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Wada Y, Nishi M, Yoshikawa K, Takasu C, Tokunaga T, Nakao T, Kashihara H, Yoshimoto T, Shimada M. Circulating Exosomal MicroRNA Signature Predicts Peritoneal Metastasis in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:5997-6006. [PMID: 38951411 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a radical operation, about half of gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced GC experience peritoneal metastasis (PM), and the patients with PM have a poor prognosis. However, because staging laparoscopy was a highly invasive procedure for patients, identification of PM using a liquid biopsy can be useful for patients with GC. METHODS This study analyzed two genome-wide miRNA expression profiling datasets (GSE164174 and TCGA). The study prioritized biomarkers in pretreatment plasma specimens from clinical training and validation cohorts of patients with GC. The authors developed an integrated exosomal miRNA panel and established a risk-stratification model, which was combined with the miRNA panel and currently used tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA72-4 levels). RESULTS The comprehensive discovery effort identified a four-miRNA panel that robustly predicted the metastasis with excellent accuracy in the TCGA dataset (area under the curve [AUC] 0.86). A circulating exosomal miRNA panel was established successfully with remarkable diagnostic accuracy in the clinical training (AUC 0.85) and validation (AUC 0.86) cohorts. Moreover, the predictive accuracy of the panel was significantly superior to that of conventional clinical factors (P < 0.01), and the risk-stratification model was dramatically superior to the panel and currently used clinical factors for predicting PM (AUC 0.94; univariate: odds ratio [OR] 77.00 [P < 0.01]; multivariate OR 57.71 [P = 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS The novel risk-stratification model for predicting PM has potential for clinical translation as a liquid biopsy assay for patients with GC. The study findings highlight the potential clinical impact of the model for improved selection and management of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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2
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Khalilian S, Hosseini Imani SZ, Abedinlou H, Omrani MA, Ghafouri-Fard S. miR-196a in the carcinogenesis and other disorders with an especial focus on its biomarker capacity. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155433. [PMID: 38959626 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
miR-196a has important roles in the pathoetiology of different disorders ranging from non-malignant to malignant ones. This miRNA is transcribed from two genomic loci, namely HOXC and HOXB on human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively. The current study aims to summarize the role of miR-196a in different disorders. In the most conducted studies in the framework of cancer, miR-196a has been identified as an oncogene. However, few studies are not conformed to this concept. In head and neck, lung, oral and pancreatic cancers, miR-196a is a possible diagnostic marker. In addition, it has a possible role in the pathoetiology of diabetic nephropathy, Huntington's disease, idiopathic male infertility, keloid, chronic kidney disease and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; and is regarded as a biomarker for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. We aim to recapitulate the role of miR-196a in different malignant and non-malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Khalilian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Imani
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Abedinlou
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Omrani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Mirzajani E, Vahidi S, Norollahi SE, Samadani AA. Novel biomarkers of microRNAs in gastric cancer; an overview from diagnosis to treatment. Microrna 2022; 11:12-24. [PMID: 35319404 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220322160242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fourth frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death is gastric cancer (GC). In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed. These biomarkers will allow for the accurate prediction of therapy response and prognosis in GC patients, as well as the development of an optimal treatment strategy for each individual. Conspicoiusly, microRNAs (miRNAs) and small noncoding RNA regulates the expression of target mRNA and thereby modifies critical biological mechanisms. According to the data, abnormally miRNAs expression in GC is linked to tumor growth, carcinogenesis, aggression and distant metastasis. Importantly, miRNA expression patterns and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can also be applied to analyze kinds of tissues and cancers. Given the high death rates and poor prognosis of GC, and the absence of a clinical diagnostic factor that is adequately sensitive to GC, research into novel sensitive and specific markers for GC diagnosis is critical. In this review,we evaluate the latest research findings that suggest the feasibility and clinical utility of miRNAs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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4
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Cui J, Yuan Y, Shanmugam MK, Anbalagan D, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Lim LHK. MicroRNA-196a promotes renal cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting BRAM1 to regulate SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4254-4270. [PMID: 34803496 PMCID: PMC8579441 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ~22nt RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. Their function in renal cancer has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that miR-196a can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors depending on their target genes. However, the molecular target for miR-196a and the underlying mechanism in miR-196a promoted cell migration and invasion in renal cancer is still not clear. Methods: The expression, survival and correlation between miR-196a and BRAM1 were investigated using TCGA analysis and validated by RT-PCR and western blot. To visualize the effect of Bram1 on tumor metastasis in vivo, NOD-SCID gamma (NSG) mice were intravenously injected with RCC4 cells (106 cells/mouse) or RCC4 overexpressing Bram1. In addition, cell proliferation assays, migration and invasion assays were performed to examine the role of miR-196a in renal cells in vitro. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation was done to explore the binding targets of Bram1. Results: TCGA gene expression data from renal clear cell carcinoma patients showed a lower level of Bram1 expression in patients' specimens compared to adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, Kaplan‑Meier survival data clearly show that high expression of Bram1correlates to poor prognosis in renal carcinoma patients. Our mouse metastasis model confirmed that Bram1 overexpression resulted in an inhibition in tumor metastasis. Target-prediction analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Bram1 is a direct target of miR-196a in renal cells. Further, our in vitro functional assays revealed that miR-196a promotes renal cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue of Bram1 expression reversed miR-196a-induced cell migration. MiR-196a promotes renal cancer cell migration by directly targeting Bram1 and inhibits Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and MAPK pathways through BMPR1A and EGFR. Conclusions: Our findings thus provide a new mechanism on the oncogenic role of miR-196a and the tumor-suppressive role of Bram1 in renal cancer cells. Dysregulated miR-196a and Bram1 represent potential prognostic biomarkers and may have therapeutic applications in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Durkeshwari Anbalagan
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,NUS Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Circulating miRNAs Act as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer in Urine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084278. [PMID: 33924142 PMCID: PMC8074331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be secreted into body fluids and have thus been reported as a new type of cancer biomarker. This study aimed to determine whether urinary miRNAs act as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing bladder cancer. Small RNA profiles from urine were generated for 10 patients with bladder cancer and 10 healthy controls by using next-generation sequencing. We identified 50 urinary miRNAs that were differentially expressed in bladder cancer compared with controls, comprising 44 upregulated and six downregulated miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the biological role of these differentially expressed miRNAs might be involved in cancer-associated signaling pathways. Further analysis of the public database revealed that let-7b-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-423-5p were significantly increased in bladder cancer compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, high miR-149-5p and miR-193a-5p expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. The qRT-PCR approach revealed that the expression levels of let-7b-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-146a-5p and miR-423-5p were significantly increased in the urine of patients with bladder cancer compared with those of controls. Although our results indicated that urinary miRNAs are promising biomarkers for diagnosing bladder cancer, this must be validated in larger cohorts in the future.
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Abdi F, Taherian-Esfahani Z. Emerging circulating MiRNAs and LncRNAs in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1121-1138. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1842199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Zheng H, Bi FR, Yang Y, Hong YG, Ni JS, Ma L, Liu MH, Hao LQ, Zhou WP, Song LH, Yan HL. Downregulation of miR-196-5p Induced by Hypoxia Drives Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. HORMONES & CANCER 2019; 10:177-189. [PMID: 31713780 PMCID: PMC10355717 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the hypoxic tumor microenvironment can drive enhance tumor malignancy and recurrence. The microRNA (miRNA) miR-196-5p has been shown to modulate the progression of several cancer types, but its roles in HCC remain uncertain. In the present report we observed significant miR-196-5p downregulation in HCC tissues and cells, and we found that the expression of this miRNA significantly impaired the proliferation and metastatic potential of HCC in vitro and in vivo. We identified high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) as a miR-196-5p target gene that was associated with the ability of miR-196-5p to modulate the progression of HCC. Expression of miR-196-5p and HMGA2 were correlated with the clinical characteristics and poor outcomes in patients with HCC. Finally, we found that hypoxic conditions were linked with reduced miR-196-5p expression in the context of HCC. Together these results highlight the role for miR-196-5p as an inhibitor of the proliferation and metastasis of HCC via the targeting of HMGA2, with this novel hypoxia/miR-196-5p/HMGA2 pathway serving as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Signalling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Rui Bi
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Signalling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gang Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Ni
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Signalling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Liu
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Signalling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Hua Song
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Li Yan
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Bhat SA, Majid S, Rehman MU. Scenario and future prospects of microRNAs in gastric cancer: A review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:345-352. [PMID: 31168337 PMCID: PMC6535194 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32399.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the major prevalent and principal causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current advancement in technology has improved the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathology of gastric cancers (GC). But, high mortality rates, unfavorable prognosis and lack of clinical predictive biomarkers provide an impetus to investigate novel early diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GC, which are sufficiently sensitive to GC. Current biomedical investigations have explored several budding GC biomarker by utilizing serum proteins, natural oncogenic genes during improvement in molecular technologies as microarray, and RNA/DNA-Seq. Recently, small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming vital regulators in oncogenesis pathways and can act as handy clinical biomarkers. The newly introduced class of biomarkers is rising as new molecules for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. For better understanding of the gastric carcinogenesis, miRNAs may help to elucidate the mechanisms of tumor growth and can help to discover novel untimely potent markers for early detection of GC. Here in this review, we summarize the recent research studies supporting the utility of miRNAs as novel early diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapeutic targets. Thus, here we introduce potential future treatment strategies for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which indicate the practicality and clinical applications of miRNAs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir, India
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microRNA-196a attenuates ischemic brain injury in rats by directly targeting high mobility group A1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1579-1586. [PMID: 30783424 PMCID: PMC6364231 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the microRNA (miR) network has been indicated as a major regulator in neurological diseases. However, there is limited understanding regarding the functional significance of miRs in ischemic brain injury. In the present study, miR-196a expression was significantly increased in rat brains and neurons following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or oxygen-glucose deprivation, respectively. In addition, repression of miR-196a significantly decreased neuron cell apoptosis and the infarct size in rats subjected to MCAO (P<0.05). Furthermore, miR-196a was indicated to directly target and inhibit high mobility group A1 expression, which indicated a potential role for miR-196a in ischemic brain injury. These findings suggested that miR-196a may be involved in regulating neuronal cell death, thus offering a novel target for the development of therapeutic agents against ischemic brain injury.
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10
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Kashyap D, Tuli HS, Garg VK, Goel N, Bishayee A. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of MicroRNAs with Special Reference to Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:179-201. [PMID: 29388067 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the non-coding class of minute RNA molecules that negatively control post-transcriptional regulation of various functional genes. These miRNAs are transcribed from the loci present in the introns of functional or protein-coding genes, exons of non-coding genes, or even in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). They have potential to modulate the stability or translational efficiency of a variety of target RNA [messenger RNA (mRNA)]. The regulatory function of miRNAs has been elucidated in several pathological conditions, including neurological (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and cardiovascular conditions, along with cancer. Importantly, miRNA identification in cancer progression and invasion has evolved as an incipient era in cancer treatment. Several studies have shown the influence of miRNAs on various cancer processes, including apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In particular, apoptosis induction in tumor cells through miRNA has been extensively studied. The biphasic mode (up- and down-regulation) of miRNA expression in apoptosis and other cancer processes has already been determined. The findings of these studies could be utilized to develop potential therapeutic strategies for the management of various cancers. The present review critically describes the oncogenic and tumor suppressor role of miRNAs in apoptosis and other cancer processes, therapy resistance, and use of their presence in the body fluids as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Goel
- Department of Information Technology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
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11
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Belvedere R, Saggese P, Pessolano E, Memoli D, Bizzarro V, Rizzo F, Parente L, Weisz A, Petrella A. miR-196a Is Able to Restore the Aggressive Phenotype of Annexin A1 Knock-Out in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071967. [PMID: 29986379 PMCID: PMC6073506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a Ca2+-binding protein that is involved in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. It is able to mediate cytoskeletal organization maintaining a malignant phenotype. Our previous studies showed that ANXA1 Knock-Out (KO) MIA PaCa-2 cells partially lost their migratory and invasive capabilities and also the metastatization process appeared affected in vivo. Here, we investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profile in ANXA1 KO cells finding that the modification in miRNA expression suggests the significant involvement of ANXA1 in PC development. In this study, we focused on miR-196a which appeared down modulated in absence of ANXA1. This miRNA is a well known oncogenic factor in several tumour models and it is able to trigger the agents of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), like ANXA1. Our results show that the reintroduction in ANXA1 KO cells of miR-196a through the mimic sequence restored the early aggressive phenotype of MIA PaCa-2. Then, ANXA1 seems to support the expression of miR-196a and its role. On the other hand, this miRNA is able to mediate cytoskeletal dynamics and other protein functions promoting PC cell migration and invasion. This work describes the correlation between ANXA1 and specific miRNA sequences, particularly miR-196a. These results could lead to further information on ANXA1 intracellular role in PC, explaining other aspects that are apart from its tumorigenic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Pasquale Saggese
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Valentina Bizzarro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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13
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Dysregulation of Mir-196b in Head and Neck Cancers Leads to Pleiotropic Effects in the Tumor Cells and Surrounding Stromal Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17785. [PMID: 29259267 PMCID: PMC5736577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-196 family members have been found dysregulated in different cancers. Therefore, they have been proposed as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study is the first to investigate the role of miR-196b in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and also the impact on the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Increased miR-196b levels were detected in 95% of primary tumors and precancerous lesions, although no significant differences were observed between non-progressing versus progressing dysplasias. Furthermore, increased levels of both miR-196a and miR-196b were successfully detected in saliva samples from HNSCC patients. The functional consequences of altered miR-196 expression were investigated in both HNSCC cell lines and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by transfection with specific pre-miR precursors. Results showed that both miR-196a and miR-196b elicit cell-specific responses in target genes and downstream regulatory pathways, and have a distinctive impact on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These data reveal the early occurrence and prevalence of miR-196b dysregulation in HNSCC tumorigenesis, suggesting its utility for early diagnosis and/or disease surveillance and also as a non-invasive biomarker in saliva. The pleiotropic effects of miR-196a/b in HNSCC cell subpopulations and surrounding CAFs may complicate a possible therapeutic application.
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Evaluation of miRNA-196a2 and apoptosis-related target genes: ANXA1, DFFA and PDCD4 expression in gastrointestinal cancer patients: A pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187310. [PMID: 29091952 PMCID: PMC5665540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested the significant association of miRNAs aberrant expression with tumor initiation, progression and metastasis in cancer, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The current preliminary study aimed to evaluate the relative expression levels of miR-196a2 and three of its selected apoptosis-related targets; ANXA1, DFFA and PDCD4 in a sample of GI cancer patients. Quantitative real-time PCR for miR-196a2 and its selected mRNA targets, as well as immunohistochemical assay for annexin A1 protein expression were detected in 58 tissues with different GI cancer samples. In addition, correlation with the clinicopathological features and in silico network analysis of the selected molecular markers were analyzed. Stratified analyses by cancer site revealed elevated levels of miR-196a2 and low expression of the selected target genes. Annexin protein expression was positively correlated with its gene expression profile. In colorectal cancer, miR-196a over-expression was negatively correlated with annexin A1 protein expression (r = -0.738, p < 0.001), and both were indicators of unfavorable prognosis in terms of poor differentiation, larger tumor size, and advanced clinical stage. Taken together, aberrant expression of miR-196a2 and the selected apoptosis-related biomarkers might be involved in GI cancer development and progression and could have potential diagnostic and prognostic roles in these types of cancer; particularly colorectal cancer, provided the results experimentally validated and confirmed in larger multi-center studies.
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15
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Álvarez-Teijeiro S, Menéndez ST, Villaronga MÁ, Pena-Alonso E, Rodrigo JP, Morgan RO, Granda-Díaz R, Salom C, Fernandez MP, García-Pedrero JM. Annexin A1 down-regulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated via transcriptional control with direct involvement of miR-196a/b. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6790. [PMID: 28754915 PMCID: PMC5533727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) down-regulation is an early and frequent event in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). In an attempt to identify the underlying mechanisms of reduced ANXA1 protein expression, this study investigated ANXA1 mRNA expression in HNSCC specimens by both in situ hybridization and RT-qPCR. Results showed a perfect concordance between the pattern of ANXA1 mRNA and protein detected by immunofluorescence in tumors, precancerous lesions and normal epithelia, reflecting that ANXA1 down-regulation occurs at transcriptional level. We also found that both miR-196a and miR-196b levels inversely correlated with ANXA1 mRNA levels in paired HNSCC tissue samples and patient-matched normal mucosa. In addition, endogenous levels of ANXA1 mRNA and protein were consistently and significantly down-regulated upon miR-196a and miR-196b over-expression in various HNSCC-derived cell lines. The direct interaction of both mature miR-196a and miR-196b was further confirmed by transfection with Anxa1 3′UTR constructs. Combined bioinformatics and functional analysis of ANXA1 promoter activity contributed to identify key regions and potential mediators of ANXA1 transcriptional control. This study unveils that, in addition to miR-196a, miR-196b also directly targets ANXA1 in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Emma Pena-Alonso
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Reginald O Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Cecilia Salom
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - M Pilar Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, CIBERONC, Spain.
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16
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HOXB9 Expression Correlates with Histological Grade and Prognosis in LSCC. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3680305. [PMID: 28808656 PMCID: PMC5541786 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3680305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the HOX gene expression profile in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and assess whether some genes are associated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis in LSCC patients. The HOX gene levels were tested by microarray and validated by qRT-PCR in paired cancerous and adjacent noncancerous LSCC tissue samples. The microarray testing data of 39 HOX genes revealed 15 HOX genes that were at least 2-fold upregulated and 2 that were downregulated. After qRT-PCR evaluation, the three most upregulated genes (HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13) were selected for tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. The correlations between the HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13 expression levels and both clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Three HOX gene expression levels were markedly increased in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). HOXB9 was found to correlate with histological grade (P < 0.01) and prognosis (P < 0.01) in LSCC. In conclusion, this study revealed that HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13 were upregulated and may play important roles in LSCC. Moreover, HOXB9 may serve as a novel marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in LSCC patients.
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Keshavarzi M, Sorayayi S, Jafar Rezaei M, Mohammadi M, Ghaderi A, Rostamzadeh A, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei H. MicroRNAs‐Based Imaging Techniques in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4121-4128. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshavarzi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial RadiologySchool of DentistryLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Saba Sorayayi
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Ayoob Rostamzadeh
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy and NeuroscienceShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular BiotechnologyRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyCell Science Research CenterACECRIsfahanIran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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18
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Kao HW, Pan CY, Lai CH, Wu CW, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC. Urine miR-21-5p as a potential non-invasive biomarker for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56389-56397. [PMID: 28915598 PMCID: PMC5593569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reports have implicated that microRNAs involve in cancer development and progression, such as miR-155 in breast cancers and miR-196 in gastric cancers. Furthermore, microRNAs are more stable than typical protein-coding gene mRNAs in varieties of clinical samples including body fluids. This suggests that they are potentially valuable biomarkers for cancer monitoring. In this study, we have used urine samples of gastric cancer patients to demonstrate the feasibility of urine microRNAs for gastric cancer detection. Urine samples of gastric cancer patients were extracted for total RNA, which were examined for the expression of miR-21-5p using quantitative stem-loop PCR. Our results demonstrated that miR-21-5p could be detected in small amounts of urine samples with good stability, and the expression levels of miR-21-5p were reduced following surgical removal of gastric cancer tissues. These results implicate that urine miR-21-5p could be utilized as a novel non-invasive biomarker of gastric cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Ehtesham N, Sharifi M. From conventional therapy toward microRNA-based therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:187. [PMID: 28028527 PMCID: PMC5156975 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.190996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hematopoietic malignancy that is known with its special cytogenetic feature. Several studies have surveyed expression signature of microRNAs (miRNAs) in APL patients, especially patients who are treated with conventional therapy of this disease. Using miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in various cancers has been widely studied. Currently, most studies are focusing on exploiting miRNAs as therapeutic tools, and promising progress has been achieved in this field. Recently, studies in the field of miRNA-based therapy in APL have been started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Chen ZY, Chen X, Wang ZX. The role of microRNA-196a in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5430-2. [PMID: 27752997 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a large group of non-coding RNAs that have emerged as regulators of various biological processes, especially carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Recent evidence has shown that microRNA-196a (miR-196a) is upregulated in most types of tumors and involved in multiple biological processes via translational inhibition and mRNA cleavage, such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, mostly functioning as an oncogene. Dysregulation of miR-196a promotes oncogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the upstream regulators, target genes, signaling pathways, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of miR-196a, which collectively affect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, we review the clinical outcomes and significance of miR-196a. miR-196a may serve as a novel biomarker or target for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in several human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yao Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Chen HC, Tseng YK, Chi CC, Chen YH, Yang CM, Huang SJ, Lee YC, Liou HH, Tsai KW, Ger LP. Genetic variants in microRNA-146a (C>G) and microRNA-1269b (G>C) are associated with the decreased risk of oral premalignant lesions, oral cancer, and pharyngeal cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:21-32. [PMID: 27525378 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at miR-146a C>G (rs2910164) and miR-1269b G>C (rs7210937) and the risk of developing oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pharyngeal SCC (PSCC), and oral and pharyngeal SCC (OPSCC). DESIGN Genotyping of miR-146a C>G and miR-1269b G>C was performed in two case-control studies using the TaqMan assay. A total of 197 healthy control subjects, 241 OPLs patients, and 188 OPSCC patients who habitually chewed betel quid (BQ) were recruited into one case-control study. Additionally, 668 cancer-free control subjects and 658 OPSCC patients were recruited into the other case-control study. RESULTS The G/G genotype at miR-146a C>G was associated with the decreased risk of OSCC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.66, P=0.040], PSCC (AOR=0.42, P=0.013), and OPSCC (AOR=0.63, P=0.020). Additionally, the C allelic type and C/C genotype at miR-1269b G>C decreased the risk of BQ-related oral leukoplakia (C vs. G: AOR=0.68, P=0.012;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.43, P=0.009), BQ-related OPLs (C vs. G: AOR=0.69, P=0.008;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.44, P=0.005), and BQ-related OPSCC (C vs. G: AOR=0.65, P=0.003;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.47, P=0.011). In OPSCC patients, the G/G genotype of miR-146a was correlated with well-differentiated cells (P=0.041), and the G/C and C/C genotypes of miR-1269b were correlated with the absence of lymph node involvement (P=0.031), especially in OSCC patients (P=0.038 and P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION The genetic variants of miR-146a and miR-1269b are biomarkers against the development of OPLs and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chuan Chi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jhih Huang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Biology, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Imaoka H, Toiyama Y, Okigami M, Yasuda H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Circulating microRNA-203 predicts metastases, early recurrence, and poor prognosis in human gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:744-53. [PMID: 26233325 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) relating to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) control GC progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum EMT-associated miRNAs for metastatic and prognostic noninvasive biomarkers in GC. METHODS In the first step of this study (preliminary experiments), we selected candidate miRNAs associated with metastasis by analyzing the expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429) and miR-203 in serum samples from stage I (n = 12) and stage IV (n = 12) GC patients. The second phase involved the independent validation of candidate miRNAs in serum specimens from 130 patients with GC and 22 controls. RESULTS Based on the preliminary experiments, miR-203 was selected as the candidate serum miRNA that was most closely associated with metastasis. Validation analysis revealed that serum miR-203 levels were significantly lower in stage IV than stage I-III GC patients. Serum miR-203 expression was significantly lower in GC patients with a higher T stage, vessel invasion, and lymph node, peritoneal, and distant metastases. Low expression of serum miR-203 was significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that low serum miR-203 expression was an independent predictive marker for lymph node, peritoneal, and distant metastases and a poor prognosis in patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-203 has the potential to serve as a noninvasive biomarker for prognosis and to predict metastasis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imaoka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Masato Okigami
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Mohammed EA, Hussein MH, EL-Labban MM. MicroRNA-196a2 Biomarker and Targetome Network Analysis in Solid Tumors. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:559-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tsai KW, Leung CM, Lo YH, Chen TW, Chan WC, Yu SY, Tu YT, Lam HC, Li SC, Ger LP, Liu WS, Chang HT. Arm Selection Preference of MicroRNA-193a Varies in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28176. [PMID: 27307030 PMCID: PMC4910092 DOI: 10.1038/srep28176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs derived from the 3′ and 5′ ends of the same precursor. However, the biological function and mechanism of miRNA arm expression preference remain unclear in breast cancer. We found significant decreases in the expression levels of miR-193a-5p but no significant differences in those of miR-193a-3p in breast cancer. MiR-193a-3p suppressed breast cancer cell growth and migration and invasion abilities, whereas miR-193a-5p suppressed cell growth but did not influence cell motility. Furthermore, NLN and CCND1, PLAU, and SEPN1 were directly targeted by miR-193a-5p and miR-193a-3p, respectively, in breast cancer cells. The endogenous levels of miR-193a-5p and miR-193a-3p were significantly increased by transfecting breast cancer cells with the 3′UTR of their direct targets. Comprehensive analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed significant differences in the arm expression preferences of several miRNAs between breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Our results collectively indicate that the arm expression preference phenomenon may be attributable to the target gene amount during breast cancer progression. The miRNA arm expression preference may be a means of modulating miRNA function, further complicating the mRNA regulatory network. Our findings provide a new insight into miRNA regulation and an application for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Biology, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Man Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Lo
- Department of Family Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- Genomics &Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of medical research, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yu Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hing-Chung Lam
- Center For Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics &Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of medical research, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Twiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Center For Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Treece AL, Duncan DL, Tang W, Elmore S, Morgan DR, Dominguez RL, Speck O, Meyers MO, Gulley ML. Gastric adenocarcinoma microRNA profiles in fixed tissue and in plasma reveal cancer-associated and Epstein-Barr virus-related expression patterns. J Transl Med 2016; 96:661-71. [PMID: 26950485 PMCID: PMC5767475 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) or plasma may add value for cancer management. The GastroGenus miR Panel was developed to measure 55 cancer-specific human microRNAs, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded microRNAs, and controls. This Q-rtPCR panel was applied to 100 FFPEs enriched for adenocarcinoma or adjacent non-malignant mucosa, and to plasma of 31 patients. In FFPE, microRNAs upregulated in malignant versus adjacent benign gastric mucosa were hsa-miR-21, -155, -196a, -196b, -185, and -let-7i. Hsa-miR-18a, 34a, 187, -200a, -423-3p, -484, and -744 were downregulated. Plasma of cancer versus non-cancer controls had upregulated hsa-miR-23a, -103, and -221 and downregulated hsa-miR-378, -346, -486-5p, -200b, -196a, -141, and -484. EBV-infected versus uninfected cancers expressed multiple EBV-encoded microRNAs, and concomitant dysregulation of four human microRNAs suggests that viral infection may alter cellular biochemical pathways. Human microRNAs were dysregulated between malignant and benign gastric mucosa and between plasma of cancer patients and non-cancer controls. Strong association of EBV microRNA expression with known EBV status underscores the ability of microRNA technology to reflect disease biology. Expression of viral microRNAs in concert with unique human microRNAs provides novel insights into viral oncogenesis and reinforces the potential for microRNA profiles to aid in classifying gastric cancer subtypes. Pilot studies of plasma suggest the potential for a noninvasive addition to cancer diagnostics.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/virology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Case-Control Studies
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Male
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Pilot Projects
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Treece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Duncan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weihua Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Elmore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas R Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ricardo L Dominguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Western Regional Hospital, Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras
| | - Olga Speck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael O Meyers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Hou YY, You JJ, Yang CM, Pan HW, Chen HC, Lee JH, Lin YS, Liou HH, Liu PF, Chi CC, Ger LP, Tsai KW. Aberrant DNA hypomethylation of miR-196b contributes to migration and invasion of oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4013-4021. [PMID: 27313732 PMCID: PMC4888123 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs of ~21-24 nucleotides in length. Previous studies have indicated that miR-196b has either an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive function in various types of cancer. However, the biological role of miR-196b in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression levels of miR-196b were examined in oral cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues from 69 OSCC patients using stem-loop reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that miR-196b was significantly overexpressed in OSCC tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent normal tissue samples (64 of 69, 92.7%, P<0.001). Analysis of the methylation status of the miR-196b gene indicated more frequent hypomethylation of the CpG islands located upstream of the miR-196b gene in the OSCC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues (32 of 69, 46.3%), and the methylation status of miR-196b correlated inversely with its expression levels. Furthermore, the unmethylated status of the miR-196b promoter correlated with poor disease-specific survival in OSCC patients (P=0.035). Functional analysis revealed that ectopic miR-196b expression promoted oral cancer cell migration and invasion abilities, and that silencing of miR-196b could abrogate in vitro migration and invasion of oral cancer cells. Collectively, the present findings indicate that the epigenetic regulation of miR-196b expression plays a crucial role in modulating cell migration and invasion during OSCC progression, and thus may serve as a potential prognosis marker or therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jyun-Jie You
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Chuan Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
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27
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Lu YC, Chang JT, Chan EC, Chao YK, Yeh TS, Chen JS, Cheng AJ. miR-196, an Emerging Cancer Biomarker for Digestive Tract Cancers. J Cancer 2016; 7:650-5. [PMID: 27076845 PMCID: PMC4829550 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the emergence of microRNA (miRNA) research has firmly established this molecular family as a key component in cells. MiRNAs, which function as negative gene regulators, participate in multiple biological processes and maintain homeostasis in cells. The dysregulation of miRNA may contribute to numerous human disorders, including cancer. Recently, miR-196 was found to be aberrantly expressed in a wide range of malignant diseases, which suggests that it plays important roles in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge concerning miR-196 family in cancers. This review includes miR-196 gene structure and aberrant expression in various cancers, and current understanding of numerous functions and regulatory targets of miR-196 in specific cancers. Since miR-196 are consistently found over-expressed in digestive tract cancer tissues, we also reviewed the clinical significance and potential applications of miR-196 in these cancers. We highlight that miR-196 may serve as an emerging cancer biomarker for digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Lu
- 1. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph T Chang
- 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Err-Cheng Chan
- 1. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- 3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- 4. Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Shiun Chen
- 5. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- 1. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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28
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified many genes associated with digestive tract neoplasms. However, the published findings have been conflicting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the involvement of two polymorphisms (miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913) in digestive tract neoplasms risk and explore how miR-146a and miR-196a2 influence this risk. Systemic research of the PubMed, EBSCO, CBM and VIP databases was performed. The software STATA 12.0 was used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. There were 14 studies (6,053 cases and 6,527 controls) available for rs2910164 and 15 studies (5,648 cases and 6,607 controls) involved in rs11614913. Rs2910164G>C was statistically significantly associated with digestive tract neoplasms (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.076-1.194, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant association was observed in Asian individuals (OR 1.145, 95% CI 1.084-1.209, P < 0.001). We found a correlation between rs11614913 and only colorectal cancer (OR 1.325, 95% CI 1.102-1.594, P = 0.003). This study suggested that digestive tract neoplasms might associate with miR-146a variants, but not miR-196a2 variants.
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29
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Xie SS, Jin J, Xu X, Zhuo W, Zhou TH. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1213-1223. [PMID: 26811659 PMCID: PMC4716032 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unclear. The association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with cancer has been widely studied during the past decade. In general, ncRNAs have been classified as small ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence shows that miRNAs and lncRNAs play key roles in the formation and progression of many cancers. In this review, we focus on the regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric cancer. miRNAs and lncRNAs appear to be involved in gastric tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and in establishment of the gastric tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the possibilities of establishing miRNAs and lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Taken together, we summarize the emerging roles of ncRNAs in gastric cancer development and their possible clinical significance.
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30
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Khoury S, Tran N. Circulating microRNAs: potential biomarkers for common malignancies. Biomark Med 2015; 9:131-51. [PMID: 25689901 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are approximately 22 nucleotide sequences in length and have been predicted to control expression of up to 30-60% of all protein-coding genes in mammals. Considering this wide involvement in gene control, aberrant miRNA expression has a strong association with the presence and progression of a disease, hence generating much anticipation in using miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. The majority of these miRNAs are intracellular, but recently they have been discovered in bodily fluids. This review will provide an insight into these circulatory miRNA molecules and discuss their potential as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Khoury
- School of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O. Circulating Blood-Borne microRNAs as Biomarkers in Solid Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:75-122. [PMID: 26608200 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is the identification of stable biomarkers that could be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. Human blood and other body fluids represent rich sources for the identification of novel biomarkers. It is apparent that the availability of these biomarkers would improve an early detection of asymptomatic disease and the clinical management of cancer. MicroRNAs have been described to be present in various types of body fluids including cell-free serum and plasma. These days, the involvement of microRNAs in molecular pathology of cancer is well established. Moreover, it seems that these molecules could be optimal noninvasive biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and high sensitivity and specificity in various diseases. To date, more than 100 circulating microRNAs with the potential to serve as novel diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers for different types of cancers have been identified, and this number is still increasing. However, there are major discrepancies in the findings by different research groups, and few commonly altered microRNAs have been reported in these studies. Further studies on large cohorts using uniform methodology are warranted to establish the clinical applicability of circulating microRNAs for solid tumors. Here, we summarize the tumor-specific profiles of blood-borne microRNAs and discuss their potential utility for personalized medicine of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Kuo WT, Su MW, Lee YL, Chen CH, Wu CW, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC. Bioinformatic Interrogation of 5p-arm and 3p-arm Specific miRNA Expression Using TCGA Datasets. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1798-814. [PMID: 26389959 PMCID: PMC4600160 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cellular functions and developmental processes. They are also implicated in oncogenesis mechanisms and could serve as potential cancer biomarkers. Using high-throughput miRNA sequencing information, expression of both the 5p-arm and 3p-arm mature miRNAs were demonstrated and generated from the single miRNA hairpin precursor. However, current miRNA annotations lack comprehensive 5p-arm/3p-arm feature annotations. Among known human mature miRNAs, only half of them are annotated with arm features. This generated ambiguous results in many miRNA-Sequencing (miRNA-Seq) studies. In this report, we have interrogated the TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) miRNA expression datasets with an improved, fully annotated human 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA reference list. By utilizing this comprehensive miRNA arm-feature annotations, enhanced determinations and clear annotations were achieved for the miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) recognized from the sequencing reads. In the gastric cancer (STAD) dataset, as an example, 32 5p-arm/3p-arm OPEN ACCESS J. Clin. Med. 2015, 4 1799 specific miRNAs were found to be down-regulated and 24 5p-arm/3p-arm specific miRNAs were found to be up-regulated. We have further extended miRNA biomarker discoveries to additional TCGA miRNA-Seq datasets and provided extensive expression information on 5p-arm/3p-arm miRNAs across multiple cancer types. Our results identified several miRNAs that could be potential common biomarkers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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33
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Li SC, Shi H, Khan M, Caplin M, Meyer T, Öberg K, Giandomenico V. Roles of miR-196a on gene regulation of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:131-9. [PMID: 26052033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating miR-196a roles using in vitro models. miR-196a was detected in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) and lung NETs. miR-196a target prediction analysis suggested HOXA9, HOXB7, LRP4 and RSPO2 genes for further investigation. The level of these four genes is detectable in SI-NET tissue specimens at different disease stages and serum samples of untreated and somatostatin analogs treated patients with liver metastases. A miR-196a inhibitor was used to silence its effects in NET cells. We show that the four target genes were significantly upregulated at transcriptional level in silenced NET cells. HOXA9, HOXB7, LRP4 and RSPO2 encoded proteins are also upregulated at translational level in miR-196a silenced NET cells. miR-196a downstream genes BMP4, ETS1, CTNNB1, FZD5, LRP5 and LRP6 were significantly upregulated at transcriptional level in miR-196a silenced CNDT2.5 and NCI-H727 cells. In addition, miR-196a clearly does not play a role in NET cell growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chen Li
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohid Khan
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kjell Öberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory,Endocrine Oncology Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valeria Giandomenico
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory,Endocrine Oncology Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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34
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Guo H, Zhou X, Lu Y, Xie L, Chen Q, Keller ET, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Translational progress on tumor biomarkers. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:665-71. [PMID: 26557902 PMCID: PMC4632916 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to apply basic research achievements to the clinic. In particular, mechanistic studies should be developed by bench researchers, depending upon clinical demands, in order to improve the survival and quality of life of cancer patients. To date, translational medicine has been addressed in cancer biology, particularly in the identification and characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. This review focuses on the recent achievements and clinical application prospects in tumor biomarkers based on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Liye Xie
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, Huaxi Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education Nanning, China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China ; Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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35
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Mu YP, Tang S, Sun WJ, Gao WM, Wang M, Su XL. Association of miR-193b down-regulation and miR-196a up-regulation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8893-900. [PMID: 25374225 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to be closely associated with tumor development, progression, and carcinogenesis. However, their clinical implications for gastric cancer remain elusive. To investigate the hypothesis that genome-wide alternations of miRNAs differentiate gastric cancer tissues from those matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (ANTTs), miRNA arrays were employed to examine miRNA expression profiles for the 5-pair discovery stage, and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) was applied to validate candidate miRNAs for 48-pair validation stage. Furthermore, the relationship between altered miRNA and clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer was explored. Among a total of 1,146 miRNAs analyzed, 16 miRNAs were found to be significantly different expressed in tissues from gastric cancer compared to ANTTs (p<0.05). qRT-PCR further confirmed the variation in expression of miR-193b and miR-196a in the validation stage. Down-expression of miR-193b was significantly correlated with Lauren type, differentiation, UICC stage, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while over-expression of miR-196a was significantly associated with poor differentiation (p=0.022). Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the UICC stage was a significant risk factor for down-expression of miR-193b (adjusted OR=8.69; 95%CI=1.06-56.91; p=0.043). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with a high fold-change of down-regulated miR-193b had a significantly shorter survival time (n=19; median survival=29 months) compared to patients with a low fold-change of down-regulated miR-193b (n=29; median survival=54 months) (p=0.001). Overall survival time of patients with a low fold-change of up-regulated miR- 196a (n=27; median survival=52 months) was significantly longer than that of patients with a high fold-change of up-regulated miR-196a (n=21; median survival=46 months) (p=0.003). Hence, miR-193b and miR-196a may be applied as novel and promising prognostic markers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China E-mail : ;
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36
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Darnet S, Moreira FC, Hamoy IG, Burbano R, Khayat A, Cruz A, Magalhães L, Silva A, Santos S, Demachki S, Assumpção M, Assumpção P, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â. High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 26157332 PMCID: PMC4485834 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples. We observed that a small set of those samples were responsible for approximately 80% of the total miRNAs expression, which might represent a miRNA tissue signature. Additionally, we identified seven miRNAs exhibiting significant differences, and, of these, hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c were able to discriminate antrum without tumor from gastric cancer regardless of the histological type. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c are potential gastric adenocarcinoma occurrence biomarkers with the ability to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing this cancer, and could even be used as therapeutic targets to allow individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Darnet
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Área de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Igor G Hamoy
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Capanema, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel Burbano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Khayat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Magalhães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Monica Assumpção
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Darda L, Hakami F, Morgan R, Murdoch C, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. The role of HOXB9 and miR-196a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122285. [PMID: 25860510 PMCID: PMC4393232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that a number of HOX genes, a family of transcription factors with key roles in early development, are up-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers. The loci of several Homeobox (HOX) genes also contain microRNAs (miRs), including miR-196a. Methods Global miR expression and expression of all 39 HOX genes in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), oral pre-malignant (OPM) and HNSCC cells was assessed by expression microarray and qPCR and in tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qPCR of laser microdissected (LCM) tissues. Expression of miR196a and HOXB9 was reduced using anti-miR-196a and siRNA, respectively. Expression microarray profiles of anti-miR196a and pre-miR196a transfected cells were compared to parental cells in order to identify novel targets of miR-196a. Putative miR196a targets were validated by qPCR and were confirmed as binding to the 3’UTR of miR196a by a dual luciferase reporter assay combined with mutational analysis of the miR-196a binding site. Results miR-196a and HOXB9 are highly expressed in HNSCC compared to NOKs, a pattern also seen in HNSCC tissues by HOXB9 IHC and qPCR of miR-196a in LCM tissue. Knock-down of miR-196a expression decreased HNSCC cell migration, invasion and adhesion to fibronectin, but had no effect on proliferation. Furthermore, knock-down of HOXB9 expression decreased migration, invasion and proliferation but did not alter adhesion. We identified a novel primary mRNA transcript containing HOXB9 and miR196a-1 as predicted from in-silico analysis. Expression array analysis identified a number of miR196a targets, including MAMDC2 and HOXC8. We confirmed that MAMDC2 is a novel miR-196a target using a dual luciferase reporter assay with the effect abolished on mutation of the binding site. Conclusions These results show that miR-196a and HOXB9 are overexpressed, perhaps co-ordinately, as HNSCC develops and exert a pro-tumourigenic phenotype in HNSCC and OPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lav Darda
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Hakami
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Genomic assays for Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e134. [PMID: 25613731 PMCID: PMC4314585 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A small set of gastric adenocarcinomas (9%) harbor Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA within malignant cells, and the virus is not an innocent bystander but rather is intimately linked to pathogenesis and tumor maintenance. Evidence comes from unique genomic features of host DNA, mRNA, microRNA and CpG methylation profiles as revealed by recent comprehensive genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Their data show that gastric cancer is not one disease but rather comprises four major classes: EBV-positive, microsatellite instability (MSI), genomically stable and chromosome instability. The EBV-positive class has even more marked CpG methylation than does the MSI class, and viral cancers have a unique pattern of methylation linked to the downregulation of CDKN2A (p16) but not MLH1. EBV-positive cancers often have mutated PIK3CA and ARID1A and an amplified 9p24.1 locus linked to overexpression of JAK2, CD274 (PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2). Multiple noncoding viral RNAs are highly expressed. Patients who fail standard therapy may qualify for enrollment in clinical trials targeting cancer-related human gene pathways or promoting destruction of infected cells through lytic induction of EBV genes. Genomic tests such as the GastroGenus Gastric Cancer Classifier are available to identify actionable variants in formalin-fixed cancer tissue of affected patients.
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Calcagno DQ, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Cancer type-specific epigenetic changes: gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:79-101. [PMID: 25421656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of mortality despite declining rate in the world. Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric tumors. Epigenetic refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches have emerged. This chapter summarizes the main epigenomic mechanisms described recently involved in gastric carcinogenesis, focusing on the roles that aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications (histone acetylation and methylation), and miRNAs (oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of miRNA) play in the onset and progression of gastric tumors. Clinical implications of these epigenetic alterations in GC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP 66073-000 Belém, PA, Brazil,
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Chan WC, Lin WC. MetaMirClust: Discovery and Exploration of Evolutionarily Conserved miRNA Clusters. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1375:75-89. [PMID: 25861770 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent emerging studies suggest that a substantial fraction of microRNA (miRNA) genes is likely to form clusters in terms of evolutionary conservation and biological implications, posing a significant challenge for the research community and shifting the bottleneck of scientific discovery from miRNA singletons to miRNA clusters. In addition, the advance in molecular sequencing technique such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated researchers to comprehensively characterize miRNAs with low abundance on genome-wide scale in multiple species. Taken together, a large scale, cross-species survey of grouped miRNAs based on genomic location would be valuable for investigating their biological functions and regulations in an evolutionary perspective. In the present chapter, we describe the application of effective and efficient bioinformatics tools on the identification of clustered miRNAs and illustrate how to use the recently developed Web-based database, MetaMirClust (http://fgfr.ibms.sinic.aedu.tw/MetaMirClust) to discover evolutionarily conserved pattern of miRNA clusters across metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Chan
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Wen-chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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41
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Cheng G. Circulating miRNAs: roles in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:75-93. [PMID: 25220354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate numerous biological processes by targeting a broad set of messenger RNAs. Recently, miRNAs have been detected in remarkably stable forms in many types of body fluids. A comparison between cancer patients and healthy individuals has clearly shown that certain types of circulating miRNAs are associated with cancer initiation and progression. Research on miRNA-based biomarkers has witnessed phenomenal growth, owing to the non-invasive nature of miRNA-based screening assays and their sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancers. Consequently, a considerable effort has been devoted to identify suitable miRNAs for cancer diagnosis and also decode the information carried by circulating miRNAs. This review highlights the current studies that focus on the identification of circulating miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic markers, for the most prevalent types of cancer. Additionally, the review also provides an insight into the putative functions of miRNAs, and attempts to delineate the mechanisms through which they are released into the bloodstream. Moreover, methodologies and strategies for identification of circulating miRNAs in cancers are summarized. Finally, potential strategies for circulating miRNA-based cancer therapies are proposed.
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Xu M, Qiang F, Gao Y, Kang M, Wang M, Tao G, Gong W, Zhu H, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zhao Q. Evaluation of a novel functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs35010275 G>C) in MIR196A2 promoter region as a risk factor of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e173. [PMID: 25474430 PMCID: PMC4616385 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to influence the occurrence and progression of cancer through altering the expression and biological function of miRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the potential functional SNPs in MIR196A2 promoter had effect on the susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) in a Chinese population.We conducted a 2-stage case-control study (753 cases and 854 controls in testing set; 940 cases and 1061 controls in validation set) to evaluate the association between 2 potential functional SNPs in MIR196A2 promoter (rs12304647 A>C and rs35010275 G>C) and GC risk. The luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to examine the functionality of the important polymorphism.We found that the rs35010275 C allele was significantly associated with the decreased risk of GC (adjusted odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.77-0.94) in the combined case-control studies. The miR-196a expression levels in GC tissues were significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Besides, each allele of rs35010275 displayed completely opposite effects to influence the transcription activity of MIR196A2 promoter via recruiting different transcription factors or complexes.The functional rs35010275 G>C polymorphism in MIR196A2 promoter was significantly associated with miR-196a expression and influenced the genetic susceptibility to GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- From the Department of Environmental Genomics (MX, YG, MK, MW, HZ, DW, ZZ), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing; Department of Genetic Toxicology (MX, YG, MK, MW, DW, ZZ), The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing; Core Laboratory of Nantong Tumor Hospital (FQ, HZ), Nantong; Department of General Surgery (GT), Huai-An First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai-an; Department of General Surgery (WG), Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing; and Department of General Surgery (QZ), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xu Q, Liu JW, Yuan Y. Comprehensive assessment of the association between miRNA polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 763:148-60. [PMID: 25795117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pri- or pre-microRNAs (miRNAs) were found to be associated with gastric cancer risk. The aim of this study was to systematically review with update meta-analysis for the association of miRNA SNPs with gastric cancer risk. We systematically reviewed a total of 31 SNPs in the precursor genes of 29 miRNAs associated with overall cancer risk. Meanwhile, 13 case-control studies with a total of 9044 gastric cancer cases and 11,762 controls were included in a meta-analysis of five highly studied pre-miRNA SNPs (miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-499 rs3746444, miR-149 rs2292832 and miR-27a rs895819). Our results show both the homozygous miR-27a rs895819 and the miR-149 rs2292832 heterozygote genotype were associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer when compared with wild type. In the stratified analysis, in some subgroup, heterozygous miR-146a rs2910164 was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer; and the variant genotype of miR-196a-2 rs11614913 was associated with an increased risk. No association was found between miR-499 rs3746444 and gastric cancer risk. In summary, miR-27a rs895819 and miR-149 rs2292832 are of potential forewarning ability for gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jing-wei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Liu HS, Xiao HS. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12007-12017. [PMID: 25232237 PMCID: PMC4161788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. More than 80% of diagnoses occur at the middle to late stage of the disease, highlighting an urgent need for novel biomarkers detectable at earlier stages. Recently, aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) have received a great deal of attention as potential sensitive and accurate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential miRNA biomarkers for gastric cancer that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2008 and 2013. Available evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in gastric cancer correlate with tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, distant metastasis and invasion. Furthermore, tissue and cancer types can be classified using miRNA expression profiles and next-generation sequencing. As miRNAs in plasma/serum are well protected from RNases, they remain stable under harsh conditions. Thus, potential functions of these circulating miRNAs can be deduced and may implicate their diagnostic value in cancer detection. Circulating miRNAs, as well as tissue miRNAs, may allow for the detection of gastric cancer at an early stage, prediction of prognosis, and monitoring of recurrence and/or lymph node metastasis. Taken together, the data suggest that the participation of miRNAs in biomarker development will enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic and prognostic tests for gastric cancer.
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Abstract
The study of a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, named microRNAs (miRNAs), has advanced our understanding of many of the fundamental processes of cancer biology and the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression. MiRNA research has become more and more attractive as evidence is emerging that miRNAs likely play important regulatory roles virtually in all essential bioprocesses. Looking at this field over the past decade it becomes evident that our understanding of miRNAs remains rather incomplete. As research continues to reveal the mechanisms underlying cancer therapy efficacy, it is clear that miRNAs contribute to responses to drug therapy and are themselves modified by drug therapy. One important area for miRNA research is to understand the functions of miRNAs and the relevant signaling pathways in the initiation, progression and drug-resistance of tumors to be able to design novel, effective targeted therapeutics that directly target pathologically essential miRNAs and/or their target genes. Another area of increasing importance is the use of miRNA signatures in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancers. As the study of non-coding RNAs is increasingly more popular and important, it is without doubt that the next several years of miRNA research will provide more fascinating results.
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Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Goel A. DNA methylation and microRNA biomarkers for noninvasive detection of gastric and colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:43-57. [PMID: 25128828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without permanently altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations are reversible and heritable, and include changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA-mediated gene silencing. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications occur at the earliest stages of neoplastic transformation and are now believed to be essential players in cancer initiation and progression. Recent advances in epigenetics have not only offered a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, but have also allowed identification of clinically relevant putative biomarkers for the early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk assessment of cancer patients. At this moment, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA including with microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the largest body of available literature on epigenetic biomarkers with the highest potential for cancer diagnosis. Following identification of cell-free nucleic acids in systematic circulation, increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential of cell-free epigenetic biomarkers in the blood or other body fluids for cancer detection. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge on epigenetic biomarkers - primarily DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs - as potential substrates for cancer detection in gastric and colorectal cancer, the two most frequent cancers within the gastrointestinal tract. We also discuss the obstacles that have limited the routine use of epigenetic biomarkers in the clinical settings and provide our perspective on approaches that might help overcome these hurdles, so that these biomarkers can be readily developed for clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Tsai MM, Wang CS, Tsai CY, Chen CY, Chi HC, Tseng YH, Chung PJ, Lin YH, Chung IH, Chen CY, Lin KH. MicroRNA-196a/-196b promote cell metastasis via negative regulation of radixin in human gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:222-31. [PMID: 24933454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role to contribute carcinogenesis. The aim of the current study was to identify useful biomarkers from miRNAs. Differential miRNA profiles were analyzed using the miRNA qRT-PCR-based assay. Two of the most upregulated miRNAs were selected and validated. The miR-196a/-196b levels were significantly increased in gastric cancer (GC) tissues (n=109). Overexpression of miR-196a/-196b was significantly associated with tumor progression and poorer 5-year survival outcomes. Overexpression of miR-196a/-196b enhances GC cell migration and invasion. Further, radixin was identified as a target gene of miR-196a/-196b. Elevated miR-196a/-196b expression in GC cells led to reduced radixin protein levels and vice versa. Notably, an inverse correlation between miR-196a/-196b and radixin mRNA and protein expression was observed in GC tissues with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses. Together, miR-196a/-196b inhibitory oligonucleotides or overexpression of the radixin may thus have therapeutic potential in suppressing GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiao Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Zhu X, Lv M, Wang H, Guan W. Identification of circulating microRNAs as novel potential biomarkers for gastric cancer detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:911-9. [PMID: 24337687 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum or plasma can be stably detected and used as potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluate circulating miRNAs from numerous gastric cancer (GC) expression profiling studies and to determine miRNA biomarkers for GC detection. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the circulating miRNA expressions between GC patients and healthy controls were carried out. An miRNA ranking system that considered the number of comparisons in agreement, total number of samples, and average fold change was used. Then the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) results of the top miRNAs were combined to further evaluate their diagnostic value by using Meta-disc 1.4. RESULTS A total of 35 miRNAs were reported in the 22 included studies, with 7 miRNAs reported in at least 2 studies. MiR-21 is the most consistently reported miRNA with upregulation. In further analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of summary ROC for miR-21 in GC diagnosis are 0.78 (95 % CI 0.71-0.85), 0.89 (95 % CI 0.82-0.94), and 0.91, respectively. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-21 can serve as a potential biomarker for detection of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China,
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He CZ, Zhang KH. Serum protein and genetic tumor markers of gastric carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3437-42. [PMID: 23886124 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of gastric cancer and consequent mortality pose severe threats to human health. Early screening, diagnosis and treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an efficient method for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer, but the associated discomfort and high cost make it difficult to be a routine method for screening gastric cancer. Serum tumor marker assay is a simple and practical method for detection of gastric cancer, but it is limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, people have been looking for novel serum markers of gastric cancer in recent years. Here we review the novel serum tumor markers of gastric cancer and their diagnostic significance, focusing on the discoveries from serum proteomics analyses and epigenetics researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zhu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang, China.
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Schwarzenbach H, Nishida N, Calin GA, Pantel K. Clinical relevance of circulating cell-free microRNAs in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:145-56. [PMID: 24492836 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 796] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient patient management relies on early diagnosis of disease and monitoring of treatment. In this regard, much effort has been made to find informative, blood-based biomarkers for patients with cancer. Owing to their attributes-which are specifically modulated by the tumour-circulating cell-free microRNAs found in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer may provide insights into the biology of the tumour and the effects of therapeutic interventions. Moreover, the role of microRNAs in the regulation of different cellular processes points to their clinical utility as blood-based biomarkers and future therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs are optimal biomarkers owing to high stability under storage and handling conditions and their presence in blood, urine and other body fluids. In particular, detection of levels of microRNAs in blood plasma and serum has the potential for an earlier cancer diagnosis and to predict prognosis and response to therapy. This Review article considers the latest developments in the use of circulating microRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers and discusses their utility in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumour Biology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and the Centre for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research Building 3, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and the Centre for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research Building 3, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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