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Jacquet E, Chuffart F, Vitte AL, Nika E, Mousseau M, Khochbin S, Rousseaux S, Bourova-Flin E. Aberrant activation of five embryonic stem cell-specific genes robustly predicts a high risk of relapse in breast cancers. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:463. [PMID: 37592220 PMCID: PMC10436393 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In breast cancer, as in all cancers, genetic and epigenetic deregulations can result in out-of-context expressions of a set of normally silent tissue-specific genes. The activation of some of these genes in various cancers empowers tumours cells with new properties and drives enhanced proliferation and metastatic activity, leading to a poor survival prognosis. RESULTS In this work, we undertook an unprecedented systematic and unbiased analysis of out-of-context activations of a specific set of tissue-specific genes from testis, placenta and embryonic stem cells, not expressed in normal breast tissue as a source of novel prognostic biomarkers. To this end, we combined a strict machine learning framework of transcriptomic data analysis, and successfully created a new robust tool, validated in several independent datasets, which is able to identify patients with a high risk of relapse. This unbiased approach allowed us to identify a panel of five biomarkers, DNMT3B, EXO1, MCM10, CENPF and CENPE, that are robustly and significantly associated with disease-free survival prognosis in breast cancer. Based on these findings, we created a new Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) that stratifies patients. Additionally, thanks to the identified GEC, we were able to paint the specific molecular portraits of the particularly aggressive tumours, which show characteristics of male germ cells, with a particular metabolic gene signature, associated with an enrichment in pro-metastatic and pro-proliferation gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The GEC classifier is able to reliably identify patients with a high risk of relapse at early stages of the disease. We especially recommend to use the GEC tool for patients with the luminal-A molecular subtype of breast cancer, generally considered of a favourable disease-free survival prognosis, to detect the fraction of patients undergoing a high risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Jacquet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Medical Oncology Unit, Cancer and Blood Diseases Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vitte
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Eleni Nika
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | - Mireille Mousseau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Medical Oncology Unit, Cancer and Blood Diseases Department, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1039, Bioclinical Radiopharmaceuticals, Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, EpiMed, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Liu Z, Yan W, Liu S, Liu Z, Xu P, Fang W. Regulatory network and targeted interventions for CCDC family in tumor pathogenesis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216225. [PMID: 37182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CCDC (coiled-coil domain-containing) is a coiled helix domain that exists in natural proteins. There are about 180 CCDC family genes, encoding proteins that are involved in intercellular transmembrane signal transduction and genetic signal transcription, among other functions. Alterations in expression, mutation, and DNA promoter methylation of CCDC family genes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including primary ciliary dyskinesia, infertility, and tumors. In recent studies, CCDC family genes have been found to be involved in regulation of growth, invasion, metastasis, chemosensitivity, and other biological behaviors of malignant tumor cells in various cancer types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. In this review, we summarize the involvement of CCDC family genes in tumor pathogenesis and the relevant upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the potential of CCDC family genes as tumor therapy targets. The findings discussed here help us to further understand the role and the therapeutic applications of CCDC family genes in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, 337000, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410002, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China; Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518034, China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Li J, Qi C, Li Q, Liu F. Construction and validation of an aging-related gene signature for prognosis prediction of patients with breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1741. [PMID: 36323529 PMCID: PMC10026283 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is an aging-related disease. Aging-related genes (ARGs) participate in the initiation and development of lung and colon cancer, but the prognosis signature of ARGs in BC has not been clearly studied. AIMS This study aimed to construct an ARGs signature to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. METHOD Firstly, the expression data of ARGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were collected. Then COX and least absolulute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) were performed to construct the ARGs prognostic signature. The correlation between the signature and immune cell infiltration, immunotherapeutic response and drug sensitivity were subsequently analysed. The TCGA nomogram was constructed by combining the signature with other clinical features, and was validated by using GEO database. RESULTS After LASSO and COX regression analyses, a prognostic signature based on nine ARGs, namely, HSP90AA1, NFKB2, PLAU, PTK2, RECQL4, CLU, JAK2, MAP3K5, and S100B, was built by using the TCGA dataset. Moreover, this risk signature is closely related to immune cell infiltration, immunotherapeutic response, and responses to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Subsequently, The calibration curve demonstrates that the nomogram agrees well with practical prediction results. The receiver operating characteristic curve and decision-making curve analysis demonstrate that ARG signature has the better prognosis diagnosis ability and clinical net benefits. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the proposed ARG prognosis signature is a new prognosis molecular marker of patients with BC, and it can provide good references to individual clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an City, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, China
| | - Chunling Qi
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an City, China
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4
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Stamatiou K, Chmielewska A, Ohta S, Earnshaw WC, Vagnarelli P. CCDC86 is a novel Ki-67-interacting protein important for cell division. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286751. [PMID: 36695333 PMCID: PMC10022746 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome periphery is a network of proteins and RNAs that coats the outer surface of mitotic chromosomes. Despite the identification of new components, the functions of this complex compartment are poorly characterised. In this study, we identified a novel chromosome periphery-associated protein, CCDC86 (also known as cyclon). Using a combination of RNA interference, microscopy and biochemistry, we studied the functions of CCDC86 in mitosis. CCDC86 depletion resulted in partial disorganisation of the chromosome periphery with alterations in the localisation of Ki-67 (also known as MKI67) and nucleolin (NCL), and the formation of abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates. Furthermore, CCDC86-depleted cells displayed errors in chromosome alignment, altered spindle length and increased apoptosis. These results suggest that, within the chromosome periphery, different subcomplexes that include CCDC86, nucleolin and B23 (nucleophosmin or NPM1) are required for mitotic spindle regulation and correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments, thus contributing to chromosome segregation in mitosis. Moreover, we identified CCDC86 as a MYCN-regulated gene, the expression levels of which represent a powerful marker for prognostic outcomes in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatiou
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Aldona Chmielewska
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Shinya Ohta
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
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5
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Peng LJ, Zhou YB, Geng M, Bourova-Flin E, Chuffart F, Zhang WN, Wang T, Gao MQ, Xi MP, Cheng ZY, Zhang JJ, Liu YF, Chen B, Khochbin S, Wang J, Rousseaux S, Mi JQ. Ectopic expression of a combination of 5 genes detects high risk forms of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:467. [PMID: 35751016 PMCID: PMC9233359 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) defines a group of hematological malignancies with heterogeneous aggressiveness and highly variable outcome, making therapeutic decisions a challenging task. We tried to discover new predictive model for T-ALL before treatment by using a specific pipeline designed to discover aberrantly active gene. RESULTS The expression of 18 genes was significantly associated with shorter survival, including ACTRT2, GOT1L1, SPATA45, TOPAZ1 and ZPBP (5-GEC), which were used as a basis to design a prognostic classifier for T-ALL patients. The molecular characterization of the 5-GEC positive T-ALL unveiled specific characteristics inherent to the most aggressive T leukemic cells, including a drastic shut-down of genes located on the mitochondrial genome and an upregulation of histone genes, the latter characterizing high risk forms in adult patients. These cases fail to respond to the induction treatment, since 5-GEC either predicted positive minimal residual disease (MRD) or a short-term relapse in MRD negative patients. CONCLUSION Overall, our investigations led to the discovery of a homogenous group of leukemic cells with profound alterations of their biology. It also resulted in an accurate predictive tool that could significantly improve the management of T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Bo Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Geng
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,UMR 5309, CNRSINSERM U1209Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,UMR 5309, CNRSINSERM U1209Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Wei-Na Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Qing Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ping Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,UMR 5309, CNRSINSERM U1209Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France.
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,UMR 5309, CNRSINSERM U1209Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France.
| | - Jian-Qing Mi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant Et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Lemelle L, Moya-Plana A, Dumont B, Fresneau B, Laprie A, Claude L, Deneuve S, Cordero C, Pierron G, Couloigner V, Bernard S, Cardoen L, Brisse HJ, Jehanno N, Metayer L, Fréneaux P, Helfre S, Kolb F, Thariat J, Réguerre Y, Orbach D. NUT carcinoma in children, adolescents and young adults. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:491-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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CYCLON and NPM1 Cooperate within an Oncogenic Network Predictive of R-CHOP Response in DLBCL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235900. [PMID: 34885010 PMCID: PMC8656558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CYCLON is a nuclear protein, which has been associated with disease progression and treatment resistance in DLBCL, the most common form of aggressive B-cell lymphoma, but also represents a predictive factor of refractory disease and relapse for immuno-chemotherapy-treated DLBCL patients. The molecular mechanisms related to this unstructured protein remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we performed a mass-spectrometry-based identification of the CYCLON protein interactome that suggested it could exert nucleolar functions related to cell proliferation. Among the CYCLON oncogenic network, we performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of the multi-functional nucleolar protein NPM1 in a DLBCL cohort and showed that CYCLON/NPM1 concomitant expression delineates a poor prognosis subgroup of patients. Multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that specific sub-cellular localizations of CYCLON and NPM1 represent independent novel predictors specifically associated with refractory DLBCL. Abstract R-CHOP immuno-chemotherapy significantly improved clinical management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, 30–40% of DLBCL patients still present a refractory disease or relapse. Most of the prognostic markers identified to date fail to accurately stratify high-risk DLBCL patients. We have previously shown that the nuclear protein CYCLON is associated with DLBCL disease progression and resistance to anti-CD20 immunotherapy in preclinical models. We also recently reported that it also represents a potent predictor of refractory disease and relapse in a retrospective DLBCL cohort. However, only sparse data are available to predict the potential biological role of CYCLON and how it might exert its adverse effects on lymphoma cells. Here, we characterized the protein interaction network of CYCLON, connecting this protein to the nucleolus, RNA processing, MYC signaling and cell cycle progression. Among this network, NPM1, a nucleolar multi-functional protein frequently deregulated in cancer, emerged as another potential target related to treatment resistance in DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry evaluation of CYCLON and NPM1 revealed that their co-expression is strongly related to inferior prognosis in DLBCL. More specifically, alternative sub-cellular localizations of the proteins (extra-nucleolar CYCLON and pan-cellular NPM1) represent independent predictive factors specifically associated to R-CHOP refractory DLBCL patients, which could allow them to be orientated towards risk-adapted or novel targeted therapies.
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8
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BET Proteins as Attractive Targets for Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011102. [PMID: 34681760 PMCID: PMC8538173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer and can be an essential driver of cancer initiation and progression. Loss of transcriptional control can cause cancer cells to become dependent on certain regulators of gene expression. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in carcinogenesis. BET inhibitors (BETis) disrupt BET protein binding to acetylated lysine residues of chromatin and suppress the transcription of various genes, including oncogenic transcription factors. Phase I and II clinical trials demonstrated BETis’ potential as anticancer drugs against solid tumours and haematological malignancies; however, their clinical success was limited as monotherapies. Emerging treatment-associated toxicities, drug resistance and a lack of predictive biomarkers limited BETis’ clinical progress. The preclinical evaluation demonstrated that BETis synergised with different classes of compounds, including DNA repair inhibitors, thus supporting further clinical development of BETis. The combination of BET and PARP inhibitors triggered synthetic lethality in cells with proficient homologous recombination. Mechanistic studies revealed that BETis targeted multiple essential homologous recombination pathway proteins, including RAD51, BRCA1 and CtIP. The exact mechanism of BETis’ anticancer action remains poorly understood; nevertheless, these agents provide a novel approach to epigenome and transcriptome anticancer therapy.
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9
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Bourova-Flin E, Derakhshan S, Goudarzi A, Wang T, Vitte AL, Chuffart F, Khochbin S, Rousseaux S, Aminishakib P. The combined detection of Amphiregulin, Cyclin A1 and DDX20/Gemin3 expression predicts aggressive forms of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1122-1134. [PMID: 34290392 PMCID: PMC8505643 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale genetic and epigenetic deregulations enable cancer cells to ectopically activate tissue-specific expression programmes. A specifically designed strategy was applied to oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in order to detect ectopic gene activations and develop a prognostic stratification test. Methods A dedicated original prognosis biomarker discovery approach was implemented using genome-wide transcriptomic data of OSCC, including training and validation cohorts. Abnormal expressions of silent genes were systematically detected, correlated with survival probabilities and evaluated as predictive biomarkers. The resulting stratification test was confirmed in an independent cohort using immunohistochemistry. Results A specific gene expression signature, including a combination of three genes, AREG, CCNA1 and DDX20, was found associated with high-risk OSCC in univariate and multivariate analyses. It was translated into an immunohistochemistry-based test, which successfully stratified patients of our own independent cohort. Discussion The exploration of the whole gene expression profile characterising aggressive OSCC tumours highlights their enhanced proliferative and poorly differentiated intrinsic nature. Experimental targeting of CCNA1 in OSCC cells is associated with a shift of transcriptomic signature towards the less aggressive form of OSCC, suggesting that CCNA1 could be a good target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Samira Derakhshan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tao Wang
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vitte
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/University Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, La Tronche, France.
| | - Pouyan Aminishakib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cancer Institute Hospital, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Gao M, Wang J, Rousseaux S, Tan M, Pan L, Peng L, Wang S, Xu W, Ren J, Liu Y, Spinck M, Barral S, Wang T, Chuffart F, Bourova-Flin E, Puthier D, Curtet S, Bargier L, Cheng Z, Neumann H, Li J, Zhao Y, Mi JQ, Khochbin S. Metabolically controlled histone H4K5 acylation/acetylation ratio drives BRD4 genomic distribution. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109460. [PMID: 34320364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to acetylation, histones are modified by a series of competing longer-chain acylations. Most of these acylation marks are enriched and co-exist with acetylation on active gene regulatory elements. Their seemingly redundant functions hinder our understanding of histone acylations' specific roles. Here, by using an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell model and blasts from individuals with B-precusor ALL (B-ALL), we demonstrate a role of mitochondrial activity in controlling the histone acylation/acetylation ratio, especially at histone H4 lysine 5 (H4K5). An increase in the ratio of non-acetyl acylations (crotonylation or butyrylation) over acetylation on H4K5 weakens bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) bromodomain-dependent chromatin interaction and enhances BRD4 nuclear mobility and availability for binding transcription start site regions of active genes. Our data suggest that the metabolism-driven control of the histone acetylation/longer-chain acylation(s) ratio could be a common mechanism regulating the bromodomain factors' functional genomic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Spinck
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sophie Barral
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Florent Chuffart
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, TAGC, TGML, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Curtet
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Bargier
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, TAGC, TGML, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou), 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Heinz Neumann
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Mi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble-Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38706 La Tronche, France; Pôle Franco-Chinois de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, 200025 Shanghai, China.
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11
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Extranucleolar CYCLON Staining Pattern Is Strongly Associated to Relapse/Refractory Disease in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e598. [PMID: 34131636 PMCID: PMC8196088 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Spriano F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Targeting BET bromodomain proteins in cancer: The example of lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107631. [PMID: 32693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family proteins act as "readers" of acetylated histones and they are important transcription regulators. BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, part of the BET family, are important in different tumors, where upregulation or translocation often occurs. The potential of targeting BET proteins as anti-cancer treatment originated with data obtained with a first series of compounds, and there are now several data supporting BET inhibition in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Despite very positive preclinical data in different tumor types, the clinical results have been so far moderate. Using lymphoma as an example to review the data produced in the laboratory and in the context of the early clinical trials, we discuss the modalities to make BET targeting more efficient both generating novel generation of compounds and by exploring the combination with small molecules affecting various signaling pathways, BCL2, or DNA damage response signaling, but also with additional epigenetic agents and with immunotherapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance and the toxicity profiles so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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13
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Zhang T, Li N, Sun C, Jin Y, Sheng X. MYC and the unfolded protein response in cancer: synthetic lethal partners in crime? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11845. [PMID: 32310340 PMCID: PMC7207169 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors of the MYC family play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers. High oncogenic level of MYC invades low‐affinity sites and enhancer sequences, which subsequently alters the transcriptome, causes metabolic imbalance, and induces stress response. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) not only plays a central role in maintaining proteostasis, but also contributes to other key biological processes, including Ca2+ metabolism and the synthesis of lipids and glucose. Stress conditions, such as shortage in glucose or oxygen and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, may perturb proteostasis and induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), which either restores homeostasis or triggers cell death. Crucial roles of ER stress and UPR signaling have been implicated in various cancers, from oncogenesis to treatment response. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the interaction between MYC and UPR signaling, and its contribution to cancer development. We also discuss the potential of targeting key UPR signaling nodes as novel synthetic lethal strategies in MYC‐driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xia Sheng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Iveland TS, Hagen L, Sharma A, Sousa MML, Sarno A, Wollen KL, Liabakk NB, Slupphaug G. HDACi mediate UNG2 depletion, dysregulated genomic uracil and altered expression of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors in B- and T-cell lines. J Transl Med 2020; 18:159. [PMID: 32264925 PMCID: PMC7137348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) belong to a new group of chemotherapeutics that are increasingly used in the treatment of lymphocyte-derived malignancies, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we aimed to identify novel protein targets of HDACi in B- and T-lymphoma cell lines and to verify selected candidates across several mammalian cell lines. METHODS Jurkat T- and SUDHL5 B-lymphocytes were treated with the HDACi SAHA (vorinostat) prior to SILAC-based quantitative proteome analysis. Selected differentially expressed proteins were verified by targeted mass spectrometry, RT-PCR and western analysis in multiple mammalian cell lines. Genomic uracil was quantified by LC-MS/MS, cell cycle distribution analyzed by flow cytometry and class switch recombination monitored by FACS in murine CH12F3 cells. RESULTS SAHA treatment resulted in differential expression of 125 and 89 proteins in Jurkat and SUDHL5, respectively, of which 19 were commonly affected. Among these were several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi. Several key enzymes determining the cellular dUTP/dTTP ratio were downregulated and in both cell lines we found robust depletion of UNG2, the major glycosylase in genomic uracil sanitation. UNG2 depletion was accompanied by hyperacetylation and mediated by increased proteasomal degradation independent of cell cycle stage. UNG2 degradation appeared to be ubiquitous and was observed across several mammalian cell lines of different origin and with several HDACis. Loss of UNG2 was accompanied by 30-40% increase in genomic uracil in freely cycling HEK cells and reduced immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in murine CH12F3 cells. CONCLUSION We describe several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi in previous transcriptome analyses, underscoring the importance of proteome analysis to identify cellular effectors of HDACi treatment. The apparently ubiquitous depletion of UNG2 and PCLAF establishes DNA base excision repair and translesion synthesis as novel pathways affected by HDACi treatment. Dysregulated genomic uracil homeostasis may aid interpretation of HDACi effects in cancer cells and further advance studies on this class of inhibitors in the treatment of APOBEC-expressing tumors, autoimmune disease and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S Iveland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Lied Wollen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Beate Liabakk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway.
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15
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Wingelhofer B, Somervaille TCP. Emerging Epigenetic Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:850. [PMID: 31552175 PMCID: PMC6743337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy for which treatment options have been largely limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy for the past four decades. Next-generation sequencing and other approaches have identified a spectrum of genomic and epigenomic alterations that contribute to AML initiation and maintenance. The key role of epigenetic modifiers and the reversibility of epigenetic changes have paved the way for evaluation of a new set of drug targets, and facilitated the design of novel candidate treatment strategies. More recently, seven new targeted therapies have been FDA-approved demonstrating successful implementation of the past decades' research. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances in targeted therapeutics designed for a focused group of key epigenetic regulators in AML, outline their mechanism of action and their current status in clinical development. Furthermore, we will discuss promising new approaches for epigenetic targeted treatment in AML which are currently being tested in pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim C. P. Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Rousseaux S, Bourova-Flin E, Chuffart F, Khochbin S. [Regulators of the male epigenome: Markers and potential targets for anticancer therapy]. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:836-838. [PMID: 31451187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rousseaux
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309, U1209, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309, U1209, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309, U1209, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309, U1209, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France.
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17
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Jia Y, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Super-enhancers: critical roles and therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:77. [PMID: 31311566 PMCID: PMC6636097 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) in a broad range of human cell types are large clusters of enhancers with aberrant high levels of transcription factor binding, which are central to drive expression of genes in controlling cell identity and stimulating oncogenic transcription. Cancer cells acquire super-enhancers at oncogene and cancerous phenotype relies on these abnormal transcription propelled by SEs. Furthermore, specific inhibitors targeting SEs assembly and activation have offered potential targets for treating various tumors including hematological malignancies. Here, we first review the identification, functional significance of SEs. Next, we summarize recent findings of SEs and SE-driven gene regulation in normal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. The importance and various modes of SE-mediated MYC oncogene amplification are illustrated. Finally, we highlight the progress of SEs as selective therapeutic targets in basic research and clinical trials. Some open questions regarding functional significance and future directions of targeting SEs in the clinic will be discussed too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
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18
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Zhang J, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Cancer Immunotherapy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:351. [PMID: 30250823 PMCID: PMC6140403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy in the past few years. Immunotherapy has become a standard treatment option for patients with various cancers, including melanoma, lymphoma, and carcinomas of the lungs, kidneys, bladder, and head and neck. Promising immunotherapy approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and therapeutic blockade of immune checkpoints, in particular cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1), have boosted the development of new therapeutic regimens for patients with cancer. Immunotherapeutic strategies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) include monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab), monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibodies (avelumab, durvalumab, and atezolizumab) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. In this review, we outline the latest highlights and progress in using immunotherapy to treat patients with DLBCL, with a focus on the therapeutic blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and CAR T cell therapy in DLBCL. We also discuss current clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 and CAR T cell therapy and review the challenges and opportunities of using immunotherapy for the treatment of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Zhou Y, Zhou J, Lu X, Tan TZ, Chng WJ. BET Bromodomain inhibition promotes De-repression of TXNIP and activation of ASK1-MAPK pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:731. [PMID: 29996811 PMCID: PMC6042241 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy has always been the focus in developing therapeutic approaches in cancer, especially in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A new small molecular inhibitor, JQ1, targeting BRD4, which recognizes the acetylated lysine residues, has been shown to induce cell cycle arrest in different cancers by inhibiting MYC oncogene. However, the downstream signaling of MYC inhibition induced by BET inhibitor is not well understood. Methods In this study, we explored the more mechanisms of JQ1-induced cell death in acute myeloid lukemia and downstream signaling of JQ1. Results We found that JQ1 is able to reactivate the tumor suppressor gene, TXNIP, and induces apoptosis through the ASK1-MAPK pathway. Further studies confirmed that MYC could repress the expression of TXNIP through the miR-17-92 cluster. Conclusions These findings provide novel insight on how BET inhibitor can induce apoptosis in AML, and further support the development of BET inhibitors as a promising therapeutic strategy against AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4661-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiao Lu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tuan-Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
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20
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Gaudio E, Tarantelli C, Ponzoni M, Odore E, Rezai K, Bernasconi E, Cascione L, Rinaldi A, Stathis A, Riveiro E, Cvitkovic E, Zucca E, Bertoni F. Bromodomain inhibitor OTX015 (MK-8628) combined with targeted agents shows strong in vivo antitumor activity in lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58142-58147. [PMID: 27494885 PMCID: PMC5295419 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain inhibitor OTX015 (MK-8628) has shown anti-lymphoma activity as a single agent in both the preclinical and clinical settings, as well as in vitro synergism with several anticancer agents. Here, we report in vivo data for OTX015 in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat, the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in a diffuse large B cell lymphoma model. The antitumor effect of OTX015-containing combinations in SU-DHL-2 xenografts in mice was much stronger than the activity of the corresponding single agents with almost complete tumor eradication for all four combinations. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed similar OTX015 levels in plasma and tumor samples of approximately 1.5 μM, which is equivalent to the concentration showing strong in vitro activity. For all four combinations, mean terminal levels of the bromodomain inhibitor differed from those in mice exposed to single agent OTX015, indicating a need for thorough pharmacokinetic investigations in phase I combination studies. In conclusion, our results provide a strong rationale to explore OTX015-containing combinations in the clinical lymphoma setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gaudio
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Odore
- Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Elena Bernasconi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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21
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Pham HT, Mesplède T. The latest evidence for possible HIV-1 curative strategies. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212522. [PMID: 29497452 PMCID: PMC5824924 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains a major health issue worldwide. In developed countries, antiretroviral therapy has extended its reach from treatment of people living with HIV-1 to post-exposure prophylaxis, treatment as prevention, and, more recently, pre-exposure prophylaxis. These healthcare strategies offer the epidemiological tools to curve the epidemic in rich settings and will be concomitantly implemented in developing countries. One of the remaining challenges is to identify an efficacious curative strategy. This review manuscript will focus on some of the current curative strategies aiming at providing a sterilizing or functional cure to HIV-1-positive individuals. These include the following: early treatment initiation in post-treatment controllers as a long-term HIV-1 remission strategy, latency reversal, gene editing with or without stem cell transplantation, and antibodies against either the viral envelope protein or the host integrin α4β7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Pham
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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22
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Hajmirza A, Emadali A, Gauthier A, Casasnovas O, Gressin R, Callanan MB. BET Family Protein BRD4: An Emerging Actor in NFκB Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010016. [PMID: 29415456 PMCID: PMC5874673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NFκB (Nuclear Factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling elicits global transcriptional changes by activating cognate promoters and through genome-wide remodeling of cognate regulatory elements called “super enhancers”. BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain) protein family inhibitor studies have implicated BET protein member BRD4 and possibly other BET proteins in NFκB-dependent promoter and super-enhancer modulation. Members of the BET protein family are known to bind acetylated chromatin to facilitate access by transcriptional regulators to chromatin, as well as to assist the activity of transcription elongation complexes via CDK9/pTEFb. BET family member BRD4 has been shown to bind non-histone proteins and modulate their activity. One such protein is RELA, the NFκB co-activator. Specifically, BRD4 binds acetylated RELA, which increases its transcriptional transactivation activity and stability in the nucleus. In aggregate, this establishes an intimate link between NFκB and BET signaling, at least via BRD4. The present review provides a brief overview of the structure and function of BET family proteins and then examines the connections between NFκB and BRD4 signaling, using the inflammatory response and cancer cell signaling as study models. We also discuss the potential of BET inhibitors for relief of aberrant NFκB signaling in cancer, focusing on non-histone, acetyl-lysine binding functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hajmirza
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Anouk Emadali
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
- Pôle Recherche, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Arnaud Gauthier
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Dijon University Hospital, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Rémy Gressin
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Mary B Callanan
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
- Centre for Innovation in Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Dijon University Hospital, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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23
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Schrader A, Meyer K, Walther N, Stolz A, Feist M, Hand E, von Bonin F, Evers M, Kohler C, Shirneshan K, Vockerodt M, Klapper W, Szczepanowski M, Murray PG, Bastians H, Trümper L, Spang R, Kube D. Identification of a new gene regulatory circuit involving B cell receptor activated signaling using a combined analysis of experimental, clinical and global gene expression data. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47061-47081. [PMID: 27166259 PMCID: PMC5216924 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new regulatory pathways in B lymphoma cells, we performed a combined analysis of experimental, clinical and global gene expression data. We identified a specific cluster of genes that was coherently expressed in primary lymphoma samples and suppressed by activation of the B cell receptor (BCR) through αIgM treatment of lymphoma cells in vitro. This gene cluster, which we called BCR.1, includes numerous cell cycle regulators. A reduced expression of BCR.1 genes after BCR activation was observed in different cell lines and also in CD10+ germinal center B cells. We found that BCR activation led to a delayed entry to and progression of mitosis and defects in metaphase. Cytogenetic changes were detected upon long-term αIgM treatment. Furthermore, an inverse correlation of BCR.1 genes with c-Myc co-regulated genes in distinct groups of lymphoma patients was observed. Finally, we showed that the BCR.1 index discriminates activated B cell-like and germinal centre B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma supporting the functional relevance of this new regulatory circuit and the power of guided clustering for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schrader
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,GRK1034 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany
| | - Neele Walther
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ailine Stolz
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and University Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maren Feist
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hand
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maurits Evers
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany.,Current address: The John Curtin School of Medical Research the Australian National University Canberra, Australia
| | - Christian Kohler
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany
| | - Katayoon Shirneshan
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Vockerodt
- Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Anatomy, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Department of Anatomy, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany.,University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Monika Szczepanowski
- Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany.,University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul G Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Holger Bastians
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and University Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,GRK1034 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre of the Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,GRK1034 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Network Molecular Mechanism of Malignant Lymphoma (MMML) of the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Germany.,BMBF-Network HämatoSys, Germany.,BMBF-Network Myc-Sys, Germany
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24
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Antimyeloma activity of bromodomain inhibitors on the human myeloma cell line U266 by downregulation of MYCL. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:756-65. [PMID: 27276402 PMCID: PMC4969056 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Bromodomain and extraterminal protein (BET) inhibitors suppress the expression of c-MYC. U266, a human myeloma cell line, expresses the MYCL gene, but not the c-MYC gene. Our aim was to analyse the antimyeloma activity of BET inhibitors on U266 cells. Two BET inhibitors, I-BET151 and JQ1, were tested. U266 cell proliferation decreased to 61.5 and 54.0% of the control after incubation with 500 nmol/l I-BET151 for 72 and 96 h and to 53.5 and 56.4% of control after incubation with 500 nmol/l JQ1 for 72 and 96 h by MTS tetrazolium, respectively. BET inhibitors induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in U266 cells, but did not induce apoptosis by flow cytometry. According to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, MYC-related genes were significantly downregulated in U266 cells treated with I-BET151 similar to KMS11 cells that expressed c-MYC. The MYCL1 was expressed in U266 cells, whereas c-MYC and MYCN were not by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR. Incubation with I-BET151 induced downregulation of MYCL1 in U266 cells. BET inhibitors decreased the cell proliferation in U266 cells with overexpression of MYCL less than those without overexpression of MYCL. BET inhibitors induce G1 arrest without apoptosis and interfere with the proliferation of U266 myeloma cells, which express MYCL, but not c-MYC. BET inhibitors might be active in cancers that express MYCL, but not c-MYC.
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25
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Stathis A, Bertoni F. BET Proteins as Targets for Anticancer Treatment. Cancer Discov 2017; 8:24-36. [PMID: 29263030 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Istituto Oncologico di Ricerca, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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26
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Zhu XH, Li QG, Wang J, Hu GZ, Liu ZQ, Hu QH, Wu G. [Mechanism of action of BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in treating airway remodeling in asthmatic mice]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:1278-1284. [PMID: 29237530 PMCID: PMC7389801 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism of action of BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in treating airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. METHODS A total of 24 mice were randomly divided into control group, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma group (OVA group), and JQ1 intervention group (JQ1+OVA group), with 8 mice in each group. OVA sensitization/challenge was performed to establish a mouse model of asthma. At 1 hour before challenge, the mice in the JQ1+OVA group were given intraperitoneal injection of JQ1 solution (50 μg/g). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hours after the last challenge, and the total number of cells and percentage of eosinophils in BALF were calculated. Pathological staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in lung tissue. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and vimentin during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the OVA group had marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway, thickening of the airway wall, increased secretion of mucus, and increases in the total number of cells and percentage of eosinophils in BALF (P<0.01). Compared with the OVA group, the JQ1+OVA group had significantly alleviated airway inflammatory response and significant reductions in the total number of cells and percentage of eosinophils in BALF (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the OVA group had significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of vimentin (P<0.01); compared with the OVA group, the JQ1+OVA group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of vimentin (P<0.01); there were no significant differences in these indices between the JQ1+OVA group and the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mice with OVA-induced asthma have airway remodeling during EMT. BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 can reduce airway inflammation, inhibit EMT, and alleviate airway remodeling, which provides a new direction for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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27
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Targeting the cancer epigenome: synergistic therapy with bromodomain inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:76-89. [PMID: 28943305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic and genomic alterations regulate the transcriptional landscape of cells during cancer onset and progression. Recent clinical studies targeting the epigenetic 'readers' (bromodomains) for cancer therapy have established the effectiveness of bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors in treating several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss key mechanisms of BET inhibition and synergistic combinations of BET inhibitors with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), kinase, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and proteosome inhibitors, and immunomodulatory drugs for cancer therapy. We also highlight the potential of such combinations to overcome drug resistance, and the evolving approaches to developing novel BET inhibitors.
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28
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Muralidharan SV, Einarsdottir BO, Bhadury J, Lindberg MF, Wu J, Campeau E, Bagge RO, Stierner U, Ny L, Nilsson LM, Nilsson JA. BET bromodomain inhibitors synergize with ATR inhibitors in melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2982. [PMID: 28796244 PMCID: PMC5596569 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma continues to be a challenging disease despite clinical translation of the comprehensive understanding of driver mutations and how melanoma cells evade immune attack. In Myc-driven lymphoma, efficacy of epigenetic inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomain proteins can be enhanced by combination therapy with inhibitors of the DNA damage response kinase ATR. Whether this combination is active in solid malignancies like melanoma, and how it relates to immune therapy, has not previously investigated. To test efficacy and molecular consequences of combination therapies cultured melanoma cells were used. To assess tumor responses to therapies in vivo we use patient-derived xenografts and B6 mice transplanted with B16F10 melanoma cells. Concomitant inhibition of BET proteins and ATR of cultured melanoma cells resulted in similar effects as recently shown in lymphoma, such as induction of apoptosis and p62, implicated in autophagy, senescence-associated secretory pathway and ER stress. In vivo, apoptosis and suppression of subcutaneous growth of patient-derived melanoma and B16F10 cells were observed. Our data suggest that ATRI/BETI combination therapies are effective in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joydeep Bhadury
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery or University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Institute of Medical Science, Division of Stem Cell Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mattias F Lindberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery or University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jin Wu
- Zenith Epigenetics Ltd, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery or University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Stierner
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Ny
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery or University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery or University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Goudarzi A, Zhang D, Huang H, Barral S, Kwon OK, Qi S, Tang Z, Buchou T, Vitte AL, He T, Cheng Z, Montellier E, Gaucher J, Curtet S, Debernardi A, Charbonnier G, Puthier D, Petosa C, Panne D, Rousseaux S, Roeder RG, Zhao Y, Khochbin S. Dynamic Competing Histone H4 K5K8 Acetylation and Butyrylation Are Hallmarks of Highly Active Gene Promoters. Mol Cell 2017; 62:169-180. [PMID: 27105113 PMCID: PMC4850424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently discovered histone lysine acylation marks increase the functional diversity of nucleosomes well beyond acetylation. Here, we focus on histone butyrylation in the context of sperm cell differentiation. Specifically, we investigate the butyrylation of histone H4 lysine 5 and 8 at gene promoters where acetylation guides the binding of Brdt, a bromodomain-containing protein, thereby mediating stage-specific gene expression programs and post-meiotic chromatin reorganization. Genome-wide mapping data show that highly active Brdt-bound gene promoters systematically harbor competing histone acetylation and butyrylation marks at H4 K5 and H4 K8. Despite acting as a direct stimulator of transcription, histone butyrylation competes with acetylation, especially at H4 K5, to prevent Brdt binding. Additionally, H4 K5K8 butyrylation also marks retarded histone removal during late spermatogenesis. Hence, alternating H4 acetylation and butyrylation, while sustaining direct gene activation and dynamic bromodomain binding, could impact the final male epigenome features. Active gene TSSs are marked by competing H4 K5K8 acetylation and butyrylation Histone butyrylation directly stimulates transcription H4K5 butyrylation prevents binding of the testis specific gene expression-driver Brdt H4K5K8 butyrylation is associated with delayed histone removal in spermatogenic cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Di Zhang
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - He Huang
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sophie Barral
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shankang Qi
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhanyun Tang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thierry Buchou
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vitte
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Tieming He
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Emilie Montellier
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Gaucher
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France; EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Curtet
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Debernardi
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- TAGC, UMR, S 1090 INSERM Aix-Marseille Université, U928 Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 928 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- TAGC, UMR, S 1090 INSERM Aix-Marseille Université, U928 Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 928 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Carlo Petosa
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CEA/CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Panne
- EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700 Grenoble, France.
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30
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Bernasconi E, Gaudio E, Lejeune P, Tarantelli C, Cascione L, Kwee I, Spriano F, Rinaldi A, Mensah AA, Chung E, Stathis A, Siegel S, Schmees N, Ocker M, Zucca E, Haendler B, Bertoni F. Preclinical evaluation of the BET bromodomain inhibitor BAY 1238097 for the treatment of lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:936-948. [PMID: 28653353 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is often deregulated in cancer and treatment with inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins, the readers of epigenetic acetylation marks, represents a novel therapeutic approach. Here, we have characterized the anti-tumour activity of the novel bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor BAY 1238097 in preclinical lymphoma models. BAY 1238097 showed anti-proliferative activity in a large panel of lymphoma-derived cell lines, with a median 50% inhibitory concentration between 70 and 208 nmol/l. The compound showed strong anti-tumour efficacy in vivo as a single agent in two diffuse large B cell lymphoma models. Gene expression profiling showed BAY 1238097 targeted the NFKB/TLR/JAK/STAT signalling pathways, MYC and E2F1-regulated genes, cell cycle regulation and chromatin structure. The gene expression profiling signatures also highly overlapped with the signatures obtained with other BET Bromodomain inhibitors and partially overlapped with HDAC-inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and demethylating agents. Notably, BAY 1238097 presented in vitro synergism with EZH2, mTOR and BTK inhibitors. In conclusion, the BET inhibitor BAY 1238097 presented promising anti-lymphoma preclinical activity in vitro and in vivo, mediated by the interference with biological processes driving the lymphoma cells. Our data also indicate the use of combination schemes targeting EZH2, mTOR and BTK alongside BET bromodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernasconi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,IDSIA Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Manno, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Spriano
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Afua A Mensah
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elaine Chung
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Ocker
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- IDSIA Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Manno, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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31
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Braun T, Gardin C. Investigational BET bromodomain protein inhibitors in early stage clinical trials for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:803-811. [PMID: 28541716 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1335711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies driven by genetic mutations and deregulated epigenetic control. Relapse/refractory disease remains frequent in younger patients and even more so in older patients, including treatment with epigenetic drugs in this age group, mainly with hypomethylating agents. New treatment strategies are urgently needed. The recent discovery that epigenetic readers of the bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) protein family, are crucial for AML maintenance by transcription of oncogenic c-MYC lead to rapid development of BET inhibitors entering clinical trials. Areas covered: We provide a critical overview using main sources for the use of BET inhibitors in AML treatment. Limits of this treatment approach including resistance mechanisms and future directions including development of new generation BET inhibitors and combination strategies with other drugs are detailed. Expert opinion: BET inhibitors were expected to overcome limits of conventional treatment in patients as impressive in vitro data emerged recently in well-characterized AML subsets, including those associated with poor risk characteristics in the clinic. Nevertheless single activity of BET inhibitors appears to be modest and resistance mechanisms were already identified. BET inhibitors with alternative mechanisms of action and/or combination strategies with epigenetic drugs should be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Braun
- a Hematology Department , Avicenne Hospital-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Paris XIII , Bobigny , France.,b Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies , Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII , Paris , France
| | - Claude Gardin
- a Hematology Department , Avicenne Hospital-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Paris XIII , Bobigny , France.,b Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies , Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII , Paris , France
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Bourova-Flin E, Chuffart F, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S. The Role of Bromodomain Testis-Specific Factor, BRDT, in Cancer: A Biomarker and A Possible Therapeutic Target. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:1-8. [PMID: 28580303 PMCID: PMC5448322 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.5060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have recently been shown to activate hundreds of normally silent
tissue-restricted genes, including a specific subset associated with cancer progression and
poor prognosis. Within these genes, a class of testis-specific genes designed as
cancer/testis, attracted special attention because of their oncogenic roles as well as
their potential use in immunotherapy. Here we focus on one of these genes encoding the
testis-specific member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family,
known as BRDT. Aberrant activation of BRDT was first detected in lung cancers. In
this study, we report that the frequency of BRDT’s aberrant activation in lung cancer
varies according to the histological subtypes and in contrast with other cancer/testis
genes, it is rarely expressed in other solid tumours. The functional characterization
of BRDT in its physiological setting in male germ cells is now painting a clear portrait
of its normal activity and also suggests possible underlying oncogenic activities,
when the gene is ectopically activated in cancers. Also, these functional studies of
BRDT point to specific anti-cancer therapeutic strategies that could be used to “high-jack”
BRDT’s action and turn it against cancer cells, which express this gene. Finally,
BRDT’s expression could be used as a biomarker for cell sensitivity to BET bromodomain
inhibitors, which have become newly available as anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm, U1209, University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm, U1209, University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm, U1209, University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm, U1209, University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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Klingbeil O, Lesche R, Gelato KA, Haendler B, Lejeune P. Inhibition of BET bromodomain-dependent XIAP and FLIP expression sensitizes KRAS-mutated NSCLC to pro-apoptotic agents. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2365. [PMID: 27607580 PMCID: PMC5059870 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the highest incidence of cancer-related death worldwide and a high medical need for more effective therapies. Small-molecule inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family such as JQ1, I-BET762 and OTX-015 are active in a wide range of different cancer types, including lung cancer. Although their activity on oncogene expression such as c-Myc has been addressed in many studies, the effects of BET inhibition on the apoptotic pathway remain largely unknown. Here we evaluated the activity of BET bromodomain inhibitors on cell cycle distribution and on components of the apoptosis response. Using a panel of 12 KRAS-mutated NSCLC models, we found that cell lines responsive to BET inhibitors underwent apoptosis and reduced their S-phase population, concomitant with downregulation of c-Myc expression. Conversely, ectopic c-Myc overexpression rescued the anti-proliferative effect of JQ1. In the H1373 xenograft model, treatment with JQ1 significantly reduced tumor growth and downregulated the expression of c-Myc. The effects of BET inhibition on the expression of 370 genes involved in apoptosis were compared in sensitive and resistant cells and we found the expression of the two key apoptosis regulators FLIP and XIAP to be highly BET dependent. Consistent with this, combination treatment of JQ1 with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the pro-apoptotic chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin enhanced induction of apoptosis in both BET inhibitor sensitive and resistant cells. Further we showed that combination of JQ1 with cisplatin led to significantly improved anti-tumor efficacy in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Altogether, these results show that the identification of BET-dependent genes provides guidance for the choice of drug combinations in cancer treatment. They also demonstrate that BET inhibition primes NSCLC cells for induction of apoptosis and that a combination with pro-apoptotic compounds represents a valuable strategy to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Klingbeil
- Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
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Hogg SJ, Newbold A, Vervoort SJ, Cluse LA, Martin BP, Gregory GP, Lefebure M, Vidacs E, Tothill RW, Bradner JE, Shortt J, Johnstone RW. BET Inhibition Induces Apoptosis in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma via Epigenetic Regulation of BCL-2 Family Members. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2030-41. [PMID: 27406984 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting BET bromodomain proteins using small molecules is an emerging anticancer strategy with clinical evaluation of at least six inhibitors now underway. Although MYC downregulation was initially proposed as a key mechanistic property of BET inhibitors, recent evidence suggests that additional antitumor activities are important. Using the Eμ-Myc model of B-cell lymphoma, we demonstrate that BET inhibition with JQ1 is a potent inducer of p53-independent apoptosis that occurs in the absence of effects on Myc gene expression. JQ1 skews the expression of proapoptotic (Bim) and antiapoptotic (BCL-2/BCL-xL) BCL-2 family members to directly engage the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this, Bim knockout or Bcl-2 overexpression inhibited apoptosis induction by JQ1. We identified lymphomas that were either intrinsically resistant to JQ1-mediated death or acquired resistance following in vivo exposure. Strikingly, in both instances BCL-2 was strongly upregulated and was concomitant with activation of RAS pathways. Eμ-Myc lymphomas engineered to express activated Nras upregulated BCL-2 and acquired a JQ1 resistance phenotype. These studies provide important information on mechanisms of apoptosis induction and resistance to BET-inhibition, while providing further rationale for the translation of BET inhibitors in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2030-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hogg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Newbold
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonie A Cluse
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Martin
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gareth P Gregory
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Monash Hematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Lefebure
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Vidacs
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jake Shortt
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Monash Hematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
BET proteins have recently become recognized for their role in a broad range of cancers and are defined by the presence of two acetyl-histone reading bromodomains and an ET domain. This family of proteins includes BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT. BRD4 is the most-studied BET protein in cancer, and normally serves as an epigenetic reader that links active chromatin marks to transcriptional elongation through activation of RNA polymerase II. The role of BRD3 and BRD4 first became known in cancer as mutant oncoproteins fused to the p300-recruiting NUT protein in a rare aggressive subtype of squamous cell cancer known as NUT midline carcinoma (NMC). BET inhibitors are acetyl-histone mimetics that specifically bind BET bromodomains, competitively inhibiting its engagement with chromatin. The antineoplastic effects of BET inhibitors were first demonstrated in NMC and have since been shown to be effective at inhibiting the growth of many different cancers, particularly acute leukemia. BET inhibitors have also been instrumental as tool compounds that have demonstrated the key role of BRD4 in driving NMC and non-NMC cancer growth. Many clinical trials enrolling patients with hematologic and solid tumors are ongoing, with encouraging preliminary findings. BET proteins BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 are expressed in nearly all cells of the body, so there are concerns of toxicity with BET inhibitors, as well as the development of resistance. Toxicity and resistance may be overcome by combining BET inhibitors with other targeted inhibitors, or through the use of novel BET inhibitor derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A French
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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36
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A six gene expression signature defines aggressive subtypes and predicts outcome in childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16527-42. [PMID: 26001296 PMCID: PMC4599287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression in cancer represents an under-explored source of cancer markers and therapeutic targets. In order to identify gene expression signatures associated with survival in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a strategy was designed to search for aberrant gene activity, which consists of applying several filters to transcriptomic datasets from two pediatric ALL studies. Six genes whose expression in leukemic blasts was associated with prognosis were identified:three genes predicting poor prognosis (AK022211, FASTKD1 and STARD4) and three genes associated with a favorable outcome (CAMSAP1, PCGF6 and SH3RF3). Combining the expression of these 6 genes could successfully predict prognosis not only in the two discovery pediatric ALL studies, but also in two independent validation cohorts of adult patients, one from a publicly available study and one consisting of 62 newly recruited Chinese patients. Moreover, our data demonstrate that our six gene based test is particularly efficient in stratifying MLL or BCR.ABL negative patients. Finally, common biological traits characterizing aggressive forms of ALL in both children and adults were found, including features of dormant hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting new therapeutic strategies.
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Haploinsufficiency for NR3C1, the gene encoding the glucocorticoid receptor, in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127:3040-53. [PMID: 27060168 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-671040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive leukemia for which knowledge on disease mechanisms and effective therapies are currently lacking. Only a handful of recurring genetic mutations have been identified and none is specific to BPDCN. In this study, through molecular cloning in an index case that presented a balanced t(3;5)(q21;q31) and molecular cytogenetic analyses in a further 46 cases, we identify monoallelic deletion of NR3C1 (5q31), encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), in 13 of 47 (28%) BPDCN patients. Targeted deep sequencing in 36 BPDCN cases, including 10 with NR3C1 deletion, did not reveal NR3C1 point mutations or indels. Haploinsufficiency for NR3C1 defined a subset of BPDCN with lowered GCR expression and extremely poor overall survival (P = .0006). Consistent with a role for GCR in tumor suppression, functional analyses coupled with gene expression profiling identified corticoresistance and loss-of-EZH2 function as major downstream consequences of NR3C1 deletion in BPDCN. Subsequently, more detailed analyses of the t(3;5)(q21;q31) revealed fusion of NR3C1 to a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene (lincRNA-3q) that encodes a novel, nuclear, noncoding RNA involved in the regulation of leukemia stem cell programs and G1/S transition, via E2F. Overexpression of lincRNA-3q was a consistent feature of malignant cells and could be abrogated by bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein inhibition. Taken together, this work points to NR3C1 as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in a subset of BPDCN and identifies BET inhibition, acting at least partially via lncRNA blockade, as a novel treatment option in BPDCN.
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Fu LL, Tian M, Li X, Li JJ, Huang J, Ouyang L, Zhang Y, Liu B. Inhibition of BET bromodomains as a therapeutic strategy for cancer drug discovery. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5501-16. [PMID: 25849938 PMCID: PMC4467383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a conserved protein interaction module that recognizes and binds to acetylated lysine, bromodomain (BRD) contains a deep, largely hydrophobic acetyl lysine binding site. Proteins that share the feature of containing two BRDs and an extra-terminal domain belong to BET family, including BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT. BET family proteins perform transcription regulatory function under normal conditions, while in cancer, they regulate transcription of several oncogenes, such as c-Myc and Bcl-2. Thus, targeting BET proteins may be a promising strategy, and intense interest of BET proteins has fueled the development of structure-based bromodomain inhibitors in cancer. In this review, we focus on summarizing several small-molecule BET inhibitors and their relevant anti-tumor mechanisms, which would provide a clue for exploiting new targeted BET inhibitors in the future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Doran MG, Carnazza KE, Steckler JM, Spratt DE, Truillet C, Wongvipat J, Sawyers CL, Lewis JS, Evans MJ. Applying ⁸⁹Zr-Transferrin To Study the Pharmacology of Inhibitors to BET Bromodomain Containing Proteins. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:683-8. [PMID: 26725682 PMCID: PMC4738321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chromatin modifying proteins are
attractive drug targets in oncology,
given the fundamental reliance of cancer on altered transcriptional
activity. Multiple transcription factors can be impacted downstream
of primary target inhibition, thus making it challenging to understand
the driving mechanism of action of pharmacologic inhibition of chromatin
modifying proteins. This in turn makes it difficult to identify biomarkers
predictive of response and pharmacodynamic tools to optimize drug
dosing. In this report, we show that 89Zr-transferrin,
an imaging tool we developed to measure MYC activity in cancer, can
be used to identify cancer models that respond to broad spectrum inhibitors
of transcription primarily due to MYC inhibition. As a proof of concept,
we studied inhibitors of BET bromodomain containing proteins, as they
can impart antitumor effects in a MYC dependent or independent fashion.
In vitro, we show that transferrin receptor biology is inhibited in
multiple MYC positive models of prostate cancer and double hit lymphoma
when MYC biology is impacted. Moreover, we show that bromodomain inhibition
in one lymphoma model results in transferrin receptor expression changes
large enough to be quantified with 89Zr-transferrin and
positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo. Collectively, these data
further underscore the diagnostic utility of the relationship between
MYC and transferrin in oncology, and provide the rationale to incorporate
transferrin-based PET into early clinical trials with bromodomain
inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Doran
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kathryn E Carnazza
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Steckler
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, Lobby 6 Suite 350, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - John Wongvipat
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , 185 Berry Street, Lobby 6 Suite 350, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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Ferri E, Petosa C, McKenna CE. Bromodomains: Structure, function and pharmacology of inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 106:1-18. [PMID: 26707800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomains are epigenetic readers of histone acetylation involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. The human proteome comprises 46 bromodomain-containing proteins with a total of 61 bromodomains, which, despite highly conserved structural features, recognize a wide array of natural peptide ligands. Over the past five years, bromodomains have attracted great interest as promising new epigenetic targets for diverse human diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The demonstration in 2010 that two small molecule compounds, JQ1 and I-BET762, potently inhibit proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family with translational potential for cancer and inflammatory disease sparked intense efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry to develop novel bromodomain antagonists for therapeutic applications. Several BET inhibitors are already in clinical trials for hematological malignancies, solid tumors and cardiovascular disease. Currently, the field faces the challenge of single-target selectivity, especially within the BET family, and of overcoming problems related to the development of drug resistance. At the same time, new trends in bromodomain inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in non-BET bromodomains and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of bromodomains, traces the development of bromodomain inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this vibrant new field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferri
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Carlo Petosa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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Camicia R, Winkler HC, Hassa PO. Novel drug targets for personalized precision medicine in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:207. [PMID: 26654227 PMCID: PMC4676894 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy and the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, with one of the highest mortality rates in most developed areas of the world. More than half of DLBLC patients can be cured with standard R-CHOP regimens, however approximately 30 to 40 % of patients will develop relapsed/refractory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic options.Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of at least three distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL: a germinal center B cell-like subtype, an activated B cell-like subtype, and a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma subtype. Moreover, recent findings have not only increased our understanding of the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance but have also helped identify molecular subsets of DLBCL and rational targets for drug interventions that may allow for subtype/subset-specific molecularly targeted precision medicine and personalized combinations to both prevent and treat relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, CC-122, epratuzumab or pidilizumab used as single-agent or in combination with (rituximab-based) chemotherapy have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Several novel potential drug targets have been recently identified such as the BET bromodomain protein (BRD)-4, phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)-2, macrodomain-containing mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD)-9 (also known as PARP9), deltex-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L) (also known as BBAP), NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR).This review highlights the new insights into the molecular basis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and summarizes the most promising drug targets and experimental treatments for relapsed/refractory DLBCL, including the use of novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, pidilizumab, epratuzumab, brentuximab-vedotin or CAR T cells, dual inhibitors, as well as mechanism-based combinatorial experimental therapies. We also provide a comprehensive and updated list of current drugs, drug targets and preclinical and clinical experimental studies in DLBCL. A special focus is given on STAT1, ARTD9, DTX3L and ARTD8 (also known as PARP14) as novel potential drug targets in distinct molecular subsets of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Camicia
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Nuffield Division of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,MRC-UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hans C Winkler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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42
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Sarkozy C, Traverse-Glehen A, Coiffier B. Double-hit and double-protein-expression lymphomas: aggressive and refractory lymphomas. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e555-e567. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Jung M, Gelato KA, Fernández-Montalván A, Siegel S, Haendler B. Targeting BET bromodomains for cancer treatment. Epigenomics 2015; 7:487-501. [PMID: 26077433 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily of bromodomain-containing proteins has emerged in the last few years as an exciting, novel target group. BRD4, the best studied BET protein, is implicated in a number of hematological and solid tumors. This is linked to its role in modulating transcription elongation of essential genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis such as c-Myc and BCL2. Potent BET inhibitors with promising antitumor efficacy in a number of preclinical cancer models have been identified in recent years. This led to clinical studies focusing mostly on the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, and first encouraging signs of efficacy have already been reported. Here we discuss the biology of BRD4, its known interaction partners and implication in different tumor types. Further, we summarize the current knowledge on BET bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jung
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Free University, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathy A Gelato
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Siegel
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Coudé MM, Braun T, Berrou J, Dupont M, Bertrand S, Masse A, Raffoux E, Itzykson R, Delord M, Riveiro ME, Herait P, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Gardin C. BET inhibitor OTX015 targets BRD2 and BRD4 and decreases c-MYC in acute leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17698-712. [PMID: 25989842 PMCID: PMC4627339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) proteins including BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 have been identified as key targets for leukemia maintenance. A novel oral inhibitor of BRD2/3/4, the thienotriazolodiazepine compound OTX015, suitable for human use, is available. Here we report its biological effects in AML and ALL cell lines and leukemic samples. Exposure to OTX015 lead to cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations in acute leukemia cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells, as described with the canonical JQ1 BET inhibitor. Treatment with JQ1 and OTX15 induces similar gene expression profiles in sensitive cell lines, including a c-MYC decrease and an HEXIM1 increase. OTX015 exposure also induced a strong decrease of BRD2, BRD4 and c-MYC and increase of HEXIM1 proteins, while BRD3 expression was unchanged. c-MYC, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and HEXIM1 mRNA levels did not correlate however with viability following exposure to OTX015. Sequential combinations of OTX015 with other epigenetic modifying drugs, panobinostat and azacitidine have a synergic effect on growth of the KASUMI cell line. Our results indicate that OTX015 and JQ1 have similar biological effects in leukemic cells, supporting OTX015 evaluation in a Phase Ib trial in relapsed/refractory leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Sibyl Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Aline Masse
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Itzykson
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Bioinformatics, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | | | | | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
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Wang CY, Filippakopoulos P. Beating the odds: BETs in disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:468-79. [PMID: 26145250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomains (BRDs) are evolutionarily conserved protein interaction modules that specifically recognise acetyl-lysine on histones and other proteins, facilitating roles in regulating gene transcription. BRD-containing proteins bound to chromatin loci such as enhancers are often deregulated in disease leading to aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth-promoting genes. Recent developments targeting the bromo and extraterminal (BET) subset of BRD proteins demonstrated remarkable efficacy in murine models providing a compelling rationale for drug development and translation to the clinic. Here we summarise recent advances in our understanding of the roles of BETs in regulating gene transcription in normal and diseased tissue as well as the current status of their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Wang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Le Bescont A, Vitte AL, Debernardi A, Curtet S, Buchou T, Vayr J, de Reyniès A, Ito A, Guardiola P, Brambilla C, Yoshida M, Brambilla E, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S. Receptor-Independent Ectopic Activity of Prolactin Predicts Aggressive Lung Tumors and Indicates HDACi-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1-14. [PMID: 24512221 PMCID: PMC4492736 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ectopic activation of tissue-specific genes accompanies malignant transformation in many cancers. Prolactin (PRL) aberrant activation in lung cancer was investigated here to highlight its value as a biomarker. RESULTS PRL is ectopically activated in a subset of very aggressive lung tumors, associated with a rapid fatal outcome, in our cohort of 293 lung tumor patients and in an external independent series of patients. Surprisingly PRL receptor expression was not detected in the vast majority of PRL-expressing lung tumors. Additionally, the analysis of the PRL transcripts in lung tumors and cell lines revealed systematic truncations of their 5' regions, including the signal peptide-encoding portions. PRL expression was found to sustain cancer-specific gene expression circuits encompassing genes that are normally responsive to hypoxia. Interestingly, this analysis also indicated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could counteract the PRL-associated transcriptional activity. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Altogether, this work not only unravels a yet unknown oncogenic mechanism but also indicates that the specific category of PRL-expressing aggressive lung cancers could be particularly responsive to an HDAC inhibitor-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Le Bescont
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vitte
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Debernardi
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Curtet
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Buchou
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Jessica Vayr
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- 2 Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs Program, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer , Paris, France
| | - Akihiro Ito
- 3 Chemical Genetics Laboratory , RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Philippe Guardiola
- 4 INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer Nantes Angers and UMR_S 892, Université d'Angers , Plateforme SNP, Transcriptome & Epigénomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christian Brambilla
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Brambilla
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- 1 INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1 , Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
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Boi M, Gaudio E, Bonetti P, Kwee I, Bernasconi E, Tarantelli C, Rinaldi A, Testoni M, Cascione L, Ponzoni M, Mensah AA, Stathis A, Stussi G, Riveiro ME, Herait P, Inghirami G, Cvitkovic E, Zucca E, Bertoni F. The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1628-38. [PMID: 25623213 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In cancer cells, the epigenome is often deregulated, and inhibition of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins is a novel epigenetic therapeutic approach. Preliminary results of an ongoing phase I trial have reported promising activity and tolerability with the new BET bromodomain inhibitor OTX015. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed the preclinical activity of OTX015 as single agent and in combination in mature B-cell lymphoma models and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to identify the mechanism of action and the genetic features associated with sensitivity to the compound. RESULTS OTX015 showed antiproliferative activity in a large panel of cell lines derived from mature B-cell lymphoid tumors with median IC50 of 240 nmol/L, without significant differences among the different histotypes. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that OTX015 targeted NFKB/TLR/JAK/STAT signaling pathways, MYC- and E2F1-regulated genes, cell-cycle regulation, and chromatin structure. OTX015 presented in vitro synergism with several anticancer agents, especially with mTOR and BTK inhibitors. Gene expression signatures associated with different degrees of sensitivity to OTX015 were identified. Although OTX015 was mostly cytostatic, the compound induced apoptosis in a genetically defined subgroup of cells, derived from activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, bearing wtTP53, mutations in MYD88, and CD79B or CARD11. CONCLUSIONS Together with the data coming from the ongoing phase I study, the in vitro and in vivo data presented here provide the basis for further clinical investigation of OTX015 as single agent and in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Boi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bonetti
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), Manno, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Bernasconi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Monica Testoni
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland. IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Haematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Afua Adjeiwaa Mensah
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Georg Stussi
- IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Esteban Cvitkovic
- OTD Oncology Therapeutic Development, Clichy, France. Oncoethix, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland. IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in western countries. Despite the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy, the prognosis is still poor and almost one-third of patients fail or relapse after first-line treatment. Gene expression profiling has identified three main signatures related to subgroups with different biological characteristics and responses to treatment. Novel agents targeting the oncogenic drivers of these subsets are currently under investigation with the aim of providing a tailored approach and avoiding unnecessary toxicity. Herein, we review the emerging therapies for DLBCL with a focus on preclinical and early clinical trials as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Chen R, Frankel P, Popplewell L, Siddiqi T, Ruel N, Rotter A, Thomas SH, Mott M, Nathwani N, Htut M, Nademanee A, Forman SJ, Kirschbaum M. A phase II study of vorinostat and rituximab for treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2015; 100:357-62. [PMID: 25596263 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.117473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the activity and tolerability of a regimen combining vorinostat and rituximab in patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A total of 28 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory follicular, marginal zone, or mantle cell lymphoma, with 4 or less prior therapies were eligible for this open-label phase II study. Oral vorinostat 200 mg was administered twice daily on days 1-14 along with 375 mg/m(2) of intravenous rituximab on day 1 of a 21-day cycle, continuing until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was objective response rate, with secondary end points of progression-free survival, time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability. Median follow up was 25.6 months and median number of vorinostat cycles was 11.5. Overall response rate was 46% for all patients, 67% for previously untreated, and 41% for relapsed/refractory patients. Median progression-free survival was 29.2 months for all patients, 18.8 months for previously treated patients, and not reached for untreated patients. The regimen was well tolerated over long treatment periods with the most common grade 3/4 adverse events being asymptomatic thrombosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and fatigue. The vorinostat/rituximab combination exhibits activity in indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an acceptable safety profile and durable responses. Re-treatment was effective in 2 of 3 relapsing responders. This phase II clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 00720876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Popplewell
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nora Ruel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Rotter
- Department of Radiology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sandra H Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Mott
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nitya Nathwani
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Myo Htut
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Auayporn Nademanee
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mark Kirschbaum
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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50
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Sapi J, Schmidt F, Van Hijfte L, George P. Interfacing chemical biology and drug discovery: report from the 50th International Conference on Medicinal Chemistry of the SCT (French Medicinal Chemistry Society), July 2-4, 2014, Rouen, France. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2702-7. [PMID: 25476010 DOI: 10.1021/cb5009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Sapi
- SCT Vice-President, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51069 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- SCT Communication Officer, Institut Curie, Research Center, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, 26 rue d’Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Luc Van Hijfte
- NovAliX, BioParc, 850 Blvd Sébastien Brant, BP 30170, F-67405 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Pascal George
- SCT President,
Independent Scientific Expert and Adviser, F-78730 Longvilliers, France
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