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Andrade VS, Ale A, Antezana PE, Desimone MF, Cazenave J, Gutierrez MF. Environmental factors modify silver nanoparticles ecotoxicity in Chydorus eurynotus (Cladocera). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:683-696. [PMID: 38861073 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most produced nanomaterials in the world and are incorporated into several products due to their biocide and physicochemical properties. Since freshwater bodies are AgNPs main final sink, several consequences for biota are expected to occur. With the hypothesis that AgNPs can interact with environmental factors, we analyzed their ecotoxicity in combination with humic acids and algae. In addition to the specific AgNPs behavior in the media, we analyzed the mortality, growth, and phototactic behavior of Chydorus eurynotus (Cladocera) as response variables. While algae promoted Ag+ release, humic acids reduced it by adsorption, and their combination resulted in an intermediated Ag+ release. AgNPs affected C. eurynotus survival and growth, but algae and humic acids reduced AgNPs lethality, especially when combined. The humic acids mitigated AgNP effects in C. eurynotus growth, and both factors improved its phototactic behavior. It is essential to deepen the study of the isolated and combined influences of environmental factors on the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles to achieve accurate predictions under realistic exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Analía Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Federico Desimone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FHUC-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramon Carrillo", Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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2
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Serwatowska K, Nederstigt TAP, Peijnenburg WJGM, Vijver MG. Chronic toxicity of core-shell SiC/TiO 2 (nano)-particles to Daphnia magna under environmentally relevant food rations in the presence of humic acid. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:107-118. [PMID: 38420713 PMCID: PMC11073049 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2321873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To date, research on the toxicity and potential environmental impacts of nanomaterials has predominantly focused on relatively simple and single-component materials, whilst more complex nanomaterials are currently entering commercial stages. The current study aimed to assess the long-term and size-dependent (60 and 500 nm) toxicity of a novel core-shell nanostructure consisting of a SiC core and TiO2 shell (SiC/TiO2, 5, 25, and 50 mg L-1) to the common model organism Daphnia magna. These novel core-shell nanostructures can be categorized as advanced materials. Experiments were conducted under environmentally realistic feeding rations and in the presence of a range of concentrations of humic acid (0.5, 2, 5, and 10 mg L-1 TOC). The findings show that although effect concentrations of SiC/TiO2 were several orders of magnitude lower than the current reported environmental concentrations of more abundantly used nanomaterials, humic acid can exacerbate the toxicity of SiC/TiO2 by reducing aggregation and sedimentation rates. The EC50 values (mean ± standard error) based on nominal SiC/TiO2 concentrations for the 60 nm particles were 28.0 ± 11.5 mg L-1 (TOC 0.5 mg L-1), 21.1 ± 3.7 mg L-1 (TOC 2 mg L-1), 18.3 ± 5.4 mg L-1 (TOC 5 mg L-1), and 17.8 ± 2.4 mg L-1 (TOC 10 mg L-1). For the 500 nm particles, the EC50 values were 34.9 ± 16.5 mg L-1 (TOC 0.5 mg L-1), 24.8 ± 5.6 mg L-1 (TOC 2 mg L-1), 28.0 ± 10.0 mg L-1 (TOC 5 mg L-1), and 23.2 ± 4.1 mg L-1 (TOC 10 mg L-1). We argue that fate-driven phenomena are often neglected in effect assessments, whilst environmental factors such as the presence of humic acid may significantly influence the toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Serwatowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A. P. Nederstigt
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Li Z, Lu T, Li M, Mortimer M, Guo LH. Direct and gut microbiota-mediated toxicities of environmental antibiotics to fish and aquatic invertebrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138692. [PMID: 37059203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of antibiotics in the environment has ecological impacts that have received less attention than the human health risks of antibiotics, although the effects could be far-reaching. This review discusses the effects of antibiotics on the health of fish and zooplankton, manifesting in direct or dysbiosis-mediated physiological impairment. Acute effects of antibiotics in these organism groups are usually induced at high concentrations (LC50 at ∼100-1000 mg/L) that are not commonly present in aquatic environments. However, when exposed to sub-lethal, environmentally relevant levels of antibiotics (ng/L-μg/L) disruption of physiological homeostasis, development, and fecundity can occur. Antibiotics at similar or lower concentrations can induce dysbiosis of gut microbiota which can affect the health of fish and invertebrates. We show that the data about molecular-level effects of antibiotics at low exposure concentrations are limited, hindering environmental risk assessment and species sensitivity analysis. Fish and crustaceans (Daphnia sp.) were the two groups of aquatic organisms used most often for antibiotic toxicity testing, including microbiota analysis. While low levels of antibiotics impact the composition and function of gut microbiota in aquatic organisms, the correlation and causality of these changes to host physiology are not straightforward. In some cases, negative or lack of correlation have occurred, and, unexpectedly, gut microbial diversity has been unaffected or increased upon exposure to environmental levels of antibiotics. Efforts to incorporate functional analyses of gut microbiota are beginning to provide valuable mechanistic information, but more data is needed for ecological risk assessment of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tingyu Lu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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4
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Brehm J, Ritschar S, Laforsch C, Mair MM. The complexity of micro- and nanoplastic research in the genus Daphnia - A systematic review of study variability and a meta-analysis of immobilization rates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131839. [PMID: 37348369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of publications on nano- and microplastic particles (NMPs) effects on freshwater organisms has increased rapidly. Freshwater crustaceans of the genus Daphnia are widely used in ecotoxicological research as model organisms for assessing the impact of NMPs. However, the diversity of experimental designs in these studies makes conclusions about the general impact of NMPs on Daphnia challenging. To approach this, we systematically reviewed the literature on NMP effects on Daphnia and summarized the diversity of test organisms, experimental conditions, NMP properties and measured endpoints to identify gaps in our knowledge of NMP effects on Daphnia. We use a meta-analysis on mortality and immobilization rates extracted from the compiled literature to illustrate how NMP properties, study parameters and the biology of Daphnia can impact outcomes in toxicity bioassays. In addition, we investigate the extent to which the available data can be used to predict the toxicity of untested NMPs based on the extracted parameters. Based on our results, we argue that focusing on a more diverse set of NMP properties combined with a more detailed characterization of the particles in future studies will help to fill current research gaps, improve predictive models and allow the identification of NMP properties linked to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Magdalena M Mair
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany; Statistical Ecotoxicology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Stevenson LM, Krattenmaker KE, McCauley E, Nisbet RM. Extrapolating Contaminant Effects from Individuals to Populations: A Case Study on Nanoparticle Toxicity to Daphnia Fed Environmentally Relevant Food Levels. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:361-375. [PMID: 36008633 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is charged with assessing the likelihood a chemical will have adverse environmental or ecological effects. When assessing the risk of a potential contaminant to biological organisms, ecologists are most concerned with the sustainability of populations of organisms, rather than protecting every individual. However, ERA most commonly relies on data on the effect of a potential contaminant on individuals because these experiments are more feasible than costly population-level exposures. In this work, we address the challenge of extrapolating these individual-level results to predict population-level effects. Previous per-capita population growth rate estimates calculated from individual-level exposures of Daphnia pulicaria to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different food rations predict a critical daily food requirement for daphnid populations exposed to 200 μg/L AgNPs to avoid extinction. To test this, we exposed daphnid populations to the same AgNP concentration at three different food inputs, with the lowest ration close to the extinction threshold predicted from data on individuals. The two populations with the higher food inputs persisted, and the population with the lowest food input went extinct after 50 days but did persist through two generations. We demonstrate that we can extrapolate between these levels of biological organization by parameterizing an individual-level biomass model with data on individuals' response to AgNPs and using these parameters to predict the outcome for control and AgNP-exposed populations. Key to successful extrapolation is careful modeling of temporal changes in resource density, driven by both the experimental protocols and feedback from the consumer. The implication for ecotoxicology is that estimates of extinction thresholds based on studies of individuals may be reliable predictors of population outcomes, but only with careful treatment of resource dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Stevenson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine E Krattenmaker
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Edward McCauley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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6
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Petrović M, Fiket Ž. Environmental damage caused by coal combustion residue disposal: A critical review of risk assessment methodologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134410. [PMID: 35346741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion generates almost 40% of world's electricity. However, it also produces 1.1 billion tons of coal combustion residues (CCR) annually, half of which end up in landfills. Although current regulations require proper lining and monitoring programs, the ubiquitous old, abandoned landfills are often not lined nor included in these programs. In addition, the total number of coal ash disposal sites and their status in the world is unknown. Therefore, this article reviews the environmental damage caused by CCR and three commonly used risk assessment methodologies: leaching assessment, groundwater assessment, and toxicity testing. Leaching methods are usually the first step in coal ash risk assessment, however, a large number of methods with different parameters make a comparison of data difficult. Groundwater pollution is commonly detected near coal ash disposal sites, but other anthropogenic activities may also exist nearby. Therefore, multivariate statistical methods and isotope traces should be used to differentiate between different sources of pollution. So far, both stable (δ18O, δD, δ11B, δ34S, δ7Li) and radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/207Pb) isotopes have been successfully used as coal ash pollution tracers. Coal ash also negatively affects biota, reduces the diversity of organisms, affects children's health, and increases the risk for developing various diseases. Toxicity studies are great for early screening of coal ash safety; however, they provide no insights into mechanisms causing the adverse effects. Future directions are also proposed, such as the development of new 'low-level' detection methods for coal ash pollution and sustainable and selective method for recovery of critical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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Gutierrez MF, Ale A, Andrade V, Bacchetta C, Rossi A, Cazenave J. Metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles toxic effects on freshwater microcrustaceans: An update and basis for the use of new test species. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2505-2526. [PMID: 34470080 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we performed a literature review on the metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles (NP) effects on freshwater microcrustaceans, specifically focusing on (i) the main factors influencing the NP toxicity and (ii) their main ecotoxicological effects. Also, given that most studies are currently developed on the standard test species Daphnia magna Straus, we analyzed (iii) the potential differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean, and (iv) the ecological implications of considering only D. magna as surrogate of other microcrustaceans. We found that NP effects on microcrustaceans depended on their intrinsic properties as well as the exposure conditions. Among the general responses to different NP, we identified body burial, feeding inhibition, biochemical effects, metabolic changes, and reproductive and behavioral alterations. The differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean rely on the morphology (size and shape), ecological traits (feeding mechanisms, life cycles), and intrinsic sensitivities. Thus, we strongly recommend the use of microcrustaceans species with different morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics in future ecotoxicity tests with NP to provide relevant information with regulation purposes regarding the discharge of NP into aquatic environments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Nanoparticles effects depend on intrinsic and external factors. Nanoparticles affect the morphology, physiology, and behavior. Effects on Daphnia differ from other microcrustaceans. The use of more diverse test species is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Analía Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victoria Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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8
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Chen X, Yang H, Fan J, Li J, Warren A, Lin X. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the model ciliate Paramecium multimicronucleatum: Molecular mechanisms of activation are dose- and particle size-dependent. Eur J Protistol 2021; 81:125792. [PMID: 34695764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles is still far from comprehensive, partly because of the neglect of control factors such as the dependence of mechanism activation on the exposure dosage and particle size. To reveal molecular mechanisms of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) toxicity, the model ciliate Paramecium multimicronucleatum was exposed for 12 h to different concentrations of AgNPs with particle size of 20 nm (0.08, 0.12, and 0.30 mg/l) and 40 nm (0.08 and 0.30 mg/l). Transcriptomes of the tested ciliates were then analyzed based on dendrograms of gene expression, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, and up- and down-regulated genes. Results showed that: (1) toxicity mechanisms of AgNP revealed by analyses of GO and KEEG were significantly involved in the metabolic pathways of nutrients and the biosynthesis of macromolecules; (2) the top five up-regulated genes were mainly related to biological oxidation, biosynthesis, and oxidative stress, while top five down-regulated genes were mainly related to glycolysis; (3) activated mechanisms varied both in quantity and in type with dosages and particle sizes of AgNPs; (4) AgNP-treatments with different exposure dosages and particle sizes can produce the same toxicity in terms of 12 h-EC50, but the underlying molecular mechanisms differed significantly. In brief, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of AgNP toxicity through transcriptome analyses and confirmed their dependence of activation on the exposure dosage and particle size of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiqiu Li
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- The Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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9
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Woo TJ, East A, Salice CJ. Intraspecific interactions affect outcomes of pulse toxicity at different Daphnia magna population phases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115398. [PMID: 33254684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional toxicity tests assess stressor effects on individuals, while protection goals are focused on the population-level and above. Additionally, these tests ignore common ecological factors such as resource levels and population growth phase. The objective of this research was to explore effects of - and interactions between - resource availability and stress response at the individual and population levels using Daphnia magna as a model. We hypothesized that density-dependent changes in resources at various phases of population growth would cause different population responses to the same toxicant stress. Laboratory populations of Daphnia magna were exposed to a 48-h pulse of 20 or 30 μg/l pyraclostrobin in one of four distinct phases of laboratory population cycles: growth, peak, decline, and stable. Population size and recovery were observed throughout the 51-day study. Populations exposed to pyraclostrobin during the growth phase had the least mortality and fastest recovery, while populations in the peak phase had the greatest mortality and slowest recovery. These data suggested that high density and low food at the peak phase resulted in more sensitive daphnids. To further test this hypothesis, a resource-amended acute toxicity study was conducted to quantify the effects of food resource on pyraclostrobin toxicity to Daphnia magna. Three age classes of Daphnia magna (neonate, subadult, adult) were fed low or high food levels and exposed to pyraclostrobin for 48 h. Toxicity was greater, as shown by lower 48 h LC50s, for smaller Daphnia magna age classes and lower food levels comporting results in the population study. Importantly, the acute toxicity studies generally yielded lower effect levels than the population studies suggesting that while the standard acute studies are ecologically unrealistic, they may be protective of toxicity under some circumstances. Collectively, these data point to the importance of population phase and the resource environment in modulating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Woo
- Environmental Science and Studies Program, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Andrew East
- Environmental Science and Studies Program, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Christopher J Salice
- Environmental Science and Studies Program & Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD, 21252, USA.
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10
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Mathews TJ, Stevenson LM, Pickhardt PC, Murphy CA, Nisbet RM, Antczak P, Garcia-Reyero N, Gergs A. The Effect of Dietary Exposure to Coal Ash Contaminants within Food Ration on Growth and Reproduction in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1998-2007. [PMID: 32667689 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal ash contains numerous contaminants and is the focus of regulatory actions and risk assessments due to environmental spills. We exposed Daphnia magna to a gradient of coal ash contamination under high and low food rations to assess the sublethal effects of dietary exposures. Whereas exposure to contaminants resulted in significant reductions in growth and reproduction in daphnids, low, environmentally relevant food rations had a much greater effect on these endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1998-2007. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Mathews
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Louise M Stevenson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | | | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
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11
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Tullio SCMC, Chalcraft DR. Converting natural nanoclay into modified nanoclay augments the toxic effect of natural nanoclay on aquatic invertebrates. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110602. [PMID: 32315785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is much interest in converting natural nanoclay into modified forms for a variety of applications. Aquatic organisms have been exposed to natural nanoclay throughout their entire evolutionary history, but concerns have been raised about the effects of modified nanoclay on aquatic organisms. We investigated the potential toxicity of a natural nanoclay (Na+ montmorillonite) and two modified nanoclays (Cloisite® 30B and NovaclayTM) on survivorship and body growth of Daphnia magna and Chironomus dilutus. Natural nanoclay had no harmful effect on C. dilutus but reduced the survival (~1mgL-1) and body growth (~100 mgL-1) of D. magna. NovaclayTM had no harmful effects on C. dilutus or the body growth of D. magna but an intermediate concentration (1 mgL-1) caused a stronger reduction in D. magna survival during chronic exposure than did natural nanoclay. Cloisite® 30B adversely affected D. magna survival at concentrations as low as 0.01 mgL-1 and nearly all D. magna died when exposed to concentrations of Cloisite® 30B that exceeded 10 mgL-1 during acute exposure and 1 mgL-1 during chronic exposure. Though Cloisite® 30B appeared to have no effect on the body growth of surviving D. magna, Cloisite® 30B reduced C. dilutus body growth (100 mgL-1). Cloisite® 30B likely has higher toxic effects due to the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds and/or particle stability. Our work demonstrates that natural nanoclay has harmful effects on aquatic animals and that the different ways of converting natural nanoclay into different types of modified nanoclays augments the toxic effect of nanoclay to differing degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M C Tullio
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - D R Chalcraft
- East Carolina University, 1000 E 5th Street, N108 Howell Science Building, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
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Tortella GR, Rubilar O, Durán N, Diez MC, Martínez M, Parada J, Seabra AB. Silver nanoparticles: Toxicity in model organisms as an overview of its hazard for human health and the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121974. [PMID: 32062374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted remarkable attention due to their powerful antimicrobial action as well as their particular physicochemical properties. This has led to their application in a wide variety of products with promising results. However, their interaction with the environment and toxicity in live terrestrial or aquatic organisms is still a matter of intense debate. More detailed knowledge is still required about the toxicity of AgNPs, their possible uptake mechanisms and their adverse effects in live organisms. Several studies have reported the interactions and potential negative effects of AgNPs in different organisms. In this review, we report and discuss the current state of the art and perspectives for the impact of AgNPs on different organisms present in the environment. Recent progress in interpreting uptake, translocation and accumulation mechanisms in different organisms and/or living animals are discussed, as well as the toxicity of AgNPs and possible tolerance mechanisms in live organisms to cope with their deleterious effects. Finally, we discuss the challenges of accurate physicochemical characterization of AgNPs and their ecotoxicity in environmentally realistic conditions such as soil and water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - O Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - N Durán
- NanoBioss Lab., Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Parada
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - A B Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal d ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Artal MC, Pereira KD, Luchessi AD, Okura VK, Henry TB, Marques-Souza H, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G. Transcriptome analysis in Parhyale hawaiensis reveal sex-specific responses to AgNP and AgCl exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113963. [PMID: 32004961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptome of organisms exposed to toxicants offers new insights for ecotoxicology, but further research is needed to enhance interpretation of results and effectively incorporate them into useful environmental risk assessments. Factors that must be clarified to improve use of transcriptomics include assessment of the effect of organism sex within the context of toxicant exposure. Amphipods are well recognized as model organisms for toxicity evaluation because of their sensitivity and amenability to laboratory conditions. To investigate whether response to metals in crustaceans differs according to sex we analyzed the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis after exposure to AgCl and Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) via contaminated food. Gene specific analysis and whole genome transcriptional profile of male and female organisms were performed by both RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. We observed that expression of transcripts of genes glutathione transferase (GST) did not differ among AgCl and AgNP treatments. Significant differences between males and females were observed after exposure to AgCl and AgNP. Males presented twice the number of differentially expressed genes in comparison to females, and more differentially expressed were observed after exposure to AgNP than AgCl treatments in both sexes. The genes that had the greatest change in expression relative to control were those genes related to peptidase and catalytic activity and chitin and carbohydrate metabolic processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate sex specific differences in the transcriptomes of amphipods upon exposure to toxicants and emphasizes the importance of considering gender in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Coletty Artal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Karina Danielle Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Katsumi Okura
- Life Sciences Core Facility (LaCTAD), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Theodore Burdick Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, United States
| | - Henrique Marques-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-332, Brazil.
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Di Lorenzo T, Di Marzio WD, Fiasca B, Galassi DMP, Korbel K, Iepure S, Pereira JL, Reboleira ASPS, Schmidt SI, Hose GC. Recommendations for ecotoxicity testing with stygobiotic species in the framework of groundwater environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:292-304. [PMID: 31103666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the growing global dependence on groundwater resources, environmental risk assessments (ERA) for groundwater are increasingly required and, with that, ecotoxicological studies with groundwater fauna (stygofauna). However, the literature on the ecotoxicological studies with stygobiotic species (i.e. species that complete their life cycle exclusively in groundwater) has not expanded significantly since the first paper published in this field. The limitations regarding the use of stygobiotic species for ecotoxicological testing are clear and consistent across the globe; stygobiotic species are often 1) naturally present in low numbers, 2) difficult to collect, and 3) difficult to culture under laboratory conditions. This paper reviews the methods used in ecotoxicological studies performed with stygobiotic species, and provides ten recommendations for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) for such tests. The recommendations focused on the following 10 points: 1) the taxonomic identification, the life stage/size and gender of the test organisms; 2) collection methodology of the organisms, including collection location, conditions and methods; 3) holding and acclimation conditions in the laboratory; 4) exposure conditions such as test set up and exposure time, number of replicates and densities of organisms in tests and in test vessels; 5) range-finding test set up and schedule; 6) final test design, including details of controls and treatments, and replication options; 7) incubation conditions, specifying temperature, pH and oxygenation levels throughout the test; 8) test duration; 9) observations and endpoints; 10) test validity criteria and compliance. The recommendations were developed for the purpose of supporting future short-term ecotoxicological testing with stygofauna through providing consistency in the protocols. A discussion of the potential implications for groundwater managers and decision-makers committed to ERA for groundwater is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Walter Dario Di Marzio
- Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján - Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Argentina
| | - Barbara Fiasca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Diana Maria Paola Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Kathryn Korbel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2019, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanda Iepure
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, José Beltrán 15 Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Wita Stwosza 59, 17 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marines Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne I Schmidt
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2019, Sydney, Australia
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Combined Effects of Test Media and Dietary Algae on the Toxicity of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles to Freshwater Microcrustaceans Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens: Food for Thought. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010023. [PMID: 30585202 PMCID: PMC6359263 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the test medium as well as the presence of algae (microcrustaceans' food) affects the bioavailability and thus the toxicity of metal nanoparticles (NP) to freshwater microcrustaceans. This study evaluated the effect of the addition of algae (Rapidocelis subcapitata at 7.5 × 10⁶ cells/mL) on the toxicity of CuO (primary size 22⁻25 nm) and ZnO NP (10⁻15 nm) to planktic Daphnia magna and benthic Heterocypris incongruens in artificial (mineral) and natural freshwater (lake water). The toxicity of ionic controls, CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄, was evaluated in parallel. When algae were added and the toxicity was tested in mineral medium, 48 h EC50 of CuO and ZnO NP to D. magna was ~2 mg metal/L and 6-day LC50 of H. incongruens was 1.1 mg metal/L for CuO and 0.36 mg metal/L for ZnO. The addition of algae to D. magna test medium mitigated the toxicity of CuO and ZnO NP 4⁻11-fold when the test was conducted in natural water but not in the artificial freshwater. The addition of algae mitigated the toxicity of CuSO₄ (but not ZnSO₄) to D. magna at least 3-fold, whatever the test medium. In the 6-day H. incongruens tests (all exposures included algae), only up to 2-fold differences in metal NP and salt toxicity between mineral and natural test media were observed. To add environmental relevance to NP hazard assessment for the freshwater ecosystem, toxicity tests could be conducted in natural water and organisms could be fed during the exposure.
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Wang P, Ng QX, Zhang H, Zhang B, Ong CN, He Y. Metabolite changes behind faster growth and less reproduction of Daphnia similis exposed to low-dose silver nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:266-273. [PMID: 30056340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With increasing presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, the chronic and low-dose effects of AgNPs are of vital concern. This study evaluated chronic physiological effects of AgNPs on Daphnia similis, which were exposed to two ambient encountered concentrations (0.02 and 1 ppb) of AgNPs for 21 days. It was observed that the low-dose AgNPs stimulated a significant increase in average length/dry mass, but inhibited reproduction compared to control specimens. Non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS-MS) and gas chromatograph-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) were utilized to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these responses. Forty one metabolites were identified, including 18 significantly-changed metabolites, suggesting up regulation in protein digestion and absorption (amino acids, such as isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, threonine, tyrosine) and down regulation of lipid related metabolism (fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, linoelaidic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) were key events in these responses. The increase in these amino acid contents explains the accelerated growth of D. similis from the metabolic pathway of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Down regulation of fatty acid contents corresponds to the observed drop in the reproduction rate considering the fatty acid biological enzymatic reaction pathways. Significant changes in metabolites provided a renewed mechanistic understanding of low concentration chronic toxicity of AgNP toxicity on D. similis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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