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Shi M, Yang S, Zhao X, Sun D, Li Y, Yang J, Li M, Cai C, Guo X, Li B, Lu C, Cao G. Effect of LncRNA LOC106505926 on myogenesis and Lipogenesis of porcine primary cells. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:530. [PMID: 38816813 PMCID: PMC11137989 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle development and fat deposition have important effects on meat quality. The study of regulating skeletal muscle development and fat deposition is of great significance in improving the quality of carcass and meat. In the present study, whole transcriptome sequencing (including RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq) was performed on the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of Jinfen White pigs at 1, 90, and 180 days of age. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 245 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in any two comparisons, which may be involved in the regulation of myogenesis. Among them, compared with 1-day-old group, miR-22-5p was significantly up-regulated in 90-day-old group and 180-day-old group. Functional studies demonstrated that miR-22-5p inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (PSCs). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LOC106505926 and CXXC5 gene had strong negative correlations with miR-22-5p. The LOC106505926 and CXXC5 were proven to promote the proliferation and differentiation of PSCs, as opposed to miR-22-5p. In terms of mechanism, LOC106505926 functions as a molecular sponge of miR-22-5p to modulate the expression of CXXC5, thereby inhibits the differentiation of PSCs. In addition, LOC106505926 regulates the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes through direct binding with FASN. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results highlight the multifaceted regulatory role of LOC106505926 in controlling skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development in pigs and provide new targets for improving the quality of livestock products by regulating skeletal muscle development and fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shi
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Shanxi Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Di Sun
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yifei Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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2
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Ma L, Wang H, Huang X, Huang H, Peng Y, Liu H, Wang X, Cao Z. CXXC5 mitigates P. gingivalis-inhibited cementogenesis by influencing mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38167023 PMCID: PMC10763120 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cementoblasts on the tooth-root surface are responsible for cementum formation (cementogenesis) and sensitive to Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation. We have previously proved transcription factor CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) participates in cementogenesis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism in which CXXC5 regulates P. gingivalis-inhibited cementogenesis from the perspective of mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS In vivo, periapical lesions were induced in mouse mandibular first molars by pulp exposure, and P. gingivalis was applied into the root canals. In vitro, a cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30) was induced cementogenesis and submitted for RNA sequencing. These cells were co-cultured with P. gingivalis and examined for osteogenic ability and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cells with stable CXXC5 overexpression were constructed by lentivirus transduction, and PGC-1α (central inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis) was down-regulated by siRNA transfection. RESULTS Periapical lesions were enlarged, and PGC-1α expression was reduced by P. gingivalis treatment. Upon apical inflammation, Cxxc5 expression decreased with Il-6 upregulation. RNA sequencing showed enhanced expression of osteogenic markers, Cxxc5, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers during cementogenesis. P. gingivalis suppressed osteogenic capacities, mitochondrial biogenesis markers, mitochondrial (mt)DNA copy number, and cellular ATP content of cementoblasts, whereas CXXC5 overexpression rescued these effects. PGC-1α knockdown dramatically impaired cementoblast differentiation, confirming the role of mitochondrial biogenesis on cementogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CXXC5 is a P. gingivalis-sensitive transcription factor that positively regulates cementogenesis by influencing PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hantao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Wang Y, Ge Y, Shan L. Zinc-finger protein CXXC5 promotes breast carcinogenesis by regulating the TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102812. [PMID: 36539038 PMCID: PMC9860500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5, a member of the CXXC family of zinc-finger proteins, is associated with numerous pathological processes. However, the pathophysiological function of CXXC5 has not been clearly established. Herein, we found that CXXC5 interacts with the CRL4B and NuRD complexes. Screening of transcriptional targets downstream of the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex by next-generation sequencing (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) revealed that the complex regulates the transcriptional repression process of a cohort of genes, including TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1), which play important roles in cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulation, and whose abnormal regulation results in the activation of programmed cell death-ligand protein 1 (PD-L1). Intriguingly, CXXC5 expression increased after stimulation with vitamin B2 but decreased after vitamin D treatment. We also found that the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex promotes the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and accelerates the growth of breast cancer in vivo. The expression of CXXC5, CUL4B, and MTA1 increased during the occurrence and development of breast cancer, and correspondingly, TSC1 expression decreased. Meanwhile, a high expression of CXXC5 was positively correlated with the histological grade of high malignancy and poor survival of patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that CXXC5-mediated TSC1 suppression activates the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reduces autophagic cell death, induces PD-L1-mediated immune suppression, and results in tumor development, shedding light on the mechanism of the pathophysiological function of CXXC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuze Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Abou-Jaoude A, Huang CY, Flores JC, Ravichandran M, Lei R, Chrysanthou S, Dawlaty MM. Idax and Rinf facilitate expression of Tet enzymes to promote neural and suppress trophectodermal programs during differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102770. [PMID: 35390758 PMCID: PMC10810145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitor of disheveled and axin (Idax) and its ortholog the Retinoid inducible nuclear factor (Rinf) are DNA binding proteins with nuclear and cytoplasmic functions. Rinf is expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) where it regulates transcription of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, promoting neural and suppressing mesendoderm/trophectoderm differentiation. Here, we find that Idax, which is not expressed in ESCs, is induced upon differentiation. Like Rinf, Idax facilitates neural and silences trophectodermal programs. Individual or combined loss of Idax and Rinf led to downregulation of neural and upregulation of trophectoderm markers during differentiation of ESCs to embryoid bodies as well as during directed differentiation of ESCs to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and trophoblast-like cells. These defects resemble those of Tet-deficient ESCs. Consistently, Tet genes are direct targets of Idax and Rinf, and loss of Idax and Rinf led to downregulation of Tet enzymes during ESC differentiation to NPCs and trophoblast-like cells. While Idax and Rinf single and double knockout (DKO) mice were viable and overtly normal, DKO embryos had reduced expression of several NPC markers in embryonic forebrains and deregulated expression of selected trophoblast markers in placentas. NPCs derived from DKO forebrains had reduced self-renewal while DKO placentas had increased junctional zone and reduced labyrinth layers. Together, our findings establish Idax and Rinf as regulators of Tet enzymes for proper differentiation of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Abou-Jaoude
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Huang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julio C Flores
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Run Lei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephanie Chrysanthou
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Meelad M Dawlaty
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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5
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Choi S, Yoon M, Choi KY. Approaches for Regenerative Healing of Cutaneous Wound with an Emphasis on Strategies Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:70-86. [PMID: 33573472 PMCID: PMC9831250 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: In adult mammals, spontaneous repair of a cutaneous wound occurs slowly and leaves a scar with skin adnexa deficiencies. To accelerate cutaneous wound-healing rates and avoid scar formation, current studies have focused on regenerative therapies. Recent Advances: Emerging therapeutics for regenerative wound healing often focus on the use of growth factors and stem cells. However, these therapeutic approaches have limited routine clinical use due to high costs and technical requirements. Critical Issue: Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways for cutaneous wound healing and neogenic synthesis of the skin components is important for identification of novel targets for the development of regenerative wound-healing agents. Future Directions: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a well-known key player for enhancement of the overall healing process involving tissue regeneration via crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Strategies that activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulation of the pathway-controlling regulatory factors could provide effective therapeutic approaches for regenerative wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minguen Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,CK Biotech, Inc., Seodaemun-Gu, Korea.,Correspondence: CK Biotech, Inc., Room 417, Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu 03722, Korea
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6
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Ayaz G, Turan G, Olgun ÇE, Kars G, Karakaya B, Yavuz K, Demiralay ÖD, Can T, Muyan M, Yaşar P. A prelude to the proximity interaction mapping of CXXC5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17587. [PMID: 34475492 PMCID: PMC8413330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the zinc-finger CXXC family proteins that interact with unmodified CpG dinucleotides through a conserved ZF-CXXC domain. CXXC5 is involved in the modulation of gene expressions that lead to alterations in diverse cellular events. However, the underlying mechanism of CXXC5-modulated gene expressions remains unclear. Proteins perform their functions in a network of proteins whose identities and amounts change spatiotemporally in response to various stimuli in a lineage-specific manner. Since CXXC5 lacks an intrinsic transcription regulatory function or enzymatic activity but is a DNA binder, CXXC5 by interacting with proteins could act as a scaffold to establish a chromatin state restrictive or permissive for transcription. To initially address this, we utilized the proximity-dependent biotinylation approach. Proximity interaction partners of CXXC5 include DNA and chromatin modifiers, transcription factors/co-regulators, and RNA processors. Of these, CXXC5 through its CXXC domain interacted with EMD, MAZ, and MeCP2. Furthermore, an interplay between CXXC5 and MeCP2 was critical for a subset of CXXC5 target gene expressions. It appears that CXXC5 may act as a nucleation factor in modulating gene expressions. Providing a prelude for CXXC5 actions, our results could also contribute to a better understanding of CXXC5-mediated cellular processes in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ayaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Gizem Turan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağla Ece Olgun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kars
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karakaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Yavuz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öykü Deniz Demiralay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Can
- Department of Computer Engineering Middle, East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesut Muyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey. .,Cansyl Laboratories, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Yaşar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.,Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Single Cell Dynamics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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7
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Yaşar P, Kars G, Yavuz K, Ayaz G, Oğuztüzün Ç, Bilgen E, Suvacı Z, Çetinkol ÖP, Can T, Muyan M. A CpG island promoter drives the CXXC5 gene expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15655. [PMID: 34341443 PMCID: PMC8329181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the zinc-finger CXXC family that binds to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. CXXC5 modulates gene expressions resulting in diverse cellular events mediated by distinct signaling pathways. However, the mechanism responsible for CXXC5 expression remains largely unknown. We found here that of the 14 annotated CXXC5 transcripts with distinct 5' untranslated regions encoding the same protein, transcript variant 2 with the highest expression level among variants represents the main transcript in cell models. The DNA segment in and at the immediate 5'-sequences of the first exon of variant 2 contains a core promoter within which multiple transcription start sites are present. Residing in a region with high G-C nucleotide content and CpG repeats, the core promoter is unmethylated, deficient in nucleosomes, and associated with active RNA polymerase-II. These findings suggest that a CpG island promoter drives CXXC5 expression. Promoter pull-down revealed the association of various transcription factors (TFs) and transcription co-regulatory proteins, as well as proteins involved in histone/chromatin, DNA, and RNA processing with the core promoter. Of the TFs, we verified that ELF1 and MAZ contribute to CXXC5 expression. Moreover, the first exon of variant 2 may contain a G-quadruplex forming region that could modulate CXXC5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Yaşar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Single Cell Dynamics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Gizem Kars
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Kerim Yavuz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Gamze Ayaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Çerağ Oğuztüzün
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ecenaz Bilgen
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Suvacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Tolga Can
- Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mesut Muyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Cansyl Laboratories, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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8
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CXXC5 orchestrates Stat3/Erk/Akt signaling networks to modulate P. gingivalis-elicited autophagy in cementoblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118923. [PMID: 33285176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) elicits inflammation and autophagy in periodontal tissues. Transcription factor CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) and various signals are sensitive to P. gingivalis invasion. Herein, we investigated the P. gingivalis-elicited autophagy activity, the contribution of CXXC5, and the involvement of signals in cementoblasts, tooth root surface cells crucial in periodontal and periapical regions. After coculture with P. gingivalis, cementoblasts exhibited inflammatory cytokine increase, light chain 3(LC3)-I/II conversion, autophagosome activation, and CXXC5 reduction. Cementoblasts with loss and gain of CXXC5 were developed. CXXC5 silencing suppressed autophagy and inflammation, thereby partially compensating for the effects of P. gingivalis, and vice versa. We then screened potential signals and verified the positive participation of Stat3/Akt/Erk networks through specific inhibitor employment. P. gingivalis and CXXC5 induced autophagy through Beclin1 and Atg5 activation. Intriguingly, Annexin V/PI assay and EdU detection revealed that P. gingivalis promoted apoptosis and repressed cell proliferation. In sum, coculture with P. gingivalis enhanced autophagy activity in cementoblasts, which was partially suppressed by CXXC5 downregulation and mediated by Jak/Stat3, PI3K-Akt, and Erk1/2 signaling. This process probably influenced cell apoptosis and proliferation.
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9
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Ravichandran M, Lei R, Tang Q, Zhao Y, Lee J, Ma L, Chrysanthou S, Lorton BM, Cvekl A, Shechter D, Zheng D, Dawlaty MM. Rinf Regulates Pluripotency Network Genes and Tet Enzymes in Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1993-2003.e5. [PMID: 31433977 PMCID: PMC6716522 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Retinoid inducible nuclear factor (Rinf), also known as CXXC5, is a nuclear protein, but its functions in the context of the chromatin are poorly defined. We find that in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), Rinf binds to the chromatin and is enriched at promoters and enhancers of Tet1, Tet2, and pluripotency genes. The Rinf-bound regions show significant overlapping occupancy of pluripotency factors Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, as well as Tet1 and Tet2. We found that Rinf forms a complex with Nanog, Oct4, Tet1, and Tet2 and facilitates their proper recruitment to regulatory regions of pluripotency and Tet genes in ESCs to positively regulate their transcription. Rinf deficiency in ESCs reduces expression of Rinf target genes, including several pluripotency factors and Tet enzymes, and causes aberrant differentiation. Together, our findings establish Rinf as a regulator of the pluripotency network genes and Tet enzymes in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Run Lei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qin Tang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joun Lee
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liyang Ma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephanie Chrysanthou
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Benjamin M Lorton
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Meelad M Dawlaty
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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10
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Chen X, Wang X, Yi L, Song Y. The KN Motif and Ankyrin Repeat Domains 1/CXXC Finger Protein 5 Axis Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation, Metastasis and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer via Wnt Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7343-7352. [PMID: 32801759 PMCID: PMC7395690 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging research indicates that CXXC finger protein 5 (CXXC5) is involved in the development of various cancers. Besides, KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1) was proved as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. Our study aimed to illustrate the functional role and mechanism of CXXC5 and KANK1 in gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis. Methods The tissues of 55 GC patients and six GC cell lines were used to investigate CXXC5 and KANK1 expression using RT-qPCR. Western blot assay was conducted to measure the protein levels of CXXC5, KANK1, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) proteins (Vimentin, E-cadherin) and Wnt signaling proteins (β-catenin, Axin2). The correlation between KANK1 and CXXC5 was estimated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The results of Transwell assays showed the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, while the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Results The expressions of CXXC5 and KANK1 were both decreased in GC tissues and cells, compared with the normal ones (P < 0.01). Overexpressing CXXC5 significantly induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) and inhibited EMT, migration (P < 0.05) and invasion (P < 0.01) in GC cells. Wnt/β-catenin/Axin2 signaling was suppressed by CXXC5 overexpression, and activating Wnt/β-catenin/Axin2 signaling reversed the effects of CXXC5. The expression of KANK1 was found to be positively correlated with CXXC5 (r2 = 0.4024). KANK1 presented similar effects with CXXC5 on GC cells; however, silencing CXXC5 or activating Wnt/β-catenin/Axin2 signaling antagonized the effects of KANK1 overexpression on EMT and apoptosis in GC (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggested that CXXC5 was downregulated in GC and participated in EMT and apoptosis regulations via the Wnt/β-catenin/Axin2 pathway. Besides, the decreased expression of CXXC5 in GC was caused by KANK1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 13000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 13000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai City, Yantai, Shandong 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 13000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Huang P, Zhou Q, Lin Q, Lin L, Wang H, Chen X, Jiang S, Fu H, Deng Y. Complement C3a induces axonal hypomyelination in the periventricular white matter through activation of WNT/β-catenin signal pathway in septic neonatal rats experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharide. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:495-514. [PMID: 31622511 PMCID: PMC8018074 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periventricular white matter (PWM) damage (PWMD) induced by neonatal sepsis. Because the complement cascade is implicated in inflammatory response, this study was carried out to determine whether C3a is involved in PWMD, and, if so, whether it would induce axonal hypomyelination. Furthermore, we explored if C3a would act through its C3a receptor (C3aR) and thence inhibit maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) via the WNT/β-catenin signal pathway. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 1 day were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg). C3a was upregulated in activated microglia and astrocytes in the PWM up to 7 days after LPS injection. Concomitantly, enhanced C3aR expression was observed in NG2+ oligodendrocytes (OLs). Myelin proteins including CNPase, PLP, MBP and MAG were significantly reduced in the PWM of 28-day septic rats. The number of PLP+ and MBP+ cells was markedly decreased. By electron microscopy, myelin sheath thickness was thinner and the average g-ratios were higher. This was coupled with an increase in number of NG2+ cells and decreased number of CC1+ cells. Olig1, Olig2 and SOX10 protein expression was significantly reduced in the PWM after LPS injection. Very strikingly, C3aRa administration for the first 7 days could reverse the above-mentioned pathological alterations in the PWM of septic rats. When incubated with C3a, expression of MBP, CNPase, PLP, MAG, Olig1, Olig2, SOX10 and CC1 in primary cultured OPCs was significantly downregulated as opposed to increased NG2. Moreover, WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway was found to be implicated in inhibition of OPCs maturation and differentiation induced by C3a in vitro. As a corollary, it is speculated that C3a in the PWM of septic rats is closely associated with the disorder of OPCs differentiation and maturation through WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, which would contribute ultimately to axonal hypomyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006GuangdongChina
| | - Qiongyu Lin
- Department of critical care medicineJieyang People's HospitalJieyang522000GuangdongChina
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
- Department of critical care medicineGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhou510317GuangdongChina
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
- Affiliated South China HospitalSourthern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital)Guangzhou510515GuangdongChina
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou5105063GuangdongChina
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006GuangdongChina
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of AnatomyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan430072HubeiChina
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and EmergencyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080GuangdongChina
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12
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Ayaz G, Razizadeh N, Yaşar P, Kars G, Kahraman DC, Saatci Ö, Şahin Ö, Çetin-Atalay R, Muyan M. CXXC5 as an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide binding protein contributes to estrogen-mediated cellular proliferation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5971. [PMID: 32249801 PMCID: PMC7136269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the CXXC type zinc finger (ZF-CXXC) protein 5 (CXXC5) is a critical regulator/integrator of various signaling pathways that include the estrogen (E2)-estrogen receptor α (ERα). Due to its ZF-CXXC domain, CXXC5 is considered to be a member of the ZF-CXXC family, which binds to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides of DNA and through enzymatic activities for DNA methylation and/or chromatin modifications generates a chromatin state critical for gene expressions. Structural/functional features of CXXC5 remain largely unknown. CXXC5, suggested as transcription and/or epigenetic factor, participates in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death. To explore the role of CXXC5 in E2-ERα mediated cellular events, we verified by generating a recombinant protein that CXXC5 is indeed an unmethylated CpG binder. We uncovered that CXXC5, although lacks a transcription activation/repression function, participates in E2-driven cellular proliferation by modulating the expression of distinct and mutual genes also regulated by E2. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of CXXC5, which correlates with mRNA and protein levels of ERα, associates with poor prognosis in ER-positive breast cancer patients. Thus, CXXC5 as an unmethylated CpG binder contributes to E2-mediated gene expressions that result in the regulation of cellular proliferation and may contribute to ER-positive breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ayaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Negin Razizadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yaşar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kars
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cansen Kahraman
- Enformatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Cansyl Laboratories, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Özge Saatci
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Özgür Şahin
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Rengül Çetin-Atalay
- Enformatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Cansyl Laboratories, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mesut Muyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey. .,Cansyl Laboratories, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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13
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Liu K, Min J. Structural Basis for the Recognition of Non-methylated DNA by the CXXC Domain. J Mol Biol 2020:S0022-2836(19)30591-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Joshi HR, Hill HR, Zhou Z, He X, Voelkerding KV, Kumánovics A. Frontline Science: Cxxc5 expression alters cell cycle and myeloid differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:469-484. [PMID: 32083332 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1hi0120-169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the CXXC-type zinc finger epigenetic regulators. Various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic roles have been assigned to CXXC5. In the present study, the role of Cxxc5 in myelopoiesis was studied using overexpression and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown in mouse early stem and progenitor cells defined as Lineage- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells. Knockdown of Cxxc5 in mouse progenitor cells reduced monocyte and increased granulocyte development in ex vivo culture systems. In addition, ex vivo differentiation and proliferation experiments demonstrated that the expression of Cxxc5 affects the cell cycle in stem/progenitor cells and myeloid cells. Flow cytometry-based analyses revealed that down-regulation of Cxxc5 leads to an increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase, whereas overexpression results in a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase. Progenitor cells proliferate more after Cxxc5 knockdown, and RNA sequencing of LSK cells, and single-cell RNA sequencing of differentiating myeloid cells showed up-regulation of genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle after Cxxc5 knockdown. These results provide novel insights into the physiologic function of Cxxc5 during hematopoiesis, and demonstrate for the first time that it plays a role in monocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant R Joshi
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Harry R Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zemin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karl V Voelkerding
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Attila Kumánovics
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Elitt CM, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Zinc homeostasis and zinc signaling in white matter development and injury. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134247. [PMID: 31059767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient that is abundant in the brain with diverse roles in development, injury, and neurological diseases. With new imaging tools and chelators selectively targeting zinc, the field of zinc biology is rapidly expanding. The importance of zinc homeostasis is now well recognized in neurodegeneration, but there is emerging data that zinc may be equally important in white matter disorders. This review provides an overview of zinc biology, including a discussion of clinical disorders of zinc deficiency, different zinc pools, zinc biomarkers, and methods for measuring zinc. It emphasizes our limited understanding of how zinc is regulated in oligodendrocytes and white matter. Gaps in knowledge about zinc transporters and zinc signaling are discussed. Zinc-induced oligodendrocyte injury pathways relevant to white matter stroke, multiple sclerosis, and white matter injury of prematurity are reviewed and examples of zinc-dependent proteins relevant to myelination highlighted. Finally, a novel ratiometric zinc sensor is reviewed, revealing new information about mobile zinc during oligodendrocyte differentiation. With a better understanding of zinc biology in oligodendrocytes, new therapeutic targets for white matter disorders may be possible and the necessary tools to appropriately study zinc are finally available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Elitt
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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16
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Transcriptional control of long-range cortical projections. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Xiong X, Tu S, Wang J, Luo S, Yan X. CXXC5: A novel regulator and coordinator of TGF-β, BMP and Wnt signaling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:740-749. [PMID: 30479059 PMCID: PMC6349197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the CXXC-type zinc-finger protein family. Proteins in this family play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation by binding to unmethylated CpG islands in gene promoters through their characteristic CXXC domain. CXXC5 is a short protein (322 amino acids in length) that does not have any catalytic domain, but is able to bind to DNA and act as a transcription factor and epigenetic factor through protein-protein interactions. Intriguingly, increasing evidence indicates that expression of the CXXC5 gene is controlled by multiple signaling pathways and a variety of transcription factors, positioning CXXC5 as an important signal integrator. In addition, CXXC5 is capable of regulating various signal transduction processes, including the TGF-β, Wnt and ATM-p53 pathways, thereby acting as a novel and crucial signaling coordinator. CXXC5 plays an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In keeping with these functions, aberrant expression or altered activity of CXXC5 has been shown to be involved in several human diseases including tumourigenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of CXXC5 as a transcription factor and signaling regulator and coordinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Yan X, Wu J, Jiang Q, Cheng H, Han JDJ, Chen YG. CXXC5 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 10:48-59. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanlong Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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19
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Ma S, Wan X, Deng Z, Shi L, Hao C, Zhou Z, Zhou C, Fang Y, Liu J, Yang J, Chen X, Li T, Zang A, Yin S, Li B, Plumas J, Chaperot L, Zhang X, Xu G, Jiang L, Shen N, Xiong S, Gao X, Zhang Y, Xiao H. Epigenetic regulator CXXC5 recruits DNA demethylase Tet2 to regulate TLR7/9-elicited IFN response in pDCs. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1471-1491. [PMID: 28416650 PMCID: PMC5413332 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ma and colleagues identify CXXC5 as an epigenetic regulator required for maintaining the hypomethylation of a subset of CGIs, thereby promoting the expression of transcriptional factors such as IRF7 in pDCs to enable robust IFN response to viral infection. TLR7/9 signals are capable of mounting massive interferon (IFN) response in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) immediately after viral infection, yet the involvement of epigenetic regulation in this process has not been documented. Here, we report that zinc finger CXXC family epigenetic regulator CXXC5 is highly expressed in pDCs, where it plays a crucial role in TLR7/9- and virus-induced IFN response. Notably, genetic ablation of CXXC5 resulted in aberrant methylation of the CpG-containing island (CGI) within the Irf7 gene and impaired IRF7 expression in steady-state pDCs. Mechanistically, CXXC5 is responsible for the recruitment of DNA demethylase Tet2 to maintain the hypomethylation of a subset of CGIs, a process coincident with active histone modifications and constitutive transcription of these CGI-containing genes. Consequently, CXXC5-deficient mice had compromised early IFN response and became highly vulnerable to infection by herpes simplex virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Together, our results identify CXXC5 as a novel epigenetic regulator for pDC-mediated antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zihou Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Congfang Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yiyuan Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Aiping Zang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Joel Plumas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Excellence Center in Molecular Cell Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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20
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Estradiol-Estrogen Receptor α Mediates the Expression of the CXXC5 Gene through the Estrogen Response Element-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37808. [PMID: 27886276 PMCID: PMC5122896 DOI: 10.1038/srep37808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2), the primary circulating estrogen hormone, mediates physiological and pathophysiological functions of breast tissue mainly through estrogen receptor α (ERα). Upon binding to E2, ERα modulates the expression of target genes involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation primarily through interactions with specific DNA sequences, estrogen response elements (EREs). Our previous microarray results suggested that E2-ERα modulates CXXC5 expression. Because of the presence of a zinc-finger CXXC domain (ZF-CXXC), CXXC5 is considered to be a member of the ZF-CXXC family, which binds to non-methylated CpG dinucleotides. Although studies are limited, CXXC5 appears to participate as a transcription factor, co-regulator and/or epigenetic factor in the regulation of cellular events induced by various signaling pathways. However, how signaling pathways mediate the expression of CXXC5 is yet unclear. Due to the importance of E2-ERα signaling in breast tissue, changes in the CXXC5 transcription/synthesis could participate in E2-mediated cellular events as well. To address these issues, we initially examined the mechanism whereby E2-ERα regulates CXXC5 expression. We show here that CXXC5 is an E2-ERα responsive gene regulated by the interaction of E2-ERα with an ERE present at a region upstream of the initial translation codon of the gene.
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