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Sadek M, Stover KR, Liu X, Reed MA, Weaver DF, Reid AY. IDO-1 inhibition improves outcome after fluid percussion injury in adult male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25338. [PMID: 38706427 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) which produces both neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Neuroinflammatory signals produced as a result of pathological conditions can increase production of IDO1 and boost its enzymatic capacity. IDO1 and the KP have been implicated in behavioral recovery after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their roles in experimental models of TBI are for the most part unknown. We hypothesized there is an increase in KP activity in the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of TBI, and that administration of an IDO1 inhibitor will improve neurological recovery. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to FPI or sham injury and received twice-daily oral administration of the IDO1 inhibitor PF-06840003 (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. FPI resulted in a significant increase in KP activity, as demonstrated by an increased ratio of kynurenine: tryptophan, in the perilesional neocortex and ipsilateral hippocampus 3 days postinjury (DPI), which normalized by 7 DPI. The increase in KP activity was prevented by PF-06840003. IDO1 inhibition also improved memory performance as assessed in the Barnes maze and anxiety behaviors as assessed in open field testing in the first 28 DPI. These results suggest increased KP activity after FPI may mediate neurological dysfunction, and IDO1 inhibition should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Sadek
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt R Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aylin Y Reid
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Pease M, Gupta K, Moshé SL, Correa DJ, Galanopoulou AS, Okonkwo DO, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Shutter L, Diaz-Arrastia R, Castellano JF. Insights into epileptogenesis from post-traumatic epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:298-312. [PMID: 38570704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) accounts for 5% of all epilepsies. The incidence of PTE after traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the severity of injury, approaching one in three in groups with the most severe injuries. The repeated seizures that characterize PTE impair neurological recovery and increase the risk of poor outcomes after TBI. Given this high risk of recurrent seizures and the relatively short latency period for their development after injury, PTE serves as a model disease to understand human epileptogenesis and trial novel anti-epileptogenic therapies. Epileptogenesis is the process whereby previously normal brain tissue becomes prone to recurrent abnormal electrical activity, ultimately resulting in seizures. In this Review, we describe the clinical course of PTE and highlight promising research into epileptogenesis and treatment using animal models of PTE. Clinical, imaging, EEG and fluid biomarkers are being developed to aid the identification of patients at high risk of PTE who might benefit from anti-epileptogenic therapies. Studies in preclinical models of PTE have identified tractable pathways and novel therapeutic strategies that can potentially prevent epilepsy, which remain to be validated in humans. In addition to improving outcomes after TBI, advances in PTE research are likely to provide therapeutic insights that are relevant to all epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pease
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Kunal Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Correa
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Lori Shutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Yang W, Tang CY, Fan DY, Wang YS, Wang PG, An J, Luan GM. Mice with type I interferon signaling deficiency are prone to epilepsy upon HSV-1 infection. Virol Sin 2024; 39:251-263. [PMID: 38219860 PMCID: PMC11074648 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral encephalitis continues to be a significant public health concern. In our previous study, we discovered a lower expression of antiviral factors, such as IFN-β, STING and IFI16, in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a rare chronic neurological disorder often occurred in children, characterized by unihemispheric brain atrophy. Furthermore, a higher cumulative viral score of human herpes viruses (HHVs) was also found to have a significant positive correlation with the unihemispheric atrophy in RE. Type I IFNs (IFN-I) signaling is essential for innate anti-infection response by binding to IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR). In this study, we infected WT mice and IFNAR-deficient A6 mice with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) via periocular injection to investigate the relationship between IFN-I signaling and HHVs-induced brain lesions. While all mice exhibited typical viral encephalitis lesions in their brains, HSV-induced epilepsy was only observed in A6 mice. The gene expression matrix, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network revealed four gene models that were positively related with HSV-induced epilepsy. Additionally, ten key genes with the highest scores were identified. Taken together, these findings indicate that intact IFN-I signaling can effectively limit HHVs induced neural symptoms and brain lesions, thereby confirming the positive correlation between IFN-I signaling repression and brain atrophy in RE and other HHVs encephalitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Mice
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/virology
- Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/pathology
- Epilepsy/virology
- Epilepsy/pathology
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpes Simplex/pathology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi-Song Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing An
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Kajevu N, Lipponen A, Andrade P, Bañuelos I, Puhakka N, Hämäläinen E, Natunen T, Hiltunen M, Pitkänen A. Treatment of Status Epilepticus after Traumatic Brain Injury Using an Antiseizure Drug Combined with a Tissue Recovery Enhancer Revealed by Systems Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14049. [PMID: 37762352 PMCID: PMC10531083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested a hypothesis that in silico-discovered compounds targeting traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced transcriptomics dysregulations will mitigate TBI-induced molecular pathology and augment the effect of co-administered antiseizure treatment, thereby alleviating functional impairment. In silico bioinformatic analysis revealed five compounds substantially affecting TBI-induced transcriptomics regulation, including calpain inhibitor, chlorpromazine, geldanamycin, tranylcypromine, and trichostatin A (TSA). In vitro exposure of neuronal-BV2-microglial co-cultures to compounds revealed that TSA had the best overall neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo assessment in a rat TBI model revealed that TSA as a monotherapy (1 mg/kg/d) or in combination with the antiseizure drug levetiracetam (LEV 150 mg/kg/d) mildly mitigated the increase in plasma levels of the neurofilament subunit pNF-H and cortical lesion area. The percentage of rats with seizures during 0-72 h post-injury was reduced in the following order: TBI-vehicle 80%, TBI-TSA (1 mg/kg) 86%, TBI-LEV (54 mg/kg) 50%, TBI-LEV (150 mg/kg) 40% (p < 0.05 vs. TBI-vehicle), and TBI-LEV (150 mg/kg) combined with TSA (1 mg/kg) 30% (p < 0.05). Cumulative seizure duration was reduced in the following order: TBI-vehicle 727 ± 688 s, TBI-TSA 898 ± 937 s, TBI-LEV (54 mg/kg) 358 ± 715 s, TBI-LEV (150 mg/kg) 42 ± 64 (p < 0.05 vs. TBI-vehicle), and TBI-LEV (150 mg/kg) combined with TSA (1 mg/kg) 109 ± 282 s (p < 0.05). This first preclinical intervention study on post-TBI acute seizures shows that a combination therapy with the tissue recovery enhancer TSA and LEV was safe but exhibited no clear benefit over LEV monotherapy on antiseizure efficacy. A longer follow-up is needed to confirm the possible beneficial effects of LEV monotherapy and combination therapy with TSA on chronic post-TBI structural and functional outcomes, including epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallie Kajevu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivette Bañuelos
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Hämäläinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Saletti PG, Mowrey WB, Liu W, Li Q, McCullough J, Aniceto R, Lin I, Eklund M, Casillas‐Espinosa PM, Ali I, Santana‐Gomez C, Coles L, Shultz SR, Jones N, Staba R, O'Brien TJ, Moshé SL, Agoston DV, Galanopoulou AS. Early preclinical plasma protein biomarkers of brain trauma are influenced by early seizures and levetiracetam. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:586-608. [PMID: 37026764 PMCID: PMC10235584 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) model of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to identify early plasma biomarkers predicting injury, early post-traumatic seizures or neuromotor functional recovery (neuroscores), considering the effect of levetiracetam, which is commonly given after severe TBI. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left parietal LFPI, received levetiracetam (200 mg/kg bolus, 200 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 7 days [7d]) or vehicle post-LFPI, and were continuously video-EEG recorded (n = 14/group). Sham (craniotomy only, n = 6), and naïve controls (n = 10) were also used. Neuroscores and plasma collection were done at 2d or 7d post-LFPI or equivalent timepoints in sham/naïve. Plasma protein biomarker levels were determined by reverse phase protein microarray and classified according to injury severity (LFPI vs. sham/control), levetiracetam treatment, early seizures, and 2d-to-7d neuroscore recovery, using machine learning. RESULTS Low 2d plasma levels of Thr231 -phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU-Thr231 ) and S100B combined (ROC AUC = 0.7790) predicted prior craniotomy surgery (diagnostic biomarker). Levetiracetam-treated LFPI rats were differentiated from vehicle treated by the 2d-HMGB1, 2d-pTAU-Thr231 , and 2d-UCHL1 plasma levels combined (ROC AUC = 0.9394) (pharmacodynamic biomarker). Levetiracetam prevented the seizure effects on two biomarkers that predicted early seizures only among vehicle-treated LFPI rats: pTAU-Thr231 (ROC AUC = 1) and UCHL1 (ROC AUC = 0.8333) (prognostic biomarker of early seizures among vehicle-treated LFPI rats). Levetiracetam-resistant early seizures were predicted by high 2d-IFNγ plasma levels (ROC AUC = 0.8750) (response biomarker). 2d-to-7d neuroscore recovery was best predicted by higher 2d-S100B, lower 2d-HMGB1, and 2d-to-7d increase in HMGB1 or decrease in TNF (P < 0.05) (prognostic biomarkers). SIGNIFICANCE Antiseizure medications and early seizures need to be considered in the interpretation of early post-traumatic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G. Saletti
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Wenzhu B. Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Wei Liu
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Qianyun Li
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jesse McCullough
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and GeneticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Roxanne Aniceto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and GeneticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - I‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and GeneticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and GeneticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Pablo M. Casillas‐Espinosa
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Lisa Coles
- University of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nigel Jones
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Department of NeuroscienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Solomon L. Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Denes V. Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and GeneticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Aristea S. Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental EpilepsyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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