1
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Fasana E, Fregno I, Galli C, Soldà T, Molinari M. ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation acts as failsafe mechanism upon ERAD dysfunction. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 38773321 PMCID: PMC11169228 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces proteins destined to organelles of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular space. While native proteins are transported to their intra- or extracellular site of activity, folding-defective polypeptides are retro-translocated across the ER membrane into the cytoplasm, poly-ubiquitylated and degraded by 26 S proteasomes in a process called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Large misfolded polypeptides, such as polymers of alpha1 antitrypsin Z (ATZ) or mutant procollagens, fail to be dislocated across the ER membrane and instead enter ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) pathways. Here, we show that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ERAD components, such as the α1,2-mannosidase EDEM1 or the OS9 ERAD lectins triggers the delivery of the canonical ERAD clients Null Hong Kong (NHK) and BACE457Δ to degradative endolysosomes under control of the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B and the LC3 lipidation machinery. Our results reveal that ERAD dysfunction is compensated by the activation of FAM134B-driven ERLAD pathways that ensure efficient lysosomal clearance of orphan ERAD clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasana
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Fregno
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carmela Galli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Liu W, Qi Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Pandol SJ, Han YP, Zheng X. Transcription factor EB modulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in intestinal epithelial cells to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167065. [PMID: 38342419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy regulator, is crucial for cellular homeostasis, and its abnormality is related to diverse inflammatory diseases. Genetic variations in autophagic genes are associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, little is known about the role and mechanism of TFEB in disease pathogenesis. In this study, we found that the genetic deletion of TFEB in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) caused intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to increased susceptibility to experimental colitis. Mechanistically, TFEB functionally protected IEC in part through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (TFEB-PGC1α axis) induction, which consequently suppressed reactive oxygen species. TFEB can directly regulate PGC-1α transcription to control antioxidation level. Notably, TFEB expression is impaired and downregulated in the colon tissues of IBD patients. Collectively, our results indicate that intestinal TFEB participates in oxidative stress regulation and attenuates IBD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Center for Islet Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Qi
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Xiao
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Center for Islet Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Picca A, Faitg J, Auwerx J, Ferrucci L, D'Amico D. Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2047-2061. [PMID: 38036770 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining optimal mitochondrial function is a feature of health. Mitophagy removes and recycles damaged mitochondria and regulates the biogenesis of new, fully functional ones preserving healthy mitochondrial functions and activities. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that impaired mitophagy negatively affects cellular health and contributes to age-related chronic diseases. Strategies to boost mitophagy have been successfully tested in model organisms, and, recently, some have been translated into clinics. In this Review, we describe the basic mechanisms of mitophagy and how mitophagy can be assessed in human blood, the immune system and tissues, including muscle, brain and liver. We outline mitophagy's role in specific diseases and describe mitophagy-activating approaches successfully tested in humans, including exercise and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. We describe how mitophagy is connected to other features of ageing through general mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress and forecast how strengthening research on mitophagy and mitophagy interventions may strongly support human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Faitg
- Amazentis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Pastore N, Annunziata F, Colonna R, Maffia V, Giuliano T, Custode BM, Lombardi B, Polishchuk E, Cacace V, De Stefano L, Nusco E, Sorrentino NC, Piccolo P, Brunetti-Pierri N. Increased expression or activation of TRPML1 reduces hepatic storage of toxic Z alpha-1 antitrypsin. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2651-2661. [PMID: 37394797 PMCID: PMC10492024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant Z alpha-1 antitrypsin (ATZ) accumulates in globules in the liver and is the prototype of proteotoxic hepatic disease. Therapeutic strategies aiming at clearance of polymeric ATZ are needed. Transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) is a lysosomal Ca2+ channel that maintains lysosomal homeostasis. In this study, we show that by increasing lysosomal exocytosis, TRPML1 gene transfer or small-molecule-mediated activation of TRPML1 reduces hepatic ATZ globules and fibrosis in PiZ transgenic mice that express the human ATZ. ATZ globule clearance induced by TRPML1 occurred without increase in autophagy or nuclear translocation of TFEB. Our results show that targeting TRPML1 and lysosomal exocytosis is a novel approach for treatment of the liver disease due to ATZ and potentially other diseases due to proteotoxic liver storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Rita Colonna
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Maffia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Giuliano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Maria Custode
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernadette Lombardi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolina Cristina Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Rudinskiy M, Molinari M. ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation in a nutshell: mammalian, yeast, and plant ER-phagy as induced by misfolded proteins. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1928-1945. [PMID: 37259628 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conserved catabolic pathways operate to remove aberrant polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major biosynthetic organelle of eukaryotic cells. The best known are the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways that control the retrotranslocation of terminally misfolded proteins across the ER membrane for clearance by the cytoplasmic ubiquitin/proteasome system. In this review, we catalog folding-defective mammalian, yeast, and plant proteins that fail to engage ERAD machineries. We describe that they rather segregate in ER subdomains that eventually vesiculate. These ER-derived vesicles are captured by double membrane autophagosomes, engulfed by endolysosomes/vacuoles, or fused with degradative organelles to clear cells from their toxic cargo. These client-specific, mechanistically diverse ER-phagy pathways are grouped under the umbrella term of ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation for description in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Rudinskiy
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Peonidin-3-O-Glucoside from Purple Corncob Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Mitochondrial and Lysosome Functions to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020372. [PMID: 36678243 PMCID: PMC9866220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A frequent chronic liver condition across the world is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation is generally considered to be the main cause of NAFLD. Anthocyanins can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve oxidative stress. In this work, six major anthocyanins were separated from purple corncob by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The effects of the 6 kinds of anthocyanins against NAFLD were investigated using a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced cell model. The results showed that peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in the NAFLD cell model. The treatment with P3G also inhibited oxidative stress via inhibiting the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, increasing glutathione levels, and enhancing the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Further studies unveiled that treatment with P3G not only alleviated inflammation but also improved the depletion of mitochondrial content and damage of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain developed concomitantly in the cell model. P3G upregulated transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal function and activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-mediated peroxisomal lipid oxidation by interacting with PPARα possibly. Overall, this study added to our understanding of the protective effects of purple corn anthocyanins against NAFLD and offered suggestions for developing functional foods containing these anthocyanins.
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7
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Chen G, Wei T, Ju F, Li H. Protein quality control and aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum: From basic to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1156152. [PMID: 37152279 PMCID: PMC10154544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1156152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane-bound compartment in all cells and functions as a key regulator in protein biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium balance. Mammalian endoplasmic reticulum has evolved with an orchestrated protein quality control system to handle defective proteins and ensure endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Nevertheless, the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum may occur during pathological conditions. The inability of endoplasmic reticulum quality control system to clear faulty proteins and aggregates from the endoplasmic reticulum results in the development of many human disorders. The efforts to comprehensively understand endoplasmic reticulum quality control network and protein aggregation will benefit the diagnostics and therapeutics of endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases. Herein, we overview recent advances in mammalian endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control system, describe protein phase transition model, and summarize the approaches to monitor protein aggregation. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic applications of enhancing endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control pathways in endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyi Wei
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Ju
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sha Tin, Hong kong SAR, China
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- AoBio Medical, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haisen Li,
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8
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Khan TK, You Y, Nelson TJ, Kundu S, Pramanik S, Das J. Modulation of proteasome activity by curcumin and didemethylcurcumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:8332-8339. [PMID: 33876718 PMCID: PMC8827141 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1911853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of proteasome function by pharmacological interventions and molecular biology tools is an active area of research in cancer biology and neurodegenerative diseases. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that affects multiple signaling pathways. Curcumin shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, or anti-apoptotic properties. Recent research suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin may be due to its activity as a potent inhibitor of the proteasome. Using in vitro cell culture and molecular docking methods, here we show that both curcumin and its synthetic polyphenolic derivative (didemethylcurcumin, CUIII) modulated proteasome activity in a biphasic manner. Curcumin and CUIII increased proteasome activity at nanomolar concentrations, but inhibited proteasome activity at micromolar concentrations. Curcumin was more effective than CUIII in increasing relative proteasome activity at nanomolar concentrations. Also, curcumin was more effective than CUIII in inhibiting relative proteasome activity at micromolar concentrations. Docking simulations of curcumin and didemethylcurcumin binding to the 20S proteasome catalytic subunit estimated Kd values of 0.0054 µM and 1.3167 µM, respectively. These values correlate well with the results of the effectiveness of modulation by curcumin compared to CUIII. The small size of CUIII allows it to dock to the narrow cavity of the active site, but the binding interaction is not strong compared to curcumin. These results indicate that curcumin and its didemethyl derivative can be used to modulate proteasome activity and suggest that curcumin and its didemethyl derivative may be useful in treating two different disease classes: neurodegeneration and cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Khan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Care, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Youngki You
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Thomas J. Nelson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington WV 25704
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Saroj Pramanik
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251
| | - Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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9
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Matye D, Gunewardena S, Chen J, Wang H, Wang Y, Hasan MN, Gu L, Clayton YD, Du Y, Chen C, Friedman JE, Lu SC, Ding WX, Li T. TFEB regulates sulfur amino acid and coenzyme A metabolism to support hepatic metabolic adaptation and redox homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5696. [PMID: 36171419 PMCID: PMC9519740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is a highly heterogenous condition driven by various pathogenic factors in addition to the severity of steatosis. Protein insufficiency has been causally linked to fatty liver with incompletely defined mechanisms. Here we report that fatty liver is a sulfur amino acid insufficient state that promotes metabolic inflexibility via limiting coenzyme A availability. We demonstrate that the nutrient-sensing transcriptional factor EB synergistically stimulates lysosome proteolysis and methionine adenosyltransferase to increase cysteine pool that drives the production of coenzyme A and glutathione, which support metabolic adaptation and antioxidant defense during increased lipid influx. Intriguingly, mice consuming an isocaloric protein-deficient Western diet exhibit selective hepatic cysteine, coenzyme A and glutathione deficiency and acylcarnitine accumulation, which are reversed by cystine supplementation without normalizing dietary protein intake. These findings support a pathogenic link of dysregulated sulfur amino acid metabolism to metabolic inflexibility that underlies both overnutrition and protein malnutrition-associated fatty liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matye
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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10
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Grayeski PJ, Weidmann CA, Kumar J, Lackey L, Mustoe A, Busan S, Laederach A, Weeks KM. Global 5'-UTR RNA structure regulates translation of a SERPINA1 mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9689-9704. [PMID: 36107773 PMCID: PMC9508835 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SERPINA1 mRNAs encode the protease inhibitor α-1-antitrypsin and are regulated through post-transcriptional mechanisms. α-1-antitrypsin deficiency leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver cirrhosis, and specific variants in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) are associated with COPD. The NM_000295.4 transcript is well expressed and translated in lung and blood and features an extended 5'-UTR that does not contain a competing upstream open reading frame (uORF). We show that the 5'-UTR of NM_000295.4 folds into a well-defined multi-helix structural domain. We systematically destabilized mRNA structure across the NM_000295.4 5'-UTR, and measured changes in (SHAPE quantified) RNA structure and cap-dependent translation relative to a native-sequence reporter. Surprisingly, despite destabilizing local RNA structure, most mutations either had no effect on or decreased translation. Most structure-destabilizing mutations retained native, global 5'-UTR structure. However, those mutations that disrupted the helix that anchors the 5'-UTR domain yielded three groups of non-native structures. Two of these non-native structure groups refolded to create a stable helix near the translation initiation site that decreases translation. Thus, in contrast to the conventional model that RNA structure in 5'-UTRs primarily inhibits translation, complex folding of the NM_000295.4 5'-UTR creates a translation-optimized message by promoting accessibility at the translation initiation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Grayeski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Chase A Weidmann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jayashree Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lela Lackey
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Anthony M Mustoe
- Verna and Marrs McClean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, and Therapeutic Innovation Center (THINC), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven Busan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin M Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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11
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Morishita H, Komatsu M. Role of autophagy in liver diseases. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Liver disease in homozygous ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency occurs due to the accumulation of large quantities of AAT mutant Z protein polymers in the liver. The mutant Z protein folds improperly during biogenesis and is retained within the hepatocytes rather than appropriately secreted. These intracellular polymers trigger an injury cascade, which leads to liver injury. However, the clinical liver disease is highly variable and not all patients with this same homozygous ZZ genotype develop liver disease. Evidence suggests that genetic determinants of intracellular protein processing, among other unidentified genetic and environmental factors, likely play a role in liver disease susceptibility. Advancements made in development of new treatment strategies using siRNA technology, and other novel approaches, are promising, and multiple human liver disease trials are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandini Suri
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenetrology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 S Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Dhiren Patel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenetrology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 S Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Teckman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenetrology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 S Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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13
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Role of TFEB in Autophagy and the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050672. [PMID: 35625599 PMCID: PMC9139110 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated phosphorylation on TFEB is known to regulate TFEB subcellular localization and activity at the lysosomal surface. Recent studies have shown that TFEB also plays a critical role in physiological processes such as lipid metabolism, and dysfunction of TFEB has been observed in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Owing to its ability to improve disease status in murine models, TFEB has attracted attention as a therapeutic target for diseases. In this review, we will present the regulation of TFEB and its role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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14
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Xiong H, Pang J, Min X, Ye Y, Lai L, Zheng Y. miR-34a/ATG9A/TFEB signaling modulates autophagy in cochlear hair cells and correlates with age-related hearing loss. Neuroscience 2022; 491:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Li H, Sun S. Protein Aggregation in the ER: Calm behind the Storm. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123337. [PMID: 34943844 PMCID: PMC8699410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the largest organelles in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a vital role in the synthesis, folding, and assembly of secretory and membrane proteins. To maintain its homeostasis, the ER is equipped with an elaborate network of protein folding chaperones and multiple quality control pathways whose cooperative actions safeguard the fidelity of protein biogenesis. However, due to genetic abnormalities, the error-prone nature of protein folding and assembly, and/or defects or limited capacities of the protein quality control systems, nascent proteins may become misfolded and fail to exit the ER. If not cleared efficiently, the progressive accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER may result in the formation of toxic protein aggregates, leading to the so-called “ER storage diseases”. In this review, we first summarize our current understanding of the protein folding and quality control networks in the ER, including chaperones, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), and ER-selective autophagy (ER-phagy). We then survey recent research progress on a few ER storage diseases, with a focus on the role of ER quality control in the disease etiology, followed by a discussion on outstanding questions and emerging concepts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cadwell K, Cecconi F, Choi AMK, Choi ME, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo M, Cuervo AM, Deretic V, Dikic I, Elazar Z, Eskelinen E, Fimia GM, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhász G, Karantza V, Kraft C, Kroemer G, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Lopez‐Otin C, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Martinez J, Meléndez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Penninger JM, Perera R, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan K, Sadoshima J, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon H, Simon AK, Simonsen A, Stolz A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108863. [PMID: 34459017 PMCID: PMC8488577 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 212.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction to the pathogenesis of major human disorders including cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, infectious, musculoskeletal, and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Abramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological ResearchSpanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - José Manuel Bravo‐San Pedro
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Section of PhysiologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Onco‐Hematology and Cell and Gene TherapyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’RomeItaly
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mary E Choi
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker‐Enfants MaladesINSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia‐Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoCONICET‐ Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIMCenter of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of EpidemiologyPreclinical Research, and Advanced DiagnosticsNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteProgram of DevelopmentAging, and RegenerationLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and MetabolismCenter for Autophagy, Recycling & DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Department of Medical BiologyMolecular Cancer Research GroupUniversity of Tromsø—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CenterSzegedHungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS ‐ Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersEquipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité de ParisSorbonne UniversitéInserm U1138Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsInstitut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Pôle de BiologieHôpital Européen Georges PompidouAP‐HPParisFrance
- Suzhou Institute for Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSuzhouChina
- Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carlos Lopez‐Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de MedicinaInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe Gordon Center for Integrative SciencesW‐338The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNIHResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Biology Department, Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Programs of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Medical GeneticsLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Cytology Russian Academy of ScienceSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & SystemsMolecular Cell Biology SectionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineCardiovascular Research InstituteRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Istituto Veneto di Medicina MolecolarePadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | | | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital MontebelloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of AutophagyThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of GeneticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science DivisionInstitute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU‐SM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of DermatologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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17
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Song R, Lei H, Feng L, Cheng W, Li Y, Yao LL, Liu J. TFEB insufficiency promotes cardiac hypertrophy by blocking autophagic degradation of GATA4. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101189. [PMID: 34517007 PMCID: PMC8498468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome-lysosome pathway (ALP) insufficiency has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms underlying ALP insufficiency remain largely unknown, and strategies to specifically manipulate ALP insufficiency for treating cardiac hypertrophy are lacking. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), as a master regulator of ALP, regulates the generation and function of autophagosomes and lysosomes. We found that TFEB was significantly decreased, whereas autophagosome markers were increased in phenylephrine (PE)-induced and transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and failing hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Knocking down TFEB induced ALP insufficiency, as indicated by increased autophagosome markers, decreased light chain 3II flux, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy manifested through increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain and enlarged cell size. The effects of TFEB knockdown were abolished by promoting autophagy. TFEB overexpression improved autophagic flux and attenuated PE-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and transverse aortic constriction-induced hypertrophic remodeling, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Curcumin analog compound C1, a specific TFEB activator, similarly attenuated PE-induced ALP insufficiency and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. TFEB knockdown increased the accumulation of GATA4, a transcription factor for several genes causing cardiac hypertrophy by blocking autophagic degradation of GATA4, whereas knocking down GATA4 attenuated TFEB downregulation-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Both TFEB overexpression and C1 promoted GATA4 autophagic degradation and alleviated PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, TFEB downregulation plays a vital role in the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by causing ALP insufficiency and blocking autophagic degradation. Activation of TFEB represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Ling Yao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Patel D, Teckman J. Liver disease with unknown etiology - have you ruled out alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency? Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12_suppl:2040622321995684. [PMID: 34408828 PMCID: PMC8367207 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321995684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a less well-known consequence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) liver disease is the second leading cause of death among patients with the condition. The alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein is produced by hepatocytes within the liver, which retain pathological variants of AAT instead of secreting the proteinase inhibitor into the systemic circulation. This intracellular retention is caused by inefficient folding and polymerization of mutant AAT and the accumulation of these AAT aggregates leads to diverse manifestations of liver disease, which can present differently in both children and adults. The progression from hepatocyte apoptosis to liver inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, and liver failure is still not fully understood, but in older patients, liver disease can surpass lung disease as the principal cause of death. Liver function tests (LFTs) can measure plasma levels of liver enzymes to assess liver function but require careful interpretation. Non-invasive tests are being developed that can detect early liver disease, but liver biopsy is still the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis once abnormal LFTs have been detected in a patient. Currently, there is no licensed treatment for AATD-related liver disease (intravenous AAT therapy is not indicated for this purpose), but liver transplantation is associated with positive outcomes and may even slow emphysema progression. Therefore, new strategies are being developed to address treatment of AATD-related liver disease, such as accelerating degradation of mutant AAT and assisting hepatocytes in the folding and secretion of mutant AAT, but these approaches remain at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Teckman
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Marek G, Collinsworth A, Liu C, Brantly M, Clark V. Quantitative measurement of the histological features of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease in biopsy specimens. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256117. [PMID: 34398915 PMCID: PMC8366994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological mutations in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) protein cause retention of toxic polymers in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum. The risk for cirrhosis in AAT deficiency is likely directly related to retention of these polymers within the liver. Polymers are classically identified on liver biopsy as inclusion bodies by periodic acid schiff staining after diastase treatment and immunohistochemistry. However, characterization of the polymer burden within a biopsy sample is limited to a semi-quantitative scale as described by a pathologist. Better methods to quantify polymer are needed to advance our understanding of pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, we developed a method to quantify polymer aggregation from standard histologic specimens. In addition, we sought to understand the relationship of polymer burden and other histologic findings to the presence of liver fibrosis. Methods Liver samples from a well-categorized AATD cohort were used to develop histo-morphometric tools to measure protein aggregation. Results Whole-slide morphometry reliably quantifies aggregates in AATD individuals. Despite very low levels of inclusions present (0–0.41%), accumulation of globules is not linear and is associated with higher fibrosis stages. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that fibrosis is associated with polymer accumulation and not total AAT. A proportion of patients were found to be “heavy accumulators” with a polymer burden above the upper 25% of normal distribution. Males had significantly more liver inclusions and polymer than females. These measurements also highlight interrelated phenotypes of hepatocellular degeneration and autophagy in AATD liver disease. Conclusion Quantitative inclusion analysis measures AAT accumulation in liver biopsy specimens. Quantification of polymer may identify individuals at risk for progressive disease and candidates for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, these methods may be useful for evaluating efficacy of drugs targeting accumulation of AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Marek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy Collinsworth
- Advanced Pathology Solutions, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Virginia Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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20
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Fregno I, Fasana E, Soldà T, Galli C, Molinari M. N-glycan processing selects ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins for ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107240. [PMID: 34152647 PMCID: PMC8327951 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient degradation of by‐products of protein biogenesis maintains cellular fitness. Strikingly, the major biosynthetic compartment in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lacks degradative machineries. Misfolded proteins in the ER are translocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation via ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). Alternatively, they are segregated in ER subdomains that are shed from the biosynthetic compartment and are delivered to endolysosomes under control of ER‐phagy receptors for ER‐to‐lysosome‐associated degradation (ERLAD). Demannosylation of N‐linked oligosaccharides targets terminally misfolded proteins for ERAD. How misfolded proteins are eventually marked for ERLAD is not known. Here, we show for ATZ and mutant Pro‐collagen that cycles of de‐/re‐glucosylation of selected N‐glycans and persistent association with Calnexin (CNX) are required and sufficient to mark ERAD‐resistant misfolded proteins for FAM134B‐driven lysosomal delivery. In summary, we show that mannose and glucose processing of N‐glycans are triggering events that target misfolded proteins in the ER to proteasomal (ERAD) and lysosomal (ERLAD) clearance, respectively, regulating protein quality control in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fregno
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Fasana
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carmela Galli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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TFEB protein expression is reduced in aged brains and its overexpression mitigates senescence-associated biomarkers and memory deficits in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:26-36. [PMID: 34229273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecules and molecular pathways that can ameliorate aging-associated decline in cognitive function is crucial. Here we report that the protein levels of transcription factor EB (TFEB) were markedly reduced in both the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of the frontal cortex and hippocampus at 18-months of age relative to 6 months in the normal male wild-type mice. In the transgenic mice with ectopic expression of flag-TFEB in neurons, we observed that the levels of actin-normalized PGC1α and mtTFA were significantly increased in both the cortex and the hippocampus. Additionally, we confirmed increased mitochondria numbers in the flag-TFEB mice by transmission electron microscopy. Most importantly, TFEB expression in the 18-month-old transgenic mice mitigated markers of senescence including P16INK4a, γ-H2AX, and lamin B1, and improved memory skills implying that TFEB may exert an anti-aging effect by modulating neuronal senescence. Taken together these data strongly support that TFEB can be a useful therapeutic target for brain senescent cells to help overcome the age-related issues in cognition and possibly, achieve healthy aging.
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22
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Genistein Activates Transcription Factor EB and Corrects Niemann-Pick C Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084220. [PMID: 33921734 PMCID: PMC8073251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by abnormal cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes, impaired autophagy flux, and lysosomal dysfunction. The activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master lysosomal function regulator, reduces the accumulation of lysosomal substrates in LSDs where the degradative capacity of the cells is compromised. Genistein can pass the blood-brain barrier and activate TFEB. Hence, we investigated the effect of TFEB activation by genistein toward correcting the NPC phenotype. We show that genistein promotes TFEB translocation to the nucleus in HeLa TFEB-GFP, Huh7, and SHSY-5Y cells treated with U18666A and NPC1 patient fibroblasts. Genistein treatment improved lysosomal protein expression and autophagic flux, decreasing p62 levels and increasing those of the LC3-II in NPC1 patient fibroblasts. Genistein induced an increase in β-hexosaminidase activity in the culture media of NPC1 patient fibroblasts, suggesting an increase in lysosomal exocytosis, which correlated with a decrease in cholesterol accumulation after filipin staining, including cells treated with U18666A and NPC1 patient fibroblasts. These results support that genistein-mediated TFEB activation corrects pathological phenotypes in NPC models and substantiates the need for further studies on this isoflavonoid as a potential therapeutic agent to treat NPCD and other LSDs with neurological compromise.
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Liu X, Yin L, Li T, Lin L, Zhang J, Li Y. Reduction of WDR81 impairs autophagic clearance of aggregated proteins and cell viability in neurodegenerative phenotypes. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009415. [PMID: 33730050 PMCID: PMC7968681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuron loss and accumulation of undegraded protein aggregates. These phenotypes are partially due to defective protein degradation in neuronal cells. Autophagic clearance of aggregated proteins is critical to protein quality control, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we report the essential role of WDR81 in autophagic clearance of protein aggregates in models of Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In hippocampus and cortex of patients with HD, PD and AD, protein level of endogenous WDR81 is decreased but autophagic receptor p62 accumulates significantly. WDR81 facilitates the recruitment of autophagic proteins onto Htt polyQ aggregates and promotes autophagic clearance of Htt polyQ subsequently. The BEACH and MFS domains of WDR81 are sufficient for its recruitment onto Htt polyQ aggregates, and its WD40 repeats are essential for WDR81 interaction with covalent bound ATG5-ATG12. Reduction of WDR81 impairs the viability of mouse primary neurons, while overexpression of WDR81 restores the viability of fibroblasts from HD patients. Notably, in Caenorhabditis elegans, deletion of the WDR81 homolog (SORF-2) causes accumulation of p62 bodies and exacerbates neuron loss induced by overexpressed α-synuclein. As expected, overexpression of SORF-2 or human WDR81 restores neuron viability in worms. These results demonstrate that WDR81 has crucial evolutionarily conserved roles in autophagic clearance of protein aggregates and maintenance of cell viability under pathological conditions, and its reduction provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of HD, PD, AD and brain disorders related to WDR81 mutations. In recent years, a group of clinical studies reported that mutations of WDR81 are related to pathogenesis of human brain disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis are still unknown. In this study, WDR81 promotes the autophagic clearance of protein aggregates via facilitating the recruitment of autophagic proteins onto protein aggregates. The BEACH and MFS domains of WDR81 are sufficient for its recruitment onto Htt polyQ aggregates, and its WD40 repeats are essential for WDR81 interaction with covalent bound ATG5-ATG12. In hippocampus and cortex of patients with HD, PD and AD, protein level of WDR81 is decreased significantly. Reduction of WDR81 impairs the viability of mouse primary neurons, while overexpression of WDR81 restores the viability of fibroblasts from HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Limin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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25
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da Costa A, Metais T, Mouthon F, Kerkovich D, Charvériat M. Evaluating and modulating TFEB in the control of autophagy: toward new treatments in CNS disorders. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:539-551. [PMID: 33259088 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TFEB is a mammalian transcription factor that binds directly to the CLEAR consensus sequence (5'-GTCACGTGAC-3') present in the regulatory regions of genes inducing autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, hydrolase enzyme expression, and lysosomal exocytosis. By modulating these activities, TFEB coordinates on-demand control over each cell's degradation pathway. Thus, a nuclear signaling pathway regulates cellular energy metabolism through TFEB. Our growing understanding of the role of TFEB and CLEAR in the promotion of healthy clearance together with in vitro and in vivo preclinical findings in various animal models of disease supports the conclusion that the pharmacological activation of TFEB could clear toxic proteins to treat both rare and common forms of neurodegenerative disease.
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26
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Transcription factor EB agonists from natural products for treating human diseases with impaired autophagy-lysosome pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:123. [PMID: 33292395 PMCID: PMC7684757 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation process for long-lived intracellular proteins and organelles mediated by lysosomes. Deficits in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) have been linked to a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, lysosomal storage disorders, and cancers. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) has been identified as a major regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that TFEB activation can promote the clearance of toxic protein aggregates and regulate cellular metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-derived natural products as important sources for drug discovery have been widely used for the treatment of various diseases associated with ALP dysfunction. Herein, we review (1) the regulation of TFEB and ALP; (2) TFEB and ALP dysregulation in human diseases; (3) TFEB activators from natural products and their potential uses.
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27
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Fan J, Shi Y, Peng Y. Autophagy and Liver Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:497-528. [PMID: 32671772 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of the liver. It is involved in the development of many liver diseases such as α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, chronic hepatitis virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver cancer. Autophagy has thus become a new target for the treatment of liver diseases. How to treat liver diseases by regulating autophagy has been a hot topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fan
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfei Peng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, China
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28
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Hou B, Li Y, Li X, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Zhang N, Li H. HGF protected against diabetic nephropathy via autophagy-lysosome pathway in podocyte by modulating PI3K/Akt-GSK3β-TFEB axis. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109744. [PMID: 32827692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte loss is a detrimental feature and major cause of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) prevented high glucose-induced podocyte injury via enhancing autophagy. In the current study, we aimed to assess the role of HGF on podocyte homeostasis in DN and clarify its mechanisms further. Diabetic mice treated with HGF had markedly reduced ratio of kidney weight to body weight, urinary albumin excretion, podocyte loss and matrix expansion compared with that in the non-treated counterpart. Simultaneously, HGF-treated diabetic mice exhibited increased autophagy activity as indicated by the decreased accumulation of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/ p62) and increased microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chains 3 (LC3) II/LC3I ratio. These beneficial effects of HGF were blocked by HGF/c-Met inhibitor Crizotinib or phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, HGF treatment obviously prevented inactivation of the protein kinase B (Akt)-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)-transcription factor EB (TFEB) axis in high glucose-stimulated podocytes, which was associated with improved lysosome function and autophagy. Accordingly, adenovirus vector encoding constitutively active GSK3β (Ad-GSK3β-S9A) offset whereas small interfering RNA against GSK3β (GSK3β siRNA) recapitulated salutary effects of HGF on lysosome number and autophagy in podocytes. These results suggested that HGF protected against diabetic nephropathy through restoring podocyte autophagy, which at least partially involved PI3K/Akt-GSK3β-TFEB axis-mediated lysosomal function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yankun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Congying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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29
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Attanasio S, Ferriero R, Gernoux G, De Cegli R, Carissimo A, Nusco E, Campione S, Teckman J, Mueller C, Piccolo P, Brunetti-Pierri N. CHOP and c-JUN up-regulate the mutant Z α 1-antitrypsin, exacerbating its aggregation and liver proteotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13213-13223. [PMID: 32723872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) encoded by the SERPINA1 gene is an acute-phase protein synthesized in the liver and secreted into the circulation. Its primary role is to protect lung tissue by inhibiting neutrophil elastase. The Z allele of SERPINA1 encodes a mutant AAT, named ATZ, that changes the protein structure and leads to its misfolding and polymerization, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and liver disease through a gain-of-function toxic mechanism. Hepatic retention of ATZ results in deficiency of one of the most important circulating proteinase inhibitors and predisposes to early-onset emphysema through a loss-of-function mechanism. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the liver disease are not completely understood. C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor induced by ER stress, was found among the most up-regulated genes in livers of PiZ mice that express ATZ and in human livers of patients homozygous for the Z allele. Compared with controls, juvenile PiZ/Chop -/- mice showed reduced hepatic ATZ and a transcriptional response indicative of decreased ER stress by RNA-Seq analysis. Livers of PiZ/Chop -/- mice also showed reduced SERPINA1 mRNA levels. By chromatin immunoprecipitations and luciferase reporter-based transfection assays, CHOP was found to up-regulate SERPINA1 cooperating with c-JUN, which was previously shown to up-regulate SERPINA1, thus aggravating hepatic accumulation of ATZ. Increased CHOP levels were detected in diseased livers of children homozygous for the Z allele. In summary, CHOP and c-JUN up-regulate SERPINA1 transcription and play an important role in hepatic disease by increasing the burden of proteotoxic ATZ, particularly in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Ferriero
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gwladys Gernoux
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Annamaria Carissimo
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "Mauro Picone" National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Jeffrey Teckman
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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30
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Zhang W, Li X, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu H. Regulation of TFEB activity and its potential as a therapeutic target against kidney diseases. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:32. [PMID: 32377395 PMCID: PMC7195473 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates the expression of target genes bearing the Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation (CLEAR) motif, thereby modulating autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, TFEB can bind to the promoter of autophagy-associated genes and induce the formation of autophagosomes, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal cargo degradation. An increasing number of studies have shown that TFEB stimulates the intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors by enhancing autophagy and lysosomal function in multiple kidney diseases, such as cystinosis, acute kidney injury, and diabetic nephropathy. Taken together, this highlights the importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies against kidney diseases based on TFEB regulation. In this review, we present an overview of the current data on TFEB and its implication in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Yanse Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
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31
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Li B, Clohisey SM, Chia BS, Wang B, Cui A, Eisenhaure T, Schweitzer LD, Hoover P, Parkinson NJ, Nachshon A, Smith N, Regan T, Farr D, Gutmann MU, Bukhari SI, Law A, Sangesland M, Gat-Viks I, Digard P, Vasudevan S, Lingwood D, Dockrell DH, Doench JG, Baillie JK, Hacohen N. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies host dependency factors for influenza A virus infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:164. [PMID: 31919360 PMCID: PMC6952391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Host dependency factors that are required for influenza A virus infection may serve as therapeutic targets as the virus is less likely to bypass them under drug-mediated selection pressure. Previous attempts to identify host factors have produced largely divergent results, with few overlapping hits across different studies. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and devise a new approach, meta-analysis by information content (MAIC) to systematically combine our results with prior evidence for influenza host factors. MAIC out-performs other meta-analysis methods when using our CRISPR screen as validation data. We validate the host factors, WDR7, CCDC115 and TMEM199, demonstrating that these genes are essential for viral entry and regulation of V-type ATPase assembly. We also find that CMTR1, a human mRNA cap methyltransferase, is required for efficient viral cap snatching and regulation of a cell autonomous immune response, and provides synergistic protection with the influenza endonuclease inhibitor Xofluza. Here, Li et al. perform a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify host dependency factors for influenza A virus infection and show that the host mRNA cap methyltransferase CMTR1 is important for viral cap snatching and that it affects expression of antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Harvard University Virology Program, Harvfvard Medical School, Boston, MA02142, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sara M Clohisey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bing Shao Chia
- Harvard University Virology Program, Harvfvard Medical School, Boston, MA02142, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Eisenhaure
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Paul Hoover
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Aharon Nachshon
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikki Smith
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tim Regan
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - David Farr
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Michael U Gutmann
- School of informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Syed Irfan Bukhari
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Law
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maya Sangesland
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Digard
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Shobha Vasudevan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David H Dockrell
- MRC Center for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK. .,Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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32
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Hazari Y, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Hetz C, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Autophagy in hepatic adaptation to stress. J Hepatol 2020; 72:183-196. [PMID: 31849347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient process whereby eukaryotic cells eliminate disposable or potentially dangerous cytoplasmic material, to support bioenergetic metabolism and adapt to stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy operates as a critical quality control mechanism for the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis in both parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal (stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells) compartments. In line with this notion, insufficient autophagy has been aetiologically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple liver disorders, including alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we critically discuss the importance of functional autophagy for hepatic physiology, as well as the mechanisms whereby defects in autophagy cause liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Hazari
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:101-118. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Soria LR, Nitzahn M, Angelis AD, Khoja S, Attanasio S, Annunziata P, Palmer DJ, Ng P, Lipshutz GS, Brunetti-Pierri N. Hepatic glutamine synthetase augmentation enhances ammonia detoxification. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:1128-1135. [PMID: 30724386 PMCID: PMC6684872 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The urea cycle and glutamine synthetase (GS) are the two main pathways for waste nitrogen removal and their deficiency results in hyperammonemia. Here, we investigated the efficacy of liver-specific GS overexpression for therapy of hyperammonemia. To achieve hepatic GS overexpression, we generated a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector expressing the murine GS under the control of a liver-specific expression cassette (HDAd-GS). Compared to mice injected with a control vector expressing an unrelated reporter gene (HDAd-alpha-fetoprotein), wild-type mice with increased hepatic GS showed reduced blood ammonia levels and a concomitant increase of blood glutamine after intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride, whereas blood urea was unaffected. Moreover, injection of HDAd-GS reduced blood ammonia levels at baseline and protected against acute hyperammonemia following ammonia challenge in a mouse model with conditional hepatic deficiency of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1), the initial and rate-limiting step of ureagenesis. In summary, we found that upregulation of hepatic GS reduced hyperammonemia in wild-type and Cps1-deficient mice, thus confirming a key role of GS in ammonia detoxification. These results suggest that hepatic GS augmentation therapy has potential for treatment of both primary and secondary forms of hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Nitzahn
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Suhail Khoja
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Donna J. Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Gerald S. Lipshutz
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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35
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Sun Z, Brodsky JL. Protein quality control in the secretory pathway. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3171-3187. [PMID: 31537714 PMCID: PMC6781448 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is inherently error prone, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Even with an elaborate network of molecular chaperones and protein folding facilitators, misfolding can occur quite frequently. To maintain protein homeostasis, eukaryotes have evolved a series of protein quality-control checkpoints. When secretory pathway quality-control pathways fail, stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), are induced. In addition, the ER, which is the initial hub of protein biogenesis in the secretory pathway, triages misfolded proteins by delivering substrates to the proteasome or to the lysosome/vacuole through ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-phagy. Some misfolded proteins escape the ER and are instead selected for Golgi quality control. These substrates are targeted for degradation after retrieval to the ER or delivery to the lysosome/vacuole. Here, we discuss how these guardian pathways function, how their activities intersect upon induction of the UPR, and how decisions are made to dispose of misfolded proteins in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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36
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Imanikia S, Özbey NP, Krueger C, Casanueva MO, Taylor RC. Neuronal XBP-1 Activates Intestinal Lysosomes to Improve Proteostasis in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2322-2338.e7. [PMID: 31303493 PMCID: PMC6658570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is a crucial mediator of secretory pathway homeostasis. Expression of the spliced and active form of the UPRER transcription factor XBP-1, XBP-1s, in the nervous system triggers activation of the UPRER in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through release of a secreted signal, leading to increased longevity. We find that expression of XBP-1s in the neurons or intestine of the worm strikingly improves proteostasis in multiple tissues, through increased clearance of toxic proteins. To identify the mechanisms behind this enhanced proteostasis, we conducted intestine-specific RNA-seq analysis to identify genes upregulated in the intestine when XBP-1s is expressed in neurons. This revealed that neuronal XBP-1s increases the expression of genes involved in lysosome function. Lysosomes in the intestine of animals expressing neuronal XBP-1s are more acidic, and lysosomal protease activity is higher. Moreover, intestinal lysosome function is necessary for enhanced lifespan and proteostasis. These findings suggest that activation of the UPRER in the intestine through neuronal signaling can increase the activity of lysosomes, leading to extended longevity and improved proteostasis across tissues. Xbp-1s expressed in the neurons or intestine of C. elegans improves proteostasis Neuronal xbp-1s drives expression of lysosomal genes in the intestine Intestinal lysosomes show enhanced acidity and activity upon xbp-1s expression Lysosome function is required for xbp-1s to increase proteostasis and longevity
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Neşem P Özbey
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christel Krueger
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Taylor
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Di Malta C, Cinque L, Settembre C. Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy: Mechanisms and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:114. [PMID: 31312633 PMCID: PMC6614182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macro (Autophagy) is a catabolic process that relies on the cooperative function of two organelles: the lysosome and the autophagosome. The recent discovery of a transcriptional gene network that co-regulates the biogenesis and function of these two organelles, and the identification of transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic regulators of autophagy, demonstrated that this catabolic process is controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In this review article, we discuss the nuclear events that control autophagy, focusing particularly on the role of the MiT/TFE transcription factor family. In addition, we will discuss evidence suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of autophagy could be targeted for the treatment of human genetic diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cinque
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Huang J, Wang X, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhu Y, Wu J, Qin Z, Xiang M, Lin F. Exercise activates lysosomal function in the brain through AMPK-SIRT1-TFEB pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:796-807. [PMID: 30864262 PMCID: PMC6515701 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of exercise on lysosomal functions. METHODS Mouse exercise model was established and wheel running was scheduled as 18 rpm (14:00-17:00), 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks. Mice were injected EX527 to inhibit SIRT1 activity. The protein level was assayed with Western blot and immunofluorescence histochemistry. The transmission electron microscopic examination was used to show the structure of lysosome and mitochondria. RESULTS Exercise promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB in the cortex which upregulated the transcription of genes associated with autophagy and lysosome. Exercise directly activated autophagy/lysosome system via up-regulating of AMPK-SIRT1 signaling. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 decreased TFEB regulated gene transcription but had little effect on the nuclear translocation of TFEB. In addition, long-term exercise showed more significant effects on activation of lysosomes biogenesis compared with the short-term exercise and trehalose, a classical autophagy activator in the mTOR-independent pathway. CONCLUSION Running exercise activates lysosomal function in the brain through AMPK-SIRT1-TFEB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Yu‐Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Jun‐Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Zheng‐Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
| | - Min Xiang
- Suzhou Vocation Health collegeSuZhouChina
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703)Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSu ZhouChina
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Lysosome motility and distribution: Relevance in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1076-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-eating catabolic pathway that contributes to liver homeostasis through its role in energy balance and in the quality control of the cytoplasm, by removing misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and lipid droplets. Autophagy not only regulates hepatocyte functions but also impacts on non-parenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells. Deregulation of autophagy has been linked to many liver diseases and its modulation is now recognized as a potential new therapeutic strategy. Indeed, enhancing autophagy may prevent the progression of a number of liver diseases, including storage disorders (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson's disease), acute liver injury, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic alcohol-related liver disease. Nevertheless, in some situations such as fibrosis, targeting specific liver cells must be considered, as autophagy displays opposing functions depending on the cell type. In addition, an optimal therapeutic time-window should be identified, since autophagy might be beneficial in the initial stages of disease, but detrimental at more advanced stages, as in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, identifying biomarkers of autophagy and methods to monitor autophagic flux in vivo are important steps for the future development of personalized autophagy-targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an update on the regulatory role of autophagy in various aspects of liver pathophysiology, describing the different strategies to manipulate autophagy and discussing the potential to modulate autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in the context of liver diseases.
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Isoginkgetin, a Natural Biflavonoid Proteasome Inhibitor, Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Apoptosis via Disruption of Lysosomal Homeostasis and Impaired Protein Clearance. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00489-18. [PMID: 30910794 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00489-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation pathways are critical for maintaining proper protein dynamics within the cell, and considerable efforts have been made toward the development of therapeutics targeting these catabolic processes. We report here that isoginkgetin, a naturally derived biflavonoid, sensitized cells undergoing nutrient starvation to apoptosis, induced lysosomal stress, and activated the lysosome biogenesis gene TFEB Isoginkgetin treatment led to the accumulation of aggregates of polyubiquitinated proteins that colocalized strongly with the adaptor protein p62, the 20S proteasome, and the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) protein UFD1L. Isoginkgetin directly inhibited the chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like activities of the 20S proteasome and impaired NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the molecule may display its biological activity in part through proteasome inhibition. Importantly, isoginkgetin was effective at killing multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines in vitro and displayed a higher rate of cell death induction than the clinically approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. We propose that isoginkgetin disturbs protein homeostasis, leading to an excess of protein cargo that places a burden on the lysosomes/autophagic machinery, eventually leading to cancer cell death.
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Bajaj L, Lotfi P, Pal R, di Ronza A, Sharma J, Sardiello M. Lysosome biogenesis in health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 148:573-589. [PMID: 30092616 PMCID: PMC6368902 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the pathways that regulate lysosome biogenesis and that are implicated in numerous degenerative storage diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomal proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficked to the endolysosomal system through the secretory route. Several receptors have been characterized that execute post-Golgi trafficking of lysosomal proteins. Some of them recognize their cargo proteins based on specific amino acid signatures, others based on a particular glycan modification that is exclusively found on lysosomal proteins. Nearly all receptors serving lysosome biogenesis are under the transcriptional control of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the lysosomal system. TFEB coordinates the expression of lysosomal hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins, and autophagy proteins in response to pathways sensing lysosomal stress and the nutritional conditions of the cell among other stimuli. TFEB is primed for activation in lysosomal storage disorders but surprisingly its function is impaired in some late-onset neurodegenerative storage diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, because of specific detrimental interactions that limit TFEB expression or activation. Thus, disrupted TFEB function presumably plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Multiple studies in animal models of degenerative storage diseases have shown that exogenous expression of TFEB and pharmacological activation of endogenous TFEB attenuate disease phenotypes. These results highlight TFEB-mediated enhancement of lysosomal biogenesis and function as a candidate strategy to counteract the progression of these diseases. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Xu S, Sui S, Zhang X, Pang B, Wan L, Pang D. Modulation of autophagy in human diseases strategies to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1953-1999. [PMID: 30820989 DOI: 10.1002/med.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is central to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis across species. Accordingly, autophagy disorders are linked to a variety of diseases from the embryonic stage until death, and the role of autophagy as a therapeutic target has been widely recognized. However, autophagy-associated therapy for human diseases is still in its infancy and is supported by limited evidence. In this review, we summarize the landscape of autophagy-associated diseases and current autophagy modulators. Furthermore, we investigate the existing autophagy-associated clinical trials, analyze the obstacles that limit their progress, offer tactics that may allow barriers to be overcome along the way and then discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boran Pang
- Department of Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasm, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjcontrary, induction of autophagy elongiang, China
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Ke PY. Diverse Functions of Autophagy in Liver Physiology and Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E300. [PMID: 30642133 PMCID: PMC6358975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process by which eukaryotic cells eliminate cytosolic materials through vacuole-mediated sequestration and subsequent delivery to lysosomes for degradation, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis and the integrity of organelles. Autophagy has emerged as playing a critical role in the regulation of liver physiology and the balancing of liver metabolism. Conversely, numerous recent studies have indicated that autophagy may disease-dependently participate in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, such as liver hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functions of autophagy in hepatic metabolism and the contribution of autophagy to the pathophysiology of liver-related diseases. Moreover, the impacts of autophagy modulation on the amelioration of the development and progression of liver diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
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45
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Weiskirchen R, Tacke F. Relevance of Autophagy in Parenchymal and Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells for Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E16. [PMID: 30609663 PMCID: PMC6357193 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular process for the ordered degradation and recycling of cellular components in lysosomes. In the liver, parenchymal cells (i.e., mainly hepatocytes) utilize autophagy to provide amino acids, glucose, and free fatty acids as sources of energy and biosynthesis functions, but also for recycling and controlling organelles such as mitochondria. Non-parenchymal cells of the liver, including endothelial cells, macrophages (Kupffer cells), and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), also employ autophagy, either for maintaining cellular homeostasis (macrophages, endothelium) or for providing energy for their activation (stellate cells). In hepatocytes, autophagy contributes to essential homeostatic functions (e.g., gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, fatty acid oxidation), but is also implicated in diseases. For instance, storage disorders (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson's disease), metabolic (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), and toxic (alcohol) liver diseases may benefit from augmenting autophagy in hepatocytes. In hepatic fibrosis, autophagy has been implicated in the fibrogenic activation of HSC to collagen-producing myofibroblasts. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), autophagy may contribute to tumor surveillance as well as invasiveness, indicating a dual and stage-dependent function in cancer. As many drugs directly or indirectly modulate autophagy, it is intriguing to investigate autophagy-targeting, possibly even cell type-directed strategies for the treatment of hereditary liver diseases, NASH, fibrosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
In homozygous ZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, the liver synthesizes large quantities of AAT mutant Z, which folds improperly during biogenesis and is retained within the hepatocytes and directed into intracellular proteolysis pathways. These intracellular polymers trigger an injury cascade, which can lead to liver injury. This is highly variable and not all patients develop liver disease. Although not fully described, there is likely a strong influence of genetic and environmental modifiers of the injury cascade and of the fibrotic response. With improved understanding of liver injury mechanisms, new strategies for treatment are now being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Teckman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Kim HJ, Joe Y, Rah SY, Kim SK, Park SU, Park J, Kim J, Ryu J, Cho GJ, Surh YJ, Ryter SW, Kim UH, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide-induced TFEB nuclear translocation enhances mitophagy/mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocytes and ameliorates inflammatory liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 30333475 PMCID: PMC6193007 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) can confer protection against cellular stress, whereas the potential involvement of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate here that the activation of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) with CO increased the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). PERK activation by CO increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the phosphatase activity of calcineurin against TFEB. Moreover, we found that in the deficiency of TFEB, CO not only failed to recruit Parkin to the mitochondria but also failed to increase expression of lysosomal genes such as Lamp1, CathB, and TPP1. Therefore, we suggest that CO increases mitophagy through TFEB nuclear translocation by PERK-calcinuerin activation. In addition, the inhibition of TFEB with siRNA against TFEB abrogated the increase of mtDNA with CO, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM, and the mitochondrial proteins COX II, COX IV, and cytochrome c. To investigate the effects of CO on mitochondrial homeostasis in vivo, mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN). CO inhalation reduced liver injury after challenge with LPS/GalN. Furthermore, CO inhalation increased TFEB activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice treated with LPS/GalN. Our findings describe novel mechanisms underlying CO-dependent cytoprotection in hepatocytes and liver tissue via activation of TFEB-dependent mitophagy and associated induction of both lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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Fregno I, Fasana E, Bergmann TJ, Raimondi A, Loi M, Soldà T, Galli C, D'Antuono R, Morone D, Danieli A, Paganetti P, van Anken E, Molinari M. ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation of proteasome-resistant ATZ polymers occurs via receptor-mediated vesicular transport. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99259. [PMID: 30076131 PMCID: PMC6120659 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular proteostasis relies on efficient clearance of defective gene products. For misfolded secretory proteins, this involves dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the cytosol followed by proteasomal degradation. However, polypeptide aggregation prevents cytosolic dislocation and instead activates ill-defined lysosomal catabolic pathways. Here, we describe an ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation pathway (ERLAD) for proteasome-resistant polymers of alpha1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ). ERLAD involves the ER-chaperone calnexin (CNX) and the engagement of the LC3 lipidation machinery by the ER-resident ER-phagy receptor FAM134B, echoing the initiation of starvation-induced, receptor-mediated ER-phagy. However, in striking contrast to ER-phagy, ATZ polymer delivery from the ER lumen to LAMP1/RAB7-positive endolysosomes for clearance does not require ER capture within autophagosomes. Rather, it relies on vesicular transport where single-membrane, ER-derived, ATZ-containing vesicles release their luminal content within endolysosomes upon membrane:membrane fusion events mediated by the ER-resident SNARE STX17 and the endolysosomal SNARE VAMP8. These results may help explain the lack of benefits of pharmacologic macroautophagy enhancement that has been reported for some luminal aggregopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fregno
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Fasana
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Bergmann
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Loi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carmela Galli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Danieli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Khambu B, Yan S, Huda N, Liu G, Yin XM. Autophagy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2018; 2:112-119. [PMID: 31123622 PMCID: PMC6528826 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradative function that is important for liver homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy is deregulated during the progression and development of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. Impaired autophagy prevents the clearance of excessive lipid droplets (LDs), damaged mitochondria, and toxic protein aggregates, which can be generated during the progression of various liver diseases, thus contributing to the development of steatosis, injury, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and tumors. In this review, we look at the status of hepatic autophagy during the pathogenesis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. We also examine the mechanisms of defects in autophagy, and the hepato-protective roles of autophagy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), focusing mainly on steatosis and liver injury. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulating agents for the treatment of these two common liver diseases.
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50
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Wang XY, Liu WL. Mechanism of autophagy in liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1415-1422. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i23.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent catabolic process which degrades cell components, including proteins and lipids, in order to recycle substrates to exert optimally and adapt to tough circumstances. It is an important mechanism for the body to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment. Liver fibrosis refers to the excessive proliferation and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix components in the liver tissue, resulting in pathological changes in liver structure and function abnormalities, which is seen in chronic liver diseases of many different causes. In this article, we summarizes the role of autophagy in hepatic fibrosis as well as the relevant signaling pathways to reveal the mechanism of autophagy in hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-Lan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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