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Wamucho A, Unrine J, May J, Tsyusko O. Global DNA Adenine Methylation in Caenorhabditis elegans after Multigenerational Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6168. [PMID: 37047139 PMCID: PMC10094302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multigenerational and transgenerational reproductive toxicity in a model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown previously after exposure to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and silver ions (AgNO3). However, there is a limited understanding on the transfer mechanism of the increased reproductive sensitivity to subsequent generations. This study examines changes in DNA methylation at epigenetic mark N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (6mdA) after multigenerational exposure of C. elegans to pristine and transformed-via-sulfidation Ag-NPs and AgNO3. Levels of 6mdA were measured as 6mdA/dA ratios prior to C. elegans exposure (F0) after two generations of exposure (F2) and two generations of rescue (F4) using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Although both AgNO3 and Ag-NPs induced multigenerational reproductive toxicity, only AgNO3 exposure caused a significant increase in global 6mdA levels after exposures (F2). However, after two generations of rescue (F4), the 6mdA levels in AgNO3 treatment returned to F0 levels, suggesting other epigenetic modifications may be also involved. No significant changes in global DNA methylation levels were observed after exposure to pristine and sulfidized sAg-NPs. This study demonstrates the involvement of an epigenetic mark in AgNO3 reproductive toxicity and suggests that AgNO3 and Ag-NPs may have different toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anye Wamucho
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street., Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, 504 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - John May
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Olga Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Díaz-Morales DM, Erasmus JH, Bosch S, Nachev M, Smit NJ, Zimmermann S, Wepener V, Sures B. Metal contamination and toxicity of soils and river sediments from the world's largest platinum mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117284. [PMID: 33984780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities in the world's largest platinum mining area in South Africa have resulted in environmental contamination with Pt (e.g., the Hex River's vicinity). The present study compared a Pt mining area with a non-mining area along this river in terms of (1) metal concentrations in different grain size fractions from soils and aquatic sediments; (2) the toxicological potential of aquatic sediments based on the Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guideline (CBSQG); and (3) the chronic toxicity of aqueous eluates from soils and sediments to Caenorhabditis elegans. Platinum concentrations were higher in the mining area than in the non-mining area. For most metals, the sediment silt and clay fraction contained the highest metal concentrations. Based on the CBSQG, most sampling sites exhibited a high toxicological potential, driven by Cr and Ni. Eluate toxicity testing revealed that C. elegans growth, fertility, and reproduction inhibition were not dependent on mining activities or the CBSQG predictions. Toxicity was instead likely due to Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pt, and Pb. In conclusion, the investigated region is loaded with a high geogenic background resulting in high reproduction inhibition. The mining activities lead to additional environmental metal contamination (particularly Pt), contributing to environmental soil and sediment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakeishla M Díaz-Morales
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Johannes H Erasmus
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Suanne Bosch
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Sonja Zimmermann
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Bortolozzo LS, Côa F, Khan LU, Medeiros AMZ, Da Silva GH, Delite FS, Strauss M, Martinez DST. Mitigation of graphene oxide toxicity in C. elegans after chemical degradation with sodium hypochlorite. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130421. [PMID: 33839394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising and strategic carbon-based nanomaterial for innovative and disruptive technologies. It is therefore essential to address its environmental health and safety aspects. In this work, we evaluated the chemical degradation of graphene oxide by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, bleach water) and its consequences over toxicity, on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The morphological, chemical, and structural properties of GO and its degraded product, termed NaClO-GO, were characterized, exploring an integrated approach. After the chemical degradation of GO at room temperature, its flake size was reduced from 156 to 29 nm, while NaClO-GO showed changes in UV-vis absorption, and an increase in the amount of oxygenated surface groups, which dramatically improved its colloidal stability in moderately hard reconstituted water (EPA medium). Acute and chronic exposure endpoints (survival, growth, fertility, and reproduction) were monitored to evaluate material toxicities. NaClO-GO presented lower toxicity at all endpoints. For example, an increase of over 100% in nematode survival was verified for the degraded material when compared to GO at 10 mg L-1. Additionally, enhanced dark-field hyperspectral microscopy confirmed the oral uptake of both materials by C. elegans. Finally, this work represents a new contribution toward a better understanding of the links between the transformation of graphene-based materials and nanotoxicity effects (mitigation), which is mandatory for the safety improvements that are required to maximize nanotechnological benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Bortolozzo
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Côa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Latif U Khan
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline M Z Medeiros
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H Da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabricio S Delite
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Schultz CL, Bart S, Lahive E, Spurgeon DJ. What Is on the Outside Matters-Surface Charge and Dissolve Organic Matter Association Affect the Toxicity and Physiological Mode of Action of Polystyrene Nanoplastics to C. elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6065-6075. [PMID: 33848142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To better understand nanoplastic effects, the potential for surface functionalization and dissolve organic matter eco-corona formation to modify the mechanisms of action and toxicity of different nanoplastics needs to be established. Here, we assess how different surface charges modifying functionalization (postive (+ve) aminated; neutral unfunctionalized; negative (-ve) carboxylated) altered the toxicity of 50 and 60 nm polystyrene nanoplastics to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The potency for effects on survival, growth, and reproduction reduced in the order +ve aminated > neutral unfunctionalized ≫ -ve carboxylated with toxicity >60-fold higher for the +ve than -ve charged forms. Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling (DEBtox) showed that the charge-related potency was primarily linked to differences in effect thresholds and dose-associated damage parameters, rather than to toxicokinetic parameters. This suggests that surface functionalization may change the nature of nanoplastic interactions with membrane and organelles leading to variations in toxicity. Eco-corona formation reduced the toxicity of all nanoplastics indicating that organic molecule associations may passivate surfaces. Between particles, eco-corona interactions resulting in more equivalent effects; however, even despite these changes, the order of potency of the charged forms was retained. These results have important implications for the development of future grouping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin L Schultz
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Bart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
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Wamucho A, Heffley A, Tsyusko OV. Epigenetic effects induced by silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans after multigenerational exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138523. [PMID: 32305644 PMCID: PMC11370278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on reproduction of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been observed previously. However, mechanisms of this reproductive sensitivity are unknown. Here we examine whether epigenetic changes occur as a result of multigenerational exposure to Ag-NPs and whether such modifications can be inherited by unexposed generations. Changes at histone methylation markers, histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) and histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), known to affect reproduction, as well as changes in the expression of the genes encoding demethylases and methyltransferases associated with the selected markers, were investigated. We exposed C. elegans at EC30 to AgNO3, pristine Ag-NPs, and its environmentally transformed product, sulfidized Ag-NPs (sAg-NPs). Histone methylation levels at H3K4me2 increase in response to pristine Ag-NP exposure and did not recover after rescue from the exposure, suggesting transgenerational inheritance. Compared to pristine Ag-NPs, exposure to transformed sAg-NPs significantly decreased H3K4me2 and H3K9me3 levels. These changes in the histone methylation were also supported by expression of spr-5 and jmjd-2 (H3K4me2 and H3K9me3 demethylases, respectively) and set-30 (H3K4me2 methyltransferase). Our study demonstrates that multigenerational exposure to Ag-NPs induces epigenetic changes that are inherited by unexposed offspring. However, environmental transformations of Ag-NPs may also reduce toxicity via epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes at histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anye Wamucho
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Allison Heffley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Miami University, 501 E. High St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Li SW, Huang CW, Liao VHC. Early-life long-term exposure to ZnO nanoparticles suppresses innate immunity regulated by SKN-1/Nrf and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113382. [PMID: 31662252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has led to their release into the environment, and they thus represent a potential risk for both humans and ecosystems. However, the negative impact of ZnO-NPs on the immune system, especially in relation to host defense against pathogenic infection and its underlying regulatory mechanisms, remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the effects of early-life long-term ZnO-NPs exposure (from L1 larvae to adults) on innate immunity and its underlying mechanisms using a host-pathogen Caenorhabditis elegans model, and this was compared with the effect of ionic Zn. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs taken up by C. elegans primarily accumulated in the intestine and that early-life long-term ZnO-NPs exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (50 and 500 μg/L) decreased the survival of wild-type C. elegans when faced with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection. Early-life long-term ZnO-NPs (500 μg/L) exposure significantly increased (by about 3-fold) the accumulation of live P. aeruginosa PA14 colonies in the intestine of C. elegans. In addition, ZnO-NPs (500 μg/L) inhibited the intestinal nuclear translocation of SKN-1 and also downregulated gcs-1 gene expression, which is an SKN-1 target gene. Further evidence revealed that early-life long-term exposure to ZnO-NPs (500 μg/L) did not increase susceptibility to mutation among the genes (pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1) encoding the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in response to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection, though ZnO-NPs significantly decreased the mRNA levels of pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1. This study provides regulatory insight based on evidence that ZnO-NPs suppress the innate immunity of C. elegans and highlights the potential health risks of certain environmental nanomaterials, including ZnO-NPs, in terms of their immunotoxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Wamucho A, Unrine JM, Kieran TJ, Glenn TC, Schultz CL, Farman M, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ, Tsyusko OV. Genomic mutations after multigenerational exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113078. [PMID: 31479814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed heritable reproductive toxicity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans after multigenerational exposure to AgNO3 and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The aim of this study was to determine whether such inheritable effects are correlated with induced germline mutations in C. elegans. Individual C. elegans lineages were exposed for 10 generations to equitoxic concentrations at EC30 of AgNO3, Ag-NPs, and sulfidized Ag-NPs (sAg-NPs), a predominant environmentally transformed product of pristine Ag-NPs. The mutations were detected via whole genome DNA sequencing approach by comparing F0 and F10 generations. An increase in the total number of variants, though not statistically significant, was observed for all Ag treatments and the variants were mainly contributed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This potentially contributed towards reproductive as well as growth toxicity shown previously after ten generations of exposure in every Ag treatment. However, despite Ag-NPs and AgNO3 inducing stronger reproductive toxicity than sAg-NPs, exposure to sAg-NPs resulted in higher mutation accumulation with significant increase in the number of transversions. Thus our results suggest that other mechanisms of inheritance, such as epigenetics, may be at play in Ag-NP- and AgNO3-induced multigenerational and transgenerational reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anye Wamucho
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, 306 Health Science Research Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, 306 Health Science Research Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Troy J Kieran
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 120 Green St., GA 30602-7223, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 120 Green St., GA 30602-7223, USA
| | - Carolin L Schultz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK; Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, 225 Plant Science Building, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, 306 Health Science Research Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Wu T, Xu H, Liang X, Tang M. Caenorhabditis elegans as a complete model organism for biosafety assessments of nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:708-726. [PMID: 30677729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of biosafety evaluation studies of nanoparticles (NPs) using different biological models is increasing with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Thus far, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a complete model organism, has become an important in vivo alternative assay system to assess the risk of NPs, especially at the environmental level. According to results of qualitative and quantitative analyses, it can be concluded that studies of nanoscientific research using C. elegans is persistently growing. However, the comprehensive conclusion and analysis of toxic effects of NPs in C. elegans are limited and chaotic. This review focused on the effects, especially sublethal ones, induced by NPs in C. elegans, including the development, intestinal function, immune response, neuronal function, and reproduction, as well as the underlying mechanisms of NPs causing these effects, including oxidative stress and alterations of several signaling pathways. Furthermore, we presented some factors that influence the toxic effects of NPs in C. elegans. The advantages and limitations of using nematodes in the nanotoxicology study were also discussed. Finally, we predicted that the application of C. elegans to assess long-term impacts of metal oxide NPs in the ecosystem would become a vital part of the nanoscientific research field, which provided an insight for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hongsheng Xu
- State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, 211000, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Sinis SI, Gourgoulianis KI, Hatzoglou C, Zarogiannis SG. Mechanisms of engineered nanoparticle induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:29-34. [PMID: 30710828 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wide-spread implementation of nanoparticles poses a major health concern. Unique biokinetics allow them to transfer to neurons throughout the body and inflict neurotoxicity, which is challenging to evaluate solely in mammalian experimental models due to logistics, financial and ethical limitations. In recent years, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a promising nanotoxicology experimental surrogate due to characteristics such as ease of culture, short life cycle and high number of progeny. Most importantly, this model organism has a well conserved and fully described nervous system rendering it ideal for use in neurotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles. In that context, this mini review aims to summarize the main mechanistic findings on nanoparticle related neurotoxicity in the setting of Caenorhabditis elegans screening. The injury pathway primarily involves changes in intestinal permeability and defecation frequency both of which facilitate translocation at the site of neurons, where toxicity formation is linked partly to oxidative stress and perturbed neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios I Sinis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
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Starnes D, Unrine J, Chen C, Lichtenberg S, Starnes C, Svendsen C, Kille P, Morgan J, Baddar ZE, Spear A, Bertsch P, Chen KC, Tsyusko O. Toxicogenomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and transformed zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:917-926. [PMID: 30823346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) undergo transformation immediately after they enter wastewater treatment streams and during their partitioning to sewage sludge, which is applied to agricultural soils in form of biosolids. We examined toxicogenomic responses of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and transformed ZnO-MNPs (phosphatized pZnO- and sulfidized sZnO-MNPs). To account for the toxicity due to dissolved Zn, a ZnSO4 treatment was included. Transformation of ZnO-MNPs reduced their toxicity by nearly ten-fold, while there was almost no difference in the toxicity of pristine ZnO-MNPs and ZnSO4. This combined with the fact that far more dissolved Zn was released from ZnO- compared to pZnO- or sZnO-MNPs, suggests that dissolution of pristine ZnO-MNPs is one of the main drivers of their toxicity. Transcriptomic responses at the EC30 for reproduction resulted in a total of 1161 differentially expressed genes. Fifty percent of the genes differentially expressed in the ZnSO4 treatment, including the three metal responsive genes (mtl-1, mtl-2 and numr-1), were shared among all treatments, suggesting that responses to all forms of Zn could be partially attributed to dissolved Zn. However, the toxicity and transcriptomic responses in all MNP treatments cannot be fully explained by dissolved Zn. Two of the biological pathways identified, one essential for protein biosynthesis (Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis) and another associated with detoxification (ABC transporters), were shared among pristine and one or both transformed ZnO-MNPs, but not ZnSO4. When comparing pristine and transformed ZnO-MNPs, 66% and 40% of genes were shared between ZnO-MNPs and sZnO-MNPs or pZnO-MNPs, respectively. This suggests greater similarity in transcriptomic responses between ZnO-MNPs and sZnO-MNPs, while toxicity mechanisms are more distinct for pZnO-MNPs, where 13 unique biological pathways were identified. Based on these pathways, the toxicity of pZnO-MNPs is likely to be associated with their adverse effect on digestion and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Starnes
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Math and Computer Science, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Stuart Lichtenberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Catherine Starnes
- Department of Math and Computer Science, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA; Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - John Morgan
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Zeinah Elhaj Baddar
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amanda Spear
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paul Bertsch
- Division of Land and Water, CSIRO, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kuey Chu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Olga Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Qian TT, Wu P, Qin QY, Huang YN, Wang YJ, Zhou DM. Screening of wheat straw biochars for the remediation of soils polluted with Zn (II) and Cd (II). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:311-317. [PMID: 30243254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization behaviors of Zn(II) and Cd(II) by wheat straw (WS) biochars could vary with the soil conditions. In the acidic environment, WS biochars produced at low temperature were more competent than those produced at high temperature on Zn(II) and Cd(II) immobilization; while WS biochars produced at high temperature were more effective than those produced at low temperature in the alkaline environment. The ions in the porewater could compromise the sorption capacities of Zn(II) and Cd(II) by WS biochars in acidic soils, while could enhance them in alkaline soils. For biochars produced at the same temperature, residence time had little effect on their behaviors of Zn(II) and Cd(II) immobilization. Only a small portion of immobilized Zn(II)/Cd(II) could be released from WS biochar in the simulated acid rain. Compared with Zn(II)/Cd(II) adsorbed on the acidic functional groups, Zn(II)/Cd(II) precipitates were more stable in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution. Most of the Zn(II) and Cd(II) species on biochar could be released in 1 mM citric acid solution. The immobilized Zn(II) and Cd(II) on WS biochar are likely to be released into the soil environment in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Qian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Qin
- Jiangsu Provincial Construction Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Ying-Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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12
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Schultz CL, Lahive E, Lawlor A, Crossley A, Puntes V, Unrine JM, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Influence of soil porewater properties on the fate and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2609-2618. [PMID: 30003578 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) entering the environment are subject to various transformations that in turn influence how particles are presented to, and taken up by, organisms. To understand the effect of soil properties on the toxicity of nanosilver to Caenorhabditis elegans, toxicity assays were performed in porewater extracts from natural soils with varying organic matter content and pH using 3-8 nm unfunctionalized silver (Ag 3-8Unf), 52-nm polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag NPs (Ag 52PVP), and AgNO3 as ionic Ag. Effects on NP agglomeration and stability were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4); Ag+ showed greater overall toxicity than nanosilver, with little difference between the NP types. Increasing soil organic matter content significantly decreased the toxicity of Ag 3-8Unf, whereas it increased that of AgNO3 . The toxicity of all Ag treatments significantly decreased with increasing porewater pH. Dissolution of both NPs in the porewater extracts was too low to have contributed to their observed toxic effects. The UV-vis spectroscopy revealed low levels of agglomeration/aggregation independent of soil properties for Ag 3-8Unf, whereas higher organic matter as well as low pH appeared to stabilize Ag 52PVP. Overall, both soil organic matter content and pH affected NP fate as well as toxicity to C. elegans; however, there appears to be no clear connection between the measured particle characteristics and their effect. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2609-2618. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin L Schultz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Lawlor
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Crossley
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
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13
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Kleiven M, Rossbach LM, Gallego-Urrea JA, Brede DA, Oughton DH, Coutris C. Characterizing the behavior, uptake, and toxicity of NM300K silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1799-1810. [PMID: 29603779 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we addressed the potential linkage among toxicity of NM300K Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), their particle size distribution, and the presence of dissolved Ag in the test media. Of the 3 endpoints assessed (growth, fertility, and reproduction), reproduction was the most sensitive, with the 50% effect concentration (EC50) ranging from 0.26 to 0.84 mg Ag L-1 and 0.08 to 0.11 mg Ag L-1 for NM300K and AgNO3 , respectively. Silver uptake by C. elegans was similar for both forms of Ag, whereas bioaccumulation was higher in AgNO3 exposure. The observed differences in toxicity between NM300K and AgNO3 did not correlate with bioaccumulated Ag, which suggests that toxicity is a function of the type of exposing agent (AgNPs vs AgNO3 ) and its mode of action. Before addition of the food source (Escherichia coli), size fractionation revealed that dissolved Ag comprised 13 to 90% and 4 to 8% of total Ag in the AgNO3 and NM300K treatments, respectively. No dissolved Ag was detectable in the actual test media due to immediate Ag adsorption to bacteria. The results of the present study indicate that information on behavior and characterization of exposure conditions is essential for nanotoxicity studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1799-1810. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merethe Kleiven
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lisa M Rossbach
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Julian A Gallego-Urrea
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Dag A Brede
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Deborah H Oughton
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Claire Coutris
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien, Ås, Norway
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14
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Mugova F, Read DS, Riding MJ, Martin FL, Tyne W, Svendsen C, Spurgeon D. Phenotypic responses in Caenorhabditis elegans following chronic low-level exposures to inorganic and organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:920-930. [PMID: 29095522 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Responses of organisms to sublethal exposure of environmental stressors can be difficult to detect. We investigated phenotypic changes in the tissue of Caenorhabditis elegans via Raman spectroscopy, as well as survival and reproductive output when exposed to chronic low doses of metals (copper, zinc, or silver), an herbicide (diuron), and a pesticide (imidacloprid). Raman spectroscopy measures changes in phenotype by providing information about the molecular composition and relative abundance of biomolecules. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the significance of treatment phenotype segregation plots compared with controls. Dose-dependent responses were observed for copper, zinc, silver, and diuron, whereas imidacloprid exposure resulted in a small response over the tested concentrations. Concentration-dependent shifts in nematode biomolecular phenotype were observed for copper. Despite having a dose-dependent reproductive response, silver, diuron, and imidacloprid produced inconsistent biological phenotype patterns. In contrast, there was a clear stepwise change between low concentrations (0.00625-0.5 mg/L) and higher concentration (1-2 mg/L) of ionic zinc. The findings demonstrate that measuring phenotypic responses via Raman spectroscopy can provide insights into the biomolecular mechanisms of toxicity. Despite the lack of consistency between survival and Raman-measured phenotypic changes, the results support the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to detect sublethal responses of chemicals in whole organisms and to identify toxic effect thresholds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:920-930. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Mugova
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Read
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Riding
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Francis L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - William Tyne
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
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15
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Schultz CL, Wamucho A, Tsyusko OV, Unrine JM, Crossley A, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Multigenerational exposure to silver ions and silver nanoparticles reveals heightened sensitivity and epigenetic memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2911. [PMID: 27306046 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects from multigenerational exposures to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in their pristine and transformed states are currently unknown despite such exposures being an increasingly common scenario in natural environments. Here, we examine how exposure over 10 generations affects the sensitivity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized Ag ENPs and AgNO3 We also include populations that were initially exposed over six generations but kept unexposed for subsequent four generations to allow recovery from exposure. Toxicity of the different silver forms decreased in the order AgNO3, Ag ENPs and Ag2S ENPs. Continuous exposure to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 caused pronounced sensitization (approx. 10-fold) in the F2 generation, which was sustained until F10. This sensitization was less pronounced for Ag2S ENP exposures, indicating different toxicity mechanisms. Subtle changes in size and lifespan were also measured. In the recovery populations, the sensitivity to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 resulting from the initial multigenerational exposure persisted. Their response sensitivity for all endpoints was most closely related to the last ancestral exposed generation (F5), rather than unexposed controls. The mechanisms of transgenerational transfer of sensitivity are probably organized through the epigenome, and we encourage others to investigate such effects as a priority for mechanistic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin L Schultz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Anye Wamucho
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Alison Crossley
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
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16
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Cagno S, Brede DA, Nuyts G, Vanmeert F, Pacureanu A, Tucoulou R, Cloetens P, Falkenberg G, Janssens K, Salbu B, Lind OC. Combined Computed Nanotomography and Nanoscopic X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of Cobalt Nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11435-11442. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cagno
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Faculty of
Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Faculty of
Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Gert Nuyts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Frederik Vanmeert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Remi Tucoulou
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Cloetens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koen Janssens
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Faculty of
Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Faculty of
Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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17
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Luo X, Xu S, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Chen S, Xu A, Wu L. A novel method for assessing the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:648-657. [PMID: 27836269 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, nanotechnology has been producing nanoscale materials with unprecedented speed. Nanomaterials could be inevitably released into the environment owing to their widespread use, and their potential toxicity has caused a great concern. With regard to assessment of nanomaterial toxicity, many studies probably don't truly reflect their toxicity, because the nanoparticles were not stable and uniformly dispersed in the medium. In the present study, the semi-fluid nematode growth gelrite medium (NGG) was used to achieve better distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We aimed to evaluate the toxicity of AgNPs in three different culture methods, such as the NGG, nematode growth medium (NGM) and K-medium (KM). Our transmission electron microscopy, hydrodynamic diameter, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry results demonstrated that AgNPs homogeneously and stably dispersed in NGG compared to that in liquid KM. Furthermore, the conventional toxicity end points, such as body length, fecundity, lifespan, population growth, germline cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential were used to assess the toxicity of AgNPs to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in NGG, NGM and KM. Our results showed that the toxicity of AgNPs obtained in the NGG test medium was much higher than that in the standard NGM and KM. In addition to the improved dispersion of nanoparticles, NGG also offered advantages for long-term studies and likely provided a convenient nematode toxicity testing method. These results revealed that the NGG test medium was a suitable and sensitive culture method for the evaluation of AgNPs toxicity using C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yaning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Shunchang Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
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18
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Huang CW, Li SW, Hsiu-Chuan Liao V. Chronic ZnO-NPs exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations results in metabolic and locomotive toxicities in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1456-1464. [PMID: 27839994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are emerging contaminants that raise the concerns of potential risk in the aquatic environment. It has been estimated that the environmental ZnO-NPs concentration is 76 μg/l in the aquatic environment. Our aim was to determine the aquatic toxicity of ZnO-NPs with chronic exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Two simulated environmentally relevant mediums-moderately hard reconstituted water (EPA water) and simulated soil pore water (SSPW)-were used to represent surface water and pore water in sediment, respectively. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs in EPA water has a much smaller hydrodynamic diameter than that in SSPW. Although the ionic release of Zn ions increased time-dependently in both mediums, the Zn ions concentrations in EPA water increased two-fold more than that in SSPW at 48 h and 72 h. The ZnO-NPs did not induce growth defects or decrease head thrashes in C. elegans in either media. However, chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs caused a significant reduction in C. elegans body bends in EPA water even with a relatively low concentration (0.05 μg/l); similar results were not observed in SSPW. Moreover, at the same concentrations (50 and 500 μg/l), body bends in C. elegans were reduced more severely in ZnO-NPs than in ZnCl2 in EPA water. The ATP levels were consistently and significantly decreased, and ROS was induced after ZnO-NPs exposure (50 and 500 μg/l) in EPA water. Our results provide evidences that chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs under environmentally relevant concentrations causes metabolic and locomotive toxicities implicating the potential ecotoxicity of ZnO-NPs at low concentrations in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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19
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Starnes DL, Lichtenberg SS, Unrine JM, Starnes CP, Oostveen EK, Lowry GV, Bertsch PM, Tsyusko OV. Distinct transcriptomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:314-321. [PMID: 26925754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured nanoparticles (MNP) rapidly undergo aging processes once released from products. Silver sulfide (Ag2S) is the major transformation product formed during the wastewater treatment process for Ag-MNP. We examined toxicogenomic responses of pristine Ag-MNP, sulfidized Ag-MNP (sAg-MNP), and AgNO3 to a model soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Transcriptomic profiling of nematodes which were exposed at the EC30 for reproduction for AgNO3, Ag-MNP, and sAg-MNP resulted in 571 differentially expressed genes. We independently verified expression of 4 genes (numr-1, rol-8, col-158, and grl-20) using qRT-PCR. Only 11% of differentially expressed genes were common among the three treatments. Gene ontology enrichment analysis also revealed that Ag-MNP and sAg-MNP had distinct toxicity mechanisms and did not share any of the biological processes. The processes most affected by Ag-MNP relate to metabolism, while those processes most affected by sAg-MNP relate to molting and the cuticle, and the most impacted processes for AgNO3 exposed nematodes was stress related. Additionally, as observed from qRT-PCR and mutant experiments, the responses to sAg-MNP were distinct from AgNO3 while some of the effects of pristine MNP were similar to AgNO3, suggesting that effects from Ag-MNP is partially due to dissolved silver ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Starnes
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Stuart S Lichtenberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Catherine P Starnes
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, MDS Building 305, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Emily K Oostveen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Paul M Bertsch
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States; Division of Land and Water, CSIRO, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States.
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20
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Maurer LL, Ryde IT, Yang X, Meyer JN. Caenorhabditis elegans
as a Model for Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles: Lethality, Growth, and Reproduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 66:20.10.1-20.10.25. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx2010s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Maurer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Ian T. Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Durham North Carolina
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21
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Tyne W, Little S, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C. Hormesis depends upon the life-stage and duration of exposure: Examples for a pesticide and a nanomaterial. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:117-23. [PMID: 26057078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tests to assess toxic effects on the reproduction of adult C. elegans after 72h exposure for two chemicals, (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)), also known as diuron, and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) indicated potential, although not significant hormesis. Follow up toxicity tests comparing the potential hormesis concentrations with controls at high replication confirmed that the stimulatory effect was repeatable and also statistically significant within the test. To understand the relevance of the hormesis effects for overall population fitness, full life-cycle toxicity tests were conducted for each chemical. When nematodes were exposed to DCMU over the full life-span, the hormesis effect for reproduction seen in short-term tests was no longer evident. Further at the putative hormesis concentrations, a negative effect of DCMU on time to maturation was also seen. For the Ag NPs, the EC50 for effects on reproduction in the life-cycle exposure was substantially lower than in the short-term test, the EC50s estimated by a three parameter log logistic model being 2.9mg/L and 0.75mg/L, respectively. This suggests that the level of toxicity for Ag NPs for C. elegans reproduction is dependant on the life stage exposed and possibly the duration of the exposure. Further, in the longer duration exposures, hormesis effects on reproduction seen in the short-term exposures were no longer apparent. Instead, all concentrations reduced both overall brood size and life-span. These results for both chemicals suggest that the hormesis observed for a single endpoint in short-term exposure may be the result of a temporary reallocation of resources between traits that are not sustained over the full life-time. Such reallocation is consistent with energy budget theories for organisms subject to toxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tyne
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Simon Little
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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22
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Starnes DL, Unrine JM, Starnes CP, Collin BE, Oostveen EK, Ma R, Lowry GV, Bertsch PM, Tsyusko OV. Impact of sulfidation on the bioavailability and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:239-46. [PMID: 25463719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation is a major transformation product for manufactured silver nanoparticles (Ag-MNPs) in the wastewater treatment process.We studied the dissolution, uptake, and toxicity of Ag-MNP and sulfidized Ag-MNPs (sAg-MNPs) to a model soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results show that reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint tested for both Ag-MNPs and sAg-MNPs. We also demonstrate that sulfidation not only decreases solubility of Ag-MNP, but also reduces the bioavailability of intact sAg-MNP. The relative contribution of released Ag(+) compared to intact particles to toxicity was concentration dependent. At lower total Ag concentration, a greater proportion of the toxicity could be explained by dissolved Ag, whereas at higher total Ag concentration, the toxicity appeared to be dominated by particle specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Starnes
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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23
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McShan D, Ray PC, Yu H. Molecular toxicity mechanism of nanosilver. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:116-127. [PMID: 24673909 PMCID: PMC4281024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver is an ancient antibiotic that has found many new uses due to its unique properties on the nanoscale. Due to its presence in many consumer products, the toxicity of nanosilver has become a hot topic. This review summarizes recent advances, particularly the molecular mechanism of nanosilver toxicity. The surface of nanosilver can easily be oxidized by O2 and other molecules in the environmental and biological systems leading to the release of Ag+, a known toxic ion. Therefore, nanosilver toxicity is closely related to the release of Ag+. In fact, it is difficult to determine what portion of the toxicity is from the nano-form and what is from the ionic form. The surface oxidation rate is closely related to the nanosilver surface coating, coexisting molecules, especially thiol-containing compounds, lighting conditions, and the interaction of nanosilver with nucleic acids, lipid molecules, and proteins in a biological system. Nanosilver has been shown to penetrate the cell and become internalized. Thus, nanosilver often acts as a source of Ag+ inside the cell. One of the main mechanisms of toxicity is that it causes oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species and causes damage to cellular components including DNA damage, activation of antioxidant enzymes, depletion of antioxidant molecules (e.g., glutathione), binding and disabling of proteins, and damage to the cell membrane. Several major questions remain to be answered: (1) the toxic contribution from the ionic form versus the nano-form; (2) key enzymes and signaling pathways responsible for the toxicity; and (3) effect of coexisting molecules on the toxicity and its relationship to surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McShan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paresh C Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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