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de Oliveira J, Ferro J, Guimarães VHD, da Luz FQ. Try not to think about food: An association between fasting, binge eating and food cravings. J Natl Med Assoc 2024:S0027-9684(24)00209-8. [PMID: 39426909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When individuals follow a diet or limit their food intake, they activate cognitive restraint, which is defined as a mental effort to restrict dietary behavior with the goal of losing weight. As an example, fasting has also been associated with the recruitment of cognitive restraint, but further research is needed to fully understand its underlying mechanisms. AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the duration of fasting and disordered eating, such as food cravings, binge eating, and potential changes in eating habits. METHODS An online survey was conducted among 853 first-semester university students to investigate their fasting practices and frequency over a three-month period prior to data collection. Participants who were on diets were excluded (n=214). After controlling the sample for biases, a comparison was made between 89 fasters and 369 non-fasters. The study compared levels of cognitive restraint, binge eating, food cravings, and consumption of 'forbidden' foods. A Poisson model was used to examine the association between hours of fasting and disordered eating traits. In the context of this study, the rate ratio was used to examine the relationship between fasting hours and disordered eating characteristics, such as binge eating and food cravings. RESULTS The study found that fasters experienced an increase in food cravings and binge eating. However, fasters consumed fewer bread slices than non-fasters. The rate ratio of fasting hours practiced is 115% higher among binge eaters (RR 2.15; CI95% 1.70-2.73) compared to those who did not binge. The rate ratio of fasting hours is 29% higher in participants with moderate binge eating (RR 1.29; CI95% 1.05-1.59), increasing to 140% (RR 2.40; CI95% 1.86-3.11) in people with severe binge eating. As for food cravings (state), the rate ratio was 2% higher (RR 1.02; CI 95% 1.01-1.03) for each increase in the unit of the scale. CONCLUSIONS Our study has indicated that fasting is positively associated with increased levels of binge eating and food cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil; Institute for Research on Behavior and Food, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - João Ferro
- Institute for Research on Behavior and Food, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Institute for Research on Behavior and Food, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Av. Cula Mangabeira, 562, Montes Claros, MG 39401-001, Brazil
| | - Felipe Quinto da Luz
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, SP 01246-903, Brazil
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de Oliveira J. Comments on "Anorexia nervosa: An addiction? Application of the addiction model to eating". L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00143-X. [PMID: 39244502 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Research on Behavior and Food, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Linardon J. Identifying factors that predict the onset and persistence of fasting for weight control: Prospective findings. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:1016-1025. [PMID: 38809806 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fasting for weight control is an under-studied behaviour implicated in eating disorders. However, little is known about what factors account for its onset and persistence. METHOD This study sought to identify risk and maintenance factors for fasting among 1025 women recruited through an eating disorder self-help platform who completed study measures at baseline and 6 month follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to test which variables at baseline predicted the onset (vs. stably asymptomatic) and persistence (vs. remission) of fasting at follow-up. RESULTS Univariate models showed that higher baseline overvaluation, dissatisfaction, fear of weight gain, generalised and social anxiety, depression, self-esteem deficits and eating disorder symptoms (inflexible eating rules, driven exercise) predicted greater likelihood of fasting onset. Only fear of weight gain and depressive symptoms remained significant in the multivariate model. Higher baseline overvaluation, fear of weight gain, driven exercise, inflexible eating rules, and depression predicted greater likelihood of fasting persistence in univariate models. An adherence to inflexible eating rules and overvaluation remained significant in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION Findings shed new light on factors that may account for the development and maintenance of fasting, which have implications for guiding effective interventions targeting this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Hosseini E, Ammar A, Josephson JK, Gibson DL, Askari G, Bragazzi NL, Trabelsi K, Schöllhorn WI, Mokhtari Z. Fasting diets: what are the impacts on eating behaviors, sleep, mood, and well-being? Front Nutr 2024; 10:1256101. [PMID: 38264193 PMCID: PMC10803520 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1256101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting diets (FDs) have drawn great attention concerning their contribution to health and disease over the last decade. Despite considerable interest in FDs, the effect of fasting diets on eating behaviors, sleep, and mood-essential components of diet satisfaction and mental health- has not been addressed comprehensively. Understanding the critical role that fasting plays in these elements will open up potential treatment avenues that have not yet been explored. The aim of the present paper was to conduct a comprehensive critical review exploring the effects of fasting on eating behaviors, sleep, and mood. There is currently a lack of clarity regarding which fasting option yields the most advantageous effects, and there is also a scarcity of consistent trials that assess the effects of FDs in a comparable manner. Similarly, the effects and/or treatment options for utilizing FDs to modify eating and sleep behaviors and enhance mood are still poorly understood. Further researches aiming at understanding the impacts of various fasting regimes, providing new insights into the gut-brain axis and offering new treatment avenues for those with resistant anxiety and depression, are warranted. Alteration of eating behaviors can have lasting effects on various physiological parameters. The use of fasting cures can underpin ancient knowledge with scientific evidence to form a new approach to the prevention and treatment of problems associated with co-morbidities or challenges pertaining to eating behaviors. Therefore, a thorough examination of the various fasting regimens and how they impact disease patterns is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Davis HA, Smith ZR, Smith GT. Longitudinal transactions between negative urgency and fasting predict binge eating. Appetite 2024; 192:107113. [PMID: 37924849 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Fasting and negative urgency (the disposition to act rashly when distressed) are risk factors for binge eating. It may be that each influences the other over time to predict binge eating. OBJECTIVE This study tested whether (1) fasting predicts binge eating through negative urgency, and (2) negative urgency predicts binge eating through fasting. METHOD Path analysis and mediation tests were used to investigate objectives in n = 302 college women assessed three times over eight months. We controlled for each variable at the previous time point, and concurrent negative affect and body mass index at each time point. RESULTS Time 1 (T1) fasting predicted elevated negative urgency three months later at Time 2 (T2) and T2 negative urgency predicted increases in binge eating five months later at Time 3 (T3). T2 negative urgency mediated the relationship between T1 fasting and T3 binge eating. T1 negative urgency predicted increases in T2 fasting, which then predicted increases in T3 binge eating. T2 fasting mediated the relationship between T1 negative urgency and T3 binge eating. DISCUSSION Findings suggest fasting and negative urgency transact to predict binge eating among college women. Interventions targeting negative urgency may prevent or reduce both fasting and binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.
| | - Zoe R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, USA
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de Oliveira J, Stelmo IDC, Figueredo LS, de Freitas CC. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet in the treatment of adaptive thermogenesis: A case report. Nutrition 2024; 117:112252. [PMID: 37897984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of the phenomenon of adaptive thermogenesis poses a challenge to the successful treatment of overweight/obesity with a nutritional intervention that minimizes the loss of muscle mass, with little cognitive restraint use and disorganization of eating behavior. On the other hand, it creates a significant calorie deficit for the reduction of body fat. The aim of this case report was to discuss the effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet in a woman with obesity and low resting metabolic rate. CASE DESCRIPTION A 36-y-old white woman with a history of obesity and bulimia nervosa who has had difficulty losing and maintaining weight despite numerous dietary and pharmacologic treatments. RESULTS There was a loss of 12 kg in 115 d, reaching 13.4 kg, with 11.4 kg of fat mass (FM). The resting metabolic rate showed an increase of 79% in relation to the initial rate, reaching normal levels for the predictive equations and maintaining this level in the first-year follow-up. Additionally, improvement of metabolic laboratory parameters and eating behavior traits were described. CONCLUSIONS In this specific case of bulimia nervosa resulting in hypometabolism (low resting metabolic rate/fat-free mass) and obesity, the very low-calorie ketogenic diet intervention has demonstrated a possibility of weight loss with little cognitive restraint use, thereby increasing resting metabolic rate in the short and medium terms, ultimately promoting a negative energy balance. In relation to the numeric results, it seems positive; however, more research is necessary to evaluate the effects on the overall relationship with food and its long-term repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leandro Silva Figueredo
- A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo - R. Maestro Cardim, São Paulo - SP 01323-001, Brazil
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Silverii GA, Cresci B, Benvenuti F, Santagiuliana F, Rotella F, Mannucci E. Effectiveness of intermittent fasting for weight loss in individuals with obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1481-1489. [PMID: 37248144 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether intermittent fasting (IF) diets are associated with improvement in weight loss, metabolic parameters, and subjective well-being, in people with obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials longer than 2 months, retrieved through an extensive search on MedLine, Cochrane CENTRAL Library, and Embase online databases, comparing weight loss with IF diets and control diets in people with Body Mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. We retrieved 9 trials, enrolling 540 patients. IF was not associated with a significantly greater reduction of body weight or BMI at any time point with respect to controls or in respect to continuous restricted diets, with low-to moderate quality of evidence; no significant difference in efficacy between alternate day fasting and time restricted eating was found. Differences in fasting plasma glucose, total or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure at any time point were not statistically significant, whereas a reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -8.39 [-15.96, -0.81] mg/dl, P = 0.03; I2 = 0%) was observed at 2-4 months, but not in the longer term. Data on psychological parameters and overall well-being were insufficient to perform a formal meta-analysis, whereas a qualitative synthesis did not show any difference between IF and controls. CONCLUSIONS IF is not associated with greater or lesser weight loss than non-intermittent fasting diets. Further data on psychological parameters and overall well-being are needed to properly assess the role of IF diets in the management of obesity.
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Davis HA, Smith GT. Examining the role of urgency in predicting binge size in bulimia nervosa. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166119. [PMID: 37325755 PMCID: PMC10264643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Greater binge size within bulimia nervosa is associated with elevated distress and impairment. Theoretical models posit that emotion dysregulation predicts binge eating, but little research has investigated the potential for dispositional traits that reflect difficulty in emotion regulation to predict binge size among women with bulimia nervosa. Research supports that negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when feeling distressed, is associated with binge eating behavior among individuals with bulimia nervosa. Relatively fewer studies have explored associations between binge eating and positive urgency, the tendency to act rashly when feeling extreme positive affect. The urgency traits may predict greater binge size within bulimia nervosa. The current study sought to examine negative urgency and positive urgency as predictors of test meal intake in a sample of 50 women, n = 21 with bulimia nervosa and n = 29 healthy controls. Dispositional levels of positive urgency, negative urgency, positive affect, and negative affect were measured prior to a laboratory binge eating paradigm. Participants in the bulimia nervosa group scored higher on negative urgency, positive urgency, and negative affect than participants in the control group. Across participants, lower levels of negative affect were associated with greater test meal intake. Elevated levels of positive urgency predicted significantly greater test meal intake, but only for participants with bulimia nervosa. No other dispositional traits predicted test meal intake when the interaction of positive urgency and group was included in the model. Findings suggest positive urgency is an underappreciated, but potentially important, risk factor for greater binge size in bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Gregory T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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9
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Benbaibeche H, Saidi H, Bounihi A, Koceir EA. Emotional and external eating styles associated with obesity. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:67. [PMID: 37131270 PMCID: PMC10152697 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is related to eating habits. Overeating is the most behavioural trait implicated in obesity; emotional, external and rigid restrained eating are three maladaptive eating habits that are associated to overeating. OBJECTIVES The current study assesses the eating styles of Algerian adults. It identifies and analyses differences in eating styles in a sample from adults with normal BMI and who have obesity. The study examines the relationship between eating styles and BMI. METHODS The sample consisted of 200 volunteers aged from 31 to 62 years old, 110 with obesity and 90 having normal BMI. The participants were recruited from hospital and university employees. They were questioned about their eating habits. The participants did not receive any treatment. To assess eating styles, participants completed the DEBQ. RESULTS The prevalence of women was in the majority, representing 61% (n = 122) in the total sample (63.63% (n = 70) with obesity, and 55.77% (n = 52) with normal BMI). The prevalence of men represents 39% (n = 78) in the total sample (36.36% (n = 40) with obesity, and 42.22% (n = 38) with normal BMI). Participants with obesity showed pathological eating styles. They scored higher on emotional and external eating styles than to normal BMI group. However, restraint eating showed a slight no significant increase. The mean scores ± standard deviations observed in each eating styles were: emotional eating (2.88 ± 0.99** vs. 1.71 ± 0.32), external eating (3.31 ± 0.68** vs. 1.96 ± 0.29), and retrained eating (1.81 ± 0.7ns vs. 1.3 ± 0.30). The linear regression analysis showed an effect of emotional and external eating on BMI. CONCLUSION These results could be used to provide clinical information at the initial screening for obesity criteria, obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Benbaibeche
- Faculté des sciences, département des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université Alger 1, Alger, Algérie.
| | - Hamza Saidi
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdenour Bounihi
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires, Alger, Algérie
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Yoon CY, Mason SM, Loth K, Jacobs DR. Adverse childhood experiences and disordered eating among middle-aged adults: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Prev Med 2022; 162:107124. [PMID: 35787840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood abuse, neglect, and household substance abuse. Childhood abuse is a risk factor for disordered eating (DEB). Less well established are associations of childhood neglect and household substance abuse with DEB, and little research has examined ACE associations with DEB in middle adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine associations between ACEs and DEBs among middle-aged adults and examine sex differences. ACEs prior to age 18 were retrospectively assessed in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study in 2000-2001 (N = 3340, ages 32 to 46). DEB outcomes (i.e., concerns about weight and shape, anxiety about eating or food, unhealthy weight control behaviors, chronic dieting, overeating, and binge eating) were assessed in 1995-1996 (ages 27 to 41). Modified Poisson regressions estimated risk ratios (RRs) for associations of a history of any ACE, each ACE, and cumulative ACEs with DEB outcomes. Among women, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were each modestly associated with most DEBs (RRs = 1.21-1.35, 1.21-1.45, and 1.23-1.41 across DEBs, respectively) after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, BMI, and depressive symptoms. A cumulative ACE score was associated with all DEBs in a stepwise manner (p for trend ≤0.05) except concerns about weight and shape and overeating. Among men, emotional abuse was most consistently related to the majority of DEBs (RRs = 1.23-1.92); household substance abuse was modestly associated with overeating (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.53). ACEs were cumulatively associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors, overeating, and binge eating (p for trend <0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y Yoon
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Susan M Mason
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Katie Loth
- University of Minnesota, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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The Effect of Fasting on Human Metabolism and Psychological Health. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5653739. [PMID: 35035610 PMCID: PMC8754590 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5653739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fasting is a prevalent approach to weight loss and is a feasible method for treating some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, the effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease process are hot issues and are of concern by researchers of multiple areas, even the public. This article introduces the effects of fasting on human lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, and neuroendocrine metabolism; demonstrates the metabolic conversion caused by fasting; and describes the effects of fasting on human psychological health, the relationship between mood regulation and glucose, and the emotional enhancing effect induced by fasting.
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Ackermans MA, Jonker NC, Bennik EC, de Jong PJ. Hunger increases negative and decreases positive emotions in women with a healthy weight. Appetite 2021; 168:105746. [PMID: 34637770 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The term 'hangry' is colloquially used to describe being "bad tempered or irritable as a result of hunger," but remarkably few studies have examined the effect of hunger on emotions. Yet, women attempting to restrict their food intake may be at risk of becoming entangled in a vicious cycle of hunger and negative emotions. That is, hunger may lead to negative emotions, which can lead to overeating and overeating can, in turn, provoke subsequent restriction leading to more hunger. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effect of hunger on positive and negative emotions in women with a healthy BMI, and the role of subclinical eating disorder symptoms in this effect. We randomly assigned women to a hunger condition (fasting for 14 h, n = 53) or satiated condition (eat breakfast before the study, n = 55), and they completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States in the lab. Hungry women reported overall higher negative emotions (higher tension, anger, fatigue, and confusion) and lower positive emotions (lower vigour and marginally lower esteem-related affect) than satiated women. Moreover, for satiated but not for hungry women, higher eating disorder symptoms were associated with lower esteem-related affect. These findings show that food restriction leads to negative emotions, and practitioners and individuals should be aware of these implications of food restriction on mental health. Second, clinicians and individuals should be wary of relatively low esteem-related affect when satiated in individuals with eating disorder symptoms, as it could serve as a maintaining factor in eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ackermans
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
| | - N C Jonker
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands.
| | - E C Bennik
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
| | - P J de Jong
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, the Netherlands
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Wang Q, Kong Y, Lin S, Wu DY, Hu J, Huang L, Zang WS, Li XW, Yang JM, Gao TM. The ATP Level in the mPFC Mediates the Antidepressant Effect of Calorie Restriction. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1303-1313. [PMID: 34089507 PMCID: PMC8423953 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders, and promote mood performance in normal subjects. Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie restriction, but little is known about the mechanism of calorie restriction-induced mood modification. Previous studies have found that astrocytes modulate depressive-like behaviors. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2) is the predominant isoform in mediating astrocyte Ca2+ signals and its genetic knockout mice are widely used to study astrocyte function in vivo. In this study, we showed that deletion of IP3R2 blocked the antidepressant-like effect induced by calorie restriction. In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that calorie restriction induced an increase in ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in naïve mice but this effect disappeared in IP3R2-knockout mice, suggesting a role of astrocytic ATP in the calorie restriction-induced antidepressant effect. Further experiments showed that systemic administration and local infusion of ATP into the mPFC induced an antidepressant effect, whereas decreasing ATP by Apyrase in the mPFC blocked calorie restriction-induced antidepressant regulation. Together, these findings support a role for astrocytic ATP in the antidepressant-like effect caused by calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Song Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ding-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Si Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ma Q, Yang C, Wu R, Wu M, Liu W, Dai Z, Li Y. How Experiences Affect Psychological Responses During Supervised Fasting: A Preliminary Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:651760. [PMID: 34093340 PMCID: PMC8170085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an unusual event, fasting can induce strong physiological and psychological reactions, but there is still no clear understanding of how previous fasting experiences affect people’s responses to current fasting. This study aimed to investigate the influence of previous fasting experiences on participants’ basic physiological and psychological responses in a fasting experiment conducted under intensive medical monitoring. For a 22-day experiment divided into four phases (3-day Baseline; 10-day Complete Fasting; 4-day Calorie Restriction; and 5-day Recovery phases), a total of 13 persons participated; the participants were divided into a group with prior fasting experience (Experienced: N = 6) and a group without prior fasting experience (Newbie: N = 7). The results indicate no group differences in physiological responses (i.e., weight, glucose, and ketone bodies); however, differences in psychological states were observed, with the Newbie group showing more negative psychological states overall throughout the experiment (i.e., greater appetite, more negative mood states, more stress, less vitality, and fewer recovery resources). Hence, previous fasting experience may be a buffer against negative feelings during current fasting. For this reason, it is important to consider fasting experiences as a vital factor in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Ma
- Department of Psychology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Manrui Wu
- Department of Psychology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Beijing Ziyuan Fasting Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dieting is often blamed for causing food cravings. Such diet-induced cravings may be mediated by physiological (e.g., nutritional deprivation) or psychological (e.g., ironic effects of food thought suppression) mechanisms. However, this notion is often based on cross-sectional findings and, thus, the causal role of food deprivation on food cravings is unclear. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies suggest that a short-term, selective food deprivation seems to indeed increase cravings for the avoided foods. However, experimental studies also show that food craving can be understood as a conditioned response that, therefore, can also be unlearned. This is supported by intervention studies which indicate that long-term energy restriction results in a reduction of food cravings in overweight adults. Dieting's bad reputation for increasing food cravings is only partially true as the relationship between food restriction and craving is more complex. While short-term, selective food deprivation may indeed increase food cravings, long-term energy restriction seems to decrease food cravings, suggesting that food deprivation can also facilitate extinction of conditioned food craving responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.
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16
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Oliveira J, Cordás T. The body asks and the mind judges: Food cravings in eating disorders. Encephale 2020; 46:269-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression contribute significantly to global disability and possess high social and health burden. Management is dominated by pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; nevertheless, such treatments prevent or treat less than half of the patients, suggesting that alternative approaches are required. Emerging data suggest that diet may be an adjustable risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Caloric restriction (CR) possesses protective effects in almost all organs including the brain. However, the precise molecular pathways of these effects remain uncertain. In this review, we will discuss the putative neurobiological mechanisms of CR on the brain. The article will address also the molecular basis of the antidepressant effects of CR, primarily including ghrelin signaling, CREB neurotropic effects and ketone bodies production. Then we will highlight the probable effect of CR on the neuroinflammation, which emerges as a key pathogenetic factor for the majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the so called caloric restriction mimetics, compounds that reproduce properties of CR. Further research will be required to verify the safety and efficacy of CR before a general approval can be proposed to introduce it and its mimetics in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Testing virtual reality-based cue-exposure software: Which cue-elicited responses best discriminate between patients with eating disorders and healthy controls? Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:757-765. [PMID: 28752497 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Virtual reality (VR) technologies have been proposed as a new tool able to improve on in vivo exposure in patients with eating disorders. This study assessed the validity of a VR-based software for cue exposure therapy (CET) in people with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). METHODS Fifty eight outpatients (33 BN and 25 BED) and 135 healthy participants were exposed to 10 craved virtual foods and a neutral cue in four experimental virtual environments (kitchen, dining room, bedroom, and cafeteria). After exposure to each VR scenario, food craving and anxiety were assessed. The frequency/severity of episodes of uncontrollable overeating was also assessed and body mass index was measured prior to the exposure. RESULTS In both groups, craving and anxiety responses when exposed to the food-related virtual environments were significantly higher than in the neutral-cue virtual environment. However, craving and anxiety levels were higher in the clinical group. Furthermore, cue-elicited anxiety was better at discriminating between clinical and healthy groups than cue-elicited craving. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the ability of food-related VR environments to provoke food craving and anxiety responses in BN and BED patients and highlights the need to consider both responses during treatment. The results support the use of VR-CET in the treatment of eating disorder patients characterized by binge-eating and people with high bulimic symptoms.
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Penaforte FRDO, Minelli MCS, Anastácio LR, Japur CC. Anxiety symptoms and emotional eating are independently associated with sweet craving in young adults. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:715-720. [PMID: 30791346 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sweet craving (SC), defined as a strong desire for sweet foods, seems to be closely related to negative emotions, such as anxiety and unhealthy eating behaviors. The objective was to investigate factors that are associated with SC and to assess the relationships among SC, anxiety symptoms, and eating behavior in university students. This was a cross-sectional study involving 300 students of both sexes (20.5 ± 4.4 years) who were freshmen in a Brazilian public university. Eating behavior was evaluated using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, SC was identified by a yes/no question ("Have you had a very strong desire to eat sweet food over the last three months?"), and characterized by the Questionnaire for Assessment of Sweet Substance Dependence. Individuals with SC scored significantly higher for uncontrolled eating (UE), emotional eating (EE), and anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety symptoms are independently associated with SC. In conclusion, negative emotions, like anxiety, and eating guided by these emotions can contribute to the SC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira Penaforte
- Department of Nutrition/PostGraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Trângulo Mineiro, Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Bairro Abadia, CEP 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Eating Practices and Behavior (PratiCA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Clara Santos Minelli
- Department of Nutrition/PostGraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Trângulo Mineiro, Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Bairro Abadia, CEP 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627. Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Camila Cremonezi Japur
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences. Ribeirão Preto Medical Scholl. Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Eating Practices and Behavior (PratiCA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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20
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An ecological momentary assessment of the effect of fasting during Ramadan on disordered eating behaviors. Appetite 2018; 127:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Ulrich M, Steigleder L, Grön G. Neural signature of the Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ)-Trait. Appetite 2016; 107:303-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vannucci A, Nelson EE, Bongiorno DM, Pine DS, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Behavioral and neurodevelopmental precursors to binge-type eating disorders: support for the role of negative valence systems. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2921-2936. [PMID: 26040923 PMCID: PMC4589435 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171500104x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is a robust behavioral precursor to binge-type eating disorders. Elucidating precursors to LOC eating and binge-type eating disorders may refine developmental risk models of eating disorders and inform interventions. METHOD We review evidence within constructs of the Negative Valence Systems (NVS) domain, as specified by the Research Domain Criteria framework. Based on published studies, we propose an integrated NVS model of binge-type eating-disorder risk. RESULTS Data implicate altered corticolimbic functioning, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and self-reported negative affect as possible risk factors. However, neuroimaging and physiological data in children and adolescents are sparse, and most prospective studies are limited to self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS We discuss a broad NVS framework for conceptualizing early risk for binge-type eating disorders. Future neural and behavioral research on the developmental trajectory of LOC and binge-type eating disorders is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric E. Nelson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience of the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana M. Bongiorno
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience of the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience of the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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23
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Lavender JM, Wonderlich SA, Engel SG, Gordon KH, Kaye WH, Mitchell JE. Dimensions of emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A conceptual review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 40:111-22. [PMID: 26112760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several existing conceptual models and psychological interventions address or emphasize the role of emotion dysregulation in eating disorders. The current article uses Gratz and Roemer's (2004) multidimensional model of emotion regulation and dysregulation as a clinically relevant framework to review the extant literature on emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Specifically, the dimensions reviewed include: (1) the flexible use of adaptive and situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the duration and/or intensity of emotional responses, (2) the ability to successfully inhibit impulsive behavior and maintain goal-directed behavior in the context of emotional distress, (3) awareness, clarity, and acceptance of emotional states, and (4) the willingness to experience emotional distress in the pursuit of meaningful activities. The current review suggests that both AN and BN are characterized by broad emotion regulation deficits, with difficulties in emotion regulation across the four dimensions found to characterize both AN and BN, although a small number of more specific difficulties may distinguish the two disorders. The review concludes with a discussion of the clinical implications of the findings, as well as a summary of limitations of the existing empirical literature and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Lavender
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kathryn H Gordon
- North Dakota State University, Department of Psychology, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Walter H Kaye
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James E Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Li B, Cui R. The Effects of Calorie Restriction in Depression and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:536-42. [PMID: 26412073 PMCID: PMC4790398 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150326003852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is a neuropsychiatric disorder jeopardizing an increasing number of the population worldwide. To date, a large number of studies have devoted great attention to this problematic condition and raised several hypotheses of depression. Based on these theories, many antidepressant drugs were developed for the treatment of depression. Yet, the depressed patients are often refractory to the antidepressant therapies. Recently, increasing experimental evidences demonstrated the effects of calorie restriction in neuroendocrine system and in depression. Both basic and clinical investigations indicated that short-term calorie restriction might induce an antidepressant efficacy in depression, providing a novel avenue for treatment. Molecular basis underlying the antidepressant actions of calorie restriction might involve multiple physiological processes, primarily including orexin signaling activation, increased CREB phosphorylation and neurotrophic effects, release of endorphin and ketone production. However, the effects of chronic calorie restriction were quite controversial, in the cases that it often resulted in the long-term detrimental effects via inhibiting the function of 5-HT system and decreasing leptin levels. Here we review such dual effects of calorie restriction in depression and potential molecular basis behind these effects, especially focusing on antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin
University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin
University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
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25
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Baños RM, Cebolla A, Moragrega I, Van Strien T, Fernández-Aranda F, Agüera Z, de la Torre R, Casanueva FF, Fernández-Real JM, Fernández-García JC, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Jiménez-Murcia S, Rodríguez R, Tinahones FJ, Botella C. Relationship between eating styles and temperament in an Anorexia Nervosa, Healthy Control, and Morbid Obesity female sample. Appetite 2014; 76:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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