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Joshi R, Adhikari S, Kim M, Jang Y, Min HJ, Lee D, Cho BK. Trace level detection of melamine and cyanuric acid extracted from pet liquid food (milk) using a SERS Au nanogap substrate. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100726. [PMID: 38590692 PMCID: PMC10999514 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reported an application of Au nanogap substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements to quantitatively analyze melamine and its derivative products at trace levels in pet liquid food (milk) combined with a waveband selection approach, namely variable importance in projection (VIP). Six different concentrations of melamine, cyanuric acid, and melamine combined with cyanuric acid were created, and SERS spectra were acquired from 550 to 1620cm-1. Detection was possible up to 200 pM for melamine-contaminated samples, and 400 pM concentration detection for other two groups. The VIP-PLSR models obtained correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.997, 0.985, and 0.981, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 18.492 pM, 19.777 pM, and 15.124 pM for prediction datasets. Additionally, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify both pure and different concentrations of spiked samples. The results showed that the maximum classification accuracy for melamine was 100%, for cyanuric acid it was 96%, and for melamine coupled with cyanuric acid it was 95%. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that the Au nanogap substrate offers low-concentration, rapid, and efficient detection of hazardous additive chemicals in pet consuming liquid food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Joshi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Samir Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yudong Jang
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Donghan Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-to, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
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Calle JLP, Vázquez-Espinosa M, Barea-Sepúlveda M, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Ferreiro-González M, Palma M. Novel Method Based on Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Machine Learning for the Discrimination of Fruit Juices. Foods 2023; 12:2536. [PMID: 37444273 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit juices are one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and their production is subject to strict regulations. Therefore, this study presents a methodology based on the use of headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) in combination with machine-learning algorithms for the characterization juices of different raw material (orange, pineapple, or apple and grape). For this purpose, the ion mobility sum spectrum (IMSS) was used. First, an optimization of the most important conditions in generating the HS was carried out using a Box-Behnken design coupled with a response surface methodology. The following factors were studied: temperature, time, and sample volume. The optimum values were 46.3 °C, 5 min, and 750 µL, respectively. Once the conditions were optimized, 76 samples of the different types of juices were analyzed and the IMSS was combined with different machine-learning algorithms for its characterization. The exploratory analysis by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear tendency to group the samples according to the type of fruit juice and, to a lesser extent, the commercial brand. The combination of IMSS with supervised classification techniques reported an excellent result with 100% accuracy on the test set for support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF) models regarding the specific fruit used. Nevertheless, all the models have proven to be an effective alternative for characterizing and classifying the different types of juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis P Calle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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Benedet L, Silva SHG, Mancini M, Andrade R, Amaral FHC, Lima GJ, Carneiro MAC, Curi N. Clean quality control of agricultural and non-agricultural lime by rapid and accurate assessment of calcium and magnesium contents via proximal sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115300. [PMID: 36649846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ca and Mg are the most important chemical elements in lime. Properly measuring Ca and Mg contents is essential to assess the quality of lime products. Quality control guarantees the adequate use of lime in industrial processes, in soils, and helps avoiding adulteration. Proximal sensors can aid in this process by determining Ca and Mg contents easily, rapidly and without producing chemical waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use an environmentally-friendly method of analyzing the quality of lime. We studied 1) the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) to predict concentrations of Ca and Mg in lime, 2) tested if NixPro™ sensor can improve prediction accuracy and 3) tested if sample preparation methods (grinding) affect analyses. 74 samples of lime were analyzed by two different laboratories (lab. 1 = 38, lab. 2 = 36). All samples submitted to pXRF and NixPro™ analyses. Sensor analyses were done in whole (CP) and ground (AQ) samples to test the effect of sample preparation in prediction performance. High correlation was found between Ca and Mg contents measured via pXRF and laboratory analyses. Mg-CP presented the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.81); Mg-AQ, the lowest (0.57). Predictions presented good performance (R2 > 0.68); Mg had the best results (0.86). Separating models per laboratory showed that some datasets are harder to model, probably due to variability in the source material (limestone). The addition of NixPro™ data contributed to improve prediction accuracy, although slightly. Predictions using CP samples presented the best results, especially for Mg, indicating that grinding is not necessary. This pioneer study demonstrated that fused proximal sensors can be used to rapidly and easily determine contents of Ca and Mg in soil amendments without producing chemical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Benedet
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mancini
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Jânio Lima
- Agriculture Promotion Company, CAMPO. Paracatu, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Curi
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Jahani R, van Ruth S, Weesepoel Y, Alewijn M, Kobarfard F, Faizi M, Shojaee AliAbadi MH, Mahboubi A, Nasiri A, Yazdanpanah H. Comparison of Portable and Benchtop Near-Infrared Spectrometers for the Detection of Citric Acid-adulterated Lime Juice: A Chemometrics Approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e128372. [PMID: 36942059 PMCID: PMC10024328 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the incidence of food adulteration is rising, finding a rapid, accurate, precise, low-cost, user-friendly, high-throughput, ruggedized, and ideally portable method is valuable to combat food fraud. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in combination with a chemometrics-based approach, allows potentially rapid, frequent, and in situ measurements in supply chains. Methods This study focused on the feasibility of a benchtop Fourier-transformation-NIRS apparatus (FT-NIRS, 1000 - 2500 nm) and a portable short wave NIRS device (SW-NIRS, 740 - 1070 nm) for the discrimination of genuine and citric acid-adulterated lime juice samples in a cost-effective manner following chemometrics study. Results Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectral data resulted in a noticeable distinction between genuine and adulterated samples. Wavelengths between 1100 - 1400 nm and 1550 - 1900 nm were found to be more important for the discrimination of samples for the benchtop FT-NIRS data, while variables between 950 - 1050 nm contributed significantly to the discrimination of samples based on the portable SW-NIRS data. Following partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) as a discriminant model, standard normal variate (SNV) or multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) transformation of benchtop FT-NIRS data and SNV in combination with the second derivative transformation of portable SW-NIRS data on the training set delivered equal accuracy (94%) in the prediction of the test set. In the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) as a class-modeling approach, the overall performances of generated models on the auto-scaled data were 98% and 94.5% for benchtop FT-NIRS and portable SW-NIRS, respectively. Conclusions As a proof of concept, NIRS technology coupled with appropriate multivariate classification models enables fast detection of citric acid-adulterated lime juices. In addition, the promising results of portable SW-NIRS combined with SIMCA indicated its use as a screening tool for on-site analysis of lime juices at various stages of the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jahani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saskia van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yannick Weesepoel
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Alewijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Mahboubi
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nasiri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Suomela JP. Non-destructive assessment of vitamin C in foods: a review of the main findings and limitations of vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe constant increase in the demand for safe and high-quality food has generated the need to develop efficient methods to evaluate food composition, vitamin C being one of the main quality indicators. However, its heterogeneity and susceptibility to degradation makes the analysis of vitamin C difficult by conventional techniques, but as a result of technological advances, vibrational spectroscopy techniques have been developed that are more efficient, economical, fast, and non-destructive. This review focuses on main findings on the evaluation of vitamin C in foods by using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. First, the fundamentals of ultraviolet–visible, infrared and Raman spectroscopy are detailed. Also, chemometric methods, whose use is essential for a correct processing and evaluation of the spectral information, are described. The use and importance of vibrational spectroscopy in the evaluation of vitamin C through qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis is reported. Finally, some limitations of the techniques and potential solutions are described, as well as future trends related to the utilization of vibrational spectroscopic techniques.
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Baltacıoğlu H. Thermosonication of peach juice: investigation of PPO and POD activities, physicochemical and bioactive compounds changes, and development of FT‐IR–based chemometric models for the evaluation of quality. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Baltacıoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Niğde 51240 Turkey
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