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Villada-Bedoya S, Chávez-Ríos JR, Montoya B, Castelán F, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, González-Tokman D. Heat shock proteins and antioxidants as mechanisms of response to ivermectin in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128707. [PMID: 33168281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is the most common antiparasitic drug used in livestock in many regions of the world. Its residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target fauna such as dung beetles, fundamental for cleaning dung in pastures. However, it is unclear which are the physiological mechanisms used by dung beetles to cope with ivermectin. Here we evaluated experimentally the physiological responses of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to ivermectin-induced stress. We measured metabolic rates, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage in lipids in both males and females exposed to a sublethal dose. Compared to control beetles, ivermectin-treated males and females had increased metabolic rates. Moreover, ivermectin-treated females increased their expression of Hsp70 whereas males increased their antioxidant capacity. No changes in the levels of oxidative damage to lipids were detected for either sex, suggesting a process of hormesis, such that exposure to a moderate concentration of ivermectin could stimulate the action of a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, that differs between sexes. However, it does not exclude the possibility that damage to other biomolecules might have occurred. Sexual differences in physiological responses can be interpreted as the result of hormonal differences or life-history trade-offs that favor different mechanisms in females and males. Hsps and antioxidants are involved in the physiological response of beetles to ivermectin and may be key in providing resistance to this contaminant in target and non-target species, including dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Bibiana Montoya
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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Finch D, Schofield H, Floate KD, Kubasiewicz LM, Mathews F. Implications of Endectocide Residues on the Survival of Aphodiine Dung Beetles: A Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:863-872. [PMID: 32181912 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is often difficult to compare studies examining the effects of endectocides on dung fauna because of different experimental approaches, for example, active ingredients (eprinomectin, doramectin, ivermectin, moxidectin) and formulations (injectable, pour-on, spiked). To gain a better understanding, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis using 22 studies to assess the overall effect of endectocide residues on the occurrence (presence or absence) and abundance of aphodiine dung beetles. Our results document a positive effect on the occurrence of adult beetles, indicating that adults tend to be attracted to dung with residues. Conversely, larvae are less likely to occur in the presence of residues. Thus, either adults that colonize dung with residues do not lay eggs or, more likely, the larvae that hatch from these eggs die early in development. Abundance of adult and larval stages was shown to be significantly reduced in dung containing residues. When individual endectocides were compared, only ivermectin demonstrated a significantly negative effect on the abundance of both adults and larvae, possibly owing to a small sample size for other agents. In laboratory studies, only dung "spiked" with endectocides reduced the abundance of larvae, whereas during field research, only pour-on applications were shown to reduce the abundance of larvae. The present study further documents the nontarget effects of endectocide residues on dung-dwelling organisms, provides robust evidence on the consequences of different application methods, and emphasizes the need for standardized methodological techniques in future studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:863-872. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall Finch
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Schofield
- Vincent Wildlife Trust, Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor, Ledbury, Herefordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura M Kubasiewicz
- Research and Operational Support Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Mathews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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Powell K, Foster C, Evans S. Environmental dangers of veterinary antiparasitic agents. Vet Rec 2018; 183:599-600. [PMID: 30442850 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Powell
- Honddu Veterinary Practice, Ffrwdgrech Estate, Brecon, Powys LD3 8LA
| | - Charles Foster
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG
| | - Simon Evans
- Chief Executive, Wye and Usk Foundation, The Right Bank, The Square, Talgarth, Brecon LD3 0BW
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González-Tokman D, Martínez M I, Villalobos-Ávalos Y, Munguía-Steyer R, Ortiz-Zayas MDR, Cruz-Rosales M, Lumaret JP. Ivermectin alters reproductive success, body condition and sexual trait expression in dung beetles. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:129-135. [PMID: 28324834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a very common parasiticide used in livestock. It is excreted in the dung and has negative effects on survival and reproduction of dung-degrading organisms, including dung beetles. Here we exposed the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to different concentrations of ivermectin in the food and evaluated reproductive success and the expression of traits associated with survival and reproduction under laboratory conditions. It is the first time the effects of ivermectin were evaluated on offspring physiological condition and the expression of a secondary sexual trait. We also registered the number of emerged beetles, sex ratio and body size of emerged adult beetles. Besides reducing the number of emerged beetles and body size, as found in the same and other insects, ivermectin at high doses reduced muscle mass while at intermediate doses it increased lipid mass. Ivermectin changed offspring sex ratio and at high doses increased the size of male horn, which is an important trait defining the male mating success. Our results highlight the importance of regulating parasiticide usage in livestock in order to maintain ecosystem services provided by dung beetles and confirm that contaminants impose new environmental conditions that not only impact on wild animal survival, but also on evolutionary processes such as sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, Mexico; Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico.
| | - Imelda Martínez M
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Villalobos-Ávalos
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Roberto Munguía-Steyer
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes de Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Magdalena Cruz-Rosales
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Adler N, Bachmann J, Blanckenhorn WU, Floate KD, Jensen J, Römbke J. Effects of ivermectin application on the diversity and function of dung and soil fauna: Regulatory and scientific background information. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1914-1923. [PMID: 26573955 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of veterinary medical products to livestock can impact soil organisms in manure-amended fields or adversely affect organisms that colonize dung pats of treated animals and potentially retard the degradation of dung on pastures. For this reason, the authorization process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union includes a requirement for higher-tier tests when adverse effects on dung organisms are observed in single-species toxicity tests. However, no guidance documents for the performance of higher-tier tests are available. Hence, an international research project was undertaken to develop and validate a proposed test method under varying field conditions of climate, soil, and endemic coprophilous fauna at Lethbridge (Canada), Montpellier (France), Zurich (Switzerland), and Wageningen (The Netherlands). The specific objectives were to determine if fecal residues of an anthelmintic with known insecticidal activity (ivermectin) showed similar effects across sites on 1) insects breeding in dung of treated animals, 2) coprophilous organisms in the soil beneath the dung, and 3) rates of dung degradation. By evaluating the effects of parasiticides on communities of dung-breeding insects and soil fauna under field conditions, the test method meets the requirements of a higher-tier test as mandated by the European Union. The present study provides contextual information on authorization requirements for veterinary medicinal products and on the structure and function of dung and soil organism communities. It also provides a summary of the main findings. Subsequent studies on this issue provide detailed information on different aspects of this overall project. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1914-1923. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Adler
- Federal Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Floate KD, Düring RA, Hanafi J, Jud P, Lahr J, Lumaret JP, Scheffczyk A, Tixier T, Wohde M, Römbke J, Sautot L, Blanckenhorn WU. Validation of a standard field test method in four countries to assess the toxicity of residues in dung of cattle treated with veterinary medical products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1934-1946. [PMID: 26174741 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Registration of veterinary medical products includes the provision that field tests may be required to assess potential nontarget effects associated with the excretion of product residues in dung of treated livestock (phase II, tier B testing). However, regulatory agencies provide no guidance on the format of these tests. In the present study, the authors report on the development of a standardized field test method designed to serve as a tier B test. Dung was collected from cattle before and up to 2 mo after treatment with a topical application of a test compound (ivermectin). Pats formed of dung from the different treatments were placed concurrently in the field to be colonized by insects. The abundance, richness, and diversity of insects developing from egg to adult in these pats were compared across treatments using analysis of variance tests. Regression analyses were used to regress abundance, richness, and diversity against residue concentrations in each treatment. Results of the regression were used to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) values. The robustness of the method and the repeatability of its findings were assessed concurrently in 4 countries (Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) in climatically diverse ecoregions. Results were generally consistent across countries, and support the method's formal adoption by the European Union to assess the effects of veterinary medical product residues on the composition and diversity of insects in dung of treated livestock. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1934-1946. © 2015 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Jamal Hanafi
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Priska Jud
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joost Lahr
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Center for Evolutionary and Functional Ecology, French National Center for Scientific Research; École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paul Valéry University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Tixier
- Center for Evolutionary and Functional Ecology, French National Center for Scientific Research; École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paul Valéry University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Lucille Sautot
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Blanckenhorn WU, Rohner PT, Bernasconi MV, Haugstetter J, Buser A. Is qualitative and quantitative metabarcoding of dung fauna biodiversity feasible? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1970-1977. [PMID: 26450644 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In biodiversity assessments, especially of small-bodied organisms for which taxonomic expertise is lacking, identification by genetic barcoding may be a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional identification of species by morphology, ecology, and behavior. The authors tested the feasibility and accuracy of such an approach using dung insects of practical relevance in ecotoxicological assessments of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in the environment. They produced 8 known mixtures that varied in absolute and relative composition of small-bodied and large-bodied species to see whether mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 barcoding picks up all species qualitatively and quantitatively. As demonstrated before in other contexts, such metabarcoding of large numbers of dung insect specimens is principally possible using next-generation sequencing. The authors recovered most species in a sample (low type I error), at minimum permitting analysis of species richness. They obtained even quantitative responses reflecting the body size of the species, although the number of specimens was not well detected. The latter is problematic when calculating diversity indices. Nevertheless, the method yielded too many closely related false positives (type II error), thus generally overestimating species diversity and richness. These errors can be reduced by refining methods and data filtering, although this requires bioinformatics expertise often unavailable where such research is carried out. Identification by barcoding foremost hinges on a good reference database, which does not yet exist for dung organisms but would be worth developing for practical applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1970-1977. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick T Rohner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco V Bernasconi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
- Natur-Museum Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
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Non-target effects of ivermectin on trophic groups of the cow dung insect community replicated across an agricultural landscape. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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