1
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Maoz M, Devir M, Inbar M, Inbar-Daniel Z, Sherill-Rofe D, Bloch I, Meir K, Edelman D, Azzam S, Nechushtan H, Maimon O, Uziely B, Kadouri L, Sonnenblick A, Eden A, Peretz T, Zick A. Clinical Implications of Sub-grouping HER2 Positive Tumors by Amplicon Structure and Co-amplified Genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18795. [PMID: 31827209 PMCID: PMC6906288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 amplification is a prognostic marker for aggressive tumors and a predictive marker for prolonged survival following treatment with HER2 inhibitors. We attempt to sub-group HER2+ tumors based on amplicon structures and co-amplified genes. We examined five HER2+ cell lines, three HER2+ xenographs and 57 HER2+ tumor tissues. ERBB2 amplification was analyzed using digital droplet PCR and low coverage whole genome sequencing. In some HER2+ tumors PPM1D, that encodes WIP1, is co-amplified. Cell lines were treated with HER2 and WIP1 inhibitors. We find that inverted duplication is the amplicon structure in the majority of HER2+ tumors. In patients suffering from an early stage disease the ERBB2 amplicon is composed of a single segment while in patients suffering from advanced cancer the amplicon is composed of several different segments. We find robust WIP1 inhibition in some HER2+ PPM1D amplified cell lines. Sub-grouping HER2+ tumors using low coverage whole genome sequencing identifies inverted duplications as the main amplicon structure and based on the number of segments, differentiates between local and advanced tumors. In addition, we found that we could determine if a tumor is a recurrent tumor or second primary tumor and identify co-amplified oncogenes that may serve as targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Maoz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Devir
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Inbar
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziva Inbar-Daniel
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Sherill-Rofe
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Bloch
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen Meir
- Department of Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Edelman
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salah Azzam
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beatrice Uziely
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luna Kadouri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviad Zick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Noordhuis P, Laan AC, van de Born K, Honeywell RJ, Peters GJ. Coexisting Molecular Determinants of Acquired Oxaliplatin Resistance in Human Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153619. [PMID: 31344863 PMCID: PMC6696456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OHP) treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently leads to resistance. OHP resistance was induced in CRC cell lines LoVo-92 and LoVo-Li and a platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, and related to cellular platinum accumulation, platinum-DNA adducts, transporter expression, DNA repair genes, gene expression arrays, and array-CGH profiling. Pulse (4 h, 4OHP) and continuous exposure (72 h, cOHP) resulted in 4.0 to 7.9-fold and 5.0 to 11.8-fold drug resistance, respectively. Cellular oxaliplatin accumulation and DNA-adduct formation were decreased and related to OCT1-3 and ATP7A expression. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis showed significantly altered p53 signaling, xenobiotic metabolism, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways, were related to decreased ALDH1L2, Bax, and BBC3 (PUMA) and increased aldo-keto reductases C1 and C3. The array-CGH profiles showed focal aberrations. In conclusion, OHP resistance was correlated with total platinum accumulation and OCT1-3 expression, decreased proapoptotic, and increased anti-apoptosis and homologous repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noordhuis
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C Laan
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper van de Born
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Honeywell
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Lopes F, Torres F, Soares G, van Karnebeek CD, Martins C, Antunes D, Silva J, Muttucomaroe L, Botelho LF, Sousa S, Rendeiro P, Tavares P, Van Esch H, Rajcan-Separovic E, Maciel P. The Role of AKT3 Copy Number Changes in Brain Abnormalities and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Four New Cases and Literature Review. Front Genet 2019; 10:58. [PMID: 30853971 PMCID: PMC6395382 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions at 1q43-q44 have been described as resulting in a clinically recognizable phenotype of intellectual disability (ID), facial dysmorphisms and microcephaly (MIC). In contrast, the reciprocal microduplications of 1q43-q44 region have been less frequently reported and patients showed a variable phenotype, including macrocephaly. Reports of a large number of patients with copy number variations involving this region highlighted the AKT3 gene as a likely key player in head size anomalies. We report four novel patients with copy number variations in the 1q43-q44 region: one with a larger deletion (3.7Mb), two with smaller deletions affecting AKT3 and SDCCAG8 genes (0.16 and 0.18Mb) and one with a quadruplication (1Mb) that affects the entire AKT3 gene. All patients with deletions presented MIC without structural brain abnormalities, whereas the patient with quadruplication had macrocephaly, but his carrier father had normal head circumference. Our report also includes a comparison of phenotypes in cases with 1q43-q44 duplications to assist future genotype-phenotype correlations. Our observations implicate AKT3 as a contributor to ID/development delay (DD) and head size but raise doubts about its straightforward impact on the latter aspect of the phenotype in patients with 1q43-q44 deletion/duplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lopes
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fátima Torres
- CGC Genetics, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Academic Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cecília Martins
- Department of Pediatrics, Médio Ave Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Diana Antunes
- Medical Genetics Department, Hospital D. Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lauren Muttucomaroe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luís Filipe Botelho
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Santo António, Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Sousa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Hilde Van Esch
- Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrícia Maciel
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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4
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van den Broek E, Krijgsman O, Sie D, Tijssen M, Mongera S, van de Wiel MA, Belt EJT, den Uil SH, Bril H, Stockmann HBAC, Ylstra B, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Genomic profiling of stage II and III colon cancers reveals APC mutations to be associated with survival in stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73876-73887. [PMID: 27729614 PMCID: PMC5342020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor profiling of DNA alterations, i.e. gene point mutations, somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) and structural variants (SVs), improves insight into the molecular pathology of cancer and clinical outcome. Here, associations between genomic aberrations and disease recurrence in stage II and III colon cancers were investigated. A series of 114 stage II and III microsatellite stable colon cancer samples were analyzed by high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) to detect CNAs and CNA-associated chromosomal breakpoints (SVs). For 60 of these samples mutation status of APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, BRAF and NRAS was determined using targeted massive parallel sequencing. Loss of chromosome 18q12.1-18q12.2 occurred more frequently in tumors that relapsed than in relapse-free tumors (p < 0.001; FDR = 0.13). In total, 267 genes were recurrently affected by SVs (FDR < 0.1). CNAs and SVs were not associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Mutations in APC and TP53 were associated with increased CNAs. APC mutations were associated with poor prognosis in (5-fluorouracil treated) stage III colon cancers (p = 0.005; HR = 4.1), an effect that was further enhanced by mutations in MAPK pathway (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) genes. We conclude that among multiple genomic alterations in CRC, strongest associations with clinical outcome were observed for common mutations in APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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The contribution of 7q33 copy number variations for intellectual disability. Neurogenetics 2017; 19:27-40. [PMID: 29260337 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) at the 7q33 cytoband are very rarely described in the literature, and almost all of the cases comprise large deletions affecting more than just the q33 segment. We report seven patients (two families with two siblings and their affected mother and one unrelated patient) with neurodevelopmental delay associated with CNVs in 7q33 alone. All the patients presented mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID), dysmorphic features, and a behavioral phenotype characterized by aggressiveness and disinhibition. One family presents a small duplication in cis affecting CALD1 and AGBL3 genes, while the other four patients carry two larger deletions encompassing EXOC4, CALD1, AGBL3, and CNOT4. This work helps to refine the phenotype and narrow the minimal critical region involved in 7q33 CNVs. Comparison with similar cases and functional studies should help us clarify the relevance of the deleted genes for ID and behavioral alterations.
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6
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Hugen N, Simmer F, Mekenkamp LJM, Koopman M, van den Broek E, de Wilt JHW, Punt CJA, Ylstra B, Meijer GA, Nagtegaal ID. Reduced rate of copy number aberrations in mucinous colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25715-25. [PMID: 26329972 PMCID: PMC4694861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is found in 10%-15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. It differs from the common adenocarcinoma (AC) in histopathological appearance and clinical behavior. METHODS Genome-wide DNA copy number and survival data from MC and AC primary CRC samples from patients from two phase III trials (CAIRO and CAIRO2) was compared. Chromosomal copy number data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for validation. Altogether, 470 ACs were compared to 57 MCs. RESULTS MC showed a reduced amount of copy number aberrations (CNAs) compared with AC for the CAIRO/CAIRO2 cohort, with a median amount of CNAs that was 1.5-fold lower (P = 0.002). Data from TCGA also showed a reduced amount of CNAs for MC. MC samples in both cohorts displayed less gain at chromosome 20q and less loss of chromosome 18p. A high rate of chromosomal instability was a strong negative prognostic marker for survival in MC patients from the CAIRO cohorts (hazard ratio 15.60, 95% CI 3.24-75.05). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that the distinct MC phenotype is accompanied by a different genetic basis when compared with AC and show a strong association between the rate of chromosomal instability and survival in MC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Hugen
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie J M Mekenkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Spectrum Twente Enschede, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Obulkasim A, Ylstra B, van Essen HF, Benner C, Stenning S, Langley R, Allum W, Cunningham D, Inam I, Hewitt LC, West NP, Meijer GA, van de Wiel MA, Grabsch HI. Reduced genomic tumor heterogeneity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is related to favorable outcome in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44084-44095. [PMID: 27286451 PMCID: PMC5190081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy followed by surgery is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). There is increasing evidence that drug resistance might be related to genomic heterogeneity. We investigated whether genomic tumor heterogeneity is different after cytotoxic chemotherapy and is associated with EAC patient survival. We used arrayCGH and a quantitative assessment of the whole genome DNA copy number aberration patterns ('DNA copy number entropy') to establish the level of genomic tumor heterogeneity in 80 EAC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (CS group) or surgery alone (S group). The association between DNA copy number entropy, clinicopathological variables and survival was investigated.DNA copy number entropy was reduced after chemotherapy, even if there was no morphological evidence of response to therapy (p<0.001). Low DNA copy number entropy was associated with improved survival in the CS group (p=0.011) but not in the S group (p=0.396).Our results suggest that cytotoxic chemotherapy reduces DNA copy number entropy, which might be a more sensitive tumor response marker than changes in the morphological tumor phenotype. The use of DNA copy number entropy in clinical practice will require validation of our results in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askar Obulkasim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | | | - Christian Benner
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Sally Stenning
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Langley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - William Allum
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Imran Inam
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Hewitt
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pathology and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NL
| | - Nicolas P. West
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerrit A. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Mark A. van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
- Department of Mathematics, VU University, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pathology and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NL
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8
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Vieira JP, Lopes F, Silva-Fernandes A, Sousa MV, Moura S, Sousa S, Costa BM, Barbosa M, Ylstra B, Temudo T, Lourenço T, Maciel P. Variant Rett syndrome in a girl with a pericentric X-chromosome inversion leading to epigenetic changes and overexpression of the MECP2 gene. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 46:82-7. [PMID: 26287660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. We investigated the genetic basis of disease in a female patient with a Rett-like clinical. Karyotype analysis revealed a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome -46,X,inv(X)(p22.1q28), with breakpoints in the cytobands where the MECP2 and CDKL5 genes are located. FISH analysis revealed that the MECP2 gene is not dislocated by the inversion. However, and in spite of a balanced pattern of X inactivation, this patient displayed hypomethylation and an overexpression of the MECP2 gene at the mRNA level in the lymphocytes (mean fold change: 2.55±0.38) in comparison to a group of control individuals; the expression of the CDKL5 gene was similar to that of controls (mean fold change: 0.98±0.10). No gains or losses were detected in the breakpoint regions encompassing known or suspected transcription regulatory elements. We propose that the de-regulation of MECP2 expression in this patient may be due to alterations in long-range genomic interactions caused by the inversion and hypothesize that this type of epigenetic de-regulation of the MECP2 may be present in other RTT-like patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Vieira
- Neurology Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Portugal
| | - Fátima Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Vânia Sousa
- Neurology Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Portugal
| | - Sofia Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Barbosa
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Temudo
- Neuropediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lourenço
- Neurology Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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9
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Schouten PC, Grigoriadis A, Kuilman T, Mirza H, Watkins JA, Cooke SA, van Dyk E, Severson TM, Rueda OM, Hoogstraat M, Verhagen CVM, Natrajan R, Chin SF, Lips EH, Kruizinga J, Velds A, Nieuwland M, Kerkhoven RM, Krijgsman O, Vens C, Peeper D, Nederlof PM, Caldas C, Tutt AN, Wessels LF, Linn SC. Robust BRCA1-like classification of copy number profiles of samples repeated across different datasets and platforms. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1274-86. [PMID: 25825120 PMCID: PMC5528812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers with BRCA1 germline mutation have a characteristic DNA copy number (CN) pattern. We developed a test that assigns CN profiles to be 'BRCA1-like' or 'non-BRCA1-like', which refers to resembling a BRCA1-mutated tumor or resembling a tumor without a BRCA1 mutation, respectively. Approximately one third of the BRCA1-like breast cancers have a BRCA1 mutation, one third has hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter and one third has an unknown reason for being BRCA1-like. This classification is indicative of patients' response to high dose alkylating and platinum containing chemotherapy regimens, which targets the inability of BRCA1 deficient cells to repair DNA double strand breaks. We investigated whether this classification can be reliably obtained with next generation sequencing and copy number platforms other than the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) on which it was originally developed. We investigated samples from 230 breast cancer patients for which a CN profile had been generated on two to five platforms, comprising low coverage CN sequencing, CN extraction from targeted sequencing panels (CopywriteR), Affymetrix SNP6.0, 135K/720K oligonucleotide aCGH, Affymetrix Oncoscan FFPE (MIP) technology, 3K BAC and 32K BAC aCGH. Pairwise comparison of genomic position-mapped profiles from the original aCGH platform and other platforms revealed concordance. For most cases, biological differences between samples exceeded the differences between platforms within one sample. We observed the same classification across different platforms in over 80% of the patients and kappa values of at least 0.36. Differential classification could be attributed to CN profiles that were not strongly associated to one class. In conclusion, we have shown that the genomic regions that define our BRCA1-like classifier are robustly measured by different CN profiling technologies, providing the possibility to retro- and prospectively investigate BRCA1-like classification across a wide range of CN platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Schouten
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hasan Mirza
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan A Watkins
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia A Cooke
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewald van Dyk
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M Severson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marlous Hoogstraat
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther H Lips
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Kruizinga
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Velds
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Nieuwland
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M Kerkhoven
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Nederlof
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical, Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewyk F Wessels
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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van Wanrooij RLJ, de Jong D, Langerak AW, Ylstra B, van Essen HF, Heideman DAM, Bontkes HJ, Mulder CJJ, Bouma G. Novel variant of EATL evolving from mucosal γδ-T-cells in a patient with type I RCD. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000026. [PMID: 26462278 PMCID: PMC4599158 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma that may complicate coeliac disease and typically occurs in patients with refractoriness to the gluten-free diet. The majority of these patients harbour a clonal expansion of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with an aberrant phenotype in the small intestine which are thus considered as the ‘precursor’ lymphoma cells. We describe a 51-year-old female patient with refractory coeliac disease (RCD) who developed an EATL with manifestations in the proximal small intestine and in a mesenteric lymph node that did not evolve from regular type ‘aberrant’ αβ-T-cells but rather from a clonal expansion of γδ-T-cells. Methods Duodenal biopsies and lymphoma tissue from a patient with refractory coeliac disease whom developed an EATL were extensively studied by immunophenotypical, T-cell receptor immunogenetic and chromosomal analysis. Results Flow cytometric analysis of duodenal IELs revealed an unusual large clonal expansion of CD30 negative γδ-T-cells in a patient with RCD. When the patient clinically deteriorated 18 months later, a substantial part (30%) of this cell population did express CD30. In addition, identical immunogenetic aberrancies had developed in a prehepatic lymph node. Conclusions We here report on a case of extraintestinal EATL that originated from a clonal γδ-IEL population rather than from aberrant IEL. This EATL displayed a distinctive pattern of immunophenotypical, T-cell receptor immunogenetic and chromosomal aberrancies as compared to classical EATL, defining this lymphoma as a novel variant of EATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L J van Wanrooij
- Department of Gastroenterology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - D de Jong
- Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - A W Langerak
- Department of Immunology , Erasmus University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - B Ylstra
- Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - H F van Essen
- Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - D A M Heideman
- Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - H J Bontkes
- Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - C J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
| | - G Bouma
- Department of Gastroenterology , VU University Medical Center , The Netherlands
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11
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An interstitial de-novo microdeletion of 3q26.33q27.3 causing severe intrauterine growth retardation. Clin Dysmorphol 2015; 24:68-74. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Adegbola A, Musante L, Callewaert B, Maciel P, Hu H, Isidor B, Picker-Minh S, Le Caignec C, Delle Chiaie B, Vanakker O, Menten B, Dheedene A, Bockaert N, Roelens F, Decaestecker K, Silva J, Soares G, Lopes F, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K, Cox GF, Angus SP, Staropoli JF, Fischer U, Suckow V, Bartsch O, Chess A, Ropers HH, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM, Kalscheuer VM. Redefining the MED13L syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1308-17. [PMID: 25758992 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cardiac and neurodevelopmental deficits have been recently linked to the mediator complex subunit 13-like protein MED13L, a subunit of the CDK8-associated mediator complex that functions in transcriptional regulation through DNA-binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Heterozygous MED13L variants cause transposition of the great arteries and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we report eight patients with predominantly novel MED13L variants who lack such complex congenital heart malformations. Rather, they depict a syndromic form of ID characterized by facial dysmorphism, ID, speech impairment, motor developmental delay with muscular hypotonia and behavioral difficulties. We thereby define a novel syndrome and significantly broaden the clinical spectrum associated with MED13L variants. A prominent feature of the MED13L neurocognitive presentation is profound language impairment, often in combination with articulatory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Adegbola
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciana Musante
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Genetique Medicale, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cedric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Genetique Medicale, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Bockaert
- Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Roelens
- Pediatrics Department, Heilig Hart Hospital, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | - João Silva
- Institute for Molecular and Celular Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr Jacinto Magalhães, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gerald F Cox
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Angus
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John F Staropoli
- Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Building 6, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrew Chess
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Schouten PC, Marmé F, Aulmann S, Sinn HP, van Essen HF, Ylstra B, Hauptmann M, Schneeweiss A, Linn SC. Breast cancers with a BRCA1-like DNA copy number profile recur less often than expected after high-dose alkylating chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:763-70. [PMID: 25480832 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancers in carriers of inactivating mutations of the BRCA1 gene carry a specific DNA copy-number signature ("BRCA1-like"). This signature is shared with cancers that inactivate BRCA1 through other mechanisms. Because BRCA1 is important in repair of DNA double-strand breaks through error-free homologous recombination, patients with a BRCA1-like tumor may benefit from high-dose alkylating (HD) chemotherapy, which induces DNA double-strand breaks. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated a single institution cohort of high-risk patients that received tandem HD chemotherapy schedule comprising ifosfamide, epirubicin, and carboplatin or conventional chemotherapy. We classified copy-number profiles to be BRCA1-like or non-BRCA1-like and analyzed clinical associations and performed survival analysis with a treatment by biomarker interaction design. RESULTS BRCA1-like status associated with high-grade and triple-negative breast cancers. BRCA1-like cases benefitted from the HD compared with a conventional regimen on disease-free survival (DFS): [hazard ratio (HR), 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01-0.38; P = 0.003]; distant DFS (DDFS): (HR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.43; P = 0.01); and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03-0.83; P = 0.03) after correction for prognostic factors. No such benefit was observed in the non-BRCA1-like cases on DFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.38-1.46; P = 0.39), DDFS (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.41-1.52; P = 0.47), and OS (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.52-1.64; P = 0.79). The P values for interaction were 0.01 (DFS), 0.01 (DDFS), and 0.045 (OS). CONCLUSIONS BRCA1-like tumors recurred significantly less often after HD than conventional chemotherapy. BRCA1-like copy-number profile classification may be a predictive marker for HD alkylating chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Schouten
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Aulmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik F van Essen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Haan JC, Labots M, Rausch C, Koopman M, Tol J, Mekenkamp LJM, van de Wiel MA, Israeli D, van Essen HF, van Grieken NCT, Voorham QJM, Bosch LJW, Qu X, Kabbarah O, Verheul HMW, Nagtegaal ID, Punt CJA, Ylstra B, Meijer GA. Genomic landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5457. [PMID: 25394515 PMCID: PMC4243240 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to drug therapy in individual colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is associated with tumour biology. Here we describe the genomic landscape of tumour samples of a homogeneous well-annotated series of patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) of two phase III clinical trials, CAIRO and CAIRO2. DNA copy number aberrations of 349 patients are determined. Within three treatment arms, 194 chromosomal subregions are associated with progression-free survival (PFS; uncorrected single-test P-values <0.005). These subregions are filtered for effect on messenger RNA expression, using an independent data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas which returned 171 genes. Three chromosomal regions are associated with a significant difference in PFS between treatment arms with or without irinotecan. One of these regions, 6q16.1–q21, correlates in vitro with sensitivity to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. This genomic landscape of mCRC reveals a number of DNA copy number aberrations associated with response to drug therapy. Response to drug therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has been associated with tumour heterogeneity. Here the authors analyse DNA copy number aberrations in primary tumours from CRC patients and identify genetic variants that influence drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C Haan
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Rausch
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Tol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie J M Mekenkamp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 824, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Israeli
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik F van Essen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quirinus J M Voorham
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J W Bosch
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xueping Qu
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080 USA
| | - Omar Kabbarah
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080 USA
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 824, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Maffei M, Mongera S, Terpstra L, Donadini A, Voorham QJM, Meijer GA, Giaretti W, Carvalho B, Castagnola P. Chromosome 20 aberrations at the diploid-aneuploid transition in sporadic colorectal cancer. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 144:9-14. [PMID: 25323042 DOI: 10.1159/000367909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA aneuploid sublines in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) are quite frequent (about 85%) and likely the consequence of chromosomal instability and DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). In order to gain insight into the mechanisms of the diploid-aneuploid transition in CRCs, we compared the CNA status in both diploid and aneuploid sublines. We used fresh/frozen material from 17 aneuploid CRCs, which was separated into 17 DNA diploid and 17 aneuploid sublines using enrichment of the epithelial component by multiparameter flow cytometry and sorting. CNA status of both sublines was obtained by array comparative genomic hybridization. The DNA diploid sublines from the aneuploid CRCs showed already CNAs, in particular, gains at 20 p and 20 q. The same aberrations were detected at increased frequencies in the corresponding DNA aneuploid sublines. Moreover, the very frequent gains/losses of chromosomes 4, 7, 8, 13, 15, and 18 in the DNA aneuploid sublines were absent or rare in the DNA diploid sublines from the same sporadic aneuploid CRCs. The comparison of the DNA diploid and aneuploid sublines from aneuploid CRCs suggests that 20 p and 20 q gains may play a role in the diploid-aneuploid transition. The 20 q chromosomal arm appears of particular interest since it harbors several genes implicated in chromosomal instability.
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16
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Panova M, Johansson T, Canbäck B, Bentzer J, Rosenblad MA, Johannesson K, Tunlid A, André C. Species and gene divergence in Littorina snails detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:687. [PMID: 25135785 PMCID: PMC4148934 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is commonly used to screen different types of genetic variation in humans and model species. Here, we performed aCGH using an oligonucleotide gene-expression array for a non-model species, the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis. First, we tested what types of genetic variation can be detected by this method using direct re-sequencing and comparison to the Littorina genome draft. Secondly, we performed a genome-wide comparison of four closely related Littorina species: L. fabalis, L. compressa, L. arcana and L. saxatilis and of populations of L. saxatilis found in Spain, Britain and Sweden. Finally, we tested whether we could identify genetic variation underlying “Crab” and “Wave” ecotypes of L. saxatilis. Results We could reliably detect copy number variations, deletions and high sequence divergence (i.e. above 3%), but not single nucleotide polymorphisms. The overall hybridization pattern and number of significantly diverged genes were in close agreement with earlier phylogenetic reconstructions based on single genes. The trichotomy of L. arcana, L. compressa and L. saxatilis could not be resolved and we argue that these divergence events have occurred recently and very close in time. We found evidence for high levels of segmental duplication in the Littorina genome (10% of the transcripts represented on the array and up to 23% of the analyzed genomic fragments); duplicated genes and regions were mostly the same in all analyzed species. Finally, this method discriminated geographically distant populations of L. saxatilis, but we did not detect any significant genome divergence associated with ecotypes of L. saxatilis. Conclusions The present study provides new information on the sensitivity and the potential use of oligonucleotide arrays for genotyping of non-model organisms. Applying this method to Littorina species yields insights into genome evolution following the recent species radiation and supports earlier single-gene based phylogenies. Genetic differentiation of L. saxatilis ecotypes was not detected in this study, despite pronounced innate phenotypic differences. The reason may be that these differences are due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-687) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Panova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences - Tjärnö, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Vollebergh MA, Klijn C, Schouten PC, Wesseling J, Israeli D, Ylstra B, Wessels LF, Jonkers J, Linn SC. Lack of genomic heterogeneity at high-resolution aCGH between primary breast cancers and their paired lymph node metastases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103177. [PMID: 25083859 PMCID: PMC4118860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph-node metastasis (LNM) predict high recurrence rates in breast cancer patients. Systemic treatment aims to eliminate (micro)metastatic cells. However decisions regarding systemic treatment depend largely on clinical and molecular characteristics of primary tumours. It remains, however, unclear to what extent metastases resemble the cognate primary breast tumours, especially on a genomic level, and as such will be eradicated by the systemic therapy chosen. In this study we used high-resolution aCGH to investigate DNA copy number differences between primary breast cancers and their paired LNMs. To date, no recurrent LNM-specific genomic aberrations have been identified using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis. In our study we employ a high-resolution platform and we stratify on different breast cancer subtypes, both aspects that might have underpowered previously performed studies.To test the possibility that genomic instability in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) might cause increased random and potentially also recurrent copy number aberrations (CNAs) in their LNMs, we studied 10 primary TNBC–LNM pairs and 10 ER-positive (ER+) pairs and verified our findings adding additionally 5 TNBC-LNM and 22 ER+-LNM pairs. We found that all LNMs clustered nearest to their matched tumour except for two cases, of which one was due to the presence of two distinct histological components in one tumour. We found no significantly altered CNAs between tumour and their LNMs in the entire group or in the subgroups. Within the TNBC subgroup, no absolute increase in CNAs was found in the LNMs compared to their primary tumours, suggesting that increased genomic instability does not lead to more CNAs in LNMs. Our findings suggest a high clonal relationship between primary breast tumours and its LNMs, at least prior to treatment, and support the use of primary tumour characteristics to guide adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A. Vollebergh
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Klijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Israeli
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F.A. Wessels
- Department of Bioinformatics and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Analysis of MYB oncogene in transformed adenoid cystic carcinomas reveals distinct pathways of tumor progression. J Transl Med 2014; 94:692-702. [PMID: 24732452 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinomas can occasionally undergo dedifferentiation, a phenomenon also referred to as high-grade transformation. However, cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas have been described showing transformation to adenocarcinomas that are not poorly differentiated, indicating that high-grade transformation may not necessarily reflect a more advanced stage of tumor progression, but rather a transformation to another histological form, which may encompass a wide spectrum of carcinomas in terms of aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to gain more insight in the biology of this pathological phenomenon by means of genetic profiling of both histological components. Using microarray comparative genomic hybridization, we compared the genome-wide DNA copy-number changes of the conventional and transformed area of eight adenoid cystic carcinomas with high-grade transformation, comprising four with transformation into moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and four into poorly differentiated carcinomas. In general, the poorly differentiated carcinoma cases showed a higher total number of copy-number changes than the moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cases, and this correlated with a worse clinical course. Special attention was given to chromosomal translocation and protein expression of MYB, recently being considered to be an early and major oncogenic event in adenoid cystic carcinomas. Our data showed that the process of high-grade transformation is not always accompanied by an accumulation of genetic alterations; both conventional and transformed components harbored unique genetic alterations, which indicate a parallel progression. Our data further demonstrated that the MYB/NFIB translocation is not necessarily an early event or fundamental for the progression to adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation.
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Mekenkamp LJM, Haan JC, Israeli D, van Essen HFB, Dijkstra JR, van Cleef P, Punt CJA, Meijer GA, Nagtegaal ID, Ylstra B. Chromosomal copy number aberrations in colorectal metastases resemble their primary counterparts and differences are typically non-recurrent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86833. [PMID: 24505270 PMCID: PMC3914793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic process is complex and remains a major obstacle in the management of colorectal cancer. To gain a better insight into the pathology of metastasis, we investigated genomic aberrations in a large cohort of matched colorectal cancer primaries and distant metastases from various sites by high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization. In total, 62 primary colorectal cancers, and 68 matched metastases (22 liver, 11 lung, 12 ovary, 12 omentum, and 11 distant lymph nodes) were analyzed. Public datasets were used for validation purposes. Metastases resemble their matched primary tumors in the majority of the patients. This validates the significant overlap in chromosomal aberrations between primary tumors and corresponding metastases observed previously. We observed 15 statistically significant different regions between the primary tumors and their matched metastases, of which only one recurrent event in metastases was observed. We conclude, based on detailed analysis and large independent datasets, that chromosomal copy number aberrations in colorectal metastases resemble their primary counterparts, and differences are typically non-recurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J. M. Mekenkamp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josien C. Haan
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Israeli
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen R. Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Cleef
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. A. Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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van Boerdonk RAA, Daniels JMA, Snijders PJF, Grünberg K, Thunnissen E, van de Wiel MA, Ylstra B, Postmus PE, Meijer CJLM, Meijer GA, Smit EF, Sutedja TG, Heideman DAM. DNA copy number aberrations in endobronchial lesions: a validated predictor for cancer. Thorax 2013; 69:451-7. [PMID: 24227199 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a DNA copy number aberration (CNA)-based classifier, including changes at 3p26.3-p11.1, 3q26.2-29, and 6p25.3-24.3, as a risk predictor for cancer in individuals presenting with endobronchial squamous metaplasia. The current study was set out to validate the prediction accuracy of this classifier in an independent series of endobronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions. The study included 36 high-risk subjects who had endobronchial lesions of various histological grades that were identified and biopsied by autofluorescence bronchoscopy and were subjected to arrayCGH in a nested case-control design. Of the 36 patients, 12 had a carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma at the same site at follow-up (median 11 months, range 4-24), while 24 controls remained cancer free (78 months, range 21-142). The previously defined CNA-based classifier demonstrated 92% (95% CI 77% to 98%) accuracy for cancer (in situ) prediction. All nine subjects with CNA-based classifier-positive endobronchial lesions at baseline experienced cancer outcome, whereas all 24 controls and 3 cases were classified as being low risk. In conclusion, CNAs prove to be a highly accurate biomarker for assessing the progression risk of endobronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions. This classifier could assist in selecting subjects with endobronchial lesions who might benefit from more aggressive therapeutic intervention or surveillance.
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21
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Krijgsman O, Gonzalez P, Ponz OB, Roemer MGM, Slot S, Broeks A, Braaf L, Kerkhoven RM, Bot F, van Groningen K, Beijert M, Ylstra B, de Jong D. Dissecting the gray zone between follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma using morphological and genetic features. Haematologica 2013; 98:1921-9. [PMID: 23850804 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.085118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma is a poorly defined entity in the World Health Organization classification, based largely on criteria of exclusion and the diagnosis often remains subjective. Follicular lymphoma lacking t(14;18) has similar characteristics which results in a major potential diagnostic overlap which this study aims to dissect. Four subgroups of lymphoma samples (n=56) were analyzed with high-resolution array comparative genome hybridization: nodal marginal zone lymphoma, t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma, localized t(14:18)-positive follicular lymphoma and disseminated t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma. Gains on chromosomes 7, 8 and 12 were observed in all subgroups. The mean number of aberrations was higher in disseminated t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma than in localized t(14:18)-positive follicular lymphoma (P<0.01) and the majority of alterations in localized t(14:18)-positive follicular lymphoma were also found in disseminated t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma. Nodal marginal zone lymphoma was marked by 3q gains with amplifications of four genes. A different overall pattern of aberrations was seen in t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma compared to t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma. t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma is characterized by specific (focal) gains on chromosome 3, as observed in nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Our results support the notion that localized t(14:18)-positive follicular lymphoma represents an early phase of disseminated t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma. t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma bears aberrations that are more like those in nodal marginal zone lymphoma, suggesting a relation between these groups.
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22
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Wen J, Lopes F, Soares G, Farrell SA, Nelson C, Qiao Y, Martell S, Badukke C, Bessa C, Ylstra B, Lewis S, Isoherranen N, Maciel P, Rajcan-Separovic E. Phenotypic and functional consequences of haploinsufficiency of genes from exocyst and retinoic acid pathway due to a recurrent microdeletion of 2p13.2. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:100. [PMID: 23837398 PMCID: PMC3710273 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare, recurrent genomic imbalances facilitate the association of genotype with abnormalities at the "whole body" level. However, at the cellular level, the functional consequences of recurrent genomic abnormalities and how they can be linked to the phenotype are much less investigated. METHOD AND RESULTS We report an example of a functional analysis of two genes from a new, overlapping microdeletion of 2p13.2 region (from 72,140,702-72,924,626). The subjects shared intellectual disability (ID), language delay, hyperactivity, facial asymmetry, ear malformations, and vertebral and/or craniofacial abnormalities. The overlapping region included two genes, EXOC6B and CYP26B1, which are involved in exocytosis/Notch signaling and retinoic acid (RA) metabolism, respectively, and are of critical importance for early morphogenesis, symmetry as well as craniofacial, skeleton and brain development. The abnormal function of EXOC6B was documented in patient lymphoblasts by its reduced expression and with perturbed expression of Notch signaling pathway genes HES1 and RBPJ, previously noted to be the consequence of EXOC6B dysfunction in animal and cell line models. Similarly, the function of CYP26B1 was affected by the deletion since the retinoic acid induced expression of this gene in patient lymphoblasts was significantly lower compared to controls (8% of controls). CONCLUSION Haploinsufficiency of CYP26B1 and EXOC6B genes involved in retinoic acid and exocyst/Notch signaling pathways, respectively, has not been reported previously in humans. The developmental anomalies and phenotypic features of our subjects are in keeping with the dysfunction of these genes, considering their known role. Documenting their dysfunction at the cellular level in patient cells enhanced our understanding of biological processes which contribute to the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wen
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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DNA copy number profiling reveals extensive genomic loss in hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 ovarian carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1732-42. [PMID: 23558894 PMCID: PMC3668473 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have attempted to characterise genomic changes occurring in hereditary epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs) and inconsistent results have been obtained. Given the relevance of DNA copy number alterations in ovarian oncogenesis and growing clinical implications of the BRCA-gene status, we aimed to characterise the genomic profiles of hereditary and sporadic ovarian tumours. Methods: High-resolution array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation profiling of 53 familial (21 BRCA1, 6 BRCA2 and 26 non-BRCA1/2) and 15 sporadic tumours in combination with supervised and unsupervised analysis was used to define common and/or specific copy number features. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering did not stratify tumours according to their familial or sporadic condition or to their BRCA1/2 mutation status. Common recurrent changes, spanning genes potentially fundamental for ovarian carcinogenesis, regardless of BRCA mutations, and several candidate subtype-specific events were defined. Despite similarities, greater contribution of losses was revealed to be a hallmark of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumours. Conclusion: Somatic alterations occurring in the development of familial EOCs do not differ substantially from the ones occurring in sporadic carcinomas. However, some specific features like extensive genomic loss observed in BRCA1/2 tumours may be of clinical relevance helping to identify BRCA-related patients likely to respond to PARP inhibitors.
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McDonnell SK, Riska SM, Klee EW, Thorland EC, Kay NE, Thibodeau SN, Parker AS, Eckel-Passow JE. Experimental designs for array comparative genomic hybridization technology. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 139:250-7. [PMID: 23548696 DOI: 10.1159/000348815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) technology is commonly used to estimate genome-wide copy-number variation and to evaluate associations between copy number and disease. Although aCGH technology is well developed and there are numerous algorithms available for estimating copy number, little attention has been paid to the important issue of the statistical experimental design. Herein, we review classical statistical experimental designs and discuss their relevance to aCGH technology as well as their importance for downstream statistical analyses. Furthermore, we provide experimental design guidance for various study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA
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25
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Localization of centromeric breaks in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:622-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Krijgsman O, Israeli D, van Essen HF, Eijk PP, Berens MLM, Mellink CHM, Nieuwint AW, Weiss MM, Steenbergen RDM, Meijer GA, Ylstra B. Detection limits of DNA copy number alterations in heterogeneous cell populations. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 36:27-36. [PMID: 23117839 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) is a widely used technique to assess chromosomal copy number alterations. Chromosomal content, however, is often not uniform throughout cell populations. Here we evaluated to what extent aCGH can detect DNA copy number alterations in heterogeneous cell populations. A systematic evaluation is currently lacking, despite its importance in diagnostics and research. The detection limits reported are a compound of analytical software and laboratory techniques and do not account for the number of probes in relation to sample homogeneity. METHODS Detection limits were explored with DNA isolated from a patient with intellectual disability (ID) and from tumor cell line BT474. Both were diluted with increasing amounts of normal DNA to simulate different levels of cellularity. Samples were hybridized on microarrays containing 180,880 oligonucleotides evenly distributed over the genome (spacing ~17 kb). RESULTS Single copy number alterations, represented by down to 249 probes (4 Mb) and present in 10 % of a cell population, could be detected. Alterations encompassing as few as 14 probes (~238 Kb) could also be detected, but for this a 35 % mosaic level was required. CONCLUSIONS DNA copy number alterations can be detected in cell populations containing 10 % abnormal cells. Detection of sub-megabase alterations requires a higher percentage of abnormal cells or microarrays with a higher probe density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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García-Inclán C, López F, Pérez-Escuredo J, Cuesta-Albalad MP, Vivanco B, Centeno I, Balbín M, Suárez C, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. EGFR status and KRAS/BRAF mutations in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:443-50. [PMID: 23055340 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumour that is etiologically related to professional exposure to wood dust and exhibits a poor prognosis. Treatment alternatives to surgery and radiotherapy are needed and may be found in anti-EGFR agents. EGFR gene copy number gains and KRAS/BRAF mutations have been reported to act as positive and negative predictors, respectively, of therapeutic response to EGFR targeted therapies in colorectal adenocarcinoma, a tumour type claimed to be genetically similar to ITAC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and consequence of EGFR alterations and KRAS and BRAF mutations in a large series of ITAC. METHODS EGFR protein expression was studied in 98 paraffin embedded tissue samples, organized in a tissue microarray. Gene copy number analysis was performed by FISH using the same tissue microarray, complemented by microarray CGH and MLPA analysis on DNA extracted from 65 fresh frozen tissues. Mutations in EGFR, KRAS and BRAF were analysed by direct sequencing on 65 fresh frozen tissues. RESULTS EGFR gene copy number gains were observed in 45 %, and protein over-expression in 21 % of the cases. No mutations were found in EGFR or BRAF, while KRAS mutations were present in 12 % of the cases. Neither protein overexpression nor gene copy number gain correlated to histological subtype, tumour stage or clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION In the largest series of ITAC published to date, and using a number of different techniques, EGFR alterations were frequently observed. Although apparently not useful as a prognostic factor, there may be a basis for investigating EGFR targeted therapies in this group of patients, especially because negative response predictors such as KRAS and BRAF mutations are infrequent or absent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Inclán
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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28
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Bierkens M, Krijgsman O, Wilting SM, Bosch L, Jaspers A, Meijer GA, Meijer CJLM, Snijders PJF, Ylstra B, Steenbergen RDM. Focal aberrations indicate EYA2 and hsa-miR-375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:56-68. [PMID: 22987659 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer results from persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Common genetic aberrations in cervical (pre)cancers encompass large genomic regions with numerous genes, hampering identification of driver genes. This study aimed to identify genes functionally involved in HPV-mediated transformation by analysis of focal aberrations (<3 Mb) in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (hgCIN). Focal chromosomal aberrations were determined in high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization data of 60 hgCIN. Genes located within focal aberrations were validated using 2 external gene expression datasets or qRT-PCR. Functional roles of candidate genes EYA2 (20q13) and hsa-miR-375 (2q35) were studied by siRNA-mediated knock-down and overexpression, respectively, in hrHPV-containing cell lines. We identified 74 focal aberrations encoding 305 genes. Concurrent altered expression in hgCIN and/or cervical carcinomas compared with normal cervical samples was shown for ATP13A3, HES1, OPA1, HRASLS, EYA2, ZMYND8, APOBEC2, and NCR2. Gene silencing of EYA2 significantly reduced viability, migratory capacity, and anchorage-independent growth of HPV16-transformed keratinocytes. For hsa-miR-375, a direct correlation between a (focal) loss and significantly reduced expression was found. Downregulation of hsa-miR-375 expression was confirmed in an independent series of cervical tissues. Ectopic expression of hsa-miR-375 in 2 cervical carcinoma cell lines reduced cellular viability. Our data provide a proof of concept that chromosomal aberrations are actively contributing to HPV-induced carcinogenesis and identify EYA2 and hsa-miR-375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor gene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Bierkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Antunes H, Gonçalves JP, Silva E, Teles N. A novel de novo deletion of chromosome 7 [46,XX,del(7)(p14.2 p15.1)] in a child with feeding problems. Gene 2012; 503:152-4. [PMID: 22565194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and severity of symptoms associated with deletions on chromosome 7 are directly proportional to the size of the deleted segment. Distal and interstitial deletions have been described in 40 cases. In this report the authors aim to report a child with a novel de novo interstitial deletion on chromosome 7, with the following karyotype: 46,XX,del(7)(p14.2 p15.1). We described a female, born at 38 weeks with intrauterine growth restriction and feeding problems with episodes of cyanosis after feedings and failure to thrive. Physical examination showed low implantation of ears, hypertelorism, oblique palpebral fissures, retrognathia, and palate ogived, with insertion anomalies of the toes, poor facial expression and mild axial hypotonia. Transfontanelar ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, bronchofibroscopy and metabolic studies were normal. She was hospitalized until the 32nd day of life. She started speech therapy and presented improvements in swallowing. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was removed at 36 months. She had recurrent urinary tract infection with normal dimercaptosuccinic acid but with a vesicoureteral reflux (grade III). Imagiological studies revealed a bilateral osteonecrosis of femoral epiphysis (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease). Currently (6years-old), she is being normally fed (body mass index=15.8kg/m(2)). Her weight is 16.4kg (3rd centile) and length is 105cm (3rd to 5th centiles). She has a mild delay of psychomotor development impairment and some speech problems. This is the first case report of a patient with this de novo small interstitial deletion on chromosome 7. This rare chromosomal abnormality was associated with severe feeding problems in the first years of life.
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30
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Voorham QJ, Carvalho B, Spiertz AJ, van Grieken NC, Mongera S, Rondagh EJ, van de Wiel MA, Jordanova ES, Ylstra B, Kliment M, Grabsch H, Rembacken BJ, Arai T, de Bruïne AP, Sanduleanu S, Quirke P, Mulder CJ, van Engeland M, Meijer GA. Chromosome 5q Loss in Colorectal Flat Adenomas. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4560-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Hypomethylation of LINE-1, and not centromeric SAT-α, is associated with centromeric instability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:259-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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32
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Zaal A, Peyrot WJ, Berns PMJJ, van der Burg MEL, Veerbeek JHW, Trimbos JB, Cadron I, van Diest PJ, van Wieringen WN, Krijgsman O, Meijer GA, Piek JMJ, Timmers PJ, Vergote I, Verheijen RHM, Ylstra B, Zweemer RP. Genomic aberrations relate early and advanced stage ovarian cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:181-8. [PMID: 22581446 PMCID: PMC3396335 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the distinct clinical presentation of early and advanced stage ovarian cancer, we aim to clarify whether these disease entities are solely separated by time of diagnosis or whether they arise from distinct molecular events. Methods Sixteen early and sixteen advanced stage ovarian carcinomas, matched for histological subtype and differentiation grade, were included. Genomic aberrations were compared for each early and advanced stage ovarian cancer by array comparative genomic hybridization. To study how the aberrations correlate to the clinical characteristics of the tumors we clustered tumors based on the genomic aberrations. Results The genomic aberration patterns in advanced stage cancer equalled those in early stage, but were more frequent in advanced stage (p = 0.012). Unsupervised clustering based on genomic aberrations yielded two clusters that significantly discriminated early from advanced stage (p = 0.001), and that did differ significantly in survival (p = 0.002). These clusters however did give a more accurate prognosis than histological subtype or differentiation grade. Conclusion This study indicates that advanced stage ovarian cancer either progresses from early stage or from a common precursor lesion but that they do not arise from distinct carcinogenic molecular events. Furthermore, we show that array comparative genomic hybridization has the potential to identify clinically distinct patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13402-012-0077-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra Zaal
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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van Essen HF, Ylstra B. High-resolution copy number profiling by array CGH using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 838:329-341. [PMID: 22228020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-507-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe protocols to acquire high-quality DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for the use in array comparative genome hybridization (CGH). Formalin fixation combined with paraffin embedding is routine procedure for solid malignancies in the diagnostic practice of the pathologist. As a consequence, large archives of FFPE tissues are available in pathology institutes across the globe. This archival material is for many research questions an invaluable resource, with long-term clinical follow-up and survival data available. FFPE is, thus, highly attractive for large genomics studies, including experiments requiring samples for test/learning and validation. Most larger array CGH studies have, therefore, made use of FFPE material and show that CNAs have tumor- and tissue-specific traits (Chin et al. Cancer Cell 10: 529-541, 2006; Fridlyand et al. BMC Cancer 6: 96, 2006; Weiss et al. Oncogene 22: 1872-1879, 2003; Jong et al. Oncogene 26: 1499-1506, 2007). The protocols described are tailored to array CGH of FFPE solid malignancies: from sectioning FFPE blocks to specific cynosures for pathological revisions of sections, DNA isolation, quality testing, and amplification. The protocols are technical in character and elaborate up to the labeling of isolated DNA while further processes and interpretation and data analysis are beyond the scope.
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34
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Krijgsman O, Israeli D, Haan JC, van Essen HF, Smeets SJ, Eijk PP, Steenbergen RDM, Kok K, Tejpar S, Meijer GA, Ylstra B. CGH arrays compared for DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:344-52. [PMID: 22162309 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tissue is an important source of DNA material. The most commonly used technique to identify copy number aberrations from chromosomal DNA in tumorigenesis is array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Although copy number analysis using DNA from FFPE archival tissue is challenging, several research groups have reported high quality and reproducible DNA copy number results using aCGH. Aim of this study is to compare the commercially available aCGH platforms suitable for high-resolution copy number analysis using FFPE-derived DNA. Two dual channel aCGH platforms (Agilent and NimbleGen) and a single channel SNP-based platform (Affymetrix) were evaluated using seven FFPE colon cancer samples, and median absolute deviation (MAD), deflection, signal-to-noise ratio, and DNA input requirements were used as quality criteria. Large differences were observed between platforms; Agilent and NimbleGen showed better MAD values (0.13 for both) compared with Affymetrix (0.22). On the contrary, Affymetrix showed a better deflection of 0.94, followed by 0.71 for Agilent and 0.51 for NimbleGen. This resulted in signal-to-nose ratios that were comparable between the three commercially available platforms. Interestingly, DNA input amounts from FFPE material lower than recommended still yielded high quality profiles on all platforms. Copy number analysis using DNA derived from FFPE archival material is feasible using all three high-resolution copy number platforms and shows reproducible results, also with DNA input amounts lower than recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Boerdonk RAA, Sutedja TG, Snijders PJF, Reinen E, Wilting SM, van de Wiel MA, Thunnissen FEBJM, Duin S, Kooi C, Ylstra B, Meijer CJLM, Meijer GA, Grünberg K, Daniels JMA, Postmus PE, Smit EF, Heideman DAM. DNA copy number alterations in endobronchial squamous metaplastic lesions predict lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:948-56. [PMID: 21799074 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0218oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is a valid strategy for detecting premalignant endobronchial lesions. However, no biomarker can reliably predict lung cancer risk of subjects with AFB-visualized premalignant lesions. OBJECTIVES The present study set out to identify AFB-visualized squamous metaplastic (SqM) lesions with malignant potential by DNA copy number profiling. METHODS Regular AFB examinations in 474 subjects at risk of lung cancer identified six subjects with SqM lesions at baseline, and carcinoma in situ or carcinoma (carcinoma in situ or greater) at the initial SqM site at follow-up bronchoscopy. These progressive SqM lesions were compared for immunostaining pattern and array comparative genomic hybridization-based chromosomal profiles with 23 SqM lesions of subjects who remained cancer-free. Specific DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) linked to cancer risk were identified and accuracy of CNAs to predict endobronchial cancer in this series was determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At baseline, p53, p63, and Ki-67 immunostaining were not predictive for a differential clinical outcome of SqM lesions. The mean number of CNAs in baseline SqM of cases was significantly higher compared with control subjects (P < 0.01). Chromosomal regions significantly more frequently altered in SqM of cases were 3p26.3-p11.1, 3q26.2-q29, 9p13.3-p13.2, and 17p13.3-p11.2 (family-wise error rate <0.10). CNAs were specifically detected at the site of future cancer. In cases, baseline-detected CNAs persisted in subsequent biopsies taken from the initial site, and levels increased toward cancer progression. In this series, a model based on CNAs at 3p26.3-p11.1, 3q26.2-29, and 6p25.3-24.3 predicted cancer with 97% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the presence of specific CNAs in SqM lesions predict endobronchial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A A van Boerdonk
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brosens RPM, Belt EJTH, Haan JC, Buffart TE, Carvalho B, Grabsch H, Quirke P, Cuesta MA, Engel AF, Ylstra B, Meijer GA. Deletion of chromosome 4q predicts outcome in stage II colon cancer patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:215-23. [PMID: 21717218 PMCID: PMC3149118 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 30% of all stage II colon cancer patients will relapse and die of their disease. At present no objective parameters to identify high-risk stage II colon cancer patients, who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, have been established. With traditional histopathological features definition of high-risk stage II colon cancer patients is inaccurate. Therefore more objective and robust markers for prediction of relapse are needed. DNA copy number aberrations have proven to be robust prognostic markers, but have not yet been investigated for this specific group of patients. The aim of the present study was to identify chromosomal aberrations that can predict relapse of tumor in patients with stage II colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was isolated from 40 formaldehyde fixed paraffin embedded stage II colon cancer samples with extensive clinicopathological data. Samples were hybridized using Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) arrays to determine DNA copy number changes and microsatellite stability was determined by PCR. To analyze differences between stage II colon cancer patients with and without relapse of tumor a Wilcoxon rank-sum test was implemented with multiple testing correction. RESULTS Stage II colon cancers of patients who had relapse of disease showed significantly more losses on chromosomes 4, 5, 15q, 17q and 18q. In the microsatellite stable (MSS) subgroup (n = 28), only loss of chromosome 4q22.1-4q35.2 was significantly associated with disease relapse (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.15). No differences in clinicopathological characteristics between patients with and without relapse were observed. CONCLUSION In the present series of MSS stage II colon cancer patients losses on 4q22.1-4q35.2 were associated with worse outcome and these genomic alterations may aid in selecting patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. M. Brosens
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E. J. T. H. Belt
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. C. Haan
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. E. Buffart
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Grabsch
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P. Quirke
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M. A. Cuesta
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A. F. Engel
- Department of Surgery, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, the Netherlands
| | - B. Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. A. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Genetic profile of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) with high-grade transformation versus solid type. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:369-79. [PMID: 21541734 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACC can occasionally undergo dedifferentiation also referred to as high-grade transformation (ACC-HGT). However, ACC-HGT can also undergo transformation to adenocarcinomas which are not poorly differentiated. ACC-HGT is generally considered to be an aggressive variant of ACC, even more than solid ACC. This study was aimed to describe the genetic changes of ACC-HGT in relation to clinico-pathological features, and to compare results to solid ACC. METHODS Genome wide DNA copy number changes were analyzed by microarray CGH in ACC-HGT, four with transformation into moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) and two into poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC), and five solid ACC. In addition, Ki67 index and p53 immunopositivity was assessed. RESULTS ACC-HGT carried fewer copy number changes compared to solid ACC. Two ACC-HGT cases harboured a breakpoint at 6q23, near the cMYB oncogene. The complexity of the genomic profile concurred with the clinical course of the patient. Among the ACC-HGT, p53 positivity significantly increased from the conventional to the transformed (both MDA and PDC) component. CONCLUSION ACC-HGT may not necessarily reflect a more advanced stage of tumor progression, but rather a transformation to another histological form in which the poorly differentiated forms (PDC) presents a genetic complexity similar to the solid ACC.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a molecular genetic cause in patients with a clinical diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type I/IV. METHODS The authors performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis of the COL1A1 gene in a group of 106 index patients. RESULTS In four families with mild osteogenesis imperfecta and no other phenotypic abnormalities, a deletion of the complete COL1A1 gene on one allele was detected, a molecular finding that to our knowledge has not been described before, apart from a larger chromosomal deletion detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization encompassing the COL1A1 gene in a patient with mild osteogenesis imperfecta and other phenotypic abnormalities. Microarray analysis in three of the four families showed that it did not concern a founder mutation. CONCLUSION The clinical picture of complete COL1A1 allele deletions is a comparatively mild type of osteogenesis imperfecta. As such, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis of the COL1A1 gene is a useful additional approach to defining the mutation in cases of suspected osteogenesis imperfecta type I with no detectable mutation.
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Pérez-Escuredo J, García Martínez J, García-Inclán C, Vivanco B, Costales M, Álvarez Marcos C, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Establishment and genetic characterization of an immortal tumor cell line derived from intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:23-31. [PMID: 21360264 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-010-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumor etiologically related to professional exposure to wood dust. The overall prognosis is poor, mainly due to the difficulty to resect the tumor completely in this anatomically complex region. Therefore, there is great need for alternative treatments. However, the lack of a good tumor model system for ITAC has hampered the development and testing of new therapeutic agents. Here, we report the establishment and characterization of the first human ITAC cell line named ITAC-3. METHODS The cell line was initiated from small explants of a T4bN0M0 colonic type ITAC from the ethmoid sinus. Growth and invasion parameters as well as genetic characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS The population doubling time was 18 h and the cell line was capable of invasion in matrigel. Chromosomal analysis showed a tetraploid karyotype with both numerical and structural aberrations. High resolution microarray CGH analysis identified many copy number alterations, including homozygous deletions. TP53 carried a mutation c.818G>T in exon eight concurring with a strong nuclear protein overexpression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed protein overexpression of EGFR and normal expression of β-catenin and p16. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the establishment of a cell line derived from a primary ITAC. The genomic profile of the cell line was the same as the primary tumor from which it was derived. This new cell line will be a useful tool for the development and testing of new therapeutic agents for this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Brosens RPM, Haan JC, Carvalho B, Rustenburg F, Grabsch H, Quirke P, Engel AF, Cuesta MA, Maughan N, Flens M, Meijer GA, Ylstra B. Candidate driver genes in focal chromosomal aberrations of stage II colon cancer. J Pathol 2010; 221:411-24. [PMID: 20593488 DOI: 10.1002/path.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instable colorectal cancer is marked by specific large chromosomal copy number aberrations. Recently, focal aberrations of 3 Mb or smaller have been identified as a common phenomenon in cancer. Inherent to their limited size, these aberrations harbour one or few genes. The aim of this study was to identify recurrent focal chromosomal aberrations and their candidate driver genes in a well-defined series of stage II colon cancers and assess their potential clinical relevance. High-resolution DNA copy number profiles were obtained from 38 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colon cancer samples with matched normal mucosa as a reference using array comparative genomic hybridization. In total, 81 focal chromosomal aberrations were identified that harboured 177 genes. Statistical validation of focal aberrations and identification of candidate driver genes were performed by enrichment analysis and mapping copy number and mutation data of colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer and glioblastomas to loci of focal aberrations in stage II colon cancer. This analysis demonstrated a significant overlap with previously identified focal amplifications in colorectal cancer, but not with cancers from other sites. In contrast, focal deletions seemed less tumour type-specific since they also showed significant overlap with focal deletions of other sites. Focal deletions detected were significantly enriched for cancer genes and genes frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. The mRNA expression of these genes was significantly correlated with DNA copy number status, supporting the relevance of focal aberrations. Loss of 5q34 and gain of 13q22.1 were identified as independent prognostic factors of survival in this series of patients. In conclusion, focal chromosomal copy number aberrations in stage II colon cancer are enriched in cancer genes that contribute to and drive the process of colorectal cancer development. DNA copy number status of these genes correlates with mRNA expression and some are associated with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P M Brosens
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Tack GJ, Verbeek WH, van de Water JM, von Blomberg BME, Bhola SL, Ylstra B, Mulder CJ, Schreurs MW. Phenotypic and genomic analysis of an exceptional case of enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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van den Berg L, de Waal HDV, Han JC, Ylstra B, Eijk P, Nesterova M, Heutink P, Stratakis CA. Investigation of a patient with a partial trisomy 16q including the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO): fine mapping and FTO gene expression study. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:630-7. [PMID: 20186806 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A female patient with a partial trisomy 16q was described previously. Her clinical characteristics included obesity, severe anisomastia, moderate to severe mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dysmorphic facies, and contractions of the small joints. In this article, we describe a more detailed analysis of the genetic anomaly in this patient. We were particularly interested in the involvement of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in her duplication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in FTO have been associated with obesity. The breakpoints of the duplication were precisely mapped using high-resolution oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). We found that the duplication spans 11.45 Mb on 16q11.2 to 16q13 and it includes FTO. The increased copy number of FTO was confirmed with a qPCR on genomic DNA of the patient. We investigated the influence of the increased FTO copy number on FTO gene expression in immortalized lymphocytes from the patient using qPCR. No evidence of increased FTO expression was detected in the patient's lymphocytes. We discuss these findings and we review clinical findings in patients with overlapping 16q duplications to determine the relationship between increased FTO copy number and obesity. Our review suggests that duplication of the FTO gene does not necessarily result in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Temmink OH, Bijnsdorp IV, Prins HJ, Losekoot N, Adema AD, Smid K, Honeywell RJ, Ylstra B, Eijk PP, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Trifluorothymidine resistance is associated with decreased thymidine kinase and equilibrative nucleoside transporter expression or increased secretory phospholipase A2. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1047-57. [PMID: 20371715 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trifluorothymidine (TFT) is part of the novel oral formulation TAS-102, which is currently evaluated in phase II studies. Drug resistance is an important limitation of cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to induce resistance to TFT in H630 colon cancer cells using two different schedules and to analyze the resistance mechanism. Cells were exposed either continuously or intermittently to TFT, resulting in H630-cTFT and H630-4TFT, respectively. Cells were analyzed for cross-resistance, cell cycle, protein expression, and activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidine kinase (TK), thymidylate synthase (TS), equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT), gene expression (microarray), and genomic alterations. Both cell lines were cross-resistant to 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (>170-fold). Exposure to IC(75)-TFT increased the S/G(2)-M phase of H630 cells, whereas in the resistant variants, no change was observed. The two main target enzymes TS and TP remained unchanged in both TFT-resistant variants. In H630-4TFT cells, TK protein expression and activity were decreased, resulting in less activated TFT and was most likely the mechanism of TFT resistance. In H630-cTFT cells, hENT mRNA expression was decreased 2- to 3-fold, resulting in a 5- to 10-fold decreased TFT-nucleotide accumulation. Surprisingly, microarray-mRNA analysis revealed a strong increase of secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2; 47-fold), which was also found by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR; 211-fold). sPLA2 inhibition reversed TFT resistance partially. H630-cTFT had many chromosomal aberrations, but the exact role of sPLA2 in TFT resistance remains unclear. Altogether, resistance induction to TFT can lead to different mechanisms of resistance, including decreased TK protein expression and enzyme activity, decreased hENT expression, as well as (phospho)lipid metabolism. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1047-57. (c)2010 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf H Temmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bossers K, Ylstra B, Brakenhoff RH, Smeets SJ, Verhaagen J, van de Wiel MA. Intensity-based analysis of dual-color gene expression data as an alternative to ratio-based analysis to enhance reproducibility. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:112. [PMID: 20163706 PMCID: PMC2838842 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ratio-based analysis is the current standard for the analysis of dual-color microarray data. Indeed, this method provides a powerful means to account for potential technical variations such as differences in background signal, spot size and spot concentration. However, current high density dual-color array platforms are of very high quality, and inter-array variance has become much less pronounced. We therefore raised the question whether it is feasible to use an intensity-based analysis rather than ratio-based analysis of dual-color microarray datasets. Furthermore, we compared performance of both ratio- and intensity-based analyses in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity for differential gene expression. RESULTS By analyzing three distinct and technically replicated datasets with either ratio- or intensity-based models, we determined that, when applied to the same dataset, intensity-based analysis of dual-color gene expression experiments yields 1) more reproducible results, and 2) is more sensitive in the detection of differentially expressed genes. These effects were most pronounced in experiments with large biological variation and complex hybridization designs. Furthermore, a power analysis revealed that for direct two-group comparisons above a certain sample size, ratio-based models have higher power, although the difference with intensity-based models is very small. CONCLUSIONS Intensity-based analysis of dual-color datasets results in more reproducible results and increased sensitivity in the detection of differential gene expression than the analysis of the same dataset with ratio-based analysis. Complex dual-color setups such as interwoven loop designs benefit most from ignoring the array factor. The applicability of our approach to array platforms other than dual-color needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bossers
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Carpaij N, Fluit AC, Lindsay JA, Bonten MJ, Willems RJ. New methods to analyse microarray data that partially lack a reference signal. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:522. [PMID: 19912620 PMCID: PMC2779823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (CGH) has been used to assess genetic variability between bacterial strains. Crucial for interpretation of microarray data is the availability of a reference to compare signal intensities to reliably determine presence or divergence each DNA fragment. However, the production of a good reference becomes unfeasible when microarrays are based on pan-genomes. When only a single strain is used as a reference for a multistrain array, the accessory gene pool will be partially represented by reference DNA, although these genes represent the genomic repertoire that can explain differences in virulence, pathogenicity or transmissibility between strains. The lack of a reference makes interpretation of the data for these genes difficult and, if the test signal is low, they are often deleted from the analysis. We aimed to develop novel methods to determine the presence or divergence of genes in a Staphylococcus aureus multistrain PCR product microarray-based CGH approach for which reference DNA was not available for some probes. Results In this study we have developed 6 new methods to predict divergence and presence of all genes spotted on a multistrain Staphylococcus aureus DNA microarray, published previously, including those gene spots that lack reference signals. When considering specificity and PPV (i.e. the false-positive rate) as the most important criteria for evaluating these methods, the method that defined gene presence based on a signal at least twice as high as the background and higher than the reference signal (method 4) had the best test characteristics. For this method specificity was 100% and 82% for MRSA252 (compared to the GACK method) and all spots (compared to sequence data), respectively, and PPV were 100% and 76% for MRSA252 (compared to the GACK method) and all spots (compared to sequence data), respectively. Conclusion A definition of gene presence based on signal at least twice as high as the background and higher than the reference signal (method 4) had the best test characteristics, allowing the analysis of 6-17% more of the genes not present in the reference strain. This method is recommended to analyse microarray data that partially lack a reference signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje Carpaij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Room G04, 614 PO BOX 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Costa JL, Eijk PP, van de Wiel MA, ten Berge D, Schmitt F, Narvaez CJ, Welsh J, Ylstra B. Anti-proliferative action of vitamin D in MCF7 is still active after siRNA-VDR knock-down. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:499. [PMID: 19863778 PMCID: PMC2778664 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active form of Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), has strong anti-proliferative effects, yet the molecular mechanisms underneath this effect remain unclear. In contrast, the molecular mechanism of 1,25D for the regulation of calcium homeostasis has principally been resolved, demonstrating a pivotal role for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Results We first addressed the question whether the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25D are influenced by VDR. Knockdown of VDR by siRNA did not affect the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25D in MCF7 breast cancer cells. This unanticipated finding led us to take an alternative approach using genome wide screens to study the molecular mechanisms of 1,25D in proliferation. For that purpose, four independently developed and stable 1,25D resistant MCF7 cell lines were analyzed. Array CGH identified a copy number alteration in a region of 13.5 Mb at chromosome 11q13.4-14.1 common to all four 1,25D resistant cell lines. Expression arrays revealed that no single gene was differentially expressed between the sensitive and resistant cells, but multiple membrane receptor signaling pathways were altered in the 1,25D resistant cell lines. Importantly, in the genome wide experiments neither VDR, CYP24A1 nor other known vitamin D signaling pathway genes were associated with 1,25D resistance. Conclusion In conclusion, siRNA and genome wide studies both suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25D in MCF7 breast tumor cell lines do not rely on classical Vitamin D pathway per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Costa
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Buffart TE, Tijssen M, El-Bchiri J, Duval A, van de Wiel MA, Ylstra B, Meijer GA, Carvalho B. NMD inhibition fails to identify tumour suppressor genes in microsatellite stable gastric cancer cell lines. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:39. [PMID: 19563644 PMCID: PMC2709900 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancers frequently show chromosomal alterations which can cause activation of oncogenes, and/or inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In gastric cancer several chromosomal regions are described to be frequently lost, but for most of the regions, no tumour suppressor genes have been identified yet. The present study aimed to identify tumour suppressor genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion in gastric cancer by means of GINI (gene identification by nonsense mediated decay inhibition) and whole genome copy number analysis. Methods Two non-commercial gastric cancer cell lines, GP202 and IPA220, were transfected with siRNA directed against UPF1, to specifically inhibit the nonsense mediated decay (NMD) pathway, and with siRNA directed against non-specific siRNA duplexes (CVII) as a control. Microarray expression experiments were performed in triplicate on 4 × 44 K Agilent arrays by hybridizing RNA from UPF1-transfected cells against non-specific CVII-transfected cells. In addition, array CGH of the two cell lines was performed on 4 × 44K agilent arrays to obtain the DNA copy number profiles. Mutation analysis of GINI candidates was performed by sequencing. Results UPF1 expression was reduced for >70% and >80% in the GP202 and IPA220 gastric cancer cell lines, respectively. Integration of array CGH and microarray expression data provided a list of 134 and 50 candidate genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion for GP202 and IPA220, respectively. We selected 12 candidate genes for mutation analysis. Of these, sequence analysis was performed on 11 genes. One gene, PLA2G4A, showed a silent mutation, and in two genes, CTSA and PTPRJ, missense mutations were detected. No nonsense mutations were detected in any of the 11 genes tested. Conclusion Although UPF1 was substantially repressed, thus resulting in the inhibition of the NMD system, we did not find genes inactivated by nonsense mutations. Our results show that the GINI strategy leads to a high number of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke E Buffart
- Dept Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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