining NEP with lipoplex nanoparticles by the successful delivery of large plasmids (pCAG2LMKOSimO, 13 kbp) into CHO cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan E. Boukany
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Xi Zhao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 140 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kwang J. Kwak
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Piotr J. Glazer
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Kam Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 1395 CIEMAS Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - L. James Lee
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 140 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Review on Impedance Detection of Cellular Responses in Micro/Nano Environment. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Hydrodynamic Cell Trapping for High Throughput Single-Cell Applications. MICROMACHINES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/mi4040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Vladisavljević GT, Khalid N, Neves MA, Kuroiwa T, Nakajima M, Uemura K, Ichikawa S, Kobayashi I. Industrial lab-on-a-chip: design, applications and scale-up for drug discovery and delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1626-63. [PMID: 23899864 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging and promising interdisciplinary technology which offers powerful platforms for precise production of novel functional materials (e.g., emulsion droplets, microcapsules, and nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles- and drug molecules) as well as high-throughput analyses (e.g., bioassays, detection, and diagnostics). In particular, multiphase microfluidics is a rapidly growing technology and has beneficial applications in various fields including biomedicals, chemicals, and foods. In this review, we first describe the fundamentals and latest developments in multiphase microfluidics for producing biocompatible materials that are precisely controlled in size, shape, internal morphology and composition. We next describe some microfluidic applications that synthesize drug molecules, handle biological substances and biological units, and imitate biological organs. We also highlight and discuss design, applications and scale up of droplet- and flow-based microfluidic devices used for drug discovery and delivery.
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Harink B, Le Gac S, Truckenmüller R, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. Regeneration-on-a-chip? The perspectives on use of microfluidics in regenerative medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3512-28. [PMID: 23877890 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of regenerative medicine is to restore or establish normal function of damaged tissues or organs. Tremendous efforts are placed into development of novel regenerative strategies, involving (stem) cells, soluble factors, biomaterials or combinations thereof, as a result of the growing need caused by continuous population aging. To satisfy this need, fast and reliable assessment of (biological) performance is sought, not only to select the potentially interesting candidates, but also to rule out poor ones at an early stage of development. Microfluidics may provide a new avenue to accelerate research and development in the field of regenerative medicine as it has proven its maturity for the realization of high-throughput screening platforms. In addition, microfluidic systems offer other advantages such as the possibility to create in vivo-like microenvironments. Besides the complexity of organs or tissues that need to be regenerated, regenerative medicine brings additional challenges of complex regeneration processes and strategies. The question therefore arises whether so much complexity can be integrated into microfluidic systems without compromising reliability and throughput of assays. With this review, we aim to investigate whether microfluidics can become widely applied in regenerative medicine research and/or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Harink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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13
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Shahini M, van Wijngaarden F, Yeow JTW. Fabrication of electro-microfluidic channel for single cell electroporation. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 15:759-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Trouillon R, Passarelli MK, Wang J, Kurczy ME, Ewing AG. Chemical Analysis of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 85:522-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303290s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa K. Passarelli
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Feng H, Shu W, Chen GY, Zhong JF. An automated microfluidic device for assessment of mammalian cell genetic stability. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3930-5. [PMID: 22814625 PMCID: PMC3447114 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptome contains reliable gene regulatory relationships because gene-gene interactions only happen within a mammalian cell. While the study of gene-gene interactions enables us to understand the molecular mechanism of cellular events and evaluate molecular characteristics of a mammalian cell population, its complexity requires an analysis of a large number of single-cells at various stages. However, many existing microfluidic platforms cannot process single-cells effectively for routine molecular analysis. To address these challenges, we develop an integrated system with individual controller for effective single-cell transcriptome analysis. In this paper, we report an integrated microfluidic approach to rapidly measure gene expression in individual cells for genetic stability assessment of a cell population. Inside this integrated microfluidic device, the cells are individually manipulated and isolated in an array using micro sieve structures, then transferred into different nanoliter reaction chambers for parallel processing of single-cell transcriptome analysis. This device enables us to manipulate individual single-cells into nanoliter reactor with high recovery rate. We have performed gene expression analysis for a large number of HeLa cells and 293T cells expanded from a single-cell. Our data shows that even the house-keeping genes are expressed at heterogeneous levels within a clone of cells. The heterogeneity of actin expression reflects the genetic stability, and the expression distribution is different between cancer cells (HeLa) and immortalized 293T cells. The result demonstrates that this platform has the potential for assessment of genetic stability in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Abstract
Because of intensive developments in recent years, the microfluidic system has become a powerful tool for biological analysis. Entire analytic protocols including sample pretreatment, sample/reagent manipulation, separation, reaction, and detection can be integrated into a single chip platform. A lot of demonstrations on the diagnostic applications related to genes, proteins, and cells have been reported because of their advantages associated with miniaturization, automation, sensitivity, and specificity. The aim of this article is to review recent developments in microfluidic systems for diagnostic applications. Based on the categories of various fluid-manipulating mechanisms and biological detection approaches, in-depth discussion of the microfluidic-based diagnostic systems is provided. Moreover, a brief discussion on materials and manufacturing techniques will be included. The current excellent integration of microfluidic systems and diagnostic applications suggests a solid foundation for the development of practical point-of-care devices.
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Jen CP, Amstislavskaya TG, Liu YH, Hsiao JH, Chen YH. Single-cell electric lysis on an electroosmotic-driven microfluidic chip with arrays of microwells. SENSORS 2012; 12:6967-77. [PMID: 22969331 PMCID: PMC3435960 DOI: 10.3390/s120606967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content. An electroosmotic-driven microfluidic chip with arrays of 30-μm-diameter microwells was developed for single-cell electric lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in the microwells when the applied voltage was 5 V (82.4%) was slightly higher than that at an applied voltage of 10 V (81.8%). When the applied voltage was increased to 15 V, the cellular occupancy in the microwells dropped to 64.3%. More than 50% of the occupied microwells contain individual cells. The results of electric lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that the cells were gradually lysed as the DC voltage of 30 V was applied; the cell was fully lysed after 25 s. Single-cell electric lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovation, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, 62102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-P.J.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 (ext. 33322); Fax: +886-5-272-0589
| | - Tamara G. Amstislavskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; E-Mail:
| | - Ya-Hui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovation, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, 62102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Ju-Hsiu Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovation, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, 62102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-P.J.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 (ext. 33322); Fax: +886-5-272-0589
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Jen CP, Hsiao JH, Maslov NA. Single-cell chemical lysis on microfluidic chips with arrays of microwells. SENSORS 2011; 12:347-58. [PMID: 22368473 PMCID: PMC3279217 DOI: 10.3390/s120100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many conventional biochemical assays are performed using populations of cells to determine their quantitative biomolecular profiles. However, population averages do not reflect actual physiological processes in individual cells, which occur either on short time scales or nonsynchronously. Therefore, accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content. Microfluidic chips with arrays of microwells were developed for single-cell chemical lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in 30-μm-diameter microwells (91.45%) was higher than that in 20-μm-diameter microwells (83.19%) at an injection flow rate of 2.8 μL/min. However, most of the occupied 20-μm-diameter microwells contained individual cells. The results of chemical lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that cell membranes were gradually lysed as the lysis buffer was injected; they were fully lysed after 12 s. Single-cell chemical lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovation, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 ext. 33322; Fax: +886-5-272-0589
| | - Ju-Hsiu Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovation, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Nikolay A. Maslov
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; E-Mail:
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