1
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Frame AK, Sinka JL, Courchesne M, Muhammad RA, Grahovac-Nemeth S, Bernards MA, Bartha R, Cumming RC. Altered neuronal lactate dehydrogenase A expression affects cognition in a sex- and age-dependent manner. iScience 2024; 27:110342. [PMID: 39055955 PMCID: PMC11269950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model posits that astrocyte-generated lactate is transported to neurons to fuel memory processes. However, neurons express high levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), the rate-limiting enzyme of lactate production, suggesting a cognitive role for neuronally generated lactate. It was hypothesized that lactate metabolism in neurons is critical for learning and memory. Here transgenic mice were generated to conditionally induce or knockout (KO) the Ldha gene in CNS neurons of adult mice. High pattern separation memory was enhanced by neuronal Ldha induction in young females, and by neuronal Ldha KO in aged females. In older mice, Ldha induction caused cognitive deficits whereas Ldha KO caused cognitive improvements. Genotype-associated cognitive changes were often only observed in one sex or oppositely in males and females. Thus, neuronal-generated lactate has sex-specific cognitive effects, is largely indispensable at young age, and may be detrimental to learning and memory with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel K. Frame
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Sinka
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marc Courchesne
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert C. Cumming
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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2
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Zhang Y, Tong L, Ma L, Ye H, Zeng S, Zhang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Bao T. Progress in The Research of Lactate Metabolism Disruption And Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300409. [PMID: 38596839 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder widely recognized for its impaired bioenergy utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in brain energy supply. Recent studies have revealed abnormal lactate metabolism in SCZ, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, gastric acid retention, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal brain iron metabolism, cerebral white matter hypermetabolic activity, and genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, astrocytes, neurons, and glutamate abnormalities are prevalent in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism, which are essential components for maintaining ANLS in the brain. Therefore, an in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ANLS in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Liang Tong
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shue Zeng
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou W, Yang X, Wang H, Yao W, Chu D, Wu F. Neuronal aerobic glycolysis exacerbates synapse loss in aging mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114590. [PMID: 37907123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain consumes nearly 20% supply of energy from glucose metabolism by oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. Less active state of glycolytic enzymes results in a limited capacity of glycolysis in the neurons of adult brain. Here we identified that Warburg effect is enhanced in hippocampal neurons during aging. As hippocampal neurons age, lactate levels progressively increase. Notably, we observed upregulated protein levels of PFKFB3 in the hippocampus of 20-month-old mice compared to young mice, and this higher PFKFB3 expression correlated with declining memory performance in aging mice. Remarkably, in aging mice, knocking down Pfkfb3 in hippocampal neurons rescued cognitive decline and synapse loss. Conversely, Pfkfb3 overexpression in hippocampal neurons led to cognitive impairment and synapse elimination, associated with heightened glycolysis. In vitro experiments with cultured primary neurons confirmed that Pfkfb3 overexpression increased glycolysis and that glycolytic inhibition could prevent apoptotic competency in neurons. These findings underscore that glycolysis in hippocampal neurons could potentially be targeted as a therapeutic avenue to mitigate cognitive decline and preserve synaptic integrity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Wang T, Zhou YQ, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhu X, Wang XY, Wang JH, Han LK, Meng J, Zhang X, Luo H, Ma QL, Wang ZX, Zhang YW. Long-term potentiation-based screening identifies neuronal PYGM as a synaptic plasticity regulator participating in Alzheimer's disease. Zool Res 2023; 44:867-881. [PMID: 37537141 PMCID: PMC10559100 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is an important pathological hallmark and cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). High-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) has been widely used to study synaptic plasticity, with impaired LTP found to be associated with AD. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity has yet to be completely elucidated. Whether genes regulating synaptic plasticity are altered in AD and contribute to disease onset also remains unclear. Herein, we induced LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region of wild-type (WT) and AD model mice by administering HFS to the CA3 region and then studied transcriptome changes in the CA1 region. We identified 89 genes that may participate in normal synaptic plasticity by screening HFS-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mice with normal LTP, and 43 genes that may contribute to synaptic dysfunction in AD by comparing HFS-induced DEGs in mice with normal LTP and AD mice with impaired LTP. We further refined the 43 genes down to 14 by screening for genes with altered expression in pathological-stage AD mice without HFS induction. Among them, we found that the expression of Pygm, which catabolizes glycogen, was also decreased in AD patients. We further demonstrated that down-regulation of PYGM in neurons impaired synaptic plasticity and cognition in WT mice, while its overexpression attenuated synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in AD mice. Moreover, we showed that PYGM directly regulated energy generation in neurons. Our study not only indicates that PYGM-mediated energy production in neurons plays an important role in synaptic function, but also provides a novel LTP-based strategy to systematically identify genes regulating synaptic plasticity under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing-Hui Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lin-Kun Han
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Brain Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Zhan-Xiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Brain Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Brain Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China. E-mail:
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5
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Szrok-Jurga S, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Czumaj A, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Role of Acyl-CoA β-Oxidation in Brain Metabolism and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13977. [PMID: 37762279 PMCID: PMC10531288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the complex role of fatty acid β-oxidation in brain metabolism. It demonstrates the fundamental importance of fatty acid degradation as a fuel in energy balance and as an essential component in lipid homeostasis, brain aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institute of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.T.); (A.H.)
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6
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Drulis‐Fajdasz D, Krzystyniak A, Puścian A, Pytyś A, Gostomska‐Pampuch K, Pudełko‐Malik N, Wiśniewski JŁ, Młynarz P, Miazek A, Wójtowicz T, Włodarczyk J, Duś‐Szachniewicz K, Gizak A, Wiśniewski JR, Rakus D. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition improves cognitive function of aged mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13928. [PMID: 37522798 PMCID: PMC10497847 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycogen breakdown blocks memory formation in young animals, but it stimulates the maintenance of the long-term potentiation, a cellular mechanism of memory formation, in hippocampal slices of old animals. Here, we report that a 2-week treatment with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor BAY U6751 alleviated memory deficits and stimulated neuroplasticity in old mice. Using the 2-Novel Object Recognition and Novel Object Location tests, we discovered that the prolonged intraperitoneal administration of BAY U6751 improved memory formation in old mice. This was accompanied by changes in morphology of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons, and by "rejuvenation" of hippocampal proteome. In contrast, in young animals, inhibition of glycogen degradation impaired memory formation; however, as in old mice, it did not alter significantly the morphology and density of cortical dendritic spines. Our findings provide evidence that prolonged inhibition of glycogen phosphorolysis improves memory formation of old animals. This could lead to the development of new strategies for treatment of age-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Krzystyniak
- Laboratory of Cell BiophysicsNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Alicja Puścian
- Nencki‐EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders – BRAINCITYNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Agata Pytyś
- Laboratory of Cell BiophysicsNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Kinga Gostomska‐Pampuch
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunochemistryWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Natalia Pudełko‐Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland
| | - Jerzy Ł. Wiśniewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland
| | - Arkadiusz Miazek
- Laboratory of Tumor ImmunologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Laboratory of Cell BiophysicsNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell BiophysicsNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Kamila Duś‐Szachniewicz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental PathologyInstitute of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of WroclawWroclawPoland
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of WroclawWroclawPoland
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7
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Tian L, Yu T. An integrated deep learning framework for the interpretation of untargeted metabolomics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad244. [PMID: 37369636 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is gaining widespread applications. The key aspects of the data analysis include modeling complex activities of the metabolic network, selecting metabolites associated with clinical outcome and finding critical metabolic pathways to reveal biological mechanisms. One of the key roadblocks in data analysis is not well-addressed, which is the problem of matching uncertainty between data features and known metabolites. Given the limitations of the experimental technology, the identities of data features cannot be directly revealed in the data. The predominant approach for mapping features to metabolites is to match the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of data features to those derived from theoretical values of known metabolites. The relationship between features and metabolites is not one-to-one since some metabolites share molecular composition, and various adduct ions can be derived from the same metabolite. This matching uncertainty causes unreliable metabolite selection and functional analysis results. Here we introduce an integrated deep learning framework for metabolomics data that take matching uncertainty into consideration. The model is devised with a gradual sparsification neural network based on the known metabolic network and the annotation relationship between features and metabolites. This architecture characterizes metabolomics data and reflects the modular structure of biological system. Three goals can be achieved simultaneously without requiring much complex inference and additional assumptions: (1) evaluate metabolite importance, (2) infer feature-metabolite matching likelihood and (3) select disease sub-networks. When applied to a COVID metabolomics dataset and an aging mouse brain dataset, our method found metabolic sub-networks that were easily interpretable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Tian
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwei Yu
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Computing, Guangdong, China
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8
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Johnson RJ, Tolan DR, Bredesen D, Nagel M, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Fini M, Burtis S, Lanaspa MA, Perlmutter D. Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:455-466. [PMID: 36774227 PMCID: PMC10196606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of survival is to assure enough food, water, and oxygen. Here, we describe a recently discovered response that favors survival in times of scarcity, and it is initiated by either ingestion or production of fructose. Unlike glucose, which is a source for immediate energy needs, fructose metabolism results in an orchestrated response to encourage food and water intake, reduce resting metabolism, stimulate fat and glycogen accumulation, and induce insulin resistance as a means to reduce metabolism and preserve glucose supply for the brain. How this survival mechanism affects brain metabolism, which in a resting human amounts to 20% of the overall energy demand, is only beginning to be understood. Here, we review and extend a previous hypothesis that this survival mechanism has a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and may account for many of the early features, including cerebral glucose hypometabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. We propose that the pathway can be engaged in multiple ways, including diets high in sugar, high glycemic carbohydrates, and salt. In summary, we propose that Alzheimer's disease may be the consequence of a maladaptation to an evolutionary-based survival pathway and what had served to enhance survival acutely becomes injurious when engaged for extensive periods. Although more studies are needed on the role of fructose metabolism and its metabolite, uric acid, in Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that both dietary and pharmacologic trials to reduce fructose exposure or block fructose metabolism should be performed to determine whether there is potential benefit in the prevention, management, or treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mehdi Fini
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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9
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Aging and memory are altered by genetically manipulating lactate dehydrogenase in the neurons or glia of flies. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:947-981. [PMID: 36849157 PMCID: PMC10008500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis posits that glial-generated lactate is transported to neurons to fuel metabolic processes required for long-term memory. Although studies in vertebrates have revealed that lactate shuttling is important for cognitive function, it is uncertain if this form of metabolic coupling is conserved in invertebrates or is influenced by age. Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) is a rate limiting enzyme that interconverts lactate and pyruvate. Here we genetically manipulated expression of Drosophila melanogaster lactate dehydrogenase (dLdh) in neurons or glia to assess the impact of altered lactate metabolism on invertebrate aging and long-term courtship memory at different ages. We also assessed survival, negative geotaxis, brain neutral lipids (the core component of lipid droplets) and brain metabolites. Both upregulation and downregulation of dLdh in neurons resulted in decreased survival and memory impairment with age. Glial downregulation of dLdh expression caused age-related memory impairment without altering survival, while upregulated glial dLdh expression lowered survival without disrupting memory. Both neuronal and glial dLdh upregulation increased neutral lipid accumulation. We provide evidence that altered lactate metabolism with age affects the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), and neutral lipid accumulation. Collectively, our findings indicate that the direct alteration of lactate metabolism in either glia or neurons affects memory and survival but only in an age-dependent manner.
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10
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Yulug B, Altay O, Li X, Hanoglu L, Cankaya S, Lam S, Velioglu HA, Yang H, Coskun E, Idil E, Nogaylar R, Ozsimsek A, Bayram C, Bolat I, Oner S, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Hacimuftuoglu A, Yildirim S, Arif M, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Nielsen J, Turkez H, Borén J, Uhlén M, Mardinoglu A. Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36703196 PMCID: PMC9879258 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with metabolic abnormalities linked to critical elements of neurodegeneration. We recently administered combined metabolic activators (CMA) to the AD rat model and observed that CMA improves the AD-associated histological parameters in the animals. CMA promotes mitochondrial fatty acid uptake from the cytosol, facilitates fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria, and alleviates oxidative stress. METHODS Here, we designed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II clinical trial and studied the effect of CMA administration on the global metabolism of AD patients. One-dose CMA included 12.35 g L-serine (61.75%), 1 g nicotinamide riboside (5%), 2.55 g N-acetyl-L-cysteine (12.75%), and 3.73 g L-carnitine tartrate (18.65%). AD patients received one dose of CMA or placebo daily during the first 28 days and twice daily between day 28 and day 84. The primary endpoint was the difference in the cognitive function and daily living activity scores between the placebo and the treatment arms. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CMA. A comprehensive plasma metabolome and proteome analysis was also performed to evaluate the efficacy of the CMA in AD patients. RESULTS We showed a significant decrease of AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score on day 84 vs day 0 (P = 0.00001, 29% improvement) in the CMA group. Moreover, there was a significant decline (P = 0.0073) in ADAS-Cog scores (improvement of cognitive functions) in the CMA compared to the placebo group in patients with higher ADAS-Cog scores. Improved cognitive functions in AD patients were supported by the relevant alterations in the hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness based on imaging analysis. Moreover, the plasma levels of proteins and metabolites associated with NAD + and glutathione metabolism were significantly improved after CMA treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that treatment of AD patients with CMA can lead to enhanced cognitive functions and improved clinical parameters associated with phenomics, metabolomics, proteomics and imaging analysis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04044131 Registered 17 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Altay
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Li
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Simon Lam
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Host-Microbiome Interaction’s, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hong Yang
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebru Coskun
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Idil
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rahim Nogaylar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bayram
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sena Oner
- grid.448691.60000 0004 0454 905XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- grid.448691.60000 0004 0454 905XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- grid.448691.60000 0004 0454 905XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Arif
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Host-Microbiome Interaction’s, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hasan Turkez
- grid.411445.10000 0001 0775 759XDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jan Borén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interaction's, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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11
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Pudelko‐Malik N, Wiśniewski J, Drulis‐Fajdasz D, Mlynarz P. Validated LC‐MS Method for the quantification of glycogenolysis phosphorylase inhibitor in mouse tissues ‐ 5‐isopropyl 4‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐2,3,5‐pyridinetricarboxylic acid ester disodium salt hydrate. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3791-3799. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pudelko‐Malik
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw 50–370 Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw 50–370 Poland
| | - Dominika Drulis‐Fajdasz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology University of Wroclaw Sienkiewicz 21 Wroclaw 50–335 Poland
| | - Piotr Mlynarz
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw 50–370 Poland
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12
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Rummel NG, Butterfield DA. Altered Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease Brain: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1289-1305. [PMID: 34416829 PMCID: PMC9229240 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer disease (AD) is an all-too-common condition in the aging population. However, aging does not automatically equal neurodegeneration and memory decline. Recent Advances: This review article involves metabolic changes in the AD brain that are related to oxidative stress. Selected pathways are identified as potential targets for intervention in AD. Critical Issues: One of the main factors of AD is the oxidative imbalance within the central nervous system, causing a disruption in metabolic processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a natural consequence of many cellular processes, especially those associated with mitochondria, such as the electron transport chain. Some ROS, when kept under control and maintained at reasonable levels, often play roles in cell signaling. The cellular damage of ROS arises when oxidative imbalance occurs, in which case ROS are not controlled, leading to a myriad of alterations in cellular metabolic processes. These altered pathways include, among others, dysfunctional glycolysis, calcium regulation, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial processes, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway dysregulation. Future Directions: Understanding how ROS can lead to these alterations can, ideally, elucidate therapeutic options for retarding AD progression in the aging population. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1289-1305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Rummel
- Department of Chemistry and University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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13
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Wang Q, Duan L, Li X, Wang Y, Guo W, Guan F, Ma S. Glucose Metabolism, Neural Cell Senescence and Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084351. [PMID: 35457168 PMCID: PMC9030802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an elderly neurodegenerative disorder with a high incidence and progressive memory decline, is one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases. To date, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully illustrated. Emerging studies have revealed that cellular senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain are the early hallmarks of AD. Moreover, cellular senescence and glucose metabolism disturbance in the brain of AD patients may precede amyloid-β deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming targeting senescent microglia and astrocytes may be a novel strategy for AD intervention and treatment. Here, we recapitulate the relationships between neural cell senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling, glucose and lactate metabolism) in AD. We then discuss the potential perspective of metabolic reprogramming towards an AD intervention, providing a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the pathogenesis of and therapeutic approach toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Linyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Xingfan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Yifu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (S.M.)
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14
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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15
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Mayorga-Weber G, Rivera FJ, Castro MA. Neuron-glia (mis)interactions in brain energy metabolism during aging. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:835-854. [PMID: 35085408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy in humans is increasing, resulting in a growing aging population, that is accompanied by an increased disposition to develop cognitive deterioration. Hypometabolism is one of the multiple factors related to inefficient brain function during aging. This review emphasizes the metabolic interactions between glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and neurons, particularly, during aging. Glial cells provide support and protection to neurons allowing adequate synaptic activity. We address metabolic coupling from the expression of transporters, availability of substrates, metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial activity. In aging, the main metabolic exchange machinery is altered with inefficient levels of nutrients and detrimental mitochondrial activity that results in high reactive oxygen species levels and reduced ATP production, generating a highly inflammatory environment that favors deregulated cell death. Here, we provide an overview of the glial-to-neuron mechanisms, from the molecular components to the cell types, emphasizing aging as the crucial risk factor for developing neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mayorga-Weber
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maite A Castro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, VA, USA
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16
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Lee JW, Profant M, Wang C. Metabolic Sex Dimorphism of the Brain at the Gene, Cell, and Tissue Level. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:212-220. [PMID: 35017210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The palpable observation in the sex bias of disease prevalence in the CNS has fascinated scientists for several generations. Brain sex dimorphism has been visualized by imaging and analytical tools at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Recent work highlighted the specificity of such sex bias in the brain and its subregions, offering a unique lens through which disease pathogenesis can be investigated. The brain is the largest consumer of energy in the body and provides a unique metabolic environment for diverse lineages of cells. Immune cells are increasingly recognized as an integral part of brain physiology, and their function depends on metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on metabolic sex dimorphism in brain tissue, resident, and infiltrating immune cells. In this context, we highlight the relevance of recent advances in metabolomics and RNA sequencing technologies at the single cell resolution and the development of novel computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Lee
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Martin Profant
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao Wang
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Gorina YV, Salmina AB, Erofeev AI, Can Z, Bolshakova AV, Balaban PM, Bezprozvanny IB, Vlasova OL. Metabolic Plasticity of Astrocytes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Sheshadri D, Onkar A, Ganesh S. Alterations in brain glycogen levels influence life-history traits and reduce the lifespan in female Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Open 2021; 10:273730. [PMID: 34817590 PMCID: PMC8689487 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in lifespan, wherein females outlive males, is evident across all animal taxa. The longevity difference between sexes is controlled by multiple physiological processes with complex relationships to one another. In recent years, glycogen, the storage form of glucose, has been shown to cause rapid aging upon forced synthesis in healthy neurons. Glycogen in the form of corpora amylacea in the aging brain is also widely reported. While these studies did suggest a novel role for glycogen in aging, most of them have focused on pooled samples, and have not looked at sex-specific effects, if any. Given the widespread occurrence of sex-biased expression of genes and the underlying physiology, it is important to look at the sex-specific effects of metabolic processes. In the present study, using transgenic fly lines for the human glycogen synthase, we investigated the sex-specific effects of glycogen on stress resistance, fitness, and survival. We demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster females with altered levels of glycogen in the brain display a shortened lifespan, increased resistance to starvation, and higher oxidative stress than male flies. The present study thus provides a novel insight into the sex-specific effect of glycogen in survival and aging and how differences in metabolic processes could contribute to sex-specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashree Sheshadri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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19
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Gerou M, Hall B, Woof R, Allsop J, Kolb SJ, Meyer K, Shaw PJ, Allen SP. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters the metabolic aging profile in patient derived fibroblasts. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:64-77. [PMID: 34044197 PMCID: PMC8346650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As metabolic alterations are a hallmark of aging and have previously been observed in ALS, it is important to examine the effect of aging in the context of ALS metabolic function. Here, using a newly established phenotypic metabolic approach, we examined the effect of aging on the metabolic profile of fibroblasts derived from ALS cases compared to controls. We found that ALS fibroblasts have an altered metabolic profile, which is influenced by age. In control cases, we found significant increases with age in NADH metabolism in the presence of several metabolites including lactic acid, trehalose, uridine and fructose, which was not recapitulated in ALS cases. Conversely, we found a reduction of NADH metabolism with age of biopsy, age of onset and age of death in the presence of glycogen in the ALS cohort. Furthermore, we found that NADH production correlated with disease progression rates in relation to a number of metabolites including inosine and α-ketoglutaric acid. Inosine or α-ketoglutaric acid supplementation in ALS fibroblasts was bioenergetically favourable. Overall, we found aging related defects in energy substrates that feed carbon into glycolysis at various points as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in ALS fibroblasts, which was validated in induced neuronal progenitor cell derived iAstrocytes. Our results suggest that supplementing those pathways may protect against age related metabolic dysfunction in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gerou
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Benjamin Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ryan Woof
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Allsop
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Centre, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- Centre for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Scott P Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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20
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Byman E, Martinsson I, Haukedal H, Gouras G, Freude KK, Wennström M. Neuronal α-amylase is important for neuronal activity and glycogenolysis and reduces in presence of amyloid beta pathology. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13433. [PMID: 34261192 PMCID: PMC8373367 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a crucial role for neuronal glycogen storage and degradation in memory formation. We have previously identified alpha-amylase (α-amylase), a glycogen degradation enzyme, located within synaptic-like structures in CA1 pyramidal neurons and shown that individuals with a high copy number variation of α-amylase perform better on the episodic memory test. We reported that neuronal α-amylase was absent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that this loss corresponded to increased AD pathology. In the current study, we verified these findings in a larger patient cohort and determined a similar reduction in α-amylase immunoreactivity in the molecular layer of hippocampus in AD patients. Next, we demonstrated reduced α-amylase concentrations in oligomer amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42 ) stimulated SH-SY5Y cells and neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) with PSEN1 mutation. Reduction of α-amylase production and activity, induced by siRNA and α-amylase inhibitor Tendamistat, respectively, was further shown to enhance glycogen load in SH-SY5Y cells. Both oligomer Aβ42 stimulated SH-SY5Y cells and hiPSC neurons with PSEN1 mutation showed, however, reduced load of glycogen. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of α-amylase within synapses of isolated primary neurons and show that inhibition of α-amylase activity with Tendamistat alters neuronal activity measured by calcium imaging. In view of these findings, we hypothesize that α-amylase has a glycogen degrading function within synapses, potentially important in memory formation. Hence, a loss of α-amylase, which can be induced by Aβ pathology, may in part underlie the disrupted memory formation seen in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Byman
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceBMC B11Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | - Gunnar Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research UnitDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceBMC B11Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Malin Wennström
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
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21
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Ge I, Kirschen GW, Wang X. Shifted Dynamics of Glucose Metabolism in the Hippocampus During Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:700306. [PMID: 34194320 PMCID: PMC8236846 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process that adversely affects brain functions such as cognition. Brain activity is highly energy consuming, with glucose serving as the main energy source under normal circumstances. Whether the dynamics of glucose metabolism change with aging is not well understood. This study sought to investigate the activity-dependent changes in glucose metabolism of the mouse hippocampus during aging. In brief, after 1 h of contextual exploration in an enriched environmental condition or 1 h in a familiar home cage condition, metabolites were measured from the hippocampus of both young adult and aged mice with metabolomic profiling. Compared to the home cage context, the enriched contextual exploration condition resulted in changes in the concentration of 11 glucose metabolism-related metabolites in the young adult hippocampus. In contrast, glucose metabolism-related metabolite changes were more apparent in the aged group altered by contextual exploration when compared to those in the home cage condition. Importantly, in the aged groups, several key metabolites involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and ketone body metabolism accumulated, suggesting the less efficient metabolization of glucose-based energy resources. Altogether, the analyses revealed that in the aged mice altered by enriched contextual exploration, the glucose resource seems to be unable to provide enough energy for hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ge
- Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, NY, United States
| | - Gregory Wohl Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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22
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Mattson MP, Jia X. Glucose metabolic crosstalk and regulation in brain function and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102089. [PMID: 34118354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen turnover, produces ATP for energetic support and provides the precursors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Although glucose metabolism in neurons and astrocytes has been extensively studied, the glucose metabolism of microglia and oligodendrocytes, and their interactions with neurons and astrocytes, remain critical to understand brain function. Brain regions with heterogeneous cell composition and cell-type-specific profiles of glucose metabolism suggest that metabolic networks within the brain are complex. Signal transduction proteins including those in the Wnt, GSK-3β, PI3K-AKT, and AMPK pathways are involved in regulating these networks. Additionally, glycolytic enzymes and metabolites, such as hexokinase 2, acetyl-CoA, and enolase 2, are implicated in the modulation of cellular function, microglial activation, glycation, and acetylation of biomolecules. Given these extensive networks, glucose metabolism dysfunction in the whole brain or specific cell types is strongly associated with neurologic pathology including ischemic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. This review characterizes the glucose metabolism networks of the brain based on molecular signaling and cellular and regional interactions, and elucidates glucose metabolism-based mechanisms of neurological diseases and therapeutic approaches that may ameliorate metabolic abnormalities in those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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23
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Gostomska-Pampuch K, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Gizak A, Wiśniewski JR, Rakus D. Absolute Proteome Analysis of Hippocampus, Cortex and Cerebellum in Aged and Young Mice Reveals Changes in Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126188. [PMID: 34201282 PMCID: PMC8229959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a general decline of cognitive functions, and it is widely accepted that this decline results from changes in the expression of proteins involved in regulation of synaptic plasticity. However, several lines of evidence have accumulated that suggest that the impaired function of the aged brain may be related to significant alterations in the energy metabolism. In the current study, we employed the label-free "Total protein approach" (TPA) method to focus on the similarities and differences in energy metabolism proteomes of young (1-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) murine brains. We quantified over 7000 proteins in each of the following three analyzed brain structures: the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive quantitative proteomic description of energy metabolism pathways during the physiological aging of mice. The analysis demonstrates that aging does not significantly affect the abundance of total proteins in the studied brain structures, however, the levels of proteins constituting energy metabolism pathways differ significantly between young and aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Drulis-Fajdasz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.-F.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.-F.); (A.G.)
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.D.-F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.W.); (D.R.)
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24
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Moaddel R, Ubaida‐Mohien C, Tanaka T, Lyashkov A, Basisty N, Schilling B, Semba RD, Franceschi C, Gorospe M, Ferrucci L. Proteomics in aging research: A roadmap to clinical, translational research. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13325. [PMID: 33730416 PMCID: PMC8045948 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of plasma proteins that systematically change with age and, independent of chronological age, predict accelerated decline of health is an expanding area of research. Circulating proteins are ideal translational "omics" since they are final effectors of physiological pathways and because physicians are accustomed to use information of plasma proteins as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and tracking the effectiveness of treatments. Recent technological advancements, including mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, multiplexed proteomic assay using modified aptamers (SOMAscan), and Proximity Extension Assay (PEA, O-Link), have allowed for the assessment of thousands of proteins in plasma or other biological matrices, which are potentially translatable into new clinical biomarkers and provide new clues about the mechanisms by which aging is associated with health deterioration and functional decline. We carried out a detailed literature search for proteomic studies performed in different matrices (plasma, serum, urine, saliva, tissues) and species using multiple platforms. Herein, we identified 232 proteins that were age-associated across studies. Enrichment analysis of the 232 age-associated proteins revealed metabolic pathways previously connected with biological aging both in animal models and in humans, most remarkably insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), cytokine signaling, Forkhead Box O (FOXO) metabolic pathways, folate metabolism, advance glycation end products (AGE), and receptor AGE (RAGE) metabolic pathway. Information on these age-relevant proteins, likely expanded and validated in longitudinal studies and examined in mechanistic studies, will be essential for patient stratification and the development of new treatments aimed at improving health expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Centre National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Biomedical Research Centre National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alexey Lyashkov
- Biomedical Research Centre National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD USA
| | | | | | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- University of Bologna and IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences Bologna Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Biomedical Research Centre National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Centre National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD USA
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25
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Rose J, Brian C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission and Redox Balance. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536682. [PMID: 33224019 PMCID: PMC7674659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.536682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), anaplerotic inputs and cataplerotic outputs, as well as carbon shuttles to neurons, which highlight the metabolic specialization of astrocytic mitochondria and its relevance to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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26
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Dynamic Variations in Brain Glycogen are Involved in Modulating Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1513-1523. [PMID: 33048310 PMCID: PMC7719152 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia severely affects the metabolites in the brain. Glycogen, principally stored in astrocytes and providing the short-term delivery of substrates to neurons, has been implicated as an affected molecule. However, whether glycogen plays a pivotal role in modulating anesthesia–arousal remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that isoflurane-anesthetized mice exhibited dynamic changes in the glycogen levels in various brain regions. Glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP), key enzymes of glycogen metabolism, showed increased activity after isoflurane exposure. Upon blocking glycogenolysis with 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (DAB), a GP antagonist, we found a prolonged time of emergence from anesthesia and an enhanced δ frequency in the EEG (electroencephalogram). In addition, augmented expression of glycogenolysis genes in glycogen phosphorylase, brain (Pygb) knock-in (PygbH11/H11) mice resulted in delayed induction of anesthesia, a shortened emergence time, and a lower ratio of EEG-δ. Our findings revealed a role of brain glycogen in regulating anesthesia–arousal, providing a potential target for modulating anesthesia.
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27
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Proteomic Profile of Mouse Brain Aging Contributions to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, DNA Oxidative Damage, Loss of Neurotrophic Factor, and Synaptic and Ribosomal Proteins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5408452. [PMID: 32587661 PMCID: PMC7301248 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5408452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of aging on the brain remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, proteomic changes of young (4-month) and aged (16-month) B6129SF2/J male mouse hippocampus and cerebral cortex were investigated by using nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS) combined with tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology. Compared with the young animals, 390 hippocampal proteins (121 increased and 269 decreased) and 258 cortical proteins (149 increased and 109 decreased) changed significantly in the aged mouse. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these proteins are mainly involved in mitochondrial functions (FIS1, DRP1), oxidative stress (PRDX6, GSTP1, and GSTM1), synapses (SYT12, GLUR2), ribosome (RPL4, RPS3), cytoskeletal integrity, transcriptional regulation, and GTPase function. The mitochondrial fission-related proteins FIS1 and DRP1 were significantly increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the aged mice. Further results in the hippocampus showed that ATP content was significantly reduced in aged mice. A neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), a protein closely related with synaptic plasticity and memory, was also significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the aged mice, with the tendency of synaptic protein markers including complexin-2, synaptophysin, GLUR2, PSD95, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR1. More interestingly, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of DNA oxidative damage, increased as shown by immunofluorescence staining. In summary, we demonstrated that aging is associated with systemic changes involving mitochondrial dysfunction, energy reduction, oxidative stress, loss of neurotrophic factor, synaptic proteins, and ribosomal proteins, as well as molecular deficits involved in various physiological/pathological processes.
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28
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Long DM, Frame AK, Reardon PN, Cumming RC, Hendrix DA, Kretzschmar D, Giebultowicz JM. Lactate dehydrogenase expression modulates longevity and neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10041-10058. [PMID: 32484787 PMCID: PMC7346061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the conversion of glycolysis-derived pyruvate to lactate. Lactate has been shown to play key roles in brain energetics and memory formation. However, lactate levels are elevated in aging and Alzheimer's disease patients, and it is not clear whether lactate plays protective or detrimental roles in these contexts. Here we show that Ldh transcript levels are elevated and cycle with diurnal rhythm in the heads of aged flies and this is associated with increased LDH protein, enzyme activity, and lactate concentrations. To understand the biological significance of increased Ldh gene expression, we genetically manipulated Ldh levels in adult neurons or glia. Overexpression of Ldh in both cell types caused a significant reduction in lifespan whereas Ldh down-regulation resulted in lifespan extension. Moreover, pan-neuronal overexpression of Ldh disrupted circadian locomotor activity rhythms and significantly increased brain neurodegeneration. In contrast, reduction of Ldh in neurons delayed age-dependent neurodegeneration. Thus, our unbiased genetic approach identified Ldh and lactate as potential modulators of aging and longevity in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani M Long
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.,Present address: Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariel K Frame
- Department of Biology, Western University of London, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert C Cumming
- Department of Biology, Western University of London, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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29
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Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase 2 Plays a Crucial Role in the Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061375. [PMID: 32492972 PMCID: PMC7349836 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a molecular basis of memory formation. Here, we demonstrate that LTP critically depends on fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (Fbp2)—a glyconeogenic enzyme and moonlighting protein protecting mitochondria against stress. We show that LTP induction regulates Fbp2 association with neuronal mitochondria and Camk2 and that the Fbp2–Camk2 interaction correlates with Camk2 autophosphorylation. Silencing of Fbp2 expression or simultaneous inhibition and tetramerization of the enzyme with a synthetic effector mimicking the action of physiological inhibitors (NAD+ and AMP) abolishes Camk2 autoactivation and blocks formation of the early phase of LTP and expression of the late phase LTP markers. Astrocyte-derived lactate reduces NAD+/NADH ratio in neurons and thus diminishes the pool of tetrameric and increases the fraction of dimeric Fbp2. We therefore hypothesize that this NAD+-level-dependent increase of the Fbp2 dimer/tetramer ratio might be a crucial mechanism in which astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle stimulates LTP formation.
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30
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Cell-to-cell lactate shuttle operates in heart and is important in age-related heart failure. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3388-3406. [PMID: 32035422 PMCID: PMC7066931 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a resemblance of a HIF-regulated heart and brain glycolytic profiles prompting the hypothesis that the classical cell-to-cell lactate shuttle observed between astrocytes and neurons operates also in heart - between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Here, we demonstrate that co-culturing of cardiomyocytes with cardiac fibroblasts leads to orchestrated changes in expression and/or localization pattern of glucose metabolism enzymes and lactate transport proteins in both cell types. These changes are regulated by paracrine signaling using microvesicle-packed and soluble factors released to the culture medium and, taken together, they concur with the cardiac lactate shuttle hypothesis. The results presented here show that similarity of heart and brain proteomes demonstrated earlier extend to physiological level and provide a theoretical rationale for designing novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of cardiomyopathies resulting from disruption of the maturation of cardiac metabolic pathways, and of heart failure associated with metabolic complications and age-related heart failure linked with extracellular matrix deposition and hypoxia.
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31
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Qi G, Mi Y, Yin F. Cellular Specificity and Inter-cellular Coordination in the Brain Bioenergetic System: Implications for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1531. [PMID: 31969828 PMCID: PMC6960098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an organ with a highly heterogenous cellular composition, the brain has a bioenergetic system that is more complex than peripheral tissues. Such complexities are not only due to the diverse bioenergetic phenotypes of a variety of cell types that differentially contribute to the metabolic profile of the brain, but also originate from the bidirectional metabolic communications and coupling across cell types. While brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial function have been extensively investigated in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, the role of various cell types and their inter-cellular communications in regulating brain metabolic and synaptic functions remains elusive. In this review, we summarize recent advances in differentiating bioenergetic phenotypes of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the context of their functional specificity, and their metabolic shifts upon aging and pathological conditions. Moreover, the metabolic coordination between the two most abundant cell populations in brain, neurons and astrocytes, is discussed regarding how they jointly establish a dynamic and responsive system to maintain brain bioenergetic homeostasis and to combat against threats such as oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and neuroinflammation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which brain cells with distinctive bioenergetic phenotypes individually and collectively shape the bioenergetic system of the brain will provide rationale for spatiotemporally precise interventions to sustain a metabolic equilibrium that is resilient against synaptic dysfunction in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yashi Mi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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32
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Kapogiannis D, Avgerinos KI. Brain glucose and ketone utilization in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:79-110. [PMID: 32739015 PMCID: PMC9989941 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To meet its high energy demands, the brain mostly utilizes glucose. However, the brain has evolved to exploit additional fuels, such as ketones, especially during prolonged fasting. With aging and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the brain becomes inefficient at utilizing glucose due to changes in glia and neurons that involve glucose transport, glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzyme activities, and insulin signaling. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have identified glucose metabolism abnormalities in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other NDDs in vivo. Despite glucose hypometabolism, brain cells can utilize ketones efficiently, thereby providing a rationale for the development of therapeutic ketogenic interventions in AD and other NDDs. This review compares available ketogenic interventions and discusses the potential of the potent oral Ketone Ester for future therapeutic use in AD and other NDDs characterized by inefficient glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Konstantinos I Avgerinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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33
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Rich LR, Harris W, Brown AM. The Role of Brain Glycogen in Supporting Physiological Function. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1176. [PMID: 31749677 PMCID: PMC6842925 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is present in the mammalian brain but occurs at concentrations so low it is unlikely to act as a conventional energy reserve. Glycogen has the intriguing feature of being located exclusively in astrocytes, but its presence benefits neurones, suggesting that glycogen is metabolized to a conduit that is transported between the glia and neural elements. In the rodent optic nerve model glycogen supports axon conduction in the form of lactate to supplement axonal metabolism during aglycemia, hypoglycemia and during periods of increased energy demand under normoglycemic conditions. In the hippocampus glycogen plays a vital role in supplying the neurones with lactate during memory formation. The physiological processes that glycogen supports, such as learning and memory, imply an inclusive and vital role in supporting physiological brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Rich
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Harris
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angus M Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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34
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Duda P, Wójcicka O, Wiśniewski JR, Rakus D. Global quantitative TPA-based proteomics of mouse brain structures reveals significant alterations in expression of proteins involved in neuronal plasticity during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1682-1697. [PMID: 30026405 PMCID: PMC6075443 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is believed to be the result of alterations of protein expression and accumulation of changes in biomolecules. Although there are numerous reports demonstrating changes in protein expression in brain during aging, only few of them describe global changes at the protein level. Here, we present the deepest quantitative proteomic analysis of three brain regions, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum, in mice aged 1 or 12 months, using the total protein approach technique. In all the brain regions, both in young and middle-aged animals, we quantitatively measured over 5,200 proteins. We found that although the total protein expression in middle-aged brain structures is practically unaffected by aging, there are significant differences between young and middle-aged mice in the expression of some receptors and signaling cascade proteins proven to be significant for learning and memory formation. Our analysis demonstrates that the hippocampus is the most variable structure during natural aging and that the first symptoms of weakening of neuronal plasticity may be observed on protein level in middle-aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-137, Poland
| | - Olga Wójcicka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-137, Poland
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-137, Poland
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35
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Fernandez CG, Hamby ME, McReynolds ML, Ray WJ. The Role of APOE4 in Disrupting the Homeostatic Functions of Astrocytes and Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:14. [PMID: 30804776 PMCID: PMC6378415 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increasing the risk of developing the disease by 3-fold in the 14% of the population that are carriers. Despite 25 years of research, the exact mechanisms underlying how APOE4 contributes to AD pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. APOE in the brain is primarily expressed by astrocytes and microglia, cell types that are now widely appreciated to play key roles in the pathogenesis of AD; thus, a picture is emerging wherein APOE4 disrupts normal glial cell biology, intersecting with changes that occur during normal aging to ultimately cause neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. This review article will summarize how APOE4 alters specific pathways in astrocytes and microglia in the context of AD and the aging brain. APOE itself, as a secreted lipoprotein without enzymatic activity, may prove challenging to directly target therapeutically in the classical sense. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the underlying pathways responsible for APOE4 toxicity is needed so that more tractable pathways and drug targets can be identified to reduce APOE4-mediated disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia G Fernandez
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute of Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary E Hamby
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute of Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Morgan L McReynolds
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute of Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William J Ray
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute of Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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36
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Hirase H, Akther S, Wang X, Oe Y. Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:923-932. [PMID: 30675919 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a limbic structure involved in the consolidation of episodic memory. In the recent decade, glycogenolysis in the rodent hippocampus has been shown critical for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Astrocytes are the primary cells that store glycogen which is subject to degradation in hypoglycemic conditions. Focused microwave application to the brain halts metabolic activities, and therefore preserves brain glycogen. Immunohistochemistry against glycogen on focused microwave-assisted brain samples is suitable for both macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glycogen distribution. Glycogen immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus showed a characteristic punctate signal pattern that depended on hippocampal layers. In particular, the hilus is the most glycogen-rich subregion of the hippocampus. Moreover, large glycogen puncta (>0.5 µm in diameter) observed in neuropil areas are organized in a patchy pattern consisting of puncta-rich and -poor astrocytes. These observations are discussed with respect to distinct hippocampal neural activity states observed in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hirase
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.,Saitama University Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonam Akther
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.,Saitama University Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Oe
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
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37
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Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L, Bobermin LD, Zanotto C, Vizuete A, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DO, Leite MC. Glycolysis-Derived Compounds From Astrocytes That Modulate Synaptic Communication. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1035. [PMID: 30728759 PMCID: PMC6351787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the concept of the tripartite synapse, we have reviewed the role of glucose-derived compounds in glycolytic pathways in astroglial cells. Glucose provides energy and substrate replenishment for brain activity, such as glutamate and lipid synthesis. In addition, glucose metabolism in the astroglial cytoplasm results in products such as lactate, methylglyoxal, and glutathione, which modulate receptors and channels in neurons. Glucose has four potential destinations in neural cells, and it is possible to propose a crossroads in “X” that can be used to describe these four destinations. Glucose-6P can be used either for glycogen synthesis or the pentose phosphate pathway on the left and right arms of the X, respectively. Fructose-6P continues through the glycolysis pathway until pyruvate is formed but can also act as the initial compound in the hexosamine pathway, representing the left and right legs of the X, respectively. We describe each glucose destination and its regulation, indicating the products of these pathways and how they can affect synaptic communication. Extracellular L-lactate, either generated from glucose or from glycogen, binds to HCAR1, a specific receptor that is abundantly localized in perivascular and post-synaptic membranes and regulates synaptic plasticity. Methylglyoxal, a product of a deviation of glycolysis, and its derivative D-lactate are also released by astrocytes and bind to GABAA receptors and HCAR1, respectively. Glutathione, in addition to its antioxidant role, also binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors in the synaptic cleft. Finally, we examined the hexosamine pathway and evaluated the effect of GlcNAc-modification on key proteins that regulate the other glucose destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Vizuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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38
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Glycogenolysis in Cerebral Cortex During Sensory Stimulation, Acute Hypoglycemia, and Exercise: Impact on Astrocytic Energetics, Aerobic Glycolysis, and Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:209-267. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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DiNuzzo M, Walls AB, Öz G, Seaquist ER, Waagepetersen HS, Bak LK, Nedergaard M, Schousboe A. State-Dependent Changes in Brain Glycogen Metabolism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:269-309. [PMID: 31667812 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of glycogen structure, concentration, polydispersity and turnover is critical to qualify the role of glycogen in the brain. These molecular and metabolic features are under the control of neuronal activity through the interdependent action of neuromodulatory tone, ionic homeostasis and availability of metabolic substrates, all variables that concur to define the state of the system. In this chapter, we briefly describe how glycogen responds to selected behavioral, nutritional, environmental, hormonal, developmental and pathological conditions. We argue that interpreting glycogen metabolism through the lens of brain state is an effective approach to establish the relevance of energetics in connecting molecular and cellular neurophysiology to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne B Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bastian C, Quinn J, Doherty C, Franke C, Faris A, Brunet S, Baltan S. Role of Brain Glycogen During Ischemia, Aging and Cell-to-Cell Interactions. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:347-361. [PMID: 31667815 PMCID: PMC11218841 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The astrocyte-neuron lactate transfer shuttle (ANLS) is one of the important metabolic systems that provides a physiological infrastructure for glia-neuronal interactions where specialized architectural organization supports the function. Perivascular astrocyte end-feet take up glucose via glucose transporter 1 to actively regulate glycogen stores, such that high ambient glucose upregulates glycogen and low levels of glucose deplete glycogen stores. A rapid breakdown of glycogen into lactate during increased neuronal activity or low glucose conditions becomes essential for maintaining axon function. However, it fails to benefit axon function during an ischemic episode in white matter (WM). Aging causes a remarkable change in astrocyte architecture characterized by thicker, larger processes oriented parallel to axons, as opposed to vertically-transposing processes. Subsequently, aging axons become more vulnerable to depleted glycogen, although aging axons can use lactate as efficiently as young axons. Lactate equally supports function during aglycemia in corpus callosum (CC), which consists of a mixture of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Moreover, axon function in CC shows greater resilience to a lack of glucose compared to optic nerve, although both WM tracts show identical recovery after aglycemic injury. Interestingly, emerging evidence implies that a lactate transport system is not exclusive to astrocytes, as oligodendrocytes support the axons they myelinate, suggesting another metabolic coupling pathway in WM. Future studies are expected to unravel the details of oligodendrocyte-axon lactate metabolic coupling to establish that all WM components metabolically cooperate and that lactate may be the universal metabolite to sustain central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthasagar Bastian
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Quinn
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine Doherty
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Franke
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anna Faris
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sylvain Brunet
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Selva Baltan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Regional Distribution of Glycogen in the Mouse Brain Visualized by Immunohistochemistry. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:147-168. [PMID: 31667808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering that the brain constantly consumes a substantial amount of energy, the nature of its energy reserve is an important issue. Although the brain is rich in lipid content encompassing membranes, myelin sheath, and astrocytic lipid droplets, it is devoid of adipose tissue which serves as an energy reserve. Notably, glycogen represents the major energy store in the brain. While glycogen has been observed mainly in astrocytes for decades by electron microscopy, glycogen distribution in the brain has only been partially documented. The involvement of glycogen metabolism in memory consolidation, demonstrated by several research groups, has reiterated the functional significance of this macromolecule and the need for description of its comprehensive distribution in the brain. The combination of focused microwave-assisted brain fixation and glycogen immunohistochemistry permits assessment of glycogen distribution in the rodent brain. In this article, we describe glycogen distribution in the mouse brain using glycogen immunohistochemistry. We find heterogeneous glycogen storage patterns at multiple spatial scales. The heterogeneous glycogen distribution patterns may underlie local energy metabolism or synaptic activity, and its mechanistic understanding should extend our knowledge on brain metabolism in health and disease.
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42
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Lakic I, Djurasevic SF, Djordjevic J, Vujovic P. Food For Thought: Short-Term Fasting Upregulates Glucose Transporters in Neurons and Endothelial Cells, But Not in Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:388-399. [PMID: 30460639 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our group previously reported that 6-h fasting increased both insulin II mRNA expression and insulin level in rat hypothalamus. Given that insulin effects on central glucose metabolism are insufficiently understood, we wanted to examine if the centrally produced insulin affects expression and/or regional distribution of glucose transporters, and glycogen stores in the hypothalamus during short-term fasting. In addition to determining the amount of total and activated insulin receptor, glucose transporters, and glycogen, we also studied distribution of insulin receptors and glucose transporters within the hypothalamus. We found that short-term fasting did not affect the astrocytic 45 kDa GLUT1 isoform, but it significantly increased the amount of endothelial 55 kDa GLUT1, and neuronal GLUT3 in the membrane fractions of hypothalamic proteins. The level of GLUT2 whose presence was detected in neurons, ependymocytes and tanycytes was also elevated. Unlike hepatic glycogen which was decreased, hypothalamic glycogen content was not changed after 6-h fasting. Our findings suggest that neurons may be given a priority over astrocytes in terms of glucose supply even during the initial phase of metabolic response to fasting. Namely, increase in glucose influx into the brain extracellular fluid and neurons by increasing the translocation of GLUT1, and GLUT3 in the cell membrane may represent the first line of defense in times of scarcity. The absence of co-localization of these membrane transporters with the activated insulin receptor suggests this process takes place in an insulin-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinisa F Djurasevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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43
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Duda P, Wiśniewski J, Wójtowicz T, Wójcicka O, Jaśkiewicz M, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Rakus D, McCubrey JA, Gizak A. Targeting GSK3 signaling as a potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:833-848. [PMID: 30244615 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1526925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is at the center of cellular signaling and controls various aspects of brain functions, including development of the nervous system, neuronal plasticity and onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Areas covered: In this review, recent efforts in elucidating the roles of GSK3 in neuronal plasticity and development of brain pathologies; Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and age-related neurodegeneration are described. The effect of microglia and astrocytes on development of the pathological states is also discussed. Expert opinion: GSK3β and its signaling pathway partners hold great promise as therapeutic target(s) for a multitude of neurological disorders. Activity of the kinase is often elevated in brain disorders. However, due to the wide range of GSK3 cellular targets, global inhibition of the kinase leads to severe side-effects and GSK3 inhibitors rarely reach Phase-2 clinical trials. Thus, a selective modulation of a specific cellular pool of GSK3 or specific down- or upstream partners of the kinase might provide more efficient anti-neurodegenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Wiśniewski
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Olga Wójcicka
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Michał Jaśkiewicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dominika Drulis-Fajdasz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Drulis‐Fajdasz D, Gizak A, Wójtowicz T, Wiśniewski JR, Rakus D. Aging-associated changes in hippocampal glycogen metabolism in mice. Evidence for and against astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle. Glia 2018; 66:1481-1495. [PMID: 29493012 PMCID: PMC6001795 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactate derived from astrocytic glycogen has been shown to support memory formation in hippocampi of young animals, inhibiting it in old animals. Here we show, using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, immunofluorescence, and qPCR that aging is associated with an increase of glycogen metabolism enzymes concentration and shift in their localization from astrocytes to neurons. These changes are accompanied with reorganization of hippocampal energy metabolism which is manifested by elevated capacity of aging neurons to oxidize glucose in glycolysis and mitochondria, and decreased ability for fatty acids utilization. Our observations suggest that astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle may operate in young hippocampi, however, during aging neurons become independent on astrocytic lactate and the metabolic crosstalk between the brain's cells is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Drulis‐Fajdasz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21Wroclaw50‐335Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21Wroclaw50‐335Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21Wroclaw50‐335Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax‐Planck‐Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18Martinsried82152Germany
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21Wroclaw50‐335Poland
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