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Ghosh C, Hu J, Kebebew E. Advances in translational research of the rare cancer type adrenocortical carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:805-824. [PMID: 37857840 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an annual worldwide incidence of 1-2 cases per 1 million and a 5-year survival rate of <60%. Although adrenocortical carcinoma is rare, such rare cancers account for approximately one third of patients diagnosed with cancer annually. In the past decade, there have been considerable advances in understanding the molecular basis of adrenocortical carcinoma. The genetic events associated with adrenocortical carcinoma in adults are distinct from those of paediatric cases, which are often associated with germline or somatic TP53 mutations and have a better prognosis. In adult primary adrenocortical carcinoma, the main somatic genetic alterations occur in genes that encode proteins involved in the WNT-β-catenin pathway, cell cycle and p53 apoptosis pathway, chromatin remodelling and telomere maintenance pathway, cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway or DNA transcription and RNA translation pathways. Recently, integrated molecular studies of adrenocortical carcinomas, which have characterized somatic mutations and the methylome as well as gene and microRNA expression profiles, have led to a molecular classification of these tumours that can predict prognosis and have helped to identify new therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize these recent translational research advances in adrenocortical carcinoma, which it is hoped could lead to improved patient diagnosis, treatment and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Shang J, Nie X, Qi Y, Zhou J, Qi Y. Short-term smoking cessation leads to a universal decrease in whole blood genomic DNA methylation in patients with a smoking history. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:227. [PMID: 37496025 PMCID: PMC10369823 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics is involved in various human diseases. Smoking is one of the most common environmental factors causing epigenetic changes. The DNA methylation changes and mechanisms after quitting smoking have yet to be defined. The present study examined the changes in DNA methylation levels before and after short-term smoking cessation and explored the potential mechanism. METHODS Whole blood and clinical data were collected from 8 patients before and after short-term smoking cessation, DNA methylation was assessed, and differentially methylated sites were analyzed, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the differentially methylated sites with clinical data. GO/KEGG enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses identified the hub genes. The differentially methylated sites between former and current smokers in GSE50660 from the GEO database were detected by GEO2R. Then, a Venn analysis was carried out using the differentially methylated sites. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the genes corresponding to the common DNA methylation sites, the PPI network was constructed, and hub genes were predicted. The enriched genes associated with the cell cycle were selected, and the pan-cancer gene expression and clinical significance in lung cancer were analyzed based on the TCGA database. RESULTS Most genes showed decreased DNA methylation levels after short-term smoking cessation; 694 upregulated methylation CpG sites and 3184 downregulated methylation CpG sites were identified. The DNA methylation levels were altered according to the clinical data (body weight, expiratory, and tobacco dependence score). Enrichment analysis, construction of the PPI network, and pan-cancer analysis suggested that smoking cessation may affect various biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation leads to epigenetic changes, mainly decreased in the decline of most DNA methylation levels. Bioinformatics further identified the biologically relevant changes after short-term smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xinran Nie
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central China Fuwai Hospital; Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Lippert J, Fassnacht M, Ronchi CL. The role of molecular profiling in adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:460-472. [PMID: 34750847 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive cancer with still partially unknown pathogenesis, heterogenous clinical behaviour and no effective treatment for advanced stages. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical unmet need for better prognostication strategies, innovative therapies and significant improvement of the management of the individual patients. In this review, we summarize available studies on molecular prognostic markers and markers predictive of response to standard therapies as well as newly proposed drug targets in sporadic ACC. We include in vitro studies and available clinical trials, focusing on alterations at the DNA, RNA and epigenetic levels. We also discuss the potential of biomarkers to be implemented in a clinical routine workflow for improved ACC patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lippert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Ehsanullah S, Trikalinos NA. Synchronous AML and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, both successfully treated with somatostatin analogs and decitabine. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:K1-K4. [PMID: 37435465 PMCID: PMC10259290 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Summary Downregulation of tumor suppression genes by DNA hypermethylation has been proposed as a potential cause of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) formation. In this report, we present a patient simultaneously diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a metastatic nonfunctioning pancreatic NEN. Because of the two competing diagnoses, he was treated with lanreotide, venetoclax and a long course of the hypomethylating agent decitabine. The AML responded to venetoclax and decitabine treatment while the PanNEN stabilized on lanreotide. Over multiple months of treatment, the PanNEN showed gradual tumor response, consistent with decitabine treatment effect, and the patient remained without disease progression for both malignancies. We believe that some PanNENs can benefit from treatment with hypomethylating agents such as decitabine. To support this, we review the relevant literature and suggest a mechanism for the efficacy of decitabine in our case. Learning points Neuroendocrine neoplasms are associated with an increased risk of second primary cancers.Epigenetic changes such as hypermethylation and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes might explain the development and behavior of certain NENs.The use of hypomethylating agents such as decitabine might have a role in the treatment of PanNENs. Future studies are needed to confirm that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ehsanullah
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Trikalinos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Grisanti S, Cosentini D, Sigala S, Berruti A. Molecular genotyping of adrenocortical carcinoma: a systematic analysis of published literature 2019-2021. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34:19-28. [PMID: 34669649 PMCID: PMC10863665 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW comprehensive molecular characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses is expanding the number of targets with potential prognostic and therapeutic value. We performed a critical review of recent published literature on genotyping of ACC. RECENT FINDINGS 423 studies were published between 2019 and 2021. After manual curation we summarized selected evidence in two thematic areas: germline deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) variations, genomic alterations and prognosis. SUMMARY the evolving genomic landscape of ACC requires target validation in terms of prognostic and predictive value within scientific consortia. Although the existing multiple driver genes are difficult targets in the perspective of precision oncology, alterations in DNA damage repair genes or in promoter hypermethylation could open new venues for repurposing of existing drugs in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili
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Viëtor CL, Creemers SG, van Kemenade FJ, van Ginhoven TM, Hofland LJ, Feelders RA. How to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174383. [PMID: 34503194 PMCID: PMC8431066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Adrenal tumors are, however, commonly identified in clinical practice. Discrimination between benign and malignant adrenal tumors is of great importance to determine the appropriate treatment and follow-up strategy. This review summarizes the current diagnostic strategies and challenges to distinguish benign from malignant adrenal lesions. We will focus both on radiological and biochemical assessments, enabling diagnosis of the adrenal lesion preoperatively, and on histopathological and a wide variety of molecular assessments that can be done after surgical removal of the adrenal lesion. Furthermore, new non-invasive strategies such as liquid biopsies, in which blood samples are used to study circulating tumor cells, tumor DNA and microRNA, will be addressed in this review. Abstract Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Adrenal incidentalomas are, however, commonly identified in clinical practice. Discrimination between benign and malignant adrenal tumors is of great importance considering the large differences in clinical behavior requiring different strategies. Diagnosis of ACC starts with a thorough physical examination, biochemical evaluation, and imaging. Computed tomography is the first-level imaging modality in adrenal tumors, with tumor size and Hounsfield units being important features for determining malignancy. New developments include the use of urine metabolomics, also enabling discrimination of ACC from adenomas preoperatively. Postoperatively, the Weiss score is used for diagnosis of ACC, consisting of nine histopathological criteria. Due to known limitations as interobserver variability and lack of accuracy in borderline cases, much effort has been put into new tools to diagnose ACC. Novel developments vary from immunohistochemical markers and pathological scores, to markers at the level of DNA, methylome, chromosome, or microRNA. Molecular studies have provided insights into the most promising and most frequent alterations in ACC. The use of liquid biopsies for diagnosis of ACC is studied, although in a small number of patients, requiring further investigation. In this review, current diagnostic modalities and challenges in ACC will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Viëtor
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.V.); (T.M.v.G.)
| | - Sara G. Creemers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.G.C.); (L.J.H.)
| | - Folkert J. van Kemenade
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tessa M. van Ginhoven
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.V.); (T.M.v.G.)
| | - Leo J. Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.G.C.); (L.J.H.)
| | - Richard A. Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.G.C.); (L.J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Histone deacetylase 10, a potential epigenetic target for therapy. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228655. [PMID: 33997894 PMCID: PMC8182986 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 10, a class II family, has been implicated in various tumors and non-tumor diseases, which makes the discovery of biological functions and novel inhibitors a fundamental endeavor. In cancers, HDAC10 plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes through its epigenetic functions or targeting some decisive molecular or signaling pathways. It also has potential clinical utility for targeting tumors and non-tumor diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), intracerebral hemorrhage, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and schizophrenia. To date, relatively few studies have investigated HDAC10-specific inhibitors. Therefore, it is important to study the biological functions of HDAC10 for the future development of specific HDAC10 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed the biological functions, mechanisms and inhibitors of HDAC10, which makes HDAC10 an appealing therapeutic target.
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Araujo-Castro M, Pascual-Corrales E, Molina-Cerrillo J, Alonso-Gordoa T. Immunotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Predictors of Response, Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanisms of Resistance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030304. [PMID: 33809752 PMCID: PMC8002272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options in the advanced stages. Immunotherapy offers hope for altering the orthodox management of cancer, and its role in advanced ACC has been investigated in different studies. With the aim clarifying the role of immunotherapy in ACC we performed a comprehensive review about this topic focusing on the predictors of response, efficacy, safety, and the mechanisms of resistance. Five clinical trials with four immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, avelumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab) have investigated the role of immunotherapy in advanced ACC. Despite, the different primary endpoints used in these studies, the reported rates of overall response rate and progression free survival were generally poor. Three main potential markers of response to immunotherapy in ACC have been described: Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, microsatellite instability and tumor mutational burden. However, none of them has been validated in prospective studies. Several mechanisms of ACC immunoevasion may be responsible of immunotherapy failure, and a greater knowledge of these mechanisms might lead to the development of new strategies to overcome the immunotherapy resistance. In conclusion, although currently the role of immunotherapy is limited, the identification of immunological markers of response and the implementation of strategies to avoid immunotherapy resistance could improve the efficacy of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eider Pascual-Corrales
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (T.A.-G.)
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-C.); (T.A.-G.)
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Juhlin CC, Bertherat J, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD, Sasano H, Mete O. What Did We Learn from the Molecular Biology of Adrenal Cortical Neoplasia? From Histopathology to Translational Genomics. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:102-133. [PMID: 33534120 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-tenth of the general population exhibit adrenal cortical nodules, and the incidence has increased. Afflicted patients display a multifaceted symptomatology-sometimes with rather spectacular features. Given the general infrequency as well as the specific clinical, histological, and molecular considerations characterizing these lesions, adrenal cortical tumors should be investigated by endocrine pathologists in high-volume tertiary centers. Even so, to distinguish specific forms of benign adrenal cortical lesions as well as to pinpoint malignant cases with the highest risk of poor outcome is often challenging using conventional histology alone, and molecular genetics and translational biomarkers are therefore gaining increased attention as a possible discriminator in this context. In general, our understanding of adrenal cortical tumorigenesis has increased tremendously the last decade, not least due to the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. Comprehensive analyses have helped establish the link between benign aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical proliferations and ion channel mutations, as well as mutations in the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway coupled to cortisol-producing adrenal cortical lesions. Moreover, molecular classifications of adrenal cortical tumors have facilitated the distinction of benign from malignant forms, as well as the prognostication of the individual patients with verified adrenal cortical carcinoma, enabling high-resolution diagnostics that is not entirely possible by histology alone. Therefore, combinations of histology, immunohistochemistry, and next-generation multi-omic analyses are all needed in an integrated fashion to properly distinguish malignancy in some cases. Despite significant progress made in the field, current clinical and pathological challenges include the preoperative distinction of non-metastatic low-grade adrenal cortical carcinoma confined to the adrenal gland, adoption of individualized therapeutic algorithms aligned with molecular and histopathologic risk stratification tools, and histological confirmation of functional adrenal cortical disease in the context of multifocal adrenal cortical proliferations. We herein review the histological, genetic, and epigenetic landscapes of benign and malignant adrenal cortical neoplasia from a modern surgical endocrine pathology perspective and highlight key mechanisms of value for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Endocrine Oncology Site, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Liang W, Sun F. Prognostic Alternative mRNA Splicing in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:538364. [PMID: 33776902 PMCID: PMC7994755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.538364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to identify alternative RNA splicing landscape and its prognostic value in adrenocortical carcinoma. METHODS The alternative splicing events data with corresponding clinical information data of 79 ACC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and SpliceSeq package. Prognosis-associated AS events by using univariate Cox regression analysis were selected. Gene functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the potential pathways enriched by survival-associated AS. Prognosis-related splicing events were submitted to develop moderate predictors using Lasso regression model. RESULTS One thousand five survival-associated alternative splicing events were identified. The prognostic genes included ATXN2L, MEIS1, IKBKB, COX4I1. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that prognostic splicing events are associated with Wnt signaling pathway. A prediction model including 12 alternative splicing events was constructed by Lasso regression using train set. ROC analysis showed good performance of the prediction model in test set. Then, a nomogram integrating the clinical-pathological factors and riskscore was constructed for predicting 1- and 3-year survival rate. CONCLUSION Our data provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of AS events in ACC, providing biomarkers for disease progression and a potentially rich source of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liang,
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Di Dalmazi G, Morandi L, Rubin B, Pilon C, Asioli S, Vicennati V, De Leo A, Ambrosi F, Santini D, Pagotto U, Maffeis V, Fassina A, Fallo F. DNA Methylation of Steroidogenic Enzymes in Benign Adrenocortical Tumors: New Insights in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5897139. [PMID: 32844182 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT DNA methylation has been identified among putative regulatory mechanisms for CYP11B2 expression in primary aldosteronism. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to investigate DNA methylation and expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes in benign adrenocortical tumors. DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study took place at university hospitals. PATIENTS We collected fresh-frozen tissues from patients with benign adrenocortical adenomas (n = 48) (nonfunctioning n = 9, autonomous cortisol secretion n = 9, Cushing syndrome n = 17, aldosterone-producing [APA] n = 13) and adrenal cortex adjacent to APA (n = 12). We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of paired APA and concurrent aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCCs) (n = 6). INTERVENTION DNA methylation levels were evaluated by quantitative bisulfite next-generation sequencing in fresh-frozen tissues (CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17A1, CYP21A2, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, NR5A1, STAR, and TSPO) and FFPE APA/APCC paired samples (CYP11B2). CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17, CYP21, and STAR gene expressions were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was DNA methylation. RESULTS CYP11B2 methylation levels were significantly lower in APA than in other adrenal tissues (P < .001). Methylation levels of the remaining genes were comparable among groups. Overall, CYP11B2 expression and DNA methylation were negatively correlated (ρ = -0.379; P = .003). In FFPE-paired APA/APCC samples, CYP11B2 methylation level was significantly lower in APA than in concurrent APCCs (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation plays a regulatory role for CYP11B2 expression and may contribute to aldosterone hypersecretion in APA. Lower CYP11B2 methylation levels in APA than in APCCs may suggest an APCC-to-APA switch via progressive CYP11B2 demethylation. Conversely, DNA methylation seems not to be relevant in regulating the expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes other than CYP11B2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rubin
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Catia Pilon
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Maffeis
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
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12
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Paragliola RM, Corsello A, Locantore P, Papi G, Pontecorvi A, Corsello SM. Medical Approaches in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120551. [PMID: 33260476 PMCID: PMC7760807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents one of the most aggressive endocrine tumors. In spite of a correct therapeutic strategy based on a multidisciplinary approach between endocrinologist, surgeon and oncologist, the prognosis is often poor. Surgery is the mainstay treatment in ACC. Mitotane, a dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane derivate, represents the main medical treatment of ACC in consideration of its adrenocytolitic activity and it is mainly employed as adjuvant treatment after complete surgical resection and for the treatment of advanced ACC. However, the use of mitotane as adjuvant therapy is still controversial, also in consideration of the retrospective nature of several studies. The recurrence of disease is frequent, especially in advanced disease at the diagnosis. Therefore, in these contexts, conventional chemotherapy must be considered in association with mitotane, being the combination etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin (EDP) the standard of care in this setting. A more modern therapeutic approach, based on the need of a salvage therapy for advanced ACC that progresses through first-line EDP, is focused on molecular-targeted therapies. However, robust clinical trials are necessary to assess the real efficacy of these treatments.
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13
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Chou YH, Tantoh DM, Wu MC, Tyan YS, Chen PH, Nfor ON, Hsu SY, Shen CY, Huang CN, Liaw YP. PM 2.5 exposure and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwan Biobank participants. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:68. [PMID: 33153431 PMCID: PMC7646067 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or fine PM is a serious public health concern. It affects DNA methylation and heightens carcinogenesis. Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 (DLEC1) is a tumor suppressor gene. However, aberrant methylation of the gene is associated with several cancers. We evaluated the association between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwanese adults based on regular outdoor exercise. METHODS We obtained DNA methylation and exercise data of 496 participants (aged between 30 and 70 years) from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. We also extracted PM2.5 data from the Air Quality Monitoring Database (AQMD) and estimated participants' exposure using residential addresses. RESULTS DLEC1 methylation and PM2.5 were positively associated: beta coefficient (β) = 0.114 × 10-3; p value = 0.046. The test for interaction between exercise and PM2.5 on DLEC1 methylation was significant (p value = 0.036). After stratification by exercise habits, PM2.5 and DLEC1 methylation remained significantly associated only among those who exercised regularly (β = 0.237 × 10-3; p value = 0.007). PM2.5 quartile-stratified analyses revealed an inverse association between regular exercise and DLEC1 methylation at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 (β = - 5.280 × 10-3; p value = 0.009). After combining exercise habits and PM2.5 quartiles, one stratum (i.e., regular exercise and PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3) was inversely associated with DLEC1 methylation (β = -5.160 × 10-3, p value = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We found significant positive associations between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation. Regular exercise at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 seemingly regulated DLEC1 promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Medical Imaging and Big Data Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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14
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Zhong JY, Cui RR, Lin X, Xu F, Zhu T, Li F, Wu F, Zhou E, Yi L, Yuan LQ. Aberrant DNA methylation of synaptophysin is involved in adrenal cortisol-producing adenoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:5232-5245. [PMID: 31352437 PMCID: PMC6682529 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA) is the main cause of Adrenal Cushing syndrome. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Previous study revealed Synaptophysin (SYP) is ubiquitously expressed in adrenocortical tumors, but its function in CPA still need to be discovered. In the present study we determine the molecular mechanism involved in SYP dysregulation in CPA and how SYP affects the secretion of cortisol in CPA. Our results showed that aberrant DNA methylation of SYP is involved in CPA progress. Using a miRNA microarray and qRT-PCR, we found decreased expression of miR-27a-5p in CPA compared with normal adrenal tissue. Moreover, the expression of TET3, the target gene of miR-27a-5p, increased in CPA compared with normal adrenal tissue. Knock-down of TET3 resulted in hypermethylation of SYP which reducing the expression level of SYP in H295R cells. The miR-27a-5p-TET3-SYP signalling pathway may regulate proliferation and cortisol secretion in H295R cells and, thus, play a key role in CPA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Cui
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ettaieb M, Kerkhofs T, van Engeland M, Haak H. Past, Present and Future of Epigenetics in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051218. [PMID: 32414074 PMCID: PMC7281315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation profiling has been suggested a reliable technique to distinguish between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors, a process which with current diagnostic methods remains challenging and lacks diagnostic accuracy of borderline tumors. Accurate distinction between benign and malignant adrenal tumors is of the essence, since ACC is a rare but aggressive endocrine disease with an annual incidence of about 2.0 cases per million people per year. The estimated five-year overall survival rate for ACC patients is <50%. However, available treatment regimens are limited, in which a radical surgical resection is the only curable option. Nevertheless, up to 85% of patients with radical resection show recurrence of the local disease often with concurrent metastases. Adrenolytic therapy with mitotane, administered alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents, is currently the primary (palliative) treatment for patients with advanced ACC and is increasingly used in adjuvant setting to prevent recurrence. Prognostic stratification is important in order to individualize adjuvant therapies. On April 1, 2020, there were 7404 publications on adrenocortical carcinoma (adrenocortical carcinoma) OR adrenocortical carcinoma [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortex cancer[MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortical carcinoma [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortex neoplasm [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenocortical cancer [MeSH Terms]), yet the underlying pathophysiology and characteristics of ACC is not fully understood. Knowledge on epigenetic alterations in the process of adrenal tumorigenesis is rapidly increasing and will add to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ACC. DNA methylation profiling has been heralded as a promising method in the prognostication of ACC. This review summarizes recent findings on epigenetics of ACC and its role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ettaieb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maxima Medical Center, 5631 Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Kerkhofs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Manon van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Harm Haak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maxima Medical Center, 5631 Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Clay MR, Pinto EM, Cline C, Tran QT, Lin T, Dyer MA, Shi L, Wu H, Pounds SB, Zambetti GP, Orr BA, Ribeiro RC. DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Prognostically Significant Groups in Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors: A Report From the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.19.00163. [PMID: 32923859 PMCID: PMC7446418 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are aggressive; the overall survival of patients with ACCs is 40%-50%. Appropriate staging and histologic classification are crucial because children with incomplete resections, metastases, or relapsed disease have a dismal prognosis. The clinical course of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) is difficult to predict using the current classification schemas, which rely on subjective microscopic and gross macroscopic variables. Recent advances in adult ACT studies have revealed distinct DNA methylation patterns with prognostic significance that have not been systematically interrogated in the pediatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed DNA methylation analyses on 48 newly diagnosed ACTs from the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry and 12 pediatric adrenal controls to evaluate for distinct methylation groups. Pediatric methylation data were also compared systematically with the adult ACC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Two pediatric ACT methylation groups were identified and showed differences in selected clinicopathologic and outcome characteristics. The A1 group was enriched for CTNNB1 variants and unfavorable outcome. The A2 group was enriched for TP53 germline variants, younger age at onset, and favorable outcome. Pediatric ACT methylation groups were maintained when International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry cohort data were combined with TCGA cohort data. The CpG-island hypermethylator phenotype characterizing the TCGA cohort was not identified in the pediatric patients. When methylome findings were combined with independent histopathologic review using the Wieneke criteria, a high-risk population was identified with uniform fatal outcome. CONCLUSION Our results indicate DNA methylation analysis can enhance current diagnostic algorithms. A combination of methylation and histologic classification produced the strongest prediction model and may prove useful in future risk-adapted therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tong Lin
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Lei Shi
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Huiyun Wu
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Brent A. Orr
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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17
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Jouinot A, Armignacco R, Assié G. Genomics of benign adrenocortical tumors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 193:105414. [PMID: 31207362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benign adrenocortical adenomas and hyperplasia are relatively common and include a spectrum of distinct entities, which diagnosis depends on the macroscopic aspect and the secretion profile. Recent advances in genomics have proposed high-throughput molecular characterization of adrenal tumors, thereby improving our knowledge on the pathophysiology and tumorigenesis of these tumors. Genomic (exome and chromosome alteration profiles), epigenomic (micro-RNAs expression and methylation profiles) and transcriptomic (gene expression profiles) studies highlighted the major roles of intracellular calcium signaling in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), of protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP pathway in cortisol-producing tumors, and of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in non-secreting tumors. Exome sequencing revealed new major drivers in all tumor types, including KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D and CACNA1H mutations in APA, PRKACA mutations in cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) and ARMC5 mutations in primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH). The clinical impact of these findings is just starting to evolve. The identification of genetic syndromes, such as germline ARMC5 mutations in PMAH, has allowed genetic counseling. Key molecular alterations could serve as a basis for the development of targeted medical treatments for benign adrenal tumors. The recent developments in genomics, including single-cell technologies, and in proteomics and metabolomics will probably offer new perspectives for characterizing benign adrenal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jouinot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Armignacco
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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18
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Zhou X, Gan F, Hou L, Liu Z, Su J, Lin Z, Le G, Huang K. Aflatoxin B 1 Induces Immunotoxicity through the DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in 3D4/21 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3772-3780. [PMID: 30848898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the most toxic mycotoxin of all of the fungal toxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has carcinogenesis, heptotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. DNA methylation plays a critical role in gene expression regulation of the pathological process. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and AFB1-induced immunotoxicity was not yet reported. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to verify AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and investigate the potential role of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family in AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and the pathway mechanism in 3D4/21 cells. The results showed that AFB1 could induce cytotoxicity, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, DNA damage, and oxidative stress and decrease phagocytotic capacity. Meanwhile, the levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were significantly increased in 0.04 and 0.08 μg/mL AFB1 compared to the control. Inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3a by 5-Aza-2dc could reverse changes of the above parameters. Further, the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was significantly activated in 0.04 μg/mL AFB1. Inhibition of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 by AG490 could alleviate AFB1-induced immunotoxicity. Moreover, inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3a by 5-Aza-2dc could suppress the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Taken together, AFB1-induced immunotoxicity is related to the JAK2/STAT3 pathway mediated by DNMTs in 3D4/21 cells.
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19
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Pittaway JFH, Guasti L. Pathobiology and genetics of adrenocortical carcinoma. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R105-R119. [PMID: 30072419 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence worldwide of 0.7-2.0 cases/million/year. Initial staging is the most important factor in determining prognosis. If diagnosed early, complete surgical resection +/- adjuvant treatment can lead to 5-year survival of up to 80%. However, often it is diagnosed late and in advanced disease, 5-year survival is <15% with a high recurrence rate even after radical surgery. The mainstay of adjuvant treatment is with the drug mitotane. Mitotane has a specific cytotoxic effect on steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex, but despite this, progression through treatment is common. Developments in genetic analysis in the form of next-generation sequencing, aided by bioinformatics, have enabled high-throughput molecular characterisation of these tumours. This, in addition to a better appreciation of the processes of physiological, homeostatic self-renewal of the adrenal cortex, has furthered our understanding of the pathogenesis of this malignancy. In this review, we have detailed the pathobiology and genetic alterations in adrenocortical carcinoma by integrating current understanding of homeostasis and self-renewal in the normal adrenal cortex with molecular profiling of tumours from recent genetic analyses. Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in self-renewal and stem cell hierarchy in normal human adrenal cortices, together with the identification of cell populations likely to be co-opted by oncogenic mutations, will enable further progress in the definition of the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. The combination of these advances eventually will lead to the development of novel, effective and personalised strategies to eradicate molecularly annotated ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F H Pittaway
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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20
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Hammer GD. Therapeutic Targets for Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Genomics Era. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1259-1274. [PMID: 30402590 PMCID: PMC6215083 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer, affecting ~1 person per million per year worldwide. Approximately 75% of patients with ACC eventually develop metastases and progress on the few available standard-of-care medical therapies, highlighting an incredible need for an improved understanding of the molecular biology of this disease. Although it has long been known that ACC is characterized by certain histological and genetic features (e.g., high mitotic activity, chromosomal instability, and overexpression of IGF2), only in the last two decades of genomics has the molecular landscape of ACC been more thoroughly characterized. In this review, we describe the findings of historical genetics and recent genomics studies on ACC and discuss how underlying concepts emerging from these studies contribute to the current model of critical pathways for adrenocortical carcinogenesis. Integrative synthesis across these studies reveals that ACC consists of three distinct molecular subtypes with divergent clinical outcomes and implicates differential regulation of Wnt signaling, cell cycle, DNA methylation, immune biology, and steroidogenesis in ACC biology. These cellular programs are pharmacologically targetable and may enable the development of therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients facing this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Lotfi CFP, Kremer JL, dos Santos Passaia B, Cavalcante IP. The human adrenal cortex: growth control and disorders. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e473s. [PMID: 30208164 PMCID: PMC6113920 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e473s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes key knowledge regarding the development, growth, and growth disorders of the adrenal cortex from a molecular perspective. The adrenal gland consists of two distinct regions: the cortex and the medulla. During embryological development and transition to the adult adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex acquires three different structural and functional zones. Significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling and molecules involved during adrenal cortex zonation. Equally significant is the knowledge obtained regarding the action of peptide factors involved in the maintenance of zonation of the adrenal cortex, such as peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin processing, adrenocorticotropin and N-terminal proopiomelanocortin. Findings regarding the development, maintenance and growth of the adrenal cortex and the molecular factors involved has improved the scientific understanding of disorders that affect adrenal cortex growth. Hypoplasia, hyperplasia and adrenocortical tumors, including adult and pediatric adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas, are described together with findings regarding molecular and pathway alterations. Comprehensive genomic analyses of adrenocortical tumors have shown gene expression profiles associated with malignancy as well as methylation alterations and the involvement of miRNAs. These findings provide a new perspective on the diagnosis, therapeutic possibilities and prognosis of adrenocortical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudimara Ferini Pacicco Lotfi
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Jean Lucas Kremer
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Barbara dos Santos Passaia
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Isadora Pontes Cavalcante
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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22
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Jonker PKC, Meyer VM, Kruijff S. Epigenetic dysregulation in adrenocortical carcinoma, a systematic review of the literature. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:77-84. [PMID: 28830787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment of this tumor remains challenging. The Weiss score, the current gold standard for the histopathological diagnosis of ACC, lacks diagnostic accuracy of borderline tumors (Weiss score 2 or 3) and is subject to inter observer variability. Furthermore, adjuvant and palliative systemic therapy have limited effect and no proven overall survival benefit. A better insight in the molecular background of ACC might identify markers that improve diagnostic accuracy, predict treatment response or even provide novel therapeutic targets. This systematic review of the literature aims to provide an overview of alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and their potential clinical relevance in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K C Jonker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - V M Meyer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Kruijff
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Jouinot A, Bertherat J. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Adrenocortical carcinoma: differentiating the good from the poor prognosis tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R215-R230. [PMID: 29475877 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, the five-years overall survival being below 40%. However, there is great variability of outcomes and we have now a better view of the heterogeneity of tumor aggressiveness. The extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis, best assayed by the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) Staging Score, is a major determinant of survival. The tumor grade, including the mitotic count and the Ki67 proliferation index, also appears as a strong prognostic factor. The assessment of tumor grade, even by expert pathologists, still suffers from inter-observer reproducibility. The emergence of genomics in the last decade has revolutionized the knowledge of molecular biology and genetics of cancers. In ACC, genomic approaches - including pan-genomic studies of gene expression (transcriptome), recurrent mutations (exome or whole-genome sequencing), chromosome alterations, DNA methylation (methylome), miRNA expression (miRnome) - converge in a new classification of ACC, characterized by distinct molecular profiles and very different outcomes. Targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations have been developed in the perspective of clinical routine, and thus, may help defining therapeutic strategy. By individualizing patients' prognosis and tumor biology, these recent progresses appear as an important step forward towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jouinot
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology Reference Center for Rare Adrenal DiseasesDepartment of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Adrenal DiseasesDepartment of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Armignacco R, Cantini G, Canu L, Poli G, Ercolino T, Mannelli M, Luconi M. Adrenocortical carcinoma: the dawn of a new era of genomic and molecular biology analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:499-507. [PMID: 29080966 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development of novel and high penetrance genomic approaches to analyze biological samples has provided very new insights in the comprehension of the molecular biology and genetics of tumors. The use of these techniques, consisting of exome sequencing, transcriptome, miRNome, chromosome alteration, genome, and epigenome analysis, has also been successfully applied to adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). In fact, the analysis of large cohorts of patients allowed the stratification of ACC with different patterns of molecular alterations, associated with different outcomes, thus providing a novel molecular classification of the malignancy to be associated with the classical pathological analysis. Improving our knowledge about ACC molecular features will result not only in a better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, but also in the identification of more specific therapeutic targets for the development of more effective pharmacological anti-cancer approaches. In particular, the specific molecular alteration profiles identified in ACC may represent targetable events by the use of already developed or newly designed drugs enabling a better and more efficacious management of the ACC patient in the context of new frontiers of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Armignacco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Cantini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Poli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - T Ercolino
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Mannelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Bonnet-Serrano F, Bertherat J. Genetics of tumors of the adrenal cortex. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R131-R152. [PMID: 29233839 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the molecular alterations observed in the various types of tumors of the adrenal cortex, excluding Conn adenomas, especially the alterations identified by genomic approaches these last five years. Two main forms of bilateral adrenocortical tumors can be distinguished according to size and aspect of the nodules: primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD), which can be sporadic or part of Carney complex and primary bilateral macro nodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH). The bilateral nature of the tumors suggests the existence of an underlying genetic predisposition. PPNAD and Carney complex are mainly due to germline-inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A, coding for a regulatory subunit of PKA, whereas PBMAH genetic seems more complex. However, genome-wide approaches allowed the identification of a new tumor suppressor gene, ARMC5, whose germline alteration could be responsible for at least 25% of PBMAH cases. Unilateral adrenocortical tumors are more frequent, mostly adenomas. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway can be activated in both benign and malignant tumors by CTNNB1 mutations and by ZNRF3 inactivation in adrenal cancer (ACC). Some other signaling pathways are more specific of the tumor dignity. Thus, somatic mutations of cAMP/PKA pathway genes, mainly PRKACA, coding for the catalytic alpha-subunit of PKA, are found in cortisol-secreting adenomas, whereas IGF-II overexpression and alterations of p53 signaling pathway are observed in ACC. Genome-wide approaches including transcriptome, SNP, methylome and miRome analysis have identified new genetic and epigenetic alterations and the further clustering of ACC in subgroups associated with different prognosis, allowing the development of new prognosis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Hormonal Biology LaboratoryAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Department of EndocrinologyAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Brown TC, Nicolson NG, Korah R, Carling T. BCL9 Upregulation in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Novel Wnt/β-Catenin Activating Event Driving Adrenocortical Malignancy. J Am Coll Surg 2018; 226:988-995. [PMID: 29428231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is a recently described oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis via activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling cascade. Though constitutively active Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is a molecular hallmark of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a potential role for BCL9 to promote Wnt/β-Catenin pathway dysregulation in adrenocortical tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. STUDY DESIGN This study involved a retrospective analysis at a tertiary academic referral center of 27 patients with adrenocortical tumors, including in vitro investigation of BCL9. The Wnt signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis queried comparative mRNA expression profiles of canonical Wnt pathway components including BCL9. Real-time quantitative PCR determined BCL9 mRNA expression levels in tumor samples. Expression levels of BCL9 mRNA were evaluated for correlation with tumor characteristics. RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing was performed in ACC cell lines SW-13 and NCI-H295R to test the role of BCL9 on clonal cell growth. RESULTS Expression levels of the BCL9 gene were found to be significantly elevated in ACC compared with normal adrenal tissue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between BCL9 mRNA levels and the malignant status of adrenocortical tumors (p < 0.05). RNAi gene silencing of BCL9 inhibited clonal cell growth of SW-13 cells (p < 0.05), but not NCI-H295R cells, which carry a constitutively active β-Catenin mutation. CONCLUSIONS The gene BCL9 is overexpressed in malignant adrenocortical tumors and promotes clonal ACC cell growth. These findings suggest that BCL9 overexpression may serve as an alternative driver of constitutive Wnt/β-Catenin activation in ACC and could represent a potential molecular and diagnostic marker of tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Brown
- Department of Surgery, Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Norman G Nicolson
- Department of Surgery, Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Reju Korah
- Department of Surgery, Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tobias Carling
- Department of Surgery, Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Lalli E, Luconi M. The next step: mechanisms driving adrenocortical carcinoma metastasis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R31-R48. [PMID: 29142005 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine tumors have the peculiarity to become clinically evident not only due to symptoms related to space occupation by the growing lesion, similarly to most other tumors, but also, and most often, because of their specific hormonal secretion, which significantly contributes to their pathological burden. Malignant endocrine tumors, in addition, have the ability to produce distant metastases. Here, we critically review the current knowledge about mechanisms and biomarkers characterizing the metastatic process in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare endocrine malignancy with a high risk of relapse and metastatization even when the primary tumor is diagnosed and surgically removed at an early stage. We highlight perspectives of future research in the domain and possible new therapeutic avenues based on targeting factors having an important role in the metastatic process of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Université Côte d'AzurValbonne, France
- CNRS UMR7275Valbonne, France
- NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated LaboratoryValbonne, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et CellulaireValbonne, France
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio'University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pereira NB, do Carmo ACDM, Campos K, Costa SFDS, Diniz MG, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. DNA methylation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of apoptosis-related genes in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:554-560. [PMID: 28941993 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA methylation profile in 22 apoptosis-related genes in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of the salivary glands, in comparison with normal salivary glands (NSGs), and to address the differences in methylation patterns between smaller and larger tumors. Additionally, we investigated if the hypermethylation of differentially methylated genes between NSGs and PAs impacted the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription. DESIGN Twenty-three fresh PA samples and 12 NSG samples were included. The PA samples were divided into 2 groups: PAs with clinical size larger than 2 cm (n = 12) and PAs with clinical size 2 cm or smaller (n = 11). DNA methylation at the promoter region of a panel of 22 genes involved in apoptosis was profiled by using a human apoptosis DNA methylation polymerase chain reaction array, and the transcriptional levels of genes showing differential methylation profiles between PAs and NSGs were assessed. RESULTS TNFRSF25 and BCL2 L11 were highly methylated in PAs, in comparison with NSGs, irrespective of tumor size. However, no difference could be observed in the mRNA transcription between PAs and NSGs. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of the proapoptotic genes BCL2 L11 and TNFRSF25 is observed in PA. However, this phenomenon did not impact mRNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Braga Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Melo do Carmo
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kelma Campos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Gonçalves Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Cheng JY, Brown TC, Murtha TD, Stenman A, Juhlin CC, Larsson C, Healy JM, Prasad ML, Knoefel WT, Krieg A, Scholl UI, Korah R, Carling T. A novel FOXO1-mediated dedifferentiation blocking role for DKK3 in adrenocortical carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:164. [PMID: 28249601 PMCID: PMC5333434 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated WNT signaling dominates adrenocortical malignancies. This study investigates whether silencing of the WNT negative regulator DKK3 (Dickkopf-related protein 3), an implicated adrenocortical differentiation marker and an established tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, allows dedifferentiation of the adrenal cortex. Methods We analyzed the expression and regulation of DKK3 in human adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, promoter methylation assay, and copy number analysis. We also conducted functional studies on ACC cell lines, NCI-H295R and SW-13, using siRNAs and enforced DKK3 expression to test DKK3’s role in blocking dedifferentiation of adrenal cortex. Results While robust expression was observed in normal adrenal cortex, DKK3 was down-regulated in the majority (>75%) of adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) tested. Both genetic (gene copy loss) and epigenetic (promoter methylation) events were found to play significant roles in DKK3 down-regulation in ACCs. While NCI-H295R cells harboring β-catenin activating mutations failed to respond to DKK3 silencing, SW-13 cells showed increased motility and reduced clonal growth. Conversely, exogenously added DKK3 also increased motility of SW-13 cells without influencing their growth. Enforced over-expression of DKK3 in SW-13 cells resulted in slower cell growth by an extension of G1 phase, promoted survival of microcolonies, and resulted in significant impairment of migratory and invasive behaviors, largely attributable to modified cell adhesions and adhesion kinetics. DKK3-over-expressing cells also showed increased expression of Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor, RNAi silencing of which partially restored the migratory proficiency of cells without interfering with their viability. Conclusions DKK3 suppression observed in ACCs and the effects of manipulation of DKK3 expression in ACC cell lines suggest a FOXO1-mediated differentiation-promoting role for DKK3 in the adrenal cortex, silencing of which may allow adrenocortical dedifferentiation and malignancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3152-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Cheng
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taylor C Brown
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy D Murtha
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam Stenman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M Healy
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reju Korah
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB130A, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Villegas-Ruiz V, Juarez-Mendez S. Data Mining for Identification of Molecular Targets in Ovarian Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1691-9. [PMID: 27221839 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is possibly the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, in Mexico representing the fourth leading cause of gynecological cancer death more than 70% being diagnosed at an advanced stage and the survival being very poor. Ovarian tumors are classified according to histological characteristics, epithelial ovarian cancer as the most common (~80%). We here used high-density microarrays and a systems biology approach to identify tissue-associated deregulated genes. Non-malignant ovarian tumors showed a gene expression profile associated with immune mediated inflammatory responses (28 genes), whereas malignant tumors had a gene expression profile related to cell cycle regulation (1,329 genes) and ovarian cell lines to cell cycling and metabolism (1,664 genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Villegas-Ruiz
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico E-mail :
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenal tumor is a relatively common tumor. The discrimination between adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA) and adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is crucial as these two diseases have distinct prognosis. ACA is a benign tumor curable by surgical excision, while the prognosis of ACC is extremely poor, with a 5-year mortality of 75-90%. Therefore, previous proteomic studies focused on markers allowing the differentiation between ACA and ACC. AREAS COVERED Several proteomic approaches based on the analysis of various samples such as human tissues, urine, and cell lines. In this review, we focused on proteomic studies performed to improve adrenal tumor diagnosis and identify ACC therapeutic targets. Expert commentary: The rapid development of cancer genomics provided a lot of information, which affects functional proteomics. In practice, differentially expressed proteins between ACA and ACC have been suggested in several proteomic studies and had a biologic implication in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Lee
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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Faillot S, Assie G. ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: The genomics of adrenocortical tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R249-65. [PMID: 26739091 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The last decade witnessed the emergence of genomics, a set of high-throughput molecular measurements in biological samples. These pan-genomic and agnostic approaches have revolutionized the molecular biology and genetics of malignant and benign tumors. These techniques have been applied successfully to adrenocortical tumors. Exome sequencing identified new major drivers in all tumor types, including KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3 and CACNA1D mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), PRKACA mutations in cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA), ARMC5 mutations in primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) and ZNRF3 mutations in adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC). Moreover, the various genomic approaches - including exome sequencing, transcriptome, miRNome, genome and methylome - converge into a single molecular classification of adrenocortical tumors. Especially for ACC, two main molecular groups have emerged, showing major differences in outcomes. These ACC groups differ by their gene expression profiles, but also by recurrent mutations and specific DNA hypermethylation patterns in the subgroup of poor outcome. The clinical impact of these findings is just starting. The main altered signaling pathways now become therapeutic targets. The molecular groups of diseases individualize robust subtypes within diseases such as APA, CPA, PBMAH and ACC. A revised nosology of adrenocortical tumors should impact the clinical research. Obvious consequences also include genetic counseling for the new genetic diseases such as ARMC5 mutations in PBMAH, and a better prognostication of ACC based on targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations. Identifying the main molecular groups of adrenocortical tumors by extensively gathering the molecular variations is a significant step forward towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Faillot
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, FranceSIRIC (Site de Recherche Intégré sur le Cancer) CARPEM (CAncer Research for PErsonalized Medicine)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, FranceSIRIC (Site de Recherche Intégré sur le Cancer) CARPEM (CAncer Research for PErsonalized Medicine)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assie
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, FranceSIRIC (Site de Recherche Intégré sur le Cancer) CARPEM (CAncer Research for PErsonalized Medicine)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, FranceSIRIC (Site de Recherche Intégré sur le Cancer) CARPEM (CAncer Research for PErsonalized Medicine)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Cheng Y, Kerppola RE, Kerppola TK. ATR-101 disrupts mitochondrial functions in adrenocortical carcinoma cells and in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:1-19. [PMID: 26843528 PMCID: PMC4887102 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) generally has poor prognosis. Existing treatments provide limited benefit for most patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors. We investigated the mechanisms for the cytotoxicity, xenograft suppression, and adrenalytic activity of ATR-101 (PD132301-02), a prospective agent for ACC treatment. Oral administration of ATR-101 inhibited the establishment and impeded the growth of ACC-derived H295R cell xenografts in mice. ATR-101 induced H295R cell apoptosis in culture and in xenografts. ATR-101 caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen release, and ATP depletion within hours after exposure, followed by cytochrome c release, caspase-3/7 activation, and membrane permeabilization. The increase in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred concurrently with the decrease in cellular ATP levels. When combined with ATR-101, lipophilic free radical scavengers suppressed the reactive oxygen release, and glycolytic precursors prevented the ATP depletion, abrogating ATR-101 cytotoxicity. ATR-101 directly inhibited F1F0-ATPase activity and suppressed ATP synthesis in mitochondrial fractions. ATR-101 administration to guinea pigs caused oxidized lipofuscin accumulation in the zona fasciculate layer of the adrenal cortex, implicating reactive oxygen release in the adrenalytic effect of ATR-101. These results support the development of ATR-101 and other adrenalytic compounds for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Cheng
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Tom Klaus Kerppola
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Legendre CR, Demeure MJ, Whitsett TG, Gooden GC, Bussey KJ, Jung S, Waibhav T, Kim S, Salhia B. Pathway Implications of Aberrant Global Methylation in Adrenocortical Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150629. [PMID: 26963385 PMCID: PMC4786116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are a rare tumor type with a poor five-year survival rate and limited treatment options. Objective Understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease has been aided by genomic analyses highlighting alterations in TP53, WNT, and IGF signaling pathways. Further elucidation is needed to reveal therapeutically actionable targets in ACC. Design In this study, global DNA methylation levels were assessed by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Array on 18 ACC tumors and 6 normal adrenal tissues. A new, non-linear correlation approach, the discretization method, assessed the relationship between DNA methylation/gene expression across ACC tumors. Results This correlation analysis revealed epigenetic regulation of genes known to modulate TP53, WNT, and IGF signaling, as well as silencing of the tumor suppressor MARCKS, previously unreported in ACC. Conclusions DNA methylation may regulate genes known to play a role in ACC pathogenesis as well as known tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Demeure
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Timothy G. Whitsett
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Gerald C. Gooden
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J. Bussey
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- NantOmics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sungwon Jung
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Tembe Waibhav
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pihlajoki M, Färkkilä A, Soini T, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. GATA factors in endocrine neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:2-17. [PMID: 26027919 PMCID: PMC4662929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are structurally-related zinc finger proteins that recognize the consensus DNA sequence WGATAA (the GATA motif), an essential cis-acting element in the promoters and enhancers of many genes. These transcription factors regulate cell fate specification and differentiation in a wide array of tissues. As demonstrated by genetic analyses of mice and humans, GATA factors play pivotal roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of several endocrine organs including the adrenal cortex, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, and testis. Additionally, GATA factors have been shown to be mutated, overexpressed, or underexpressed in a variety of endocrine tumors (e.g., adrenocortical neoplasms, parathyroid tumors, pituitary adenomas, and sex cord stromal tumors). Emerging evidence suggests that GATA factors play a direct role in the initiation, proliferation, or propagation of certain endocrine tumors via modulation of key developmental signaling pathways implicated in oncogenesis, such as the WNT/β-catenin and TGFβ pathways. Altered expression or function of GATA factors can also affect the metabolism, ploidy, and invasiveness of tumor cells. This article provides an overview of the role of GATA factors in endocrine neoplasms. Relevant animal models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Soini
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Gara SK, Wang Y, Patel D, Liu-Chittenden Y, Jain M, Boufraqech M, Zhang L, Meltzer PS, Kebebew E. Integrated genome-wide analysis of genomic changes and gene regulation in human adrenocortical tissue samples. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9327-39. [PMID: 26446994 PMCID: PMC4627080 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and whether there is progression from normal-to-adenoma-to-carcinoma, we performed genome-wide gene expression, gene methylation, microRNA expression and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis in human adrenocortical tissue (normal, adrenocortical adenomas and ACC) samples. A pairwise comparison of normal, adrenocortical adenomas and ACC gene expression profiles with more than four-fold expression differences and an adjusted P-value < 0.05 revealed no major differences in normal versus adrenocortical adenoma whereas there are 808 and 1085, respectively, dysregulated genes between ACC versus adrenocortical adenoma and ACC versus normal. The majority of the dysregulated genes in ACC were downregulated. By integrating the CGH, gene methylation and expression profiles of potential miRNAs with the gene expression of dysregulated genes, we found that there are higher alterations in ACC versus normal compared to ACC versus adrenocortical adenoma. Importantly, we identified several novel molecular pathways that are associated with dysregulated genes and further experimentally validated that oncostatin m signaling induces caspase 3 dependent apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation. Finally, we propose that there is higher number of genomic changes from normal-to-adenoma-to-carcinoma and identified oncostatin m signaling as a plausible druggable pathway for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar Gara
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Liu-Chittenden
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meenu Jain
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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WU YIGAO, WANG WEI, HU WEILIE, XU WENQING, XIAO GE, NIE QIWEI, OUYANG KEYU, CHEN SHUAI. MicroRNA-205 suppresses the growth of adrenocortical carcinoma SW-13 cells via targeting Bcl-2. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3104-10. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Histone Deacetylase 10 Regulates the Cell Cycle G2/M Phase Transition via a Novel Let-7-HMGA2-Cyclin A2 Pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3547-65. [PMID: 26240284 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00400-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2, suggesting HDACs as therapeutic targets for cancer and diseases linked to abnormal cell growth and proliferation. Many HDACs are transcriptional repressors. Some may alter cell cycle progression by deacetylating histones and repressing transcription of key cell cycle regulatory genes. Here, we report that HDAC10 regulates the cell cycle via modulation of cyclin A2 expression, and cyclin A2 overexpression rescues HDAC10 knockdown-induced G2/M transition arrest. HDAC10 regulates cyclin A2 expression by deacetylating histones near the let-7 promoter, thereby repressing transcription. In HDAC10 knockdown cells, let-7f and microRNA 98 (miR-98) were upregulated and the let-7 family target, HMGA2, was downregulated. HMGA2 loss resulted in enrichment of the transcriptional repressor E4F at the cyclin A2 promoter. These findings support a role for HDACs in cell cycle regulation, reveal a novel mechanism of HDAC10 action, and extend the potential of HDACs as targets in diseases of cell cycle dysregulation.
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Murakami M, Yoshimoto T, Nakabayashi K, Tsuchiya K, Minami I, Bouchi R, Izumiyama H, Fujii Y, Abe K, Tayama C, Hashimoto K, Suganami T, Hata KI, Kihara K, Ogawa Y. Integration of transcriptome and methylome analysis of aldosterone-producing adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:185-95. [PMID: 25953827 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) has been investigated intensively through genetic and genomic approaches. However, the role of epigenetics in APA is not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation status in APA. METHODS We conducted an integrated analysis of transcriptome and methylome data of paired APA-adjacent adrenal gland (AAG) samples from the same patient. The adrenal specimens were obtained from seven Japanese patients with APA who underwent adrenalectomy. Gene expression and genome-wide CpG methylation profiles were obtained from RNA and DNA samples that were extracted from those seven paired tissues. RESULTS Methylome analysis showed global CpG hypomethylation in APA relative to AAG. The integration of gene expression and methylation status showed that 34 genes were up-regulated with CpG hypomethylation in APA. Of these, three genes (CYP11B2, MC2R, and HPX) may be related to aldosterone production, and five genes (PRRX1, RAB38, FAP, GCNT2, and ASB4) are potentially involved in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION The present study is the first methylome analysis to compare APA with AAG in the same patients. Our integrated analysis of transcriptome and methylome revealed DNA hypomethylation in APA and identified several up-regulated genes with DNA hypomethylation that may be involved in aldosterone production and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hajime Izumiyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kosei Abe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Abstract
Advances in genomics accelerated greatly progress in the study of the genetics adrenocortical tumors. Bilateral nodular hyperplasias causing Cushing's syndrome are frequently caused by germline alterations leading to cAMP/PKA pathway activation (micronodular) and ARMC5 inactivation (macronodular). Somatic mutations of β-catenin and PRKACA are observed in non secreting or cortisol producing adenomas, respectively. Alterations of the β-catenin (CTNN1B, ZNFR3) or TP53 pathways are found in carcinomas. Mutations in cancers are more common in aggressive tumors and correlate with transcriptome or methylation profiles. Identification of these alterations helps to refine the molecular classification of these tumors and to develop molecular diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Espiard
- Cochin Institut, INSERM U1016, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris 75014, France; Cochin Institut, CNRS UMR8104, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris 75014, France; Paris Descartes University, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Cochin Institut, INSERM U1016, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris 75014, France; Cochin Institut, CNRS UMR8104, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris 75014, France; Paris Descartes University, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris 75006, France; Endocrinology Department, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Fg-St-Jacques, Paris F-75014, France.
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41
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Seven D, Yavuz E, Kilic E, Baltaci E, Karaman E, Ulutin T, Buyru N. DLEC1 is not silenced solely by promoter methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2015; 563:83-6. [PMID: 25746324 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Different types of genetic and epigenetic changes are associated with HNSCC. The molecular mechanisms of HNSCC carcinogenesis are still undergoing intensive investigation. The Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 (DLEC1) gene is frequently silenced by methylation in various kinds of cancer. However, there is no data in the literature investigating the DLEC1 gene in the HNSCC. Tumor tissues from 97 patients were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and DLEC1 expression levels were correlated with the methylation of the DLEC1 gene promoter. A statistically significant down-regulation was observed in tumors compared to non-cancerous tissue samples (p = 0.00). However, this down-regulation was not directly associated with hypermethylation of the promoter (p ≥ 0.05). Our results indicate that the DLEC1 gene may play an important role in the development of HNSCC. However, its down-regulation is not associated with the clinicopathological parameters and is not solely under the control of promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Seven
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Yavuz
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kilic
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Baltaci
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaman
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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42
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Ip JCY, Pang TCY, Glover AR, Soon P, Zhao JT, Clarke S, Robinson BG, Gill AJ, Sidhu SB. Immunohistochemical validation of overexpressed genes identified by global expression microarrays in adrenocortical carcinoma reveals potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Oncologist 2015; 20:247-56. [PMID: 25657202 PMCID: PMC4350804 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify novel protein signatures that would predict clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with ACC based on data from previous gene expression microarray studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tissue microarray was generated from the paraffin tissue blocks of 61 patients with clinical outcomes data. Selected protein biomarkers based on previous gene expression microarray profiling studies were selected, and immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Staining patterns were correlated with clinical outcomes, and a multivariate analysis was undertaken to identify potential biomarkers of prognosis. RESULTS Median overall survival was 45 months, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 44%. Median disease-free survival was 58 months, with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 44%. The proliferation marker Ki-67 and DNA topoisomerase TOP2A were associated with significantly poorer overall and disease-free survival. The results also showed strong correlation between the transcriptional repressor EZH2 and TOP2A expression, suggesting a novel role for EZH2 as an additional marker of prognosis. In contrast, increased expression of the BARD1 protein, with its ubiquitin ligase function, was associated with significantly improved overall and disease-free survival, which has yet to be documented for ACC. CONCLUSION We present novel biomarkers that assist in determining prognosis for patients with ACC. Ki-67, TOP2A, and EZH2 were all significantly associated with poorer outcomes, whereas BARD1 was associated with improved overall survival. It is hoped that these biomarkers may help tailor additional therapy and be potential targets for directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Y Ip
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony C Y Pang
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony R Glover
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patsy Soon
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jing Ting Zhao
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce G Robinson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Endocrine and Oncology Surgical Unit, and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, and Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
The adrenal gland consists of two distinct parts, the cortex and the medulla. Molecular mechanisms controlling differentiation and growth of the adrenal gland have been studied in detail using mouse models. Knowledge also came from investigations of genetic disorders altering adrenal development and/or function. During embryonic development, the adrenal cortex acquires a structural and functional zonation in which the adrenal cortex is divided into three different steroidogenic zones. Significant progress has been made in understanding adrenal zonation. Recent lineage tracing experiments have accumulated evidence for a centripetal differentiation of adrenocortical cells from the subcapsular area to the inner part of the adrenal cortex. Understanding of the mechanism of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) development was stimulated by knowledge of adrenal gland development. ACC is a rare cancer with a very poor overall prognosis. Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin as well as the IGF2 signaling plays an important role in ACC development. Studies examining rare genetic syndromes responsible for familial ACT have played an important role in identifying genetic alterations in these tumors (like TP53 or CTNNB1 mutations as well as IGF2 overexpression). Recently, genomic analyses of ACT have shown gene expression profiles associated with malignancy as well as chromosomal and methylation alterations in ACT and exome sequencing allowed to describe the mutational landscape of these tumors. This progress leads to a new classification of these tumors, opening new perspectives for the diagnosis and prognostication of ACT. This review summarizes current knowledge of adrenocortical development, growth, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Lalli E, Figueiredo BC. Pediatric adrenocortical tumors: what they can tell us on adrenal development and comparison with adult adrenal tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:23. [PMID: 25741319 PMCID: PMC4332354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors (ACT) in children are very rare and are most frequently diagnosed in the context of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a multiple cancer syndrome linked to germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 with loss of heterozygosity in the tumors. A peak of children ACT incidence is present in the states of southern Brazil, where they are linked to the high prevalence in the population of a specific TP53 mutation (R337H). Children ACT have specific features distinguishing them from adult tumors in their pathogenetic mechanisms, genomic profiles, and prognosis. Epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that in most cases they are derived from the fetal adrenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, Valbonne, France
- University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
- Associated International Laboratory (LIA) NEOGENEX, CNRS, Valbonne, France
- *Correspondence: Enzo Lalli, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, 660 route des Lucioles – Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France e-mail: ; Bonald C. Figueiredo, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná CEP 80250-060, Brazil e-mail:
| | - Bonald C. Figueiredo
- Associated International Laboratory (LIA) NEOGENEX, CNRS, Valbonne, France
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Enzo Lalli, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, 660 route des Lucioles – Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France e-mail: ; Bonald C. Figueiredo, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná CEP 80250-060, Brazil e-mail:
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45
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Pilon C, Rebellato A, Urbanet R, Guzzardo V, Cappellesso R, Sasano H, Fassina A, Fallo F. Methylation Status of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Promoter in Benign and Malignant Adrenal Tumors. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:375349. [PMID: 26843863 PMCID: PMC4710947 DOI: 10.1155/2015/375349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed a decreased expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA/protein in a small group of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) tissues, suggesting the loss of a protective role of VDR against malignant cell growth in this cancer type. Downregulation of VDR gene expression may result from epigenetics events, that is, methylation of cytosine nucleotide of CpG islands in VDR gene promoter. We analyzed methylation of CpG sites in the VDR gene promoter in normal adrenals and adrenocortical tumor samples. Methylation of CpG-rich 5' regions was assessed by bisulfite sequencing PCR using bisulfite-treated DNA from archival microdissected paraffin-embedded adrenocortical tissues. Three normal adrenals and 23 various adrenocortical tumor samples (15 adenomas and 8 carcinomas) were studied. Methylation in the promoter region of VDR gene was found in 3/8 ACCs, while no VDR gene methylation was observed in normal adrenals and adrenocortical adenomas. VDR mRNA and protein levels were lower in ACCs than in benign tumors, and VDR immunostaining was weak or negative in ACCs, including all 3 methylated tissue samples. The association between VDR gene promoter methylation and reduced VDR gene expression is not a rare event in ACC, suggesting that VDR epigenetic inactivation may have a role in adrenocortical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Pilon
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rebellato
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urbanet
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- *Francesco Fallo:
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46
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Analysis of methylation microarray for tissue specific detection. Gene 2014; 553:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Zhao H, Cai W, Su S, Zhi D, Lu J, Liu S. Screening genes crucial for pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma using weighted gene coexpression network analysis combined with methylation data analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:448-55. [PMID: 25257306 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel genes associated with pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the pediatric PA pathogenesis. Gene expression profile data of GSE50161 and GSE44971 and the methylation data of GSE44684 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PA and normal control samples were screened using the limma package in R, and then used to construct weighted gene coexpression network (WGCN) using the WGCN analysis (WGCNA) package in R. Significant modules of DEGs were selected using the clustering analysis. Function enrichment analysis of the DEGs in significant modules were performed using the WGCNA package and clusterprofiler package in R. Correlation between methylation sites of DEGs and PA was analyzed using the CpGassoc package in R. Totally, 3479 DEGs were screened in PA samples. Thereinto, 3424 DEGs were used to construct the WGCN. Several significant modules of DEGs were selected based on the WGCN, in which the turquoise module was positively related to PA, whereas blue module was negatively related to PA. DEGs (for example, DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2), DOCK8 and FCGR2A (Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIa)) in blue module were mainly involved in Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis pathway and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. Methylations of 14 DEGs among the top 30 genes in blue module were related to PA. Our data suggest that DOCK2, DOCK8 and FCGR2A may represent potential therapeutic targets in PA that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - S Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - D Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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48
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Delgado-Álvarez E, Fernández AF, Fernández-Morera JL, Menéndez-Torre E, Fraga MF. Epigenetic alterations in endocrine-related cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R319-30. [PMID: 24898948 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetics is a hallmark of cancer, and endocrine-related tumors are no exception. Recent research has been identifying an ever-growing number of epigenetic alterations in both genomic DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification in tumors of the endocrine system. Novel microarray and ultra-deep sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of genome-wide epigenetic patterns in some tumor types such as adrenocortical, parathyroid, and breast carcinomas. However, in other cancer types, such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and thyroid cancer, tumor information is limited to candidate genes alone. Future research should fill this gap and deepen our understanding of the functional role of these alterations in cancer, as well as defining their possible clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, SpainEndocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Juan L Fernández-Morera
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, SpainEndocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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49
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Assié G, Letouzé E, Fassnacht M, Jouinot A, Luscap W, Barreau O, Omeiri H, Rodriguez S, Perlemoine K, René-Corail F, Elarouci N, Sbiera S, Kroiss M, Allolio B, Waldmann J, Quinkler M, Mannelli M, Mantero F, Papathomas T, De Krijger R, Tabarin A, Kerlan V, Baudin E, Tissier F, Dousset B, Groussin L, Amar L, Clauser E, Bertagna X, Ragazzon B, Beuschlein F, Libé R, de Reyniès A, Bertherat J. Integrated genomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:607-12. [PMID: 24747642 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are aggressive cancers originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Despite overall poor prognosis, ACC outcome is heterogeneous. We performed exome sequencing and SNP array analysis of 45 ACCs and identified recurrent alterations in known driver genes (CTNNB1, TP53, CDKN2A, RB1 and MEN1) and in genes not previously reported in ACC (ZNRF3, DAXX, TERT and MED12), which we validated in an independent cohort of 77 ACCs. ZNRF3, encoding a cell surface E3 ubiquitin ligase, was the most frequently altered gene (21%) and is a potential new tumor suppressor gene related to the β-catenin pathway. Our integrated genomic analyses further identified two distinct molecular subgroups with opposite outcome. The C1A group of ACCs with poor outcome displayed numerous mutations and DNA methylation alterations, whereas the C1B group of ACCs with good prognosis displayed specific deregulation of two microRNA clusters. Thus, aggressive and indolent ACCs correspond to two distinct molecular entities driven by different oncogenic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Assié
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. [5]
| | - Eric Letouzé
- 1] Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France. [2]
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- 1] Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. [2] Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. [3] Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Jouinot
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Windy Luscap
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Barreau
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hanin Omeiri
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Rodriguez
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fernande René-Corail
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- 1] Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. [2] Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Allolio
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waldmann
- Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Quinkler
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Mantero
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Papathomas
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald De Krijger
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- 1] Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. [2] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kerlan
- 1] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France. [2] Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Eric Baudin
- 1] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France. [2] Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Pierre et Marie Curie Université, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Dousset
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. [5] Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- Hypertension Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Eric Clauser
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Bertagna
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. [5] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rossella Libé
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. [5] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- 1] Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France. [2]
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- 1] INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [4] Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France. [5] Rare Adrenal Cancer Network COMETE, Paris, France. [6]
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50
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Lerario AM, Moraitis A, Hammer GD. Genetics and epigenetics of adrenocortical tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 386:67-84. [PMID: 24220673 PMCID: PMC3943605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors are common neoplasms. Most are benign, nonfunctional and clinically irrelevant. However, adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis and no effective treatment apart from surgical resection. The molecular genetics of adrenocortical tumors remain poorly understood. For decades, molecular studies relied on a small number of samples and were directed to candidate-genes. This approach, based on the elucidation of the genetics of rare genetic syndromes in which adrenocortical tumors are a manifestation, has led to the discovery of major dysfunctional molecular pathways in adrenocortical tumors, such as the IGF pathway, the Wnt pathway and TP53. However, with the advent of high-throughput methodologies and the organization of international consortiums to obtain a larger number of samples and high-quality clinical data, this paradigm is rapidly changing. In the last decade, genome-wide expression profile studies, microRNA profiling and methylation profiling allowed the identification of subgroups of tumors with distinct genetic markers, molecular pathways activation patterns and clinical behavior. As a consequence, molecular classification of tumors has proven to be superior to traditional histological and clinical methods in prognosis prediction. In addition, this knowledge has also allowed the proposal of molecular-targeted approaches to provide better treatment options for advanced disease. This review aims to summarize the most relevant data on the rapidly evolving field of genetics of adrenal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Lerario
- Adrenal Disorders Unit - LIM/42, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Moraitis
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine Endocrine Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5902, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Endocrine Oncology Program, Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Health System, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 1528 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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