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Bao J, Lei T, Zhu C, Zang Y. Unraveling the complexity and instability of negative emotional eating: A latent transition analysis. Appetite 2024; 203:107657. [PMID: 39233234 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The manifestations of emotional eating are complicated, encompassing both over- and under-eating. However, little is understood about how emotional over- and under-eating constitute individuals' eating patterns and how these patterns change over time. Employing latent transition analysis, a longitudinal and person-centered approach, this study examined the patterns and stability of emotional eating. Over six months, 755 participants completed two waves of self-reported questionnaires. Results revealed four distinct latent profiles: Low Emotional Eaters (11.5-15.8%), Emotional Eating-Undereaters (31.1-40.5%), Emotional Eating-Overeaters (15.9-18.3%), and Combined-Emotional Eaters (29.7-37.2%). Approximately 50% of participants in each profile maintained their behavioral patterns over time, with transitions often shifting towards Combined-Emotional Eaters. Individuals in the profile of Emotional Eating-Overeaters exhibited the highest level of anxiety, depression, stress, and disordered eating. Gender, self-esteem level, and self-esteem instability were associated with profile membership and transition probabilities. These findings highlight the presence of distinct and relatively unstable patterns of negative emotional eating, indicating the potential distinction between trait and state emotional eating. Recognizing these inherent characteristics is crucial for future studies and intervention programs addressing negative emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Bao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinyin Zang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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2
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Wonderlich JA, Forester G, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Wonderlich SA. An examination of state and trait urgency in individuals with binge-eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:869-879. [PMID: 38602883 PMCID: PMC11298304 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative urgency (i.e., acting rashly when experiencing negative affect; NU), is a theorised maintenance factor in binge-eating type eating disorders. This study examined the association between trait NU and eating disorder severity, momentary changes in state NU surrounding episodes of binge eating, and the momentary mechanistic link between affect, rash action, and binge-eating risk. METHODS Participants were 112 individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED). Baseline measures included the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale to assess trait NU and the Eating Disorders Examination to assess binge-eating frequency and global eating disorder severity. Ecological momentary assessment captured real-time data on binge eating, negative affect, and state NU. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed a strong association between trait NU and eating disorder severity. Generalised estimating equations showed that state NU increased before and decreased after binge-eating episodes, and that this pattern was not moderated by trait-level NU. Finally, a multilevel structural equation model indicated that increases in rash action mediated the momentary relationship between states of high negative affect and episodes of binge eating. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of both trait and state NU in binge-eating type eating disorders, and suggest NU as a potential key target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Wonderlich
- Sanford Research, Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Glen Forester
- Sanford Research, Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Research, Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Sanford Research, Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Accanto Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Chester MA, Viranda T, Kaye WH, Berner LA. Evaluating the predictions of an interoceptive inference model of bulimia nervosa. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:57. [PMID: 38741168 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bulimia nervosa (BN) is associated with loss-of-control (LOC) eating episodes that frequently occur in response to negative emotions. According to recent neurocomputational models, this link could be explained by a failure to accurately update beliefs about the body in states of high arousal. Specifically, these interoceptive inference models suggest that under-relying on signals from one's body about sensory experience ("low sensory precision") and/or over-relying on previously held beliefs ("excessively precise priors") lead to inaccurate perception and maladaptive behaviors. We conducted an initial test of these core predictions of the interoceptive inference model in BN using self-report measures. METHODS We compared women with BN (n = 30) and age-, BMI-, and full-scale IQ-matched controls (n = 31) on trust in sensory information from the body and two types of beliefs about what can be done to regulate high negative affect. Within the BN group, we tested interrelations among these measures and explored their associations with LOC eating frequency. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the BN group reported lower levels of trust in sensory information and stronger beliefs that once upset, there is little one can do, apart from eating, to self-regulate. These beliefs were associated with each other and with lower body trust. Beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotion were associated with more frequent subjective binge-eating episodes. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial support for the core predictions of an interoceptive inference account of BN: low trust in sensory information ("sensory precision") may promote an overreliance on maladaptive "prior beliefs" about the effects of eating on negative emotions, ultimately interfering with accurate updating of beliefs about other strategies that could regulate emotions and maintain LOC eating. Low body trust, strong expectations about emotions, and their neurocomputational underpinnings could be promising combined treatment targets for BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia A Chester
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thalia Viranda
- Department of Information Science, Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter H Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Berner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Tang YT, Liew JX, Chooi WT. Characteristics of Malaysian 16-year-old girls who reported regular binge eating episodes and the associated risk factors: a descriptive study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:411-422. [PMID: 37712612 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescents may suffer from binge eating (BE), that refers to consuming a large amount of food in a short period of time and accompanied by feelings of loss of control (LOC) over eating. This study compared the prevalence of BE between 16-year-old Malaysian girls from two types of public schools, Malay-English-medium and Chinese-Malay-English-medium schools. Additionally, this study identified associated risk factors of those who presented regular BE episodes, including LOC eating, anxiety, body mass index (BMI), body dissatisfaction (BD) and eating disorders (EDs) psychopathology. METHODS 398 participants completed self-reports assessing BE symptoms, LOC eating, state anxiety, trait anxiety, EDs psychopathology, and BD. They also reported heights and weights. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Z-test for independent proportions were conducted. RESULTS There was no significant difference in either the prevalence of BE or EDs psychopathology between participants from the two types of schools. 71 (17.8 %) participants reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of BE, and 46 (11.6 %) reported moderate-to-severe levels of LOC eating. Those who reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of BE reported significantly higher levels of LOC eating, BD, drive to be thinner, BMI, state anxiety, and EDs psychopathology, compared to those who reported none-to-minimal BE. CONCLUSIONS BE and LOC eating appeared to be relatively common among secondary school girls in Malaysia. The relatively high prevalence of BE amongst adolescents in our sample highlighted the importance of early identification of signs for BE as preventive measures from developing EDs psychopathology among children and adolescents. We propose that attitudes towards eating and body image-related concerns should be included in school screenings aimed at preventing psychological problems in minors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tang
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Liew
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Weng-Tink Chooi
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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5
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Presseller EK, Karbassi N, Gian C, Juarascio AS. Unequivocally large, but not enormous: An examination of the nutritional content of objective and subjective binge-eating episodes using ecological momentary assessment data. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1991-1997. [PMID: 37345531 PMCID: PMC10592441 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the macronutrient profiles of subjective binge-eating episodes (SBEs), objective binge-eating episodes (OBEs), and typical eating episodes. METHOD Twenty-one adults with binge eating completed ecological momentary assessment of all eating episodes for 2 weeks, including detailed monitoring of food types and portions. Binge-eating episodes (N = 237) were coded as OBEs (n = 76) or SBEs (n = 161). Calories and macronutrients were computed using manufacturer information and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Multilevel regression models compared the eating episode types on caloric and macronutrient content. RESULTS OBEs contained an average of 121.5 (95.1) g fat, 363.7 (289.1) g carbohydrates, 65.2 (38.2) g protein, 20.9 (16.4) g fiber, and 2856.2 (1869.2) calories. SBEs contained 31.6 (30.5) g fat, 76.5 (54.0) g carbohydrates, 20.5 (21.6) g protein, 5.3 (5.9) g fiber, and 695.1 (505.9) calories. Although OBEs contained significantly more calories and grams of all macronutrients than SBEs (p < .001), the macronutrient proportions of OBEs and SBEs did not differ. The proportions of carbohydrates (p = .005) and protein (p < .001) in SBEs significantly differed from typical eating episodes. DISCUSSION Our findings offer preliminary evidence that OBEs and SBEs are more comparable in macronutrient profile than typical eating episodes. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study compared the calories and grams of macronutrients in objectively large binge-eating episodes, subjectively large binge-eating episodes, and typical meals and snacks. Results suggest that objectively and subjectively large binge-eating episodes demonstrate similar profiles of macronutrients, which are different from the macronutrient profile of meals and snacks. These results may help the eating disorder field better study the impact of subjectively large binge-eating episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Presseller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikoo Karbassi
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Gian
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Nutrition Sciences Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrienne S Juarascio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Birgegård A, Mantilla EF, Breithaupt LE, Borg S, Sanzari CM, Padalecki S, Hedlund E, Bulik CM. Proposal for increasing diagnostic clarity in research and clinical practice by renaming and reframing atypical anorexia nervosa as "Restrictive Eating Disorder" (RED). Eat Behav 2023; 50:101750. [PMID: 37263139 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), is characterized by meeting all criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) except for weight being within or above the "normal" range despite significant weight loss. The current definition is plagued by several problems, resulting in widely heterogeneous operationalizations in research and clinical practice. As such, the poorly defined diagnosis of AAN negatively impacts affected individuals and frustrates research attempts to better understand the syndrome. We consider conceptual flaws in the AAN description and contend that the undefined weight range and nature of weight loss renders these two factors functionally inapplicable in research and practice. They also represent a departure from the originally intended use of the AAN category, i.e., arresting a negative weight trajectory likely to result in AN, making the target population, and the application of the label, unclear. We propose revised criteria and a new name, restrictive eating disorder (RED), intended to reduce stigma and encompass a wide but better-defined range of presentations. The RED criteria focus on clinically significant restrictive behavior that disrupts normal living (i.e., impairment), and cognitive symptoms of overevaluation, disturbed experience, and lack of recognition of illness seriousness. We believe that RED may enable more appropriate clinical application, but also inspire coordinated research toward a more valid psychiatric nosology in the eating disorders field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma Forsén Mantilla
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren E Breithaupt
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stina Borg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M Sanzari
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophie Padalecki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Public Health, College of Arts and Sciences, Elon University, NC, USA
| | - Elin Hedlund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Flynn RL, Massion TA, Kosmas JA, Smith SR, Mastronardi CN, Graham AK. Positive affect dysregulation and its relation to binge eating size and frequency. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1146549. [PMID: 37284471 PMCID: PMC10239925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative affect is an established predictor of binge eating, yet less is known about positive affect. Low positive affect has been theorized to increase binge eating, but a better understanding is needed on the relationship between positive affect and binge eating frequency and size. Participants were 182 treatment-seeking adults (76% self-identified as female; 45% self-identified their race as Black and 40% as White; and 25% self-identified their ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino) with self-reported recurrent binge eating (≥12 binge episodes in the past 3 months). Participants completed the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) survey and the eating disorder examination to assess frequency of objective binge episodes (OBEs) and subjective binge episodes (SBEs) over the past 3 months. OBEs and SBEs also were combined to yield total binge episodes over the past 3 months. Independent t-tests and linear regression analyses were used to test associations between positive affect scores and binge episode size and frequencies, and to compare low versus higher positive affect on binge frequency. Additional exploratory models were conducted controlling for negative affect, identity characteristics, and socio-demographic variables. Lower positive affect was significantly associated with more frequent total binge episodes, but not OBEs and SBEs when assessed independently. Findings remained consistent when controlling for covariates and when comparing individuals with the lowest versus higher positive affect levels. Overall, results lend support to the theory that low positive affect is associated with binge eating. Increasing positive affect may be an important treatment consideration for those with recurrent binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Flynn
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thomas A. Massion
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline A. Kosmas
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shannon R. Smith
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carli N. Mastronardi
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrea K. Graham
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hooper SC, Espinoza SE, Marshall VB, Kilpela LS. The Clinical Phenotype of Binge Eating Disorder among Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37432212 PMCID: PMC10180572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), a form of overnutrition, may impact healthy aging for postmenopausal women. In community samples, 12-26% of older women (ages 60+) engage in binge eating. In younger adults, BED is comorbid with physical and psychological morbidities. However, little is known regarding the clinical phenotype, including medical and psychiatric comorbidities, of BED in postmenopausal women. This pilot study sought to identify psychosomatic, cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical function characteristics of postmenopausal, older adult (age ≥60 years) women with BED. Participants (N = 21, ages 60-75) completed a battery of physical assessments and surveys assessing psychosomatic health. Overall, 62% of women reported BE onset during peri- or post-menopause. Rates of comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and a history of severe menopausal symptoms were high. Cardiometabolic health was poor, and 42.9% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Additionally, 71.4% met the BMI criteria for obesity, and 40% of this sample met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Almost half of the sample presented with at least one mobility limitation; 85.7% had poor endurance. Evidence suggests that BED is highly comorbid with other chronic health conditions and may complicate treatment of these conditions, warranting further investigation and increased attention from healthcare providers serving postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C. Hooper
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Victoria B. Marshall
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lisa S. Kilpela
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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9
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Rossi AA, Pietrabissa G, Tagliagambe A, Scuderi A, Montecchiani L, Castelnuovo G, Mannarini S, Dalla Ragione L. Many Facets of Eating Disorders: Profiling Key Psychological Features of Anorexia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:276. [PMID: 36975300 PMCID: PMC10045239 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The present study employs a profile analysis to identify and compare psychological features and core eating disorder (ED) symptoms in clinical samples of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and binge eating disorder (BED) and the general population (GP). Methods. A sample comprising 421 participants (142 patients with AN; 139 patients with BED; and 140 participants from the GP) was surveyed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). Individuals with AN and BED were recruited and tested during their first week of a multidisciplinary inpatient program for weight loss and rehabilitation at the 'Rete DCA USL Umbria 1' (Eating Disorders Services), Italy. Results. The findings suggest distinct patterns of symptom presentation between the three samples across all the EDI-3 dimensions-with both the AN and BED groups scoring significantly higher than the GP. Patients with AN registered greater scores in all the psychological trait scales and the drive for thinness ED-specific dimension of the EDI-3 compared with their BED counterpart-which, instead, scored higher in the bulimia and body dissatisfaction subscales. These data support the transdiagnostic nature of the main risk factors for the onset and maintenance of EDs-which would vary in severity levels-and the existence of disease-specific pathways giving rise to AN and BED. Conclusion. This study for the first time compares patients with AN and BED with a non-clinical sample on main ED psychological features. This might inform classification approaches and could have important implications for the development of prevention and early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Dalla Ragione
- Eating Disorders Services-USL N1 “Palazzo Francisci”, 06059 Todi, Italy
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Unit, University Campus Biomedico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Barakat S, Maguire S. Accessibility of Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa: A Review of Efficacy and Engagement in Online Self-Help Treatments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010119. [PMID: 36612445 PMCID: PMC9819826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by marked impairment to one's physical health and social functioning, as well as high rates of chronicity and comorbidity. This literature review aims to summarise existing academic research related to the symptom profile of BN, the costs and burden imposed by the illness, barriers to the receipt of care, and the evidence base for available psychological treatments. As a consequence of well-documented difficulties in accessing evidence-based treatments for eating disorders, efforts have been made towards developing innovative, diverse channels to deliver treatment, with several of these attempting to harness the potential of digital platforms. In response to the increasing number of trials investigating the utility of online treatments, this paper provides a critical review of previous attempts to examine digital interventions in the treatment of eating disorders. The results of a focused literature review are presented, including a detailed synthesis of a knowledgeable selection of high-quality articles with the aim of providing an update on the current state of research in the field. The results of the review highlight the potential for online self-help treatments to produce moderately sized reductions in core behavioural and cognitive symptoms of eating disorders. However, concern is raised regarding the methodological limitations of previous research in the field, as well as the high rates of dropout and poor adherence reported across most studies. The review suggests directions for future research, including the need to replicate previous findings using rigorous study design and methodology, as well as further investigation regarding the utility of clinician support and interactive digital features as potential mechanisms for offsetting low rates of engagement with online treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barakat
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia
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11
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Kilpela LS, Marshall VB, Keel PK, LaCroix AZ, Espinoza SE, Hooper SC, Musi N. The clinical significance of binge eating among older adult women: an investigation into health correlates, psychological wellbeing, and quality of life. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35799222 PMCID: PMC9264536 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One type of overnutrition, binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women. Yet, little is known about the clinical significance of this eating disorder pathology in older adults, especially in relation to health outcomes used in geriatrics, while controlling for associations with body mass index (BMI). METHOD Women (N = 227) aged 60-94 completed two measures of BE and health/wellness questionnaires online. We used multivariable analyses to compare women with Clinical-frequency BE (≥ weekly frequency), Subclinical-frequency BE (< weekly), and No BE on health/wellness outcomes controlling for BMI. We conducted partial correlations controlling for BMI to examine associations between BE severity and health indices. RESULTS Controlling for BMI, the Clinical-frequency BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life (physical function, role limitations due to both emotional and physical problems, vitality, emotional wellbeing, social function, and pain) and poorer psychological health (depression, body image) compared to both Subclinical-frequency BE and No BE. The Clinical-frequency BE group also reported poorer sleep, nutritious food consumption, general health, and positive affect compared to No BE. Associations between a separate measure of BE severity and health indices confirmed findings from group comparisons. CONCLUSION Weekly BE may offer a promising screening benchmark for identifying one type of overnutrition in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health, independent of the effects of BMI. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women. Binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women and is associated with health problems in younger populations. Yet, little is known about how BE is related to other health problems in older adults. We compared health behaviors, physical health, health-related quality of life, and psychological health between older adult women who reported weekly or more frequent BE (i.e., Clinical BE), those with low frequency BE (i.e., Subclinical BE), and those with no BE, while accounting for BMI. Older women in the Clinical BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life, more depression symptoms, and worse body image compared to the Subclinical BE and No BE groups. Compared to the No BE group, the Clinical BE group also reported poorer sleep, less frequent consumption of nutritious foods, worse health, and less frequent positive emotions. Using a separate measure of BE severity, we found similar associations with these health outcomes. Engaging in weekly BE may represent one type of overnutrition behavior in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Victoria B Marshall
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara E Espinoza
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Savannah C Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
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12
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Thompson KA, DeVinney AA, Goy CN, Kuang J, Bardone-Cone AM. Subjective and objective binge episodes in relation to eating disorder and depressive symptoms among middle-aged women. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1687-1694. [PMID: 34558018 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests loss of control over eating may be the driving component of binge eating, a transdiagnostic symptom of eating disorders and highly comorbid with depressive symptoms. Prior studies have evaluated eating disorder and depressive symptoms across types of binge episodes among adolescent and young adult samples, yet no studies have focused on middle-aged women who may be particularly vulnerable to both binge eating and depressive symptoms. The goal of this study was to compare eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms across different types of binge eating episodes among middle-aged women. METHODS Women (N = 347), ages 40-63, completed an online survey about both objective (OBE) and subjective binge episodes (SBE), eating disorder symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Participants were categorized as OBEs only, SBEs only, both OBEs and SBEs, and no binge eating. RESULTS Controlling for group differences, results showed middle-aged women who experienced SBEs only reported greater levels of anorexia nervosa attitudes and behaviors compared to all other groups, and greater dietary restraint compared to those who experienced only OBEs and those with no binge eating. Middle-aged women who experienced any type of binge eating reported greater levels of body image concerns and depressive symptoms compared to those who reported no binge eating. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that loss of control is more clinically relevant in terms of associations with eating disorder and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V based on descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aubrey A DeVinney
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Casey N Goy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joanna Kuang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anna M Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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13
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Conceição EM, Moreira CS, de Lourdes M, Ramalho S, Vaz AR. Exploring Correlates of Loss of Control Eating in a Nonclinical Sample. Front Psychol 2022; 12:787558. [PMID: 35222152 PMCID: PMC8874330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating has been directly related to the core aspects of the psychopathology of eating disorders and to different dimensions of emotion and behavior regulation and self-criticism. This study investigates a model representing the interplay between these dimensions to understand LOC eating among a nonclinical sample. METHODS A total of 341 participants, recruited in a college campus (mean age 23.21, SD = 6.02), completed a set of self-report measures assessing LOC eating, weight suppression, psychopathology of eating disorders, depression, negative urgency, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-criticism. Path analysis modeling tested a hypothesized model with 3 paths for LOC eating as follows: (1) psychopathology of eating disorders; (2) emotion and behavior regulation; and (3) interplay between these paths. RESULTS We found goodness-of-fit indexes to our data: χ2 = 17.11, df = 10, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.045, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.041, suggesting that: (1) participants with higher weight suppression showed higher degrees of the psychopathology of eating disorders, which was linked to higher levels of LOC eating; (2) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and depression/negative urgency; (3) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and disorder eating, which was significantly associated with LOC eating via increased negative urgency. CONCLUSION Our model shows that LOC eating occurs for individuals with the psychopathology of higher eating disorders who experience depressive symptoms and act rashly under distress for their inability to cope adequately with negative feelings of self-devaluation. These findings point to the importance of negative self-evaluations and feelings of inadequacy or worthlessness to understand LOC eating among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Conceição
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia S. Moreira
- Department of Mathematics and Center of Mathematics (FCUP-CMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramalho
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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14
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Brownstone LM, Mihas P, M Butler R, Maman S, Peterson CB, Bulik CM, Bardone-Cone AM. Lived experiences of subjective binge eating: An inductive thematic analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:2192-2205. [PMID: 34761418 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests that subjective binge eating (SBE; loss of control eating involving subjectively, but not objectively, large quantities of food) is clinically concerning even though it is not currently considered a diagnostic criterion for eating disorders. However, the lived experience of SBEs has not been examined in a systematic, and data-driven way. METHOD The current study used a qualitative, inductive interview approach to further define SBEs as described by individuals who experience them. Participants (N = 14; 11 cisgender women, Mage = 35.29, 12 White/non-Latinx) reported SBEs that occurred at least twice per week over the prior 3 months. We completed semi-structured qualitative phone interviews with participants regarding their most recent SBE and objective binge-eating episode (OBE) if applicable, as well as broader experiences and attitudes regarding non-binge eating. RESULTS Inductive, reflexive, thematic coding yielded descriptive and interpretive codes regarding SBEs. Main themes regarding SBE experience included: (a) SBEs Occur Across Contexts and Food Types, (b) SBEs Are Contrasts to General Over-Control, (c) SBEs Are Distress- and Disconnection-Inducing, Not Relieving, (d) SBEs Are Responses to Hunger and Restriction, and (e) SBEs Can Be "Echoes" of OBEs. DISCUSSION The current study explored the lived experiences of those who report SBEs and provides an important foundation for hypothesis generation for future research on and clinical interventions for SBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Brownstone
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Mihas
- The Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel M Butler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna M Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Wu YK, Brownley KA, Bardone-Cone AM, Bulik CM, Baker JH. Associations of Stress and Appetite Hormones with Binge Eating in Females with Anorexia Nervosa after Weight Restoration: A Longitudinal Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101020. [PMID: 34683161 PMCID: PMC8538976 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating is a transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom that can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), persisting after weight restoration, and impeding their recovery. However, little is known about the biological predictors of binge eating after AN weight restoration. The goals of this exploratory study of 73 females with AN were: (1) to examine changes in cortisol, the adrenocorticotropic hormone, norepinephrine, ghrelin (total and active), and leptin levels across the admission, discharge, and 3 months post-discharge from the inpatient AN weight restoration; and (2) to determine whether the target hormones were associated with objective or subjective binge eating (OBE or SBE). The participants completed the self-reported Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II, and provided fasting whole blood samples for hormone assays. The results showed significant changes in body mass index (BMI), cortisol, total ghrelin, and leptin levels over the three time points. The cortisol levels at admission and discharge were significantly associated with the number of SBE episodes at 3 months post-discharge. Findings suggest the need to replicate and confirm the role of cortisol in predicting the emergence of SBE and uncover the mechanisms underlying SBE and cortisol to prevent SBE and its negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Kimberly A. Brownley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-984-974-3834
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16
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Subjective binge eating: a marker of disordered eating and broader psychological distress. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2201-2209. [PMID: 33200355 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is building, but limited evidence to suggest that subjective binge eating (SBE) is clinically concerning. The current study examined associated features of SBEs including disordered eating, body shame, negative affect, and interpersonal problems, as well as how SBE occurrence relates to other daily eating experiences. METHODS Participants were 400 individuals recruited via internet snowball or Amazon Mechanical Turk, including 132 with at least one SBE [with or without objective binge eating episodes (OBEs)] in the prior 3 months, 135 with at least one OBE (and no SBEs) in the prior 3 months, and 133 with no loss of control eating in the prior 3 months nor a likely lifetime history of anorexia nervosa. Participants responded to questionnaires assessing eating disorder behaviors (i.e., frequency of compensatory behaviors, dietary restriction), body shame, negative affect (depressive/anxiety symptoms), interpersonal difficulties, and perception of daily eating experiences. RESULTS Individuals with SBEs had higher numbers of vomiting, laxative misuse and hard exercise episodes, dietary restriction, body shame, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and negative perceptions of daily eating experiences as compared to those with only OBEs and no loss of control eating. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SBEs (whether on their own or combined with OBEs) are more related to disordered eating symptoms, body image concerns, depressive/anxiety symptoms, and general eating distress than OBEs on their own, suggesting that clinicians may view SBEs as markers of concern across domains. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, well-designed group-comparison regression analysis.
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17
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Stress appraisal prospectively predicts binge eating through increases in negative affect. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2413-2420. [PMID: 33392952 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies preliminarily support the transactional model of emotion regulation in eating disorders, such that heightened stress appraisal (i.e., the cognitive evaluation of an event's demands) results in increased negative affect (NA) and subsequent binge eating (BE). However, the temporal relationships between these variables and the magnitude of stress appraisal that is clinically significant require clarification. The current study aimed to extend previous research by (1) examining the temporal relationship between stress appraisal, changes in NA, and BE using three timepoints, (2) exploring what magnitude of momentary stress appraisal results in clinically significant increases in NA and BE, and (3) characterizing what stressors are associated with clinically significant stress appraisal. METHODS 37 adult females completed an EMA protocol assessing momentary stressors, stress appraisal, NA, and BE over 2 week duration. Multilevel mediation models were used to test the study aims. RESULTS Momentary increases in stress appraisal significantly predicted binge eating through increases in NA. Stress appraisal ratings of 0.50 SD higher relative to one's average stress appraisal began to significantly predict the likelihood of BE through increases in NA, and the likelihood of BE occurrence increased with every 0.25 increments in momentary stress appraisal. Work/school stressors and interpersonal stressors were the most commonly endorsed stressors of clinically significant stress appraisal. CONCLUSION The current study supported the transactional model of emotion dysregulation in a binge eating sample and supports the use of momentary interventions at times of clinically significant stress appraisal to reduce BE risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, controlled trial without randomization.
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18
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Moustafa AF, Quigley KM, Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Chao AM. A systematic review of binge eating, loss of control eating, and weight loss in children and adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1259-1271. [PMID: 34227229 PMCID: PMC8319063 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review synthesizes literature on changes in binge eating (BE) and loss of control eating (LOC) following weight loss and the association between BE/LOC and weight loss in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies included all peer-reviewed journal articles of primary research that assessed BE/LOC and weight change following a weight-loss intervention in individuals under 18 years of age. RESULTS The 29 articles included studies on behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions. Of the 14 studies that assessed the relationship between weight loss and BE/LOC at baseline, 4 showed that higher baseline BE/LOC was associated with less weight loss, whereas 10 showed no significant association. BE/LOC behaviors significantly decreased following weight-loss interventions in 20 of 21 studies. A greater decrease in BE/LOC was associated with improved weight loss in 4 of 9 studies that assessed this change. CONCLUSIONS Weight-loss interventions are associated with improved BE/LOC in youth with obesity. The persistence of BE/LOC symptoms may be associated with less weight loss. These results can aid in guiding future treatment for youth with BE/LOC seeking weight-loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry M. Quigley
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Robert I. Berkowitz
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, US
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, US
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Examining cognitive and behavioural symptoms across binge/purge profiles in adolescents with eating disorders. Eat Behav 2021; 42:101516. [PMID: 33991834 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating and purging profiles may vary in adolescents with eating disorders and this may potentially be a function of a range of cognitive and behavioural constructs. The aim was to determine whether cognitive and behavioural symptoms differed among purging profiles in 229 adolescent females (M age = 15.45). Differences were examined in three binge/purge profiles; (i) regular objective binge eating and purging (OBEP, n = 63), (ii) regular subjective binge eating and purging (SBEP, n = 41), and (iii) purging in the absence of any binge eating (P-noBE, n = 110). Adolescents with objective or subjective binge eating had significantly higher global eating disorder scores and eating, shape, and weight concerns than those without binge eating, but not more frequent compensatory behaviours. There were no significant differences on dietary restraint. The group with objective binge eating (OBEP) had significantly higher eating concerns and self-induced vomiting than adolescents with subjective binge eating (SBEP). Future research is required to understand the reasons for elevated symptoms in the OBE-P group, since the size of binge episodes is not thought to be a salient factor in binge eating. In contrast to the literature, we did not find support for a special relevance of dietary restraint to the purging only presentation (P-noBE), rather it was a universal characteristic of all binge/purge presentations. Eating concerns may be an important target in adolescents with objective binge symptoms. Future research should examine if treatment targeted at different binge/purge profiles improves efficacy of treatment in adolescents.
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20
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Sahlan RN, Saunders JF, Perez M, Blomquist KK, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Bodell LP. The validation of a Farsi version of the Loss of Control over Eating Scale (F-LOCES) among Iranian adolescent boys and girls. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101502. [PMID: 33812127 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have been conducted on disordered eating in Iran, with limited research on loss of control (LOC) eating in adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the validation of a Farsi version of the Loss of Control over Eating Scale (F-LOCES) among Iranian adolescents. METHOD Participants were 504 boys (Age mean = 15.35; Body Mass Index [zBMI] mean = 0.01) and 607 girls (Age mean = 15.71; zBMI mean = -0.01) who completed a battery of questionnaires including the F-LOCES. RESULTS Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and bi-factor model indicated that the F-LOCES had good fit to the data and supported a three-factor model. Additionally, the scale was invariant across all the groups. Girls had higher scores than boys on the behavioral subscale. Additionally, individuals with elevated eating pathology and zBMI endorsed higher LOC eating. As expected, the F-LOCES scores were positively associated with zBMI, disordered eating symptoms, and depression, and negatively associated with self-esteem. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that the F-LOCES is a reliable and valid measure of LOC eating in Iranian adolescents. The availability of the F-LOCES will enable researchers to examine the developmental trajectories, predictors, and outcomes of LOC eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza N Sahlan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jessica F Saunders
- Department of Psychological Science, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Lindsay P Bodell
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Van Malderen E, Kemps E, Claes L, Verbeken S, Goossens L. A Dual-Pathway Perspective on Food Choices in Adolescents: The Role of Loss of Control Over Eating. Front Psychol 2021; 12:630000. [PMID: 33868095 PMCID: PMC8044445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One in three adolescents frequently consume unhealthy snacks, which is associated with negative developmental outcomes. To date, it remains unclear how intrapersonal factors account for food choices in adolescents. Guided by the dual-pathway model, the current study aimed to: (1) examine the joint contribution of inhibitory control and attentional bias in predicting unhealthy food choices in adolescents, and (2) determine whether this mechanism is more pronounced in adolescents who experience loss of control over eating (LOC). Materials and Methods A community sample of 80 adolescents (65% female; 10–17 years old, Mage = 13.28, SD = 1.94) was recruited. Based on a self-report questionnaire, 28.7% of this sample reported at least one episode of LOC over the past month. Food choice was assessed using a computerized food choice task. Both inhibitory control and attentional bias were measured with behavioral tasks (go/no-go and dot probe task, respectively). Binary logistic regressions were conducted to address the research questions. Results Inhibitory control and attentional bias did not significantly interact to predict unhealthy food choices. However, there was a significant three-way interaction between inhibitory control, attentional bias and LOC. For adolescents without LOC, the combination of poor inhibitory control and low attentional bias was significantly associated with unhealthy food choice. Surprisingly, for adolescents with LOC, there was no significant association between unhealthy food choice and inhibitory control or attentional bias. Discussion Dual-pathway processes do not seem to add to the explanation of food choice behavior for adolescents with LOC. For adolescents who do not experience LOC, those with poor inhibitory control combined with low attentional bias might be at particular risk for making unhealthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Van Malderen E, Kemps E, Verbeken S, Goossens L. Food for mood: Experimentally induced negative affect triggers loss of control over eating in adolescents with low inhibitory control. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:388-398. [PMID: 33275788 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control over eating (LOC) is common among adolescents and is associated with negative developmental outcomes. Low self-regulation, and specifically low inhibitory control, is increasingly emphasized as an underlying factor in LOC. However, the specific context in which these capacities fail remains unclear. The affect regulation model proposes that negative affect may trigger LOC; however, research has mostly assessed trait negative affect using questionnaires, whereas measuring state negative affect is needed to determine its triggering role. Therefore, this study examined the interaction between inhibitory control and state negative affect in predicting LOC among adolescents using an experimental mood-induction design. METHOD Participants were 50 adolescents (10-18 years; 76% girls) from the general community. Participants first reported on their self-regulatory and inhibitory control capacities. They were then assigned to a sad or neutral mood-induction (using a film clip), followed by a multi-item food buffet from which they could eat as much as they liked. Finally, participants reported on their experience of loss of control while eating. RESULTS Inhibitory control (but not self-regulation in general) interacted with the mood-induction to predict LOC. Adolescents with low inhibitory control experienced significantly more LOC, but only in the sad mood condition. DISCUSSION The experience of negative affect appears to be an important trigger for LOC in adolescents with low inhibitory control. With a view to prevention and early intervention of LOC, inhibitory control training may be most effective in contexts where adolescents experience high levels of negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Mourilhe C, Moraes CED, Veiga GD, Q da Luz F, Pompeu A, Nazar BP, Coutinho ESF, Hay P, Appolinario JC. An evaluation of binge eating characteristics in individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2021; 162:105176. [PMID: 33639247 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of studies in individuals with eating disorders that examined the following components of binge eating episodes (BEEs): caloric intake, episode duration, and also the association of BEE size with psychopathology. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect and ProQuest databases. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models and meta-regression. Forty-three studies were included. There was a paucity of information regarding BEE in individuals with anorexia nervosa. The pooled caloric intake of participants with bulimia nervosa (BN) during BEE in laboratory studies was significantly greater in comparison to the caloric intake during BEE in clinical studies [(3070 (95%CI 2596, 3544) vs. 1789 (95%CI 1498, 2081)], respectively. In participants with binge eating disorder (BED), the pooled means were 2088 (95%CI 1819, 2358) kcal in laboratory studies and 1903 (95%CI 1622, 2184) kcal in clinical studies, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Overall, BEE had a mean duration of 37.3 min in participants with BN and 41.7 min in those with BED. We found a positive correlation between the average caloric intake and level of depression (β = 55.5; p = 0.019). BEE in individuals with BN or BED were characterized by the consumption of extremely large quantities of calories. This was mainly found in laboratory studies of individuals with BN. BEE had a mean duration of less than 1 h in individuals with BN or BED. BEE size was positively associated with depression severity. Future research should explore the relevance of binge size as a core component of binge eating in clinical samples, in males, and in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mourilhe
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Psychiatry, Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Botafogo, CEP:22290-140, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Nutrition Josue de Castro, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - bloco J, 2° andar - Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos EduardoFerreira de Moraes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Psychiatry, Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Botafogo, CEP:22290-140, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - GloriaValeria da Veiga
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Nutrition Josue de Castro, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - bloco J, 2° andar - Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Q da Luz
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM), São Paulo, SP 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Pompeu
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Psychiatry, Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Botafogo, CEP:22290-140, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Palazzo Nazar
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Psychiatry, Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Botafogo, CEP:22290-140, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho
- The State University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine - R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Maracanã, CEP:20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, School of Medicine - David Pilgrim Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Psychiatry, Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Botafogo, CEP:22290-140, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Lourdes M, Pinto-Bastos A, Machado PP, Conceição E. Problematic eating behaviors in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: Studying their relationship with psychopathology. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:1535-1546. [PMID: 33406896 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320986889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the associations between individuals presenting different problematic eating behaviors (Objective/Subjective binge-eating-OBE/SBE-and Compulsive/Non-compulsive grazing-C_Grazing/NC_Grazing) and eating disorder related symptoms. About 163 pre- and 131 post-bariatric patients were assessed. Assessment included: Face-to-face clinical interview to assess binge-eating and grazing episodes, and self-report measures to assess eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress, and negative urgency. OBE and NC_Grazing were the problematic eating behaviors most and least associated with psychopathology, respectively. OBE and C_Grazing uniquely accounted for the significant variance in the most disordered eating variables. Our findings emphasize the need for the conceptualization of grazing behavior in the spectrum of disordered eating.
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Berner LA, Sysko R, Rebello TJ, Roberto CA, Pike KM. Patient descriptions of loss of control and eating episode size interact to influence expert diagnosis of ICD-11 binge-eating disorder. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:71. [PMID: 33292557 PMCID: PMC7682053 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although data suggest that the sense of "loss of control" (LOC) is the most salient aspect of binge eating, the definition of LOC varies widely across eating disorder assessments. The WHO ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for binge eating do not require an objectively large amount of food, which makes accurate LOC diagnosis even more critical. However, it can be especially challenging to assess LOC in the context of elevated weight status and in the absence of compensatory behaviors. This ICD-11 field sub-study examined how descriptions of subjective experience during distressing eating episodes, in combination with different eating episode sizes, influence diagnoses of binge-eating disorder (BED). METHOD Mental health professionals with eating disorder expertise from WHO's Global Clinical Practice Network (N = 192) participated in English, Japanese, and Spanish. Participants were asked to select the correct diagnosis for two randomly assigned case vignettes and to rate the clinical importance and ease of use of each BED diagnostic guideline. RESULTS The presence of LOC interacted with episode size to predict whether a correct diagnostic conclusion was reached. If the amount consumed during a typical distressing eating episode was only subjectively large compared to objectively large, clinicians were 23.1 times more likely to miss BED than to correctly diagnose it, and they were 9.7 times more likely to incorrectly diagnose something else than to correctly diagnose BED. In addition, clinicians were 10.8 times more likely to make a false positive diagnosis of BED when no LOC was described if the episode was objectively large. Descriptions of LOC that were reliably associated with correct diagnoses across episodes sizes included two that are similar to those already included in proposed ICD-11 guidelines and a third that is not. This third description of LOC focuses on giving up attempts to control eating because perceived overeating feels inevitable. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of detailed clarification of the LOC construct in future guidelines. Explicitly distinguishing LOC from distressing and mindless overeating could help promote consistent and accurate diagnosis of BED versus another or no eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Berner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robyn Sysko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tahilia J Rebello
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina A Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Schaefer LM, Smith KE, Anderson LM, Cao L, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Wonderlich SA. The role of affect in the maintenance of binge-eating disorder: Evidence from an ecological momentary assessment study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 129:387-396. [PMID: 32212743 PMCID: PMC7174093 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Affect regulation models of eating disorder behavior, which predict worsening of affect prior to binge-eating episodes and improvement in affect following such episodes, have received support in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However, limited work has examined the trajectories of affect surrounding binge eating in binge-eating disorder (BED). In the current study, ecological momentary assessment data from 112 men and women with BED were used to examine the trajectories of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), guilt, fear, hostility, and sadness relative to binge-eating episodes. Prior to binge episodes, PA significantly decreased, whereas NA and guilt significantly increased. Following binge episodes, levels of NA and guilt significantly decreased and PA stabilized. Overall, results indicate improvements in affect following binge-eating episodes, suggesting that binge eating may function to alleviate unpleasant emotional experiences among individuals with BED, which is consistent with affect regulation models of eating pathology. Because improvements in negative affect were primarily driven by change in guilt, findings also highlight the relative importance of understanding the relationship between guilt and binge-eating behavior within this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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Van Malderen E, Goossens L, Verbeken S, Boelens E, Kemps E. The interplay between self-regulation and affectivity in binge eating among adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1447-1460. [PMID: 30852724 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating among adolescents is associated with negative developmental outcomes. From a cognitive perspective, the role of impaired self-regulation is increasingly emphasized as an underlying factor in binge eating, whereas the affect regulation model proposes that affectivity is a key factor in explaining binge eating. Studies combining both perspectives are scarce, but necessary to add to the understanding of this pathological eating behavior. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate unique and joint contributions of both factors in understanding binge eating among adolescents. Participants were 301 adolescents (10-17 years; 67.2% girls; Mage = 13.46 years; SD = 1.99) from the general community. Adolescents self-reported on different types of binge eating episodes (loss of control over eating in general, objective and subjective binge eating in particular), self-regulation (general self-regulation and inhibitory control) and affectivity (positive and negative). The parents were questioned about their children's self-regulatory capacities. Results revealed main effects of self-regulatory capacities (adolescent report) and negative affectivity in predicting objective binge eating. In addition, negative affectivity interacted with self-regulation (parent report) to predict objective binge eating, whereas positive affectivity interacted with self-regulation (adolescent report) to predict subjective binge eating. No significant effects were found for loss of control over eating specifically. Both self-regulation and affectivity each make unique as well as joint contributions to binge eating among adolescents, with results differing across types of binge eating episodes and informants. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisa Boelens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Claudino AM, Pike KM, Hay P, Keeley JW, Evans SC, Rebello TJ, Bryant-Waugh R, Dai Y, Zhao M, Matsumoto C, Herscovici CR, Mellor-Marsá B, Stona AC, Kogan CS, Andrews HF, Monteleone P, Pilon DJ, Thiels C, Sharan P, Al-Adawi S, Reed GM. The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines. BMC Med 2019; 17:93. [PMID: 31084617 PMCID: PMC6515596 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is used globally by 194 WHO member nations. It is used for assigning clinical diagnoses, providing the framework for reporting public health data, and to inform the organization and reimbursement of health services. Guided by overarching principles of increasing clinical utility and global applicability, the 11th revision of the ICD proposes major changes that incorporate empirical advances since the previous revision in 1992. To test recommended changes in the Mental, Behavioral, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders chapter, multiple vignette-based case-controlled field studies have been conducted which examine clinicians' ability to accurately and consistently use the new guidelines and assess their overall clinical utility. This manuscript reports on the results from the study of the proposed ICD-11 guidelines for feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). METHOD Participants were 2288 mental health professionals registered with WHO's Global Clinical Practice Network. The study was conducted in Chinese, English, French, Japanese, and Spanish. Clinicians were randomly assigned to apply either the ICD-11 or ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines for FEDs to a pair of case vignettes designed to test specific clinical questions. Clinicians selected the diagnosis they thought was correct for each vignette, evaluated the presence of each essential feature of the selected diagnosis, and the clinical utility of the diagnostic guidelines. RESULTS The proposed ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines significantly improved accuracy for all FEDs tested relative to ICD-10 and attained higher clinical utility ratings; similar results were obtained across all five languages. The inclusion of binge eating disorder and avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder reduced the use of residual diagnoses. Areas needing further refinement were identified. CONCLUSIONS The proposed ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines consistently outperformed ICD-10 in distinguishing cases of eating disorders and showed global applicability and appropriate clinical utility. These results suggest that the proposed ICD-11 guidelines for FEDs will help increase accuracy of public health data, improve clinical diagnosis, and enhance health service organization and provision. This is the first time in the revision of the ICD that data from large-scale, empirical research examining proposed guidelines is completed in time to inform the final diagnostic guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Claudino
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Major Maragliano, 241, São Paulo, SP, 04017-030, Brazil.
| | - Kathleen M Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Unit 9 Room 5808, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 2751, NSW Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Jared W Keeley
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Spencer C Evans
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, 1040 William James Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tahilia J Rebello
- Global Mental Health Program, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th, Floor R2, R-233, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Feeding and Eating Disorders Service, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yunfei Dai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chihiro Matsumoto
- National Study Coordinator for ICD-11 Field Studies, ICD-11 Committee, Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hongo-Yumicho Building, 2-38-4, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cecile Rausch Herscovici
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI, Argentina), J. Salguero 2745, Buenos Aires, 1425, CABA, Argentina
| | - Blanca Mellor-Marsá
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, 2ª Planta Norte, Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Claire Stona
- Ministry for Solidarity and Health, Avenue Duquesne, 75350, Paris, France
| | - Cary S Kogan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Howard F Andrews
- Departments of Biostatistics and Psychiatry and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Unit 47, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via Allende, Baronissi, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - David Joseph Pilon
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, LeMarchant Place, 2nd Floor, Rm 2121, 1246 LeMarchant Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cornelia Thiels
- Department of Social Studies, University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Kissinger Str. 14, D-12157, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, P.C. 123, Al Khoud, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Geoffrey M Reed
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Unit 9 Room 5816, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Li N, Mitchison D, Touyz S, Hay P. Cross-sectional comparison of health-related quality of life and other features in people with and without objective and subjective binge eating using a general population sample. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024227. [PMID: 30787086 PMCID: PMC6398903 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that while objective binge eating (OBE) and subjective binge eating (SBE) differ in the amount of food consumed, both are associated with impairment in people with eating disorders. However, only OBE is accounted for in the diagnostic criteria of eating disorders. This study compared the sociodemographic profile and burden of OBE versus SBE at a population level. DESIGN Population-based survey. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 3028 men and women. Participants were categorised into four groups based on their reporting of binge eating in the past 3 months: non-binge eating group (no OBE or SBE), OBE group, SBE group and OSBE group (both OBE and SBE). OUTCOME MEASURES Demographics (age, genderand body mass index, BMI), binge eating, distress, weight/shape overvaluation and health-related quality of life. Groups were compared on sociodemographic information, overvaluation and health-related quality of life. The OBE and SBE groups were also compared on the distress related to binge eating. RESULTS No differences were found between the SBE group and OBE group in age, gender, BMI, mental health-related quality of life and overvaluation (all p>0.05). However, differences were found in the OSBE participants, namely that they were younger, had a higher mean BMI, lower mental health-related quality of life and higher overvaluation of weight/shape than the non-binge-eating participants (all p<0.001). Proportions of participants who reported distress related to binge eating in the OBE and SBE groups also did not differ (p=0.678). CONCLUSION There is little difference in the demographic profile or burden of people who engage in OBE versus SBE, supporting the proposed inclusion of SBE in the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in International Classification of Diseases-11. People who experience both OBE and SBE may experience a relatively higher eating disorder severity and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Li
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Psychology Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Clinical Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institure, School of Medicine, Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Andreeva E, Neumann M, Nöhre M, Brähler E, Hilbert A, de Zwaan M. Validation of the German Version of the Power of Food Scale in a General Population Sample. Obes Facts 2019; 12:416-426. [PMID: 31266028 PMCID: PMC6758710 DOI: 10.1159/000500489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is a self-report instrument for assessing appetitive motivation in the absence of caloric needs. The study aim was to validate the German PFS version in a large population sample. METHODS Complete information on all PFS items was available from 2,421 respondents (age ≥14) of a nationally representative sample of the German population. We examined the psychometric properties of the German PFS version and provided population-based normative data. RESULTS The 3-factor structure of the original scale was replicated in confirmatory factor analysis. The German PFS version demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.92 for the total scale). It was well accepted by the respondents, as indicated by a low proportion of missing item values (≤0.56%). While no significant differences were observed in the PFS mean scores between men and women, the scores increased across BMI categories. PFS was positively correlated with a measure of global eating disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 8) and the ultra-brief Patient Health Questionnaire for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the German PFS version has adequate psychometric properties and good reliability for measuring hedonic hunger in the general population. The provided population-based norms can be used for individual assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andreeva
- Centre for Applied Rehabilitation Research, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Maria Neumann
- Equal Opportunities Office, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariel Nöhre
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Kelly NR, Cotter E, Guidinger C. Men who engage in both subjective and objective binge eating have the highest psychological and medical comorbidities. Eat Behav 2018; 30:115-119. [PMID: 29990652 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Data suggest that assessing for the presence of loss of control (LOC) while eating is more useful in identifying risk for excess weight gain and psychosocial comorbidities than focusing on the amount of food consumed during episodes of perceived overeating. Yet, most of this research has included children and women. The current study examined whether perceived overeating patterns with and without LOC were uniquely associated with eating- and weight-related comorbidities in a community sample of young men. Participants (N = 1114; 18-30 y) completed a brief online survey assessing body mass index (BMI); perceived overeating habits, including overeating without LOC (OEs), and subjective (SBEs) and objective binge eating episodes (OBEs); weight-related medical comorbidities; and disordered eating pathology. After adjusting for BMI and race/ethnicity, men who reported engaging in both OBE(s) and SBE(s) were the most likely to have a weight-related medical comorbidity, and reported the highest levels of dietary restraint, concerns about body fat, and excessive exercise pathology. Group differences remained even after adjusting for frequency of disordered eating episodes, a common indicator of severity of comorbid pathology. The current study's findings suggest that young men who engage in both OBE(s) and SBE(s) may be at the highest risk for chronic disease and psychological concerns, although additional studies with prospective data are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Cotter
- Department of Health Studies, American University, United States of America
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America
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Cyr M, Fontaine B.S. M, Stefan M, Terranova K, Kopala-Sibley DC, Attia E, Marsh R. A longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of task control circuits and bulimic symptoms over adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:752-762. [PMID: 29114852 PMCID: PMC6731764 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional findings from adolescents and adults with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) suggest disturbances in fronto-striatal and cingulo-opercular task control circuits that support self-regulatory processes, including the resolution of cognitive conflict. Herein, we used longitudinal data to examine the developmental trajectories of such disturbances and how the functioning of these circuits relates to changes in BN symptoms over adolescence. METHODS Thirty-two adolescent females with BN symptoms and 28 healthy control (HC) adolescents participated in the study. Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) during performance of a Simon task were acquired at three time points within 2-year intervals over adolescence. From the initial sample, 70% and 30% of the participants completed the second and third time points, respectively. Participants who completed all study time points did not differ from those lost to attrition on baseline demographic characteristics or any outcome measures. Using a region-of-interest approach, growth curve models tested group differences in the trajectory of conflict-related activation in task control circuits over time. Cross-lagged panel models examined transactional relationships between conflict-related activation in the same regions and BN symptoms over time. RESULTS Growth curve models revealed different trajectories of conflict-related activation in right task control regions across BN and HC adolescents, such that HC but not BN adolescents showed activation decreases over time. These group differences were greatest when including only the BN adolescents whose symptoms remitted over time. Cross-lagged panel models revealed that less frequent bulimic episodes at first follow-up predicted later increases in conflict-related activation in bilateral task control regions. CONCLUSIONS These longitudinal findings suggest overengagement of task control circuits in BN adolescents, especially those most resilient to persistent illness. Such overengagement may compensate for regulatory disturbances, allowing them to regulate eating behaviors over development. Thus, task control circuits may constitute targets for early interventions that enhance self-regulatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Cyr
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Martine Fontaine B.S.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mihaela Stefan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kate Terranova
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Evelyn Attia
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics in the Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Espel‐Huynh HM, Muratore AF, Lowe MR. A narrative review of the construct of hedonic hunger and its measurement by the Power of Food Scale. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:238-249. [PMID: 29951214 PMCID: PMC6009994 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term 'hedonic hunger' refers to one's preoccupation with and desire to consume foods for the purposes of pleasure and in the absence of physical hunger. The Power of Food Scale (PFS) was developed as a quantitative measure of this construct in 2009. Since then, over 50 published studies have used the PFS to predict appetite-related outcomes including neural, cognitive, behavioural, anthropometric and clinical measures. OBJECTIVE This narrative review evaluates how closely the PFS captures the construct it was originally presumed to assess and to more clearly define hedonic hunger itself. METHODS The measure's relationship to four domains is reviewed and summarized: motivation to consume palatable foods; level of actual consumption of such foods; body mass; and subjective loss-of-control over one's eating behaviour. Findings are synthesized to generate a more accurate understanding of what the PFS measures and how it may relate to the broader definition of hedonic hunger. RESULTS Results suggest that the PFS is closely related to motivation to consume palatable foods and, in extreme cases, occurrence of loss-of-control eating episodes. PFS scores are not consistently predictive of amount of food consumed or body mass. CONCLUSIONS Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of behavioural health, and avenues for further inquiry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. F. Muratore
- Department of PsychologyDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - M. R. Lowe
- Department of PsychologyDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Conceição EM, de Lourdes M, Pinto-Bastos A, Vaz AR, Brandão I, Ramalho S. Problematic eating behaviors and psychopathology in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: The mediating role of loss of control eating. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:507-517. [PMID: 29663468 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares different problematic eating behaviors (PEBs; objective [OBE]/subjective [SBE] binge-eating and compulsive [CG]/noncompulsive [NCG] grazing) in relation to the severity of loss of control (LOC) and psychopathology. We also investigate LOC as a mediator between PEBs and psychopathology. METHOD This cross-sectional study assessed a group of patients before bariatric surgery (n = 163), and a group of bariatric patients 12 months or more after surgery (n = 131). Face-to-face assessment: Eating Disorders Examination for binge-eating episodes; Rep(eat) for grazing. LOC was measured by five questions answered in a 5-point Likert scale. Self-report measures: disordered eating, grazing, negative urgency, depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS OBEs were reported by 26(8.8%), SBE by 29(9.8%), CG by 35(11.9%), and NCG by 36(12.2%) of patients. The different PEBs differed significantly in the severity of LOC (F(3,120)= 25.81, p < .001). Patients reporting OBEs scored higher and patients with NCG scored lower in most measures than patients with other PEBs. Patients with any PEBs scored higher in all self-report measures than those not reporting any PEBs, with statistical significance reached for uncontrolled eating (F(4,288)= 20.21, p < .001), emotional eating (F(4,288)= 23.10, p < .001), repetitive eating F(4,288)= 18.34, p < .001), and compulsive grazing (F(4,288)= 27.14, p < .001). LOC was found to be a full mediator between PEBs and psychopathology. DISCUSSION There is no evidence that the different PEBs differ in the psychopathology severity, independently of the experience of LOC eating during the eating episodes. We show evidence for the conceptualization of different PEB, including grazing, on a continuous scale of LOC and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Conceição
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto-Bastos
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Brandão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramalho
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Cyr M, Yang X, Horga G, Marsh R. Abnormal fronto-striatal activation as a marker of threshold and subthreshold Bulimia Nervosa. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1796-1804. [PMID: 29322687 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether functional disturbances in fronto-striatal control circuits characterize adolescents with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) spectrum eating disorders regardless of clinical severity. FMRI was used to assess conflict-related brain activations during performance of a Simon task in two samples of adolescents with BN symptoms compared with healthy adolescents. The BN samples differed in the severity of their clinical presentation, illness duration and age. Multi-voxel pattern analyses (MVPAs) based on machine learning were used to determine whether patterns of fronto-striatal activation characterized adolescents with BN spectrum disorders regardless of clinical severity, and whether accurate classification of less symptomatic adolescents (subthreshold BN; SBN) could be achieved based on patterns of activation in adolescents who met DSM5 criteria for BN. MVPA classification analyses revealed that both BN and SBN adolescents could be accurately discriminated from healthy adolescents based on fronto-striatal activation. Notably, the patterns detected in more severely ill BN compared with healthy adolescents accurately discriminated less symptomatic SBN from healthy adolescents. Deficient activation of fronto-striatal circuits can characterize BN early in its course, when clinical presentations are less severe, perhaps pointing to circuit-based disturbances as useful biomarker or risk factor for the disorder, and a tool for understanding its developmental trajectory, as well as the development of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Cyr
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xiao Yang
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Guillermo Horga
- The Division of Translational Imaging, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Marsh
- The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Espel HM, Muratore AF, Lowe MR. An investigation of two dimensions of impulsivity as predictors of loss-of-control eating severity and frequency. Appetite 2017; 117:9-16. [PMID: 28601678 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-control (LOC) eating episodes represent one form of dysregulated eating common to full- and sub-threshold eating disorders. Extensive evidence suggests that impulsivity, particularly in the context of negative affect and/or depression, may play an important etiological role in the development and maintenance of LOC eating. However, most prior studies have considered LOC eating as a dichotomous rather than dimensional construct, and few studies have considered the interaction of multiple dimensions of impulsivity while also accounting for the role of depressive symptoms. The present study examined the independent and interacting effects of two facets of impulsivity-response inhibition and negative urgency-on LOC eating episode severity and frequency among college women (N = 102). Depressive symptom severity was included as a covariate. Results indicated that greater negative urgency was associated with greater LOC severity; this effect was moderated by response inhibition, such that the effect of urgency was particularly pronounced for individuals with higher response inhibition capacity. Negative urgency was the only significant predictor of LOC frequency. Depression had no significant effect on either LOC severity or frequency (ps ≥ 0.16). Results support the importance of considering multiple facets of impulsivity in predicting LOC eating behavior, and further indicate that factors influencing subjective severity and frequency of LOC may be distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie M Espel
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cyr M, Kopala-Sibley DC, Lee S, Chen C, Stefan M, Fontaine M, Terranova K, Berner LA, Marsh R. Reduced Inferior and Orbital Frontal Thickness in Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa Persists Over Two-Year Follow-Up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:866-874.e7. [PMID: 28942809 PMCID: PMC5648351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional data suggest functional and anatomical disturbances in inferior and orbital frontal regions in bulimia nervosa (BN). Using longitudinal data, we investigated whether reduced cortical thickness (CT) in these regions arises early and persists over adolescence in BN, independent of symptom remission, and whether CT reductions are markers of BN symptoms. METHOD A total of 33 adolescent females with BN symptoms (BN or other specified feeding or eating disorder) and 28 healthy adolescents participated in this study. Anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data were acquired at 3 time points within 2-year intervals over adolescence, with 31% average attrition between assessments. Using a region-of-interest approach, we assessed group differences in CT at baseline and over time, and tested whether between- and within-subject variations in CT were associated with the frequency of BN symptoms. RESULTS Reduced CT in the right inferior frontal gyrus persisted over adolescence in BN compared to healthy adolescents, even in those who achieved full or partial remission. Within the BN group, between-subject variations in CT in the inferior and orbital frontal regions were inversely associated with specific BN symptoms, suggesting, on average over time, greater CT reductions in individuals with more frequent BN symptoms. CONCLUSION Reduced CT in inferior frontal regions may contribute to illness persistence into adulthood. Reductions in the thickness of the inferior and orbital frontal regions may be markers of specific BN symptoms. Because our sample size precluded correcting for multiple comparisons, these findings should be replicated in a larger sample. Future study of functional changes in associated fronto-striatal circuits could identify potential circuit-based intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Cyr
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
| | | | - Seonjoo Lee
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Mihaela Stefan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Martine Fontaine
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Kate Terranova
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | | | - Rachel Marsh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
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Goldschmidt AB. Are loss of control while eating and overeating valid constructs? A critical review of the literature. Obes Rev 2017; 18:412-449. [PMID: 28165655 PMCID: PMC5502406 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating is a marker of weight gain and obesity, and a hallmark feature of eating disorders. Yet its component constructs - overeating and loss of control (LOC) while eating - are poorly understood and difficult to measure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to critically review the human literature concerning the validity of LOC and overeating across the age and weight spectrum. DATA SOURCES English-language articles addressing the face, convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of LOC and overeating were included. RESULTS Loss of control and overeating appear to have adequate face validity. Emerging evidence supports the convergent and predictive validity of the LOC construct, given its unique cross-sectional and prospective associations with numerous anthropometric, psychosocial and eating behaviour-related factors. Overeating may be best conceptualized as a marker of excess weight status. LIMITATIONS Binge eating constructs, particularly in the context of subjectively large episodes, are challenging to measure reliably. Few studies addressed overeating in the absence of LOC, thereby limiting conclusions about the validity of the overeating construct independent of LOC. Additional studies addressing the discriminant validity of both constructs are warranted. DISCUSSION Suggestions for future weight-related research and for appropriately defining binge eating in the eating disorders diagnostic scheme are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Reward-Based Spatial Learning in Teens With Bulimia Nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:962-971.e3. [PMID: 27806864 PMCID: PMC5098471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the functioning of mesolimbic and fronto-striatal areas involved in reward-based spatial learning in teenaged girls with bulimia nervosa (BN) that might be involved in the development and maintenance of maladaptive behaviors characteristic of the disorder. METHOD We compared functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent response in 27 adolescent girls with BN to that of 27 healthy, age-matched control participants during a reward-based learning task that required learning to use extra-maze cues to navigate a virtual 8-arm radial maze to find hidden rewards. We compared groups in their patterns of brain activation associated with reward-based spatial learning versus a control condition in which rewards were unexpected because they were allotted pseudo-randomly to experimentally prevent learning. RESULTS Both groups learned to navigate the maze to find hidden rewards, but group differences in brain activity associated with maze navigation and reward processing were detected in the fronto-striatal regions and right anterior hippocampus. Unlike healthy adolescents, those with BN did not engage the right inferior frontal gyrus during maze navigation, activated the right anterior hippocampus during the receipt of unexpected rewards (control condition), and deactivated the left superior frontal gyrus and right anterior hippocampus during expected reward receipt (learning condition). These patterns of hippocampal activation in the control condition were significantly associated with the frequency of binge-eating episodes. CONCLUSION Adolescents with BN displayed abnormal functioning of the anterior hippocampus and fronto-striatal regions during reward-based spatial learning. These findings suggest that an imbalance in control and reward circuits may arise early in the course of BN. Clinical trial registration information-An fMRI Study of Self-Regulation in Adolescents With Bulimia Nervosa; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00345943.
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Utzinger LM, Gowey MA, Zeller M, Jenkins TM, Engel SG, Rofey DL, Inge TH, Mitchell JE. Loss of control eating and eating disorders in adolescents before bariatric surgery. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:947-952. [PMID: 27196378 PMCID: PMC5082705 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed loss of control (LOC) eating and eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery for severe obesity. METHOD Preoperative baseline data from the Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) multisite observational study (n = 242; median BMI = 51 kg/m2 ; mean age= 17; 76% female adolescents; 72% Caucasian) included anthropometric and self-report questionnaires, including the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids (IWQOL-Kids) RESULTS: LOC eating (27%) was common and ED diagnoses included binge-eating disorder (7%), night eating syndrome (5%), and bulimia nervosa (1%). Compared to those without LOC eating, those with LOC eating reported greater depressive symptomatology and greater impairment in weight-related quality of life. DISCUSSION Before undergoing bariatric surgery, adolescents with severe obesity present with problematic disordered eating behaviors and meet diagnostic criteria for EDs. LOC eating, in particular, was associated with several negative psychosocial factors. Findings highlight targets for assessment and intervention in adolescents before bariatric surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:947-952).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey M Utzinger
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota.
| | - Marissa A Gowey
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Meg Zeller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Todd M Jenkins
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott G Engel
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Dana L Rofey
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James E Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
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