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Langknecht T, Pelletier M, Robinson S, Burgess RM, Ho KT. The distribution of sediment microplastics assemblages is driven by location and hydrodynamics, not sediment characteristics, in the Gulf of Maine, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116393. [PMID: 38669855 PMCID: PMC11162549 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are found in marine sediments across the globe, but we are just beginning to understand their spatial distribution and assemblages. In this study, we quantified MP in Gulf of Maine, USA sediments. MP were extracted from 20 sediment samples, followed by polymer identification using Raman spectroscopy. We detected 27 polymer types and 1929 MP kg-1 wet sediment, on average. Statistical analyses showed that habitat, hydrodynamics, and station proximity were more important drivers of MP assemblages than land use or sediment characteristics. Stations closer to one another were more similar in their MP assemblages, tidal rivers had higher numbers of unique plastic polymers than open water or embayment stations, and stations closer to shore had higher numbers of MP. There was little evidence of relationships between MP assemblages and land use, sediment texture, total organic carbon, or contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Langknecht
- ORAU c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA; Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Bureau of Natural Resources, 235 Promenade Street, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Marguerite Pelletier
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Sandra Robinson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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2
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Chen K, Chen X, Stegen JC, Villa JA, Bohrer G, Song X, Chang KY, Kaufman M, Liang X, Guo Z, Roden EE, Zheng C. Vertical Hydrologic Exchange Flows Control Methane Emissions from Riverbed Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4014-4026. [PMID: 36811826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CH4 emissions from inland waters are highly uncertain in the current global CH4 budget, especially for streams, rivers, and other lotic systems. Previous studies have attributed the strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity of riverine CH4 to environmental factors such as sediment type, water level, temperature, or particulate organic carbon abundance through correlation analysis. However, a mechanistic understanding of the basis for such heterogeneity is lacking. Here, we combine sediment CH4 data from the Hanford reach of the Columbia River with a biogeochemical-transport model to show that vertical hydrologic exchange flows (VHEFs), driven by the difference between river stage and groundwater level, determine CH4 flux at the sediment-water interface. CH4 fluxes show a nonlinear relationship with the magnitude of VHEFs, where high VHEFs introduce O2 into riverbed sediments, which inhibit CH4 production and induce CH4 oxidation, and low VHEFs cause transient reduction in CH4 flux (relative to production) due to reduced advective CH4 transport. In addition, VHEFs lead to the hysteresis of temperature rise and CH4 emissions because high river discharge caused by snowmelt in spring leads to strong downwelling flow that offsets increasing CH4 production with temperature rise. Our findings reveal how the interplay between in-stream hydrologic flux besides fluvial-wetland connectivity and microbial metabolic pathways that compete with methanogenic pathways can produce complex patterns in CH4 production and emission in riverbed alluvial sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - James C Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jorge A Villa
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, United States
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xuehang Song
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew Kaufman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xiuyu Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Eric E Roden
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Checon HH, Corte GN, Shah Esmaeili Y, Muniz P, Turra A. The efficacy of benthic indices to evaluate the ecological quality and urbanization effects on sandy beach ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159190. [PMID: 36195141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benthic indices have been widely used across different coastal ecosystems to assess ecological quality and detect anthropic impacts, but very few studies investigated their effectiveness on sandy beaches. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of 12 assemblage-based benthic indices in assessing ecological quality in beaches, across a gradient of anthropic pressure and natural variability in 90 sandy beach sites. Overall, when sandy beaches were considered collectively, benthic indices had a poor performance in identifying decreases in ecological quality with increasing urbanization. However, when each morphodynamic type was evaluated separately, a few indices, especially those that were calibrated by reference conditions (i.e., M-AMBI, BAT, and BEQI-2), showed promising results for dissipative, and to a lesser extent, intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, indices performed poorly, likely a reflection of the stronger natural disturbance these beaches are subjected to. Among functional indices, richness was found to be lower in urbanized beaches, but only in dissipative ones. Overall, our results show that benthic indices have the potential to be incorporated in sandy beach management and monitoring programs, especially for dissipative and intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, given the early stage of studies with benthic indices in beaches, more research is needed to corroborate the observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio H Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme N Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202 Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Muniz
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina (OEM), Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales (IECA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Pelletier MC, Charpentier M. Assessing the relative importance of stressors to the benthic index, M-AMBI: An example from U.S. estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114456. [PMID: 36502776 PMCID: PMC9813808 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
M-AMBI, a multivariate benthic index, has been used by European and American (U.S.) authorities to assess estuarine and coastal health and has been used in scientific studies throughout the world. It has been shown to be related to multiple pressures and stressors, but the relative importance of individual stressors within a multiple stressor context has not generally been assessed. In this study, we assembled data collected between 1999 and 2015 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency using consistent methods. These data included sediment and water quality measures and benthic invertebrate data which were used to calculate M-AMBI. We further assembled watersheds for all US estuaries with benthic data and calculated land use metrics. Random forest (RF) was used to identify those variables most strongly related to M-AMBI. Because RF is a compilation of multiple, nonlinear models, we then assessed which of these variables had a direct relationship with M-AMBI. The resulting variables were then assessed using RF to identify the subsets of variables that produced an effective and parsimonious model. This process was conducted at the national and ecoregional scale and the variables identified as being most important to predict M-AMBI were compared with literature reports of ecological patterns in a given area. At the national scale, better condition was correlated with clearer waters, lower amounts of agriculture in the watershed, and lower carbon and metal concentrations in estuarine sediments. Other stressors were identified as being important at the ecoregional scale, although sediment metal concentrations and watershed agriculture were identified as being important in most ecoregions. Our results suggest that this technique is useful to identify the most important variables impacting M-AMBI at broad spatial scales, even when the percentage of sites in Bad or Poor condition is low. This technique also provides an initial identification of important stressors that can be used to target more intensive local studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite C Pelletier
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, US EPA, ORD, CEMM, Narragansett, RI, USA.
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5
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De Silva NAL, Marsden ID, Gaw S, Glover CN. The relationship between population attributes of the mud snail Amphibola crenata and sediment contamination: A multi-estuary assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113762. [PMID: 35605377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential of the New Zealand mud snail Amphibola crenata to act as a bioindicator of contaminated estuarine sediment. Seventeen sites with varying contaminant burdens were identified within six New Zealand regions. Attributes (population density, individual length distribution and individual dry weight condition index) were measured for field-collected A. crenata, and related to measurements of sediment trace metals and nutrients. Population density of the mud snail was relatively high in sites with elevated nutrients and organic matter. The length distribution of A. crenata showed significant regional and site-specific variations. Minimum, mean, and median shell length of A. crenata were positively correlated with sediment cadmium and zinc concentration. Overall, the sites were able to be distinguished by A. crenata population attributes and the sediment metal and nutrient content. These results suggest that A. crenata population information has potential value for assessing estuarine sediment metal and nutrient contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Islay D Marsden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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6
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Nelson WG. A Quantitative Assessment of Organic Carbon Content as a Regional Sediment-Condition Indicator. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2020; 114:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106318. [PMID: 34345223 PMCID: PMC8327999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon content of sediments, whether directly or indirectly assessed, has often been used as an indicator of marine benthic community condition both in site-specific and regional scale condition assessment studies. The conceptual framework underlying use of this indicator was developed based primarily on site-specific studies. A quantitative analysis of literature data on sediment organic matter impacts in marine systems was conducted to determine whether biotic metrics respond to abiotic indicators of sediment organic content, as predicted by conceptual models, at larger spatial scales. The ability to detect predicted decreases in community metrics (abundance, species richness, species diversity index H', biomass) varied among metrics, with best performance by species richness and H'. There was significant added variation both between and within analytical approaches (loss on ignition, total organic carbon methods), emphasizing the need for careful cross calibration and quality control in studies with multiple laboratory partners. High levels of variability for biotic metrics versus organic carbon metrics appear typical for large scale studies, and organic matter source, site depth, and individual estuarine system differences were important sources of variation. Covariation of organic matter content with percent fine sediments is another known source of variation, but various normalization methods may be inadequate due to inherent sources of variation at estuary level. While likely still useful for point-source studies, multiple major sources of variation appear to limit the usefulness of sediment organic content as a benthic condition indicator at larger spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter G Nelson
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport OR 97365, USA
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Oczkowski AJ, Santos EA, Martin RM, Gray AB, Hanson AR, Watson EB, Huertas E, Wigand C. Unexpected nitrogen sources in a tropical urban estuary. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2020; 125:e2019JG005502. [PMID: 32426203 PMCID: PMC7232856 DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tropical urban estuaries are severely understudied. Little is known about the basic biogeochemical cycles and dominant ecosystem processes in these waterbodies, which are often low-lying and heavily modified. The San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE) in San Juan, Puerto Rico is an example of such a system. Over the past 80 years, a portion of the estuary has filled in, changing the hydrodynamics and negatively affecting water quality. Here we sought to document these changes using ecological and biogeochemical measurements of surface sediments and bivalves. Measurements of sediment physical characteristics, organic matter content, and stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) illustrated the effects of the closure of the Caño Martín Peña (CMP) on the hydrology and water quality of the enclosed and semienclosed parts of the estuary. The nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values were lowest in the CMP, the stretch of the SJBE that is characterized by waters with low dissolved oxygen and high fecal coliform concentrations. Despite this, the results of this study indicate that nitrogen (N) contributions from N-fixing, sulfate-reducing microbes may meet or even exceed contributions from urban runoff and sewage. While the importance of sulfate reducers in contributing N to mangrove ecosystems is well documented, this is the first indication that such processes could be dominant in an intensely urban system. It also underscores just how little we know about tropical coastal ecosystems in densely populated areas throughout the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn J Oczkowski
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Emily A Santos
- Humboldt State University, College of Natural Resources and Sciences, 1 Harpst St. Arcata, CA 95521
| | - Rose M Martin
- Dataquest, 548 Market Street, 73537, San Francisco, CA 94104
| | - Andrew B Gray
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Alana R Hanson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Elizabeth B Watson
- The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103
| | - Evelyn Huertas
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 Caribbean Office, City View Plaza 2, Suite 7000 Guaynabo, PR 00968
| | - Cathleen Wigand
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882
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8
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Hallett CS, Valesini FJ, Kilminster K, Wells NS, Eyre BD. A rapid protocol for assessing sediment condition in eutrophic estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1021-1037. [PMID: 31123749 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment of sediments with nutrients and organic matter (eutrophication) is a key anthropogenic stressor of estuaries worldwide, impacting their sediment condition, ecology and ecosystem service provision. A key challenge for estuary managers and scientists is how to effectively quantify and monitor these changes in ecological condition in a timely and cost-effective manner. We developed a Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP) for characterizing sediment condition based on the qualitative characteristics of sediment colour, odour and texture. We evaluated its utility for assessing sediment condition, and particularly the degree and effects of sediment enrichment (as quantified by complementary measurements of total C, organic C and total N) across 97 sites throughout a eutrophic microtidal estuary. RAP results were strongly and significantly correlated with the degree of sediment enrichment, with RAP scores correctly identifying the assigned enrichment class (low, medium, high) of 83.5% of sites. More enriched sediments exhibited poorer condition, manifested as significantly lower RAP scores for sediment colour, texture and odour, particularly (but not only) where enrichment coincided with elevated mud content. The RAP was particularly successful (<12% misclassification) at identifying sites with low levels of enrichment, indicating its promise as a first-pass survey approach for identifying potential reference or control sites to support impact assessments. RAP approaches based on qualitative sediment characteristics can provide a useful proxy for the degree and impacts of inorganic and organic enrichment, with potentially broad applicability for supporting timely, cost-effective assessment and monitoring of sediment condition in estuaries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Hallett
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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Métais I, Châtel A, Mouloud M, Perrein-Ettajani H, Bruneau M, Gillet P, Jrad N, Mouneyrac C. Is there a link between acetylcholinesterase, behaviour and density populations of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:178-182. [PMID: 31232292 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to explore the potential link between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and burrowing behaviour of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor, which may have consequences at higher levels of biological organisation. Two complementary studies were conducted. AChE activity, at the sub-individual level, and behavioural responses, at the individual level, were evaluated in worms from the Loire estuary (France), whereas density and biomass of H. diversicolor were determined at the population level. A Spearman positive correlation between both biomarkers (AChE and burrowing) suggested that inhibition of AChE activity was linked to behaviour impairments. At the population level, lower AChE and behaviour activities were detected in worms corresponding to lower population density and biomass. These results provide direct empirical field evidence demonstrating the sensitivity of behaviour of H. diversicolor as a biomonitor of estuarine health status assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Métais
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France.
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Mohammed Mouloud
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Hanane Perrein-Ettajani
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Mélanie Bruneau
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Patrick Gillet
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Nisrine Jrad
- Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS, EA731), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Faculté des Sciences, Angers F-49000, France
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Pelletier MC, Gillett DJ, Hamilton A, Grayson T, Hansen V, Leppo EW, Weisberg SB, Borja A. Adaptation and application of multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) in US coastal waters. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2018; 89:818-827. [PMID: 29780283 PMCID: PMC5954435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) is an extension of the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) that has been used extensively in Europe, but not in the United States. In a previous study, we adapted AMBI for use in US coastal waters (US AMBI), but saw biases in salinity and score distribution when compared to locally calibrated indices. In this study we modified M-AMBI for US waters and compared its performance to that of US AMBI. Index performance was evaluated in three ways: 1) concordance with local indices presently being used as management tools in three geographic regions of US coastal waters, 2) classification accuracy for sites defined a priori as good or bad and 3) insensitivity to natural environmental gradients. US M-AMBI was highly correlated with all three local indices and removed the compression in response seen in moderately disturbed sites with US AMBI. US M-AMBI and US AMBI did a similar job correctly classifying sites as good or bad in local validation datasets (83 to 100% accuracy vs. 84 to 95%, respectively). US M-AMBI also removed the salinity bias of US AMBI so that lower salinity sites were not more likely to be incorrectly classified as impaired. The US M-AMBI appears to be an acceptable index for comparing condition across broad-scales such as estuarine and coastal waters surveyed by the US EPA's National Coastal Condition Assessment, and may be applicable to areas of the US coast that do not have a locally derived benthic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite C Pelletier
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - David J Gillett
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Anna Hamilton
- TetraTech, 400 Red Brook Blvd., Owings Mills, MD 21117, USA
| | - Treda Grayson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of International and Tribal Affairs, American Indian Environmental Office, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington DC, USA
| | - Virginia Hansen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, One Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Erik W Leppo
- TetraTech, 400 Red Brook Blvd., Owings Mills, MD 21117, USA
| | - Stephan B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI Tecnalia Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea n/s, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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Pelletier M, Ho K, Cantwell M, Perron M, Rocha K, Burgess RM, Johnson R, Perez K, Cardin J, Charpentier MA. Diagnosis of potential stressors adversely affecting benthic invertebrate communities in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:449-462. [PMID: 27442751 PMCID: PMC6112154 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Greenwich Bay is an urbanized embayment of Narragansett Bay potentially impacted by multiple stressors. The present study identified the important stressors affecting Greenwich Bay benthic fauna. First, existing data and information were used to confirm that the waterbody was impaired. Second, the presence of source, stressor, and effect were established. Then linkages between source, stressor, and effect were developed. This allows identification of probable stressors adversely affecting the waterbody. Three pollutant categories were assessed: chemicals, nutrients, and suspended sediments. This weight of evidence approach indicated that Greenwich Bay was primarily impacted by eutrophication-related stressors. The sediments of Greenwich Bay were carbon enriched and low dissolved oxygen concentrations were commonly seen, especially in the western portions of Greenwich Bay. The benthic community was depauperate, as would be expected under oxygen stress. Although our analysis indicated that contaminant loads in Greenwich Bay were at concentrations where adverse effects might be expected, no toxicity was observed, as a result of high levels of organic carbon in these sediments reducing contaminant bioavailability. Our analysis also indicated that suspended sediment impacts were likely nonexistent for much of the Bay. This analysis demonstrates that the diagnostic procedure was useful to organize and assess the potential stressors impacting the ecological well-being of Greenwich Bay. This diagnostic procedure is useful for management of waterbodies impacted by multiple stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:449-462. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pelletier
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
- Address correspondence to
| | - Kay Ho
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
| | - Mark Cantwell
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
| | - Monique Perron
- ‡ US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth Rocha
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
| | - Roxanne Johnson
- † US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island,USA
| | - Kenneth Perez
- § US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John Cardin
- § US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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Vozhdaeva MY, Kantor LI, Kholova AR, Khammatova MR, Kantor EA, Trukhanova NV, Melnitskii IA. Assessment of the biodegradation intensity of organic compounds in water using the squalene biomarker. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x17010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Separation of Fe(III) and Cr(III) from tannery sludge bioleachate using organophosphorus acid extractants. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Burd BJ, Macdonald TA, Macdonald RW, Ross PS. Distribution and uptake of key polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in benthic infauna relative to sediment organic enrichment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:310-334. [PMID: 24699838 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of a broader study of budgets, transport, and bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants in the Strait of Georgia, Canada, matching samples of sediment and bulk benthos were collected near two marine sewage outfalls, two large urban harbours, and background areas. Samples were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. We present data for those congeners that fell within the top six rankings by concentration (23 PCBs and 10 PBDEs) within at least one of the environmental media measured in other studies (air, water, sediments, benthos, pelagic biota). Multifactor regression analyses incorporating sediment characteristics (total organic carbon, fines) predicted uptake (r (2) = 0.74 to 0.98, p < 0.04) over the range of congeners and habitats examined. PBDEs were taken up by biota more readily than PCBs, suggesting a large, potentially available biological reservoir of PBDEs in sediments. Dominant congeners in benthos comprised PBDEs 47, 99, 209, and 100 and PCBs 138/163, 153, 101, 118, and 110. PBDE uptake was anomalously high near one wastewater outfall, likely due to selective feeding on PBDE-enriched particulates from that source. Conversely, outfalls supply food and sediments with PCB concentrations similar to ambient sediments. However, organic enrichment of sediments near outfalls clearly enhanced PCB uptake by benthos, probably due to greatly increased biomass turnover near these sources. Data suggest there to be an initial reservoir of PCBs in newly settled juvenile benthos, which is much less evident for PBDEs. This is likely a consequence of the ecosystem-wide distribution of legacy PCBs but not the more current-use PBDEs. Congener-uptake patterns were dependent on source and input dynamics, feeding methods, and contaminant metabolism or debromination, particularly of deca-BDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Burd
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada,
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15
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Jin Y, Ma Y, Weng Y, Jia X, Li J. Solvent extraction of Fe3+ from the hydrochloric acid route phosphoric acid by D2EHPA in kerosene. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lara-Martín PA, González-Mazo E, Petrovic M, Barceló D, Brownawell BJ. Occurrence, distribution and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long Island Sound Estuary (NY). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:710-9. [PMID: 24467856 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the environmental distribution of nonionic surfactants (nonylphenol and alcohol ethoxylates), their metabolites (NP, nonylphenol; NPEC, nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates; and PEG, polyethylene glycols) and a selection of 64 pharmaceuticals in the Long Island Sound (LIS) Estuary which receives important sewage discharges from New York City (NYC). Most target compounds were efficiently removed (>95%) in one wastewater treatment plant monitored, with the exception of NPEC and some specific drugs (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide). Concentrations of surfactants (1.4-4.5 μg L(-1)) and pharmaceuticals (0.1-0.3 μg L(-1)) in seawater were influenced by tides and sampling depth, consistent with salinity differences. Surfactants levels in suspended solids samples were higher than 1 μg g(-1), whereas only most hydrophobic or positively charged pharmaceuticals could be found (e.g., tamoxifen, clarithromycin). Maximum levels of target compounds in LIS sediments (PEG at highest concentrations, 2.8 μg g(-1)) were measured nearest NYC, sharply decreasing with distance from major sewage inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-5000, NY, United States.
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruce J Brownawell
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-5000, NY, United States
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17
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Green L, Sutula M, Fong P. How much is too much? Identifying benchmarks of adverse effects of macroalgae on the macrofauna in intertidal flats. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:300-314. [PMID: 24689142 DOI: 10.1890/13-0524.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, defined as the accumulation of organic matter typically in response to anthropogenically enhanced nutrient inputs, often takes the form of macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries and causes a cascade of adverse ecosystem effects. Confidence in the use of macroalgae as an indicator of eutrophication in estuaries is limited by the lack of quantitative data on thresholds of adverse effects. Field experiments can provide "benchmarks" of no effect or adverse effects that can be used to validate thresholds derived statistically from field data. To determine a benchmark of adverse effects of macroalgal abundance on macrobenthic faunal communities in intertidal flats, experiments were conducted in two sites in Bodega Harbor (BOD) and two sites in Upper Newport Bay (UNB), California, USA. At each site, 24 cages maintained six treatments of macroalgae for eight weeks, with mat depths of 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 cm composed mostly of bloom-forming green macroalgae in the genus Ulva. Every two weeks, cores of sediment (10 cm deep) were collected, and macrofauna were quantified. Mats 1 cm deep, equivalent to a biomass of 110-120 g dry mass (dm)/m2 or 840-930 g wet mass/m2, resulted in the reduction of macrofaunal abundance by at least 67% and species richness by at least 19% within two weeks at three of four sites. Loss was attributed to the decline of key functional groups. Surface-deposit feeders were eliminated from one site at BOD within four weeks and at one site in UNB within six weeks, while 1-cm mats negatively affected suspension feeders and herbivores in the second site at BOD. In contrast, the other site at UNB was not affected by macroalgal treatment, likely due to an initial community composed of a high proportion of subsurface-deposit feeders tolerant of stressful environments. Macroalgal abundances as low as 110-120 g dm/m2 had significant and rapid negative effects on macrobenthic invertebrates, providing a clear benchmark of adverse effects of macroalgal blooms on macrofaunal abundance and community structure, two indicators of ecosystem health. This information can inform the establishment of appropriate metrics for macroalgal abundance in eutrophic estuaries.
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Huh IA, Kim YS, Yu SJ, Wong S, Shin WS, Park HO, Kim HJ, Kim HW. Development of freshwater sediment management standards for organic matters, nutrients, and metals in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:86-94. [PMID: 24022097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Korean water quality managers are required to promptly develop national assessment standards for freshwater sediment quality due to the Four Major River Restoration Project in Korea in 2009. We conducted this study to develop sediment management standards (SMSs), determining obviously and severely polluted sediment, which could have adverse impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystem. The SMSs values were derived from the 95th percentile of concentration distribution for organic matter and nutrients in sediment quality database. For the SMSs of metals, foreign sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were adopted. As a result, 13% for loss on ignition (LOI), 1,600 mg/kg for total phosphorus (TP), and 5,600 mg/kg for total nitrogen (TN) were set as the SMSs for freshwater sediment in Korea. These values were higher than the range of heavily polluted sediment from USEPA Region 5 guideline derived by the similar approaches for the Great Lakes harbor sediments, and similar or lower than the severe effect level (SEL) from provincial sediment quality guideline (PSQG) of Ontario, Canada by screening level concentration (SLC) approach. However, SMSs in the present study are appropriate considering the concentration ranges and the Korean SMSs’ definition for freshwater sediments in Korea. The Puget Sound marine sediment cleanup screening level (CSL) in Washington State, USA were adopted as the Korean SMSs for As (93 mg/kg), Cd (6.7 mg/kg), Cr (270 mg/kg), Cu (390 mg/kg), Pb (530 mg/kg), and Zn (960 mg/kg) in freshwater sediments. Hg concentration (0.59 mg/kg) of CSL was too low to determine the polluted freshwater sediments in Korea, and the SEL of Ontario, Canada for mercury concentration (2 mg/kg) was selected as the SMS for Hg. These values were found reasonable through the assessment of applicability with the datasets from locations directly affected by obvious point sources. These results indicate that SMSs for organic matter, nutrient, and metals derived within the present study can successfully determine obviously and severely polluted sediment in Korea. However, the SMSs have limits to specifically determine the effects of polluted sediment on water quality and aquatic ecosystem in Korea. Thus, we will revise and specify SMSs considering those effects and further sediment quality assessment framework in the near future.
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Weak and habitat-dependent effects of nutrient pollution on macrofaunal communities of southeast Australian estuaries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65706. [PMID: 23799037 PMCID: PMC3684608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the impacts of coastal settlements to estuaries, nutrient pollution is often singled out as a leading cause of modification to the ecological communities of soft sediments. Through sampling of 48 sites, distributed among 16 estuaries of New South Wales, Australia, we tested the hypotheses that (1) anthropogenic nutrient loads would be a better predictor of macrofaunal communities than estuarine geomorphology or local sediment characteristics; and (2) local environmental context, as determined largely by sediment characteristics, would modify the relationship between nutrient loading and community composition. Contrary to the hypothesis, multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that sediment grain size was the best predictor of macrofaunal assemblage composition. When samples were stratified according to median grain size, relationships between faunal communities and nitrogen loading and latitude emerged, but only among estuaries with sandier sediments. In these estuaries, capitellid and nereid polychaetes and chironomid larvae were the taxa that showed the strongest correlations with nutrient loading. Overall, this study failed to provide evidence of a differential relationship between diffuse nutrient enrichment and benthic macrofauna across a gradient of 7° of latitude and 4°C temperature. Nevertheless, as human population growth continues to place increasing pressure on southeast Australian estuaries, manipulative field studies examining when and where nutrient loading will lead to significant changes in estuarine community structure are needed.
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Ho KT, Pelletier MC, Campbell DE, Burgess RM, Johnson RL, Rocha KJ. Diagnosis of potential stressors adversely affecting benthic communities in New Bedford Harbor, MA (USA). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2012; 8:685-702. [PMID: 22447411 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing the causes of impaired ecosystems in the marine environment is critical for effective management action. When ecological impairment is based on toxicological or biological criteria (i.e., degraded benthic community composition or toxicity test results), managers are faced with the additional problem of diagnosing the cause of impairment before plans can be initiated to reduce the pollutant loading. We evaluated a number of diagnostic tools to determine their ability to identify pollutants in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts (USA), using a modified version of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) stressor identification (SI) guidance. In this study, we linked chemical sources and toxic chemicals in the sediment with spatial concentration studies; we also linked toxic chemicals in the sediment with toxicity test results using toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) studies. We used geographical information systems (GIS) maps to determine sources and to aid in determining spatially integrated inorganic nitrogen (SIIN). The SIIN values of reference and test estuaries were quantified and compared. Using this approach, we determined that toxic chemicals continue to be active stressors in NBH and that a moderate nutrient stress exists, but we were unable to link the nutrient stressor with a source. Also excess sedimentation was evaluated, but it does not appear to be an active stressor in this harbor. The research included an evaluation of the effectiveness of tools under development that may be used to evaluate stressors in water bodies. We found that the following tools were useful in diagnosing active stressors: toxicity tests, toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods, comparison of grain size-normalized total organic carbon (TOC) ratios with reference sites, and comparison of SIIN with reference sites. This approach allowed us to successfully evaluate stressors in NBH retrospectively; however, a limitation in using retrospective data sets is that the approach may underestimate current or newly emerging stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay T Ho
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Avenue, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA.
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Burgess RM, Konovets IM, Kipnis LS, Lyashenko AV, Grintsov VA, Petrov AN, Terletskaya AV, Milyukin MV, Povolotskii MI, Demchenko VY, Bogoslovskaya TA, Topkin YV, Vorobyova TV, Portis LM, Ho KT. Distribution, magnitude and characterization of the toxicity of Ukrainian estuarine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2442-2462. [PMID: 21944545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During the Soviet era, Ukraine was an important industrial and agricultural region of the Soviet Union. This industrial and agricultural activity resulted in contamination of Ukraine's estuaries with legacy anthropogenic pollutants. Investigations on the toxicological effects of this estuarine contamination have been limited. For this research, we measured the toxicity of contaminated sediments from four Ukrainian estuaries to several aquatic organisms over 3 years. Sediment chemical analyses and whole sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were also performed to determine the classes of contaminants contributing to toxicity. Toxic sediments were observed in several of the Ukrainian estuaries and chemical analyses of the sediments demonstrated anthropogenic contaminants were widely distributed. Contaminants were also detected in macrobenthic organisms collected from the sediments. Several lines of evidence, including TIEs, indicated hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) were contributing substantially to observed toxicity. This information can guide environmental managers to prioritize portions of the estuaries requiring remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
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