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Jia ZH, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Total Syntheses and Absolute Stereochemical Correction of Negundin B, Vitexin 1, and Vitexin 6. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3644-3651. [PMID: 38377490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A highly adaptable asymmetric synthetic route toward dihydronaphthalene lignans was developed, with its application to the syntheses of negundin B and vitexin 1/6 described herein. This developed pathway proceeded through an enantioselective aldol reaction to establish the contiguous stereocenters present in the final structures with subsequent functional group transformations yielding (-)-negundin B and (-)-vitexin 1/6. The enantioselective synthesis of vitexin 1/6 allowed the correction of absolute configuration, which has been widely incorrectly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Hao Jia
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Te Pu̅naha Matatini, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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2
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Bera M, Sen B, Garai S, Hajra S. Organocatalytic aldol approach for the protecting group-free asymmetric synthesis of (7 R')-parabenzlactone, (-)-hinokinin, (-)-yatein, (-)-bursehernin, (-)-pluviatolide, (+)-isostegane and allied lignans. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8749-8756. [PMID: 37873613 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A short and efficient catalytic asymmetric protection-free synthesis of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, such as (-)-hinokinin, (-)-yatein, (-)-bursehernin, (-)-pluviatolide, and their 7'-hydroxylignans - (7'R)-parabenzlactone, (7'R)-hydroxyyatein, (7'R)-hydroxybursehernin, and (7'R)-hydroxy pluviatolide, respectively, is described. The syntheses of (+)-isostegane and the formal synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxin and bicubebins are also described. Organocatalytic aldol-reduction-lactonization and Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenative debromination are two-pot sequential reactions for the enantioselective synthesis of hydroxybutyrolactone 13b with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (dr 33 : 1 and >99% ee). The protecting group-free chemoselective α-alkylation of 13b directly led to 7'-hydroxydibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, followed by hydrogenative dehydroxylation, which led to their (deoxy) dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, and the syntheses were completed in three to five steps from 6-bromopiperonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bera
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Biswajit Sen
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Sujay Garai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
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Danaeipour Z, Garoosi G, Tohidfar M, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Mirjalili MH. Comprehensive RNA-Seq-based study and metabolite profiling to identify genes involved in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Linum album Kotschy ex Boiss. (Linaceae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:9219. [PMID: 37286620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Linum album is a well-known rich source of anticancer compounds, i.e., podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and other lignans. These compounds play an important role in the plant's defensive system. The RNA-Seq data of flax (L. usitatissimum) were analyzed under various biotic and abiotic stresses to comprehend better the importance of lignans in plant defense responses. Then, the association between the lignan contents and some related gene expressions was experimented with HPLC and qRT-PCR, respectively. Transcriptomic profiling showed a specific expression pattern in different organs, and just the commonly regulated gene EP3 was detected with a significant increase under all stresses. The in silico analysis of the PTOX biosynthesis pathway identified a list of genes, including laccase (LAC11), lactoperoxidase (POD), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH). These genes increased significantly under individual stresses. The HPLC analysis showed that the measured lignan contents generally increased under stress. In contrast, a quantitative expression of the genes involved in this pathway using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern that seems to contribute to regulating PTOX content in response to stress. Identified modifications of critical genes related to PTOX biosynthesis in response to multiple stresses can provide a baseline for improving PTOX content in L. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Danaeipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 3414916818, Iran
| | - Ghasemali Garoosi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 3414916818, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Dogra A, Kumar J. Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136779. [PMID: 36969868 PMCID: PMC10034375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and in silico tools.
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Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives: Potential anticancer agents of natural origin in cancer chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114145. [PMID: 36586242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant secondary metabolites has gained considerable attention among clinicians in the prevention and treatment of cancer. A secondary metabolite isolated mainly from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (Berberidaceae) is aryltetralin lignan - podophyllotoxin (PTOX). The purpose of this review is to discuss the therapeutic properties of PTOX as an important anticancer compound of natural origin. The relevant information regarding the antitumor mechanisms of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives were collected and analyzed from scientific databases. The results of the analysis showed PTOX exhibits potent cytotoxic activity; however, it cannot be used in its pure form due to its toxicity and generation of many side effects. Therefore, it practically remains clinically unusable. Currently, high effort is focused on attempts to synthesize analogs of PTOX that have better properties for therapeutic use e.g. etoposide (VP-16), teniposide, etopophos. PTOX derivatives are used as anticancer drugs which are showing additional immunosuppressive, antiviral, antioxidant, hypolipemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, attention is paid to the high potential of the usefulness of in vitro cultures of P. peltatum which can be a valuable source of lignans, including PTOX. In conclusion, the preclinical pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo confirm the anticancer and chemotherapeutic potential of PTOX and its derivatives. In the future, clinical studies on human subjects are needed to certify the antitumor effects and the anticancer mechanisms to be certified and analyzed in more detail and to validate the experimental pharmacological preclinical studies.
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Mukhija M, Joshi BC, Bairy PS, Bhargava A, Sah AN. Lignans: a versatile source of anticancer drugs. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:76. [PMID: 35694188 PMCID: PMC9166195 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is considered as the second deadliest disease globally. Plants have continuously offered unique secondary metabolites with remarkable biological applications. Lignans have gained great importance due to their biological activity. Previous studies revealed that the most remarkable bioactivity of lignan class of molecules is anticancer. They are derived from the oxidative dimerization of two phenylpropanoid units. This review covers the isolated anticancer lignans and their mechanistic aspects. Main body A bibliographic investigation was performed by analyzing the information available on anticancer lignans in the internationally accepted scientific databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. In this review we have tried to sum up the isolated anticancerous lignan, its source, active plant part, extract and various cell lines used to establish different studies. Here we have included a total number of 113 natural lignans. Many studies that mainly performed in human cell lines have reported. Very few plants have been evaluated for their in vivo anticancer activity. Conclusion It can be concluded that in near future the lignans may be an effective pharmacon for the treatment of cancer. Fruitful areas of future research may be in modifying natural lignans or synthesizing new lignans with structural diversity and potent pharmacological activities. Extensive studies are needed to be done highlighting the mechanism of anticancer action of explored and unexplored plants. The data will definitely attract many researchers to start further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Mazumder K, Aktar A, Roy P, Biswas B, Hossain ME, Sarkar KK, Bachar SC, Ahmed F, Monjur-Al-Hossain ASM, Fukase K. A Review on Mechanistic Insight of Plant Derived Anticancer Bioactive Phytocompounds and Their Structure Activity Relationship. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093036. [PMID: 35566385 PMCID: PMC9102595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disorder that rigorously affects the human population worldwide. There is a steady demand for new remedies to both treat and prevent this life-threatening sickness due to toxicities, drug resistance and therapeutic failures in current conventional therapies. Researchers around the world are drawing their attention towards compounds of natural origin. For decades, human beings have been using the flora of the world as a source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, clinically approved anticancer compounds are vincristine, vinblastine, taxanes, and podophyllotoxin, all of which come from natural sources. With the triumph of these compounds that have been developed into staple drug products for most cancer therapies, new technologies are now appearing to search for novel biomolecules with anticancer activities. Ellipticine, camptothecin, combretastatin, curcumin, homoharringtonine and others are plant derived bioactive phytocompounds with potential anticancer properties. Researchers have improved the field further through the use of advanced analytical chemistry and computational tools of analysis. The investigation of new strategies for administration such as nanotechnology may enable the development of the phytocompounds as drug products. These technologies have enhanced the anticancer potential of plant-derived drugs with the aim of site-directed drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced toxicity. This review discusses mechanistic insights into anticancer compounds of natural origins and their structural activity relationships that make them targets for anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: or (K.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Md. Emran Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Kishore Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.A.); (P.R.); (B.B.); (M.E.H.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Sitesh Chandra Bachar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (S.C.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (S.C.B.); (F.A.)
| | - A. S. M. Monjur-Al-Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: or (K.M.); (K.F.)
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Javadian N, Karimzadeh G, Sharifi M, Moieni A. Effect of ploidy level on podophyllotoxin content and expression of genes related to its biosynthesis in callus cultures of Linum album. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Galindo-Solís JM, Fernández FJ. Endophytic Fungal Terpenoids: Natural Role and Bioactivities. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020339. [PMID: 35208794 PMCID: PMC8875210 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a highly diverse group of fungi that intermittently colonize all plants without causing symptoms of the disease. They sense and respond to physiological and environmental changes of their host plant and microbiome. The inter-organism interactions are largely driven by chemical networks mediated by specialized metabolites. The balance of these complex interactions leads to healthy and strong host plants. Endophytic strains have particular machinery to produce a plethora of secondary metabolites with a variety of bioactivities and unknown functions in an ecological niche. Terpenoids play a key role in endophytism and represent an important source of bioactive molecules for human health and agriculture. In this review, we describe the role of endophytic fungi in plant health, fungal terpenoids in multiple interactions, and bioactive fungal terpenoids recently reported from endophytes, mainly from plants used in traditional medicine, as well as from algae and mangroves. Additionally, we highlight endophytic fungi as producers of important chemotherapeutic terpenoids, initially discovered in plants. Despite advances in understanding endophytism, we still have much to learn in this field. The study of the role, the evolution of interactions of endophytic fungi and their terpenoids provide an opportunity for better applications in human health and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Galindo-Solís
- Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City CP 09340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5804-6453
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Feng H, Chen G, Zhang Y, Guo M. Exploring Multifunctional Bioactive Components from Podophyllum sinense Using Multi-Target Ultrafiltration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749189. [PMID: 34759823 PMCID: PMC8573357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllum sinense (P. sinense) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for ages due to its extensive pharmaceutical activities, including antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, insecticidal effects, etc. Nevertheless, the specific bioactive constituents responsible for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities remain elusive, owing to its complicated and diversified chemical components. In order to explore these specific bioactive components and their potential interaction targets, affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UF–HPLC/MS) strategy was developed to rapidly screen out and identify bioactive compounds against four well-known drug targets that are correlated to the application of P. sinense as a traditional medicine, namely, Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, and ACE2. As a result, 7, 10, 6, and 7 phytochemicals were screened out as the potential Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, and ACE2 ligands, respectively. Further confirmation of these potential bioactive components with antiproliferative and COX-2 inhibitory assays in vitro was also implemented. Herein, diphyllin and podophyllotoxin with higher EF values demonstrated higher inhibitory rates against A549 and HT-29 cells as compared with those of 5-FU and etoposide. The IC50 values of diphyllin were calculated at 6.46 ± 1.79 and 30.73 ± 0.56 μM on A549 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Moreover, diphyllin exhibited good COX-2 inhibitory activity with the IC50 value at 1.29 ± 0.14 μM, whereas indomethacin was 1.22 ± 0.08 μM. In addition, those representative constituents with good affinity on Topo I, Topo II, COX-2, or ACE2, such as diphyllin, podophyllotoxin, and diphyllin O-glucoside, were further validated with molecular docking analysis. Above all, the integrated method of UF–HPLC/MS with multiple drug targets rapidly singled out multi-target bioactive components and partly elucidated their action mechanisms regarding its multiple pharmacological effects from P. sinense, which could provide valuable information about its further development for the new multi-target drug discovery from natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Endophytic Microbial Diversity: A New Hope for the Production of Novel Anti-tumor and Anti-HIV Agents as Future Therapeutics. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1699-1717. [PMID: 33725144 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a collective name for a variety of diseases that can begin in virtually every organ or body tissue as abnormal cells develop uncontrollably and ten million new cancer cases are diagnosed all over the world at present. Whereas HIV is a virus that makes people susceptible to infection and contributes to the condition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Almost 37 million people are currently diagnosed with HIV and 1 million people die every year, which is the worst-case scenario. Potential medicinal compounds have played a crucial role in the production of certain clinically beneficial novel anti-cancer and anti-HIV agents that are produced from natural sources especially from plants. These include Taxol, Vinblastine, Podophyllotoxin, Betulinic acid, Camptothecin, and Vincristine, etc. In the past decades, bioactive compounds were extracted directly from the plant sources which was more time consuming, led to low yield productivity, high cost, and bad impact on biodiversity. Endophytes, the microorganisms that reside inside the host plant by not causing any kind of harm to them and have potential applications in agriculture, medicine, pollution, and food industries. Therefore, by isolating and characterizing novel endophytes from medicinal plants and extracting their secondary metabolites to produce useful bioactive compounds can be beneficial for well-being and society as a future therapeutics. This approach is not harmful to biodiversity economical, timesaving, low cost, and can lead to the discovery of various industrial and commercially important novel anti-tumor and anti-HIV agents in the future. The Himalayas are home to several medicinal plants and the endophytic microbial biodiversity of the Himalayan region is also not much explored yet. However, the effect of compounds from these endophytes on anticancer and antiviral activity, especially anti-HIV has been largely unexplored. Hence, the present review is designed to the exploration of endophytic microbial diversity that can give rise to the discovery of various novel potential industrially valuable bioactive compounds that can lessen the rate of such type of pandemic diseases in the future by providing low-cost future therapeutics in future.
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Abdel-Azeem MA, El-Maradny YA, Othman AM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of New Pharmaceutical Biomolecules. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Palaniyandi K, Jun W. Low temperature enhanced the podophyllotoxin accumulation vis-a-vis its biosynthetic pathway gene(s) expression in Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng – A pharmaceutically important medicinal plant. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Chhillar H, Chopra P, Ashfaq MA. Lignans from linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and its allied species: Retrospect, introspect and prospect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2719-2741. [PMID: 32619358 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1784840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are complex diphenolic compounds representing phytoestrogens and occur widely across the plant kingdom. Formed by the coupling of two coniferyl alcohol residues, lignans constitute major plant "specialized metabolites" with exceptional biological attributes that aid in plant defence and provide health benefits in humans by reducing the risk of ailments such as cancer, diabetes etc. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the richest sources of lignans followed by cereals and legumes. Among the various types of lignans, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is considered as the essential and nutrient rich lignan in linseed. Lignans exhibit established antimitotic, antiviral and anti-tumor properties that contribute to their medicinal value. The present review seeks to provide a holistic view of research in the past and present times revolving around lignans from linseed and its allied species. This review attempts to elucidate sources, structures and functional properties of lignans, along with detailed biosynthetic mechanisms operating in plants. It summarizes various methods for the determination of lignan content in plants. Biotechnological interventions (in planta and in vitro) aimed at enriching lignan content and adoption of integrative approaches that might further enhance lignan content and medicinal and nutraceutical value of Linum spp. have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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Evaluation of cytotoxic and anticancer effect of Orobanche crenata methanolic extract on cancer cell lines. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320918685. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428320918685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the antitumor activity of Orobanche crenata methanolic extract and evaluate its cytotoxic effect on different cancer cell lines to develop an effective natural anticancer drug. Components of O. crenata methanolic extract were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The extract’s antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power procedures and cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Caspase-3 activity was also estimated. O. crenata methanolic extract shows powerful antioxidant activity. The extract inhibited the propagation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human prostate cancer (PC3), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) in a dose-dependent manner. O. crenata–treated cells displayed obvious morphological structures distinctive of apoptosis. MTT assay exposed that the extract presented prevention of cell persistence in a dose-dependent means and revealed extremely cytotoxic activity against HepG2, PC3, MCF-7, and HCT-116 with 50% inhibitory concentration values 30.3, 111, 89.6, and 28.6 µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. In addition, treatment of HCT-116 with various concentrations of the extract caused the release of lactate dehydrogenase and induction of caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent way. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the O. crenata extract possesses potent antioxidant, cytotoxic activity, and anticancer properties which are possibly due to the principal bioactive phytochemical composites existing in this plant. These results can be used to develop new drugs for cancer treatment.
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Mir MA, Hamdani SS, Sheikh BA, Mehraj U. Recent Advances in Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573395515666191102094330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and morbidity in the world among noncommunicable diseases after cardiovascular ailments. With the advancement in science and research, a number of therapies have been developed to treat cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemo and radiotherapy have been in use since the last two decades, however these are not devoid of their own intrinsic problems, such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative methods for the treatment of cancer. An increase in the cases of various cancers has encouraged the researchers to discover novel, more effective drugs from plant sources. In this review, fifteen medicinal plants alongside their products with anticancer effects will be introduced and discussed, as well as the most important plant compounds responsible for the anticancer activity of the plant. Several phenolic and alkaloid compounds have been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on various types of cancers. The most fundamental and efficient role exhibited by these secondary plant metabolites against cancer involves removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that plants and their metabolites may provide an alternative to the existing approaches, including chemotherapies and radiotherapies, in the treatment of cancer. In this review, a brief overview of important secondary metabolites having anticancer activity will be given, along with the major molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. In addition to this, recent advances in secondary metabolites from various medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of cancer will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Syed S. Hamdani
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Bashir A. Sheikh
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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17
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Sharma S, Mehak, Chhimwal J, Patial V, Sk UH. Dendrimer-conjugated podophyllotoxin suppresses DENA-induced HCC progression by modulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic factors. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:560-567. [PMID: 31367338 PMCID: PMC6621132 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin has been explored as an anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial agent; however, its low water solubility and toxicity limit its use. In this study, the efficacy of a more soluble and less toxic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-conjugated podophyllotoxin (DPODO) was evaluated against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. HCC was induced by giving 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in drinking water for 16 weeks. The HCC-induced mice were treated with 10 or 20 mg per kg body weight DPODO. The DENA administration led to HCC development, characterized by anisocytosis, karyomegaly, inflammation and degenerative changes in the liver. The DPODO treatment at 10 mg and 20 mg doses significantly reduced the histopathological changes in liver tissue. The DPODO treatment also significantly lowered the levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and NF-κB in serum and tissue, respectively. Further, the treatment also significantly reduced fibrous tissue deposition in the liver, which was further confirmed by the reduced mRNA levels and tissue expression of fibrogenic markers TGF-β and α-SMA in the liver. The results of the present study indicate that DPODO treatment suppresses the progression of HCC by modulating the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors, which play important roles in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India
| | - Mehak
- Natural Products Chemistry and Process Development Division , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India
| | - Ugir Hossain Sk
- Natural Products Chemistry and Process Development Division , Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , H.P. , India
- Clinical and Translational Research , Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata 700026 , India .
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18
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Morales-Sánchez V, Fe Andrés M, Díaz CE, González-Coloma A. Factors Affecting the Metabolite Productions in Endophytes: Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Metabolites. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:1855-1873. [PMID: 31241432 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190626154421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since 1980, many species and different strains from endophytic genera of Phomopsis, Fusarium, Pestaliopsis and Aspergillus have been studied because of their ability to produce medicinal compounds found in their host plants. Some of these medicinal agents such as Taxol, Brefeldine A, Camptothecin and Podophyllotoxin are being produced in large-scale after an optimization process. However, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce host-like medicinal compounds remains largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Fe Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Elisa Díaz
- Instituto de Productos naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC. Avda. Astrofísico F. Sanchez, 3. 38206 La Laguna, Tenertife, Spain
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19
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Sanchez-Muñoz R, Moyano E, Khojasteh A, Bonfill M, Cusido RM, Palazon J. Genomic methylation in plant cell cultures: A barrier to the development of commercial long-term biofactories. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:872-879. [PMID: 32624979 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell biofactories offer great advantages for the production of plant compounds of interest, although certain limitations still need to be overcome before their maximum potential is reached. One obstacle is the gradual loss of secondary metabolite production during in vitro culture maintenance, which is an important impediment in the development of large-scale production systems. The relationship between in vitro maintenance and epigenetic changes has been demonstrated in several plant species; in particular, methylation levels have been found to increase in in vitro cultures over time. Higher DNA methylation levels have been correlated with a low yield of secondary metabolites in in vitro plant cell cultures. The longer the period of subculturing, the more methylated cytosines were found throughout the genome, and secondary metabolism decreased significantly. This review summarizes different studies on epigenetic changes during the maintenance of in vitro cell cultures and the insights they provide on the mechanisms involved. It concludes by looking at the perspectives for new approaches designed to avoid declines in metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Sanchez-Muñoz
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Elisabeth Moyano
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Abbas Khojasteh
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultat de Farmacia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultat de Farmacia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa M Cusido
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultat de Farmacia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultat de Farmacia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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20
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Hartmann P, Lazzarotto M, Steiner L, Cigan E, Poschenrieder S, Sagmeister P, Fuchs M. TRIP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Yatein, (-)-α-Conidendrin, (+)-Isostegane, and (+)-Neoisostegane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5831-5837. [PMID: 30920215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric allylation under the assistance of catalytic amounts of 3,3'-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate (TRIP) allows the concise construction of the lignan scaffold from simple aldehydes and allylic bromides with full control of the two formed stereocenters. This young methodology has been employed to synthesize four naturally and pharmaceutically active lignans. Members of the dibenzylbutyrolactone, the tetraline, and the dibenzocyclooctadiene classes have been synthesized in 40-47% overall yield along four-step synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hartmann
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Mattia Lazzarotto
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Emmanuel Cigan
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Silvan Poschenrieder
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Peter Sagmeister
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- University of Graz , Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry , Heinrichstrasse 28/II , Graz 8010 , Austria
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21
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Wu Z, Wang T, Song Y, Lu Y, Chen T, Chen P, Hui A, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang W. Optimization on conditions of podophyllotoxin-loaded liposomes using response surface methodology and its activity on PC3 cells. J Liposome Res 2019; 29:133-141. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1502303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yonghong Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tianyun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ailing Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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22
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Ma DL, Wu C, Cheng SS, Lee FW, Han QB, Leung CH. Development of Natural Product-Conjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E341. [PMID: 30650627 PMCID: PMC6359354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs have revolutionized cancer care, but are unfortunately associated with various adverse effects. Meanwhile, natural product scaffolds exhibit multifarious bioactivities and serve as an attractive resource for cancer therapy development. Thus, the conjugation of natural product scaffolds to metal complexes becomes an attractive strategy to reduce the severe side effects arising from the use of metal bearing drugs. This review aims to highlight the recent examples of natural product-conjugated metal complexes as cancer therapies with enhanced selectivity and efficacy. We discuss the mechanisms and features of different conjugate complexes and present an outlook and perspective for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Fu-Wa Lee
- College of International Education, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shek Mun, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
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23
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Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K. Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds from Plant and Marine Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3533. [PMID: 30423952 PMCID: PMC6275022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the substances of plant and marine origin that have anticancer properties. The chemical structure of the molecules of these substances, their properties, mechanisms of action, their structure⁻activity relationships, along with their anticancer properties and their potential as chemotherapeutic drugs are discussed in this paper. This paper presents natural substances from plants, animals, and their aquatic environments. These substances include the vinca alkaloids, mistletoe plant extracts, podophyllotoxin derivatives, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including geniposide, colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, salvicine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin, and bruceantin. Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from the marine plants and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates (e.g., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) as well as certain other substances that have been tested on cells and experimental animals and used in human chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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24
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Kašparová M, Pilařová P, Tůmová L, Siatka T. Effect of Precursor and Phytohormones on Podophyllotoxin Production in Juniperus virginiana Suspension Cultures. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results showed that cinnamic acid can increase podophyllotoxin production in Juniperus virginiana suspension cultures. The best effect was manifested after a 24-hours application of a 10 mmol/L concentration. The highest podophyllotoxin content was determined at 1.47 mg/g DW and the production was statistically significantly stimulated by about 444% in comparison with the control. Comparison of podophyllotoxin production in the cinnamic acid- and salicylic acid-elicited J. virginiana suspension cultures confirms that the maximum increase in both cases was induced by the 24-hours application of the 10 mmol/L concentration. In contrast, the best effect of jasmonic acid was manifested after the longest 168-hours application of a 5 mmol/L concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kašparová
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Pilařová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tůmová
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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25
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Lalaleo L, Testillano P, Risueño MC, Cusidó RM, Palazon J, Alcazar R, Bonfill M. Effect of in vitro morphogenesis on the production of podophyllotoxin derivatives in callus cultures of Linum album. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:47-58. [PMID: 29852334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer compound podophyllotoxin and other related lignans can be produced in Linum album in vitro cultures, although their biosynthesis varies according to the degree of differentiation of the plant material. In general, L. album cell cultures do not form the same lignans as roots or other culture systems. Our aim was to explore how the lignan-producing capacity of organogenic cell masses is affected by the conditions that promote their formation and growth. Thus, L. album biomass obtained from plantlets was cultured in darkness or light, with or without the addition of plant growth regulators, and the levels of podophyllotoxin, methoxypodophyllotoxin and other related lignans were determined in each of these conditions. The organogenic capacity of the cell biomass grown in the different conditions was studied directly and also with light and scanning electronic microscopy, leading to the observation of.several somatic embryos and well-formed shoots. The main lignan produced was methoxypodophyllotoxin, whose production was clearly linked to the organogenic capacity of the cell biomass, which to a lesser extent was also the case for podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lalaleo
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Testillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Risueño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cusidó
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Alcazar
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Matsuura HN, Malik S, de Costa F, Yousefzadi M, Mirjalili MH, Arroo R, Bhambra AS, Strnad M, Bonfill M, Fett-Neto AG. Specialized Plant Metabolism Characteristics and Impact on Target Molecule Biotechnological Production. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:169-183. [PMID: 29290031 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism evolved in the context of highly organized and differentiated cells and tissues, featuring massive chemical complexity operating under tight environmental, developmental and genetic control. Biotechnological demand for natural products has been continuously increasing because of their significant value and new applications, mainly as pharmaceuticals. Aseptic production systems of plant secondary metabolites have improved considerably, constituting an attractive tool for increased, stable and large-scale supply of valuable molecules. Surprisingly, to date, only a few examples including taxol, shikonin, berberine and artemisinin have emerged as success cases of commercial production using this strategy. The present review focuses on the main characteristics of plant specialized metabolism and their implications for current strategies used to produce secondary compounds in axenic cultivation systems. The search for consonance between plant secondary metabolism unique features and various in vitro culture systems, including cell, tissue, organ, and engineered cultures, as well as heterologous expression in microbial platforms, is discussed. Data to date strongly suggest that attaining full potential of these biotechnology production strategies requires being able to take advantage of plant specialized metabolism singularities for improved target molecule yields and for bypassing inherent difficulties in its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Nitta Matsuura
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65.080-805, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Morteza Yousefzadi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Randolph Arroo
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Avninder S Bhambra
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
The physicochemical properties of classical lignans, neolignans, flavonolignans and carbohydrate-lignan conjugates (CLCs) were analysed to assess their ADMET profiles and establish if these compounds are lead-like/drug-like and thus have potential to be or act as leads in the development of future therapeutics. It was found that while no studied compounds were lead-like, a very large proportion (>75%) fulfilled all the requirements to be deemed as present in drug-like space and almost all compounds studied were in the known drug space. Principal component analysis was an effective technique that enabled the investigation of the relationship between the studied molecular descriptors and was able to separate the lignans from their sugar derivatives and flavonolignans, primarily according to the parameters that are considered when defining chemical space (i.e., number of hydrogen bond donors, acceptors, rotatable bonds, polar surface area and molecular weight). These results indicate that while CLCs and flavonolignans are less drug-like, lignans show a particularly high level of drug-likeness, an observation that coupled with their potent biological activities, demands future pursuit into their potential for use as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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28
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Ping H, Arulselvan P, Jinghua L, Linmei S, Gothai S, Muniandy K, Kumar SS, Esa N. Amelioration of oxidative stress through apoptosis-mediated pathway in colon cancer cells by hexane fraction of Moringa oleifera extract. Pharmacogn Mag 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_284_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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30
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Javadian N, Karimzadeh G, Sharifi M, Moieni A, Behmanesh M. In vitro polyploidy induction: changes in morphology, podophyllotoxin biosynthesis, and expression of the related genes in Linum album (Linaceae). PLANTA 2017; 245:1165-1178. [PMID: 28293732 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Induction of tetraploidy was performed and podophyllotoxin production increased by upregulating the expression level and enzyme activity of genes related to its biosynthesis in tetraploid compared to diploid Linum album. Linum album is a valuable medicinal plant that produces antiviral and anticancer compounds including podophyllotoxin (PTOX). To achieve homogeneous materials, in vitro diploid clones were established, and their nodal segments were exposed to different concentrations and durations of colchicine. This resulted in successful tetraploidy induction, confirmed by flow cytometry, and is being reported for the first time. The highest efficiency of tetraploid induction (22%) was achieved after 72 h exposure to 2.5-mM colchicine treatment. The stable tetraploids were produced after being subcultured three times, and their ploidy stability was confirmed after each subculture. The effects of autopolyploidy were measured on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics, as well as enzyme activity and the expression levels of some key genes involved in the PTOX biosynthetic pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-Coa reductase (CCR), cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR). The tetraploid plants had larger leaves and stomata (length and width) and lower density stomata. Increasing the ploidy level from diploid to tetraploid resulted in 1.39- and 1.23-fold enhancement of PTOX production, respectively, in the leaves and stem. The increase in PTOX content was associated with upregulated activities of some enzymes studied related to its biosynthetic pathway and the expression of the corresponding genes. The expression of the PAL gene and PLR enzymatic activity had the most positive correlation with the ploidy level in both leaf and stem tissues. Our results verified that autotetraploid induction is a useful breeding method, remarkably increasing the PTOX content in the leaves and stem of L. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Javadian
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Plant tissue cultures are a potential source of secondary metabolites. However, their production, when compared with intact plants, is usually lower. Phenylalanine, a biogenetic precursor of podophyllotoxin, was used to stimulate podophyllotoxin production in callus and suspension cultures of Juniperus virginiana L. The best phenylalanine effect on podophyllotoxin production was manifested in three-years-old callus cultures after a 21-days application of a 10 mmol/L concentration. A podophyllotoxin content of 0.15 mg/g DW was determined, which was about 400% higher in comparison with the control. The maximum content (0.48 mg/g DW) in newly derived suspension cultures (the 4th passage) was induced by 14-days application of a 1 mmol/L concentration; this was about 243% higher than the control. In one-year-old suspension cultures the highest podophyllotoxin content (0.56 mg/g DW) was recorded also after 14-days application of a 1 mmol/L concentration; this was about 211% higher than in the control cultures.
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32
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Chiodelli G, Pellizzoni M, Ruzickova G, Lucini L. Effect of Different Aloe Fractions on the Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Food Sci 2016; 82:219-224. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiodelli
- Inst. of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; via Emilia Parmense 84 29122 Piacenza Italy
| | - Marco Pellizzoni
- Inst. of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; via Emilia Parmense 84 29122 Piacenza Italy
| | - Gabriela Ruzickova
- Central European Inst. of Technology; Zemedelska 1 - 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Inst. of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; via Emilia Parmense 84 29122 Piacenza Italy
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33
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Zhao L, Shao Z, Shanks JV. Anticancer Drugs. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
| | - Jacqueline V Shanks
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
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34
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Sasheva P, Ionkova I, Stoilova N. Methyl Jasmonate Induces Enhanced Podophyllotoxin Production in Cell Cultures of Thracian Flax (Linum thracicum ssp. thracicum). Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linum thracicum ssp. thracicum cell lines developed in this study are a feasible source for the sustainable production of podophyllotoxin, a lignan with an aryltetralin skeleton that is used for the manufacture of the chemotherapeutic drugs etopophos and teniposide. We used mass spectrometry to confirm the presence of the aryltetralin lignan in the thracian flax cell cultures. Next, we explored how changes in the culture medium influenced the podophyllotoxin content. Out of six developed cell lines, four were selected for further experiments and challenged with elicitors. The selected cell lines clustered into two groups: developed in full strength medium (Li) vs developed in half strength medium (HS). While podophyllotoxin production in the Li cell lines was boosted by 80% upon administration of the elicitor methyl jasmonate, the HS lines produced high amounts of the target metabolite triggered by reduced concentration of nutrients and were only slightly influenced by the elicitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Sasheva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Stoilova
- Central Laboratory of Veterinary Control and Ecology, Bulgarian Food Safety Agency, 1528 Sofia, Bulgaria
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35
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Och M, Och A, Cieśla Ł, Kubrak T, Pecio Ł, Stochmal A, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Study of cytotoxic activity, podophyllotoxin, and deoxypodophyllotoxin content in selected Juniperus species cultivated in Poland. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:831-837. [PMID: 25720974 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.943246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The demand for podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin is still increasing and commercially exploitable sources are few and one of them, Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (Berberidaceae), is a "critically endangered" species. OBJECTIVE The first aim was to quantify the amount of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin in 61 Juniperus (Cupressaceae) samples. Cytotoxic activity of podophyllotoxin and ethanolic leaf extracts of Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. "Blue Pacific" and Juniperus communis L. "Depressa Aurea" was examined against different leukemia cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was performed with the use of a Waters ACQUITY UPLC(TM) system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA). The peaks of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin were assigned on the basis of their retention data and mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Trypan blue assay was performed to obtain IC50 cytotoxicity values against selected leukemia cell lines. RESULTS Juniperus scopulorum was characterized with the highest level of podophyllotoxin (486.7 mg/100 g DW) while Juniperus davurica Pall. contained the highest amount of deoxypodophyllotoxin (726.8 mg/100 g DW). Podophyllotoxin IC50 cytotoxicity values against J45.01 and CEM/C1 leukemia cell lines were 0.0040 and 0.0286 µg/mL, respectively. Juniperus scopulorum extract examined against J45.01 and HL-60/MX2 leukemia cell lines gave the respective IC50 values: 0.369-9.225 µg/mL. Juniperus communis extract was characterized with the following IC50 cytotoxity values against J45.01 and U-266B1 cell lines: 3.310-24.825 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Juniperus sp. can be considered as an alternative source of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin. Cytotoxic activity of podophyllotoxin and selected leaf extracts of Juniperus sp. against a set of leukemia cell lines was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Och
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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36
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Essences in metabolic engineering of lignan biosynthesis. Metabolites 2015; 5:270-90. [PMID: 25946459 PMCID: PMC4495373 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are structurally and functionally diverse phytochemicals biosynthesized in diverse plant species and have received wide attentions as leading compounds of novel drugs for tumor treatment and healthy diets to reduce of the risks of lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases. However, the lineage-specific distribution and the low-amount of production in natural plants, some of which are endangered species, hinder the efficient and stable production of beneficial lignans. Accordingly, the development of new procedures for lignan production is of keen interest. Recent marked advances in the molecular and functional characterization of lignan biosynthetic enzymes and endogenous and exogenous factors for lignan biosynthesis have suggested new methods for the metabolic engineering of lignan biosynthesis cascades leading to the efficient, sustainable, and stable lignan production in plants, including plant cell/organ cultures. Optimization of light conditions, utilization of a wide range of elicitor treatments, and construction of transiently gene-transfected or transgenic lignan-biosynthesizing plants are mainly being attempted. This review will present the basic and latest knowledge regarding metabolic engineering of lignans based on their biosynthetic pathways and biological activities, and the perspectives in lignan production via metabolic engineering.
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Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:826-9. [PMID: 23569855 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7 and Vero cell. METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in by MTT assay. Cell morphological changes were observed by using light microscope. RESULTS The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7. Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure with Elaeis guineensis extract were observed under phase contrast microscope in the dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the probable use of the Elaeis guineensis methanol extract in preparing recipes for cancer-related ailments. Further studies on isolation of metabolites and their in vivo cytotoxicity are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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38
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Ghose K, McCallum J, Sweeney-Nixon M, Fofana B. Histidine 352 (His352) and tryptophan 355 (Trp355) are essential for flax UGT74S1 glucosylation activity toward secoisolariciresinol. PLoS One 2015; 10:e116248. [PMID: 25714779 PMCID: PMC4340967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) lignan is a natural phytoestrogen for which a positive role in metabolic diseases is emerging. Until recently however, much less was known about SDG and its monoglucoside (SMG) biosynthesis. Lately, flax UGT74S1 was identified and characterized as an enzyme sequentially glucosylating secoisolariciresinol (SECO) into SMG and SDG when expressed in yeast. However, the amino acids critical for UGT74S1 glucosyltransferase activity were unknown. A 3D structural modeling and docking, site-directed mutagenesis of five amino acids in the plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif, and enzyme assays were conducted. UGT74S1 appeared to be structurally similar to the Arabidopsis thaliana UGT72B1 model. The ligand docking predicted Ser357 and Trp355 as binding to the phosphate and hydroxyl groups of UDP-glucose, whereas Cys335, Gln337 and Trp355 were predicted to bind the 7-OH, 2-OCH3 and 17-OCH3 of SECO. Site-directed mutagenesis of Cys335, Gln337, His352, Trp355 and Ser357, and enzyme assays revealed an alteration of these binding sites and a significant reduction of UGT74S1 glucosyltransferase catalytic activity towards SECO and UDP-glucose in all mutants. A complete abolition of UGT74S1 activity was observed when Trp355 was substituted to Ala355 and Gly355 or when changing His352 to Asp352, and an altered metabolite profile was observed in Cys335Ala, Gln337Ala, and Ser357Ala mutants. This study provided for the first time evidence that Trp355 and His352 are critical for UGT74S1's glucosylation activity toward SECO and suggested the possibility for SMG production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Ghose
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4N6, Canada
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4N6, Canada
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Marva Sweeney-Nixon
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4N6, Canada
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
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Liu W, Yin D, Liu J, Li N. Genetic diversity and structure of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying in the Qinling Mountains, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110500. [PMID: 25333788 PMCID: PMC4198291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an important medicinal plant whose genetic diversity must be conserved because it is endangered. The Qinling Mts. are a S. hexandrum distribution area that has unique environmental features that highly affect the evolution of the species. To provide the reference data for evolutionary and conservation studies, the genetic diversity and population structure of S. hexandrum in its overall natural distribution areas in the Qinling Mts. were investigated through inter-simple sequence repeats analysis of 32 natural populations. The 11 selected primers generated a total of 135 polymorphic bands. S. hexandrum genetic diversity was low within populations (average He = 0.0621), but higher at the species level (He = 0.1434). Clear structure and high genetic differentiation among populations were detected by using the unweighted pair group method for arithmetic averages, principle coordinate analysis and Bayesian clustering. The clustering approaches supported a division of the 32 populations into three major groups, for which analysis of molecular variance confirmed significant variation (63.27%) among populations. The genetic differentiation may have been attributed to the limited gene flow (Nm = 0.3587) in the species. Isolation by distance among populations was determined by comparing genetic distance versus geographic distance by using the Mantel test. Result was insignificant (r = 0.212, P = 0.287) at 0.05, showing that their spatial pattern and geographic locations are not correlated. Given the low within-population genetic diversity, high differentiation among populations and the increasing anthropogenic pressure on the species, in situ conservation measures were recommended to preserve S. hexandrum in Qinling Mts., and other populations must be sampled to retain as much genetic diversity of the species to achieve ex situ preservation as a supplement to in situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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40
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Pohjoispää M, Mera-Adasme R, Sundholm D, Heikkinen S, Hase T, Wähälä K. Capricious Selectivity in Electrophilic Deuteration of Methylenedioxy Substituted Aromatic Compounds. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10636-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5019427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pohjoispää
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raúl Mera-Adasme
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Hase
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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41
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Kumari A, Singh HR, Jha A, Swarnkar MK, Shankar R, Kumar S. Transcriptome sequencing of rhizome tissue of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum at two temperatures. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:871. [PMID: 25287271 PMCID: PMC4200142 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an endangered medicinal herb, which is commonly present in elevations ranging between 2,400–4,500 m and is sensitive to temperature. Medicinal property of the species is attributed to the presence of podophyllotoxin in the rhizome tissue. The present work analyzed transcriptome of rhizome tissue of S. hexandrum exposed to 15°C and 25°C to understand the temperature mediated molecular responses including those associated with podophyllotoxin biosynthesis. Results Deep sequencing of transcriptome with an average coverage of 88.34X yielded 60,089 assembled transcript sequences representing 20,387 unique genes having homology to known genes. Fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped (FPKM) based expression analysis revealed genes related to growth and development were over-expressed at 15°C, whereas genes involved in stress response were over-expressed at 25°C. There was a decreasing trend of podophyllotoxin accumulation at 25°C; data was well supported by the expression of corresponding genes of the pathway. FPKM data was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data using a total of thirty four genes and a positive correlation between the two platforms of gene expression was obtained. Also, detailed analyses yielded cytochrome P450s, methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases which could be the potential candidate hitherto unidentified genes of podophyllotoxin biosynthesis pathway. Conclusions The present work revealed temperature responsive transcriptome of S. hexandrum on Illumina platform. Data suggested expression of genes for growth and development and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis at 15°C, and prevalence of those associated with stress response at 25°C. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-871) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Shankar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, PO Box No, 6, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Ghose K, Selvaraj K, McCallum J, Kirby CW, Sweeney-Nixon M, Cloutier SJ, Deyholos M, Datla R, Fofana B. Identification and functional characterization of a flax UDP-glycosyltransferase glucosylating secoisolariciresinol (SECO) into secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside (SMG) and diglucoside (SDG). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 24678929 PMCID: PMC3986616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignans are a class of diphenolic nonsteroidal phytoestrogens often found glycosylated in planta. Flax seeds are a rich source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) lignans. Glycosylation is a process by which a glycosyl group is covalently attached to an aglycone substrate and is catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Until now, very little information was available on UGT genes that may play a role in flax SDG biosynthesis. Here we report on the identification, structural and functional characterization of 5 putative UGTs potentially involved in secoisolariciresinol (SECO) glucosylation in flax. RESULTS Five UGT genes belonging to the glycosyltransferases' family 1 (EC 2.4.x.y) were cloned and characterized. They fall under four UGT families corresponding to five sub-families referred to as UGT74S1, UGT74T1, UGT89B3, UGT94H1, UGT712B1 that all display the characteristic plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) conserved motif. However, diversity was observed within this 44 amino acid sequence, especially in the two peptide sequences WAPQV and HCGWNS known to play a key role in the recognition and binding of diverse aglycone substrates and in the sugar donor specificity. In developing flax seeds, UGT74S1 and UGT94H1 showed a coordinated gene expression with that of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) and their gene expression patterns correlated with SDG biosynthesis. Enzyme assays of the five heterologously expressed UGTs identified UGT74S1 as the only one using SECO as substrate, forming SECO monoglucoside (SMG) and then SDG in a sequential manner. CONCLUSION We have cloned and characterized five flax UGTs and provided evidence that UGT74S1 uses SECO as substrate to form SDG in vitro. This study allowed us to propose a model for the missing step in SDG lignan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Ghose
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kumarakurubaran Selvaraj
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
| | - Chris W Kirby
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
| | - Marva Sweeney-Nixon
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Sylvie J Cloutier
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2 M9, Canada
| | - Michael Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0 W9, Canada
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4 N6, Canada
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Zhao C, Zhang N, He W, Li R, Shi D, Pang L, Dong N, Xu H, Ji H. Simultaneous determination of three major lignans in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration ofDiphylleia sinensisextract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:463-7. [PMID: 24122912 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Weiyan He
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Honglei Ji
- Department of Cardiology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
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44
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Ultrahigh pressure extraction of lignan compounds from Dysosma versipellis and purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Yousefzadi M, Sharifi M, Behmanesh M, Ghasempour A, Moyano E, Palazon J. The effect of light on gene expression and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Linum album cell culture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 56:41-6. [PMID: 22579943 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound isolated as an active anti-tumor agent. The stimulatory influence of light on the formation of phenolic compounds has been reported, but the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of light on the expression of genes involved in phenolic biosynthesis, especially of lignans, is still not fully understood. A series of experiments was carried out using ordinary fluorescent lamps to study the influence of light irradiation on growth and PTOX accumulation in Linum album cell cultures by varying the type of light and periods of exposure. The biosynthesis of PTOX was variably affected according to the quality of light. The enhancing effects of red light on PTOX production was correlated with increased activities of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the expression of some key genes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound, including the PAL gene itself and the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) gene. Blue light was found to have similar effects but mainly on the expression level of CCR and pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase (PLR) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefzadi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154 Tehran, Iran
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Liu PN, Siyang HX, Zhang L, Tse SKS, Jia G. RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 Catalyzed Selective Formation of 1,4-Disubstituted Triazoles from Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Organic Azides. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5844-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3008572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional
Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xiao Siyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional
Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sunny Kai San Tse
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S, Sharifi M, Behmanesh M, Safaie N, Murata J, Araki R, Yamagaki T, Satake H. Time-course changes in fungal elicitor-induced lignan synthesis and expression of the relevant genes in cell cultures of Linum album. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:487-491. [PMID: 22218086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Linum album has been shown to accumulate anti-tumor podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and its related lignans. In the present study, we examined the effects of five fungal extracts on the production of lignans in L. album cell cultures. Fusarium graminearum extract induced the highest increase of PTOX [140μgg(-1) dry weight (DW) of the L. album cell culture] which is seven-fold greater than the untreated control, while Rhizopus stolonifer extract enhanced the accumulation of lariciresinol, instead of PTOX, up to 365μgg(-1) DW, which was 8.8-fold greater than the control. Quantitative PCR analyses showed that expression of the enzyme genes responsible for the PTOX biosynthesis cascade, such as pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes, were also up-regulated in a fungal extract-selective fashion. These results provide evidence that the fungal extracts used in this study differentially increase the production of PTOX or larisiresinol via the up-regulation of the genes in lignan biosynthesis in L. album cell cultures, and suggest that such selective actions of fungal elicitors on the lignan synthesis will lead to more efficient metabolic engineering-based production of PTOX and other beneficial lignans using L. album cell cultures.
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Abrams JN, Zhao Q, Ghiviriga I, Minaruzzaman. Palladium(II)-catalyzed enyne cyclization strategies toward the podophyllotoxin ring system. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Growth, photosynthesis and podophyllotoxin accumulation of Dysosma versipellis in response to a light gradient and conservation implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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BiotecVisions, September 2010. Biotechnol J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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