1
|
Salerno JA, Rehen S. Human pluripotent stem cells as a translational toolkit in psychedelic research in vitro. iScience 2024; 27:109631. [PMID: 38628967 PMCID: PMC11019282 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychedelics, recognized for their impact on perception, are resurging as promising treatments with rapid onset for mood and substance use disorders. Despite increasing evidence from clinical trials, questions persist about the cellular and molecular mechanisms and their precise correlation with treatment outcomes. Murine neurons and immortalized non-neural cell lines harboring overexpressed constructs have shed light on neuroplastic changes mediated by the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) as the primary mechanism. However, limitations exist in capturing human- and disease-specific traits. Here, we discuss current accomplishments and prospects for incorporating human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to complement these models. PSCs can differentiate into various brain cell types, mirroring endogenous expression patterns and cell identities to recreate disease phenotypes. Brain organoids derived from PSCs resemble cell diversity and patterning, while region-specific organoids simulate circuit-level phenotypes. PSC-based models hold significant promise to illuminate the cellular and molecular substrates of psychedelic-induced phenotypic recovery in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alexandre Salerno
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Usona Institute, Fitchburg, WI, USA
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Albizzati E, Breccia M, Florio E, Cabasino C, Postogna FM, Grassi R, Boda E, Battaglia C, De Palma C, De Quattro C, Pozzi D, Landsberger N, Frasca A. Mecp2 knock-out astrocytes affect synaptogenesis by interleukin 6 dependent mechanisms. iScience 2024; 27:109296. [PMID: 38469559 PMCID: PMC10926209 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a hallmark of several neurological diseases, and clarification of the underlying mechanisms represents a crucial step toward the development of therapeutic strategies. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly affecting females, caused by mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene, leading to a deep derangement of synaptic connectivity. Although initial studies supported the exclusive involvement of neurons, recent data have highlighted the pivotal contribution of astrocytes in RTT pathogenesis through non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Since astrocytes regulate synapse formation and functionality by releasing multiple molecules, we investigated the influence of soluble factors secreted by Mecp2 knock-out (KO) astrocytes on synapses. We found that Mecp2 deficiency in astrocytes negatively affects their ability to support synaptogenesis by releasing synaptotoxic molecules. Notably, neuronal inputs from a dysfunctional astrocyte-neuron crosstalk lead KO astrocytes to aberrantly express IL-6, and blocking IL-6 activity prevents synaptic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Albizzati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Breccia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Florio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cabasino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maddalena Postogna
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Grassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Boda
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta De Quattro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelisa Frasca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pk N, Rajan RK, Nanchappan V, Karuppaiah A, Chandrasekaran J, Jayaraman S, Gunasekaran V. C-Glucosyl Xanthone derivative Mangiferin downregulates the JNK3 mediated caspase activation in Almal induced neurotoxicity in differentiated SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:707-718. [PMID: 37455591 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2237106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-Glucosyl Xanthone derivatives were assessed to inhibit the JNK3 mediated Caspase pathway in Almal (Aluminum Maltolate) induced neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. METHODS Mangiferin was selected among 200 C-Glucosyl Xanthones based on molecular interaction, docking score (-10.22 kcal/mol), binding free energy (-71.12 kcal/mol), ADME/tox properties and by molecular dynamic studies. Further, it was noticed that glycone moiety of Mangiferin forms H-bond with ASN 194, SER 193, GLY 76, and OH group in the first position of the aglycone moiety shows interaction at Met 149 which is exceptionally crucial for JNK3 inhibitory activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mangiferin (0.5, 1, 10, 20 and 30 µM) and standard SP600125 (20 µM) treatment increased the cell survival rate against Almal 200 µM, with EC50 of Mangiferin (8 µM) and standard SP600125 (4.9 µM) respectively. Mangiferin significantly impedes kinase activation, indicating suppression of JNK3 signaling with IC50 (98.26 nM). Mangiferin (10 and 15 µM) dose-dependently inhibits the caspase 3, 8, and 9 enzyme activation in comparison to Almal group. CONCLUSION Mangiferin demonstrated neuroprotection in SHSY-5Y cells against apoptosis induced by Almal by adapting the architecture of the neurons and increasing their density. Among all Xanthone derivatives, Mangiferin could improve neuronal toxicity by inhibiting JNK3 and down-regulating the Caspase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafila Pk
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tezpur, India
| | | | - Arjunan Karuppaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University) Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Jayaraman
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li T, Zhao L, Li Y, Dang M, Lu J, Lu Z, Huang Q, Yang Y, Feng Y, Wang X, Jian Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Fan S, Wu S, Fan H, Kuang F, Zhang G. PPM1K mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acid and regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating ferroptosis in neurons. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:634. [PMID: 37752100 PMCID: PMC10522625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion, accounting for approximately 87% of strokes. Clinically, the most effective therapy for ischemic stroke is vascular recanalization, which aims to rescue neurons undergoing ischemic insults. Although reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke, it still has limited benefits for many patients, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a widely recognized cause of poor prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism of protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 K (PPM1K) mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by promoting fatty acid oxidation led to ferroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. We established the I/R model in mice and used BT2, a highly specific BCAA dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor to promote BCAA metabolism. It was further verified by lentivirus knocking down PPM1K in neurons. We found that BCAA levels were elevated after I/R injury due to dysfunctional oxidative degradation caused by phosphorylated BCKD E1α subunit (BCKDHA). Additionally, the level of phosphorylated BCKDHA was determined by decreased PPM1K in neurons. We next demonstrated that BCAA could induce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in vitro. Our results further showed that BT2 could reduce neuronal ferroptosis by enhancing BCAA oxidation through inhibition of BCKDHA phosphorylation. We further found that defective BCAA catabolism could induce neuronal ferroptosis by PPM1K knockdown. Furthermore, BT2 was found to alleviate neurological behavior disorders after I/R injury in mice, and the effect was similar to ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Our findings reveal a novel role of BCAA in neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia and provide a new potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Ruiter Swain J, Michalopoulou E, Noch EK, Lukey MJ, Van Aelst L. Metabolic partitioning in the brain and its hijacking by glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2023; 37:681-702. [PMID: 37648371 PMCID: PMC10546978 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350693.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The different cell types in the brain have highly specialized roles with unique metabolic requirements. Normal brain function requires the coordinated partitioning of metabolic pathways between these cells, such as in the neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycle. An emerging theme in glioblastoma (GBM) biology is that malignant cells integrate into or "hijack" brain metabolism, co-opting neurons and glia for the supply of nutrients and recycling of waste products. Moreover, GBM cells communicate via signaling metabolites in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and induce immune suppression. Recent findings in this field point toward new therapeutic strategies to target the metabolic exchange processes that fuel tumorigenesis and suppress the anticancer immune response in GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the intercellular division of metabolic labor that occurs in both the normal brain and the GBM tumor microenvironment and then discuss the implications of these interactions for GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed de Ruiter Swain
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | - Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez-Sala D, Pajares MA. Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098059. [PMID: 37175763 PMCID: PMC10179008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and intercellular transfer of glutathione or its precursors may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, a common hallmark of neurodegeneration. In the 1990s, several studies in the Neurobiology field led to the widely accepted notion that astrocytes produce large amounts of glutathione that serve to feed neurons with precursors for glutathione synthesis. This assumption has important implications for health and disease since a reduction in this supply from astrocytes could compromise the capacity of neurons to cope with oxidative stress. However, at first glance, this shuttling would imply a large energy expenditure to get to the same point in a nearby cell. Thus, are there additional underlying reasons for this expensive mechanism? Are neurons unable to import and/or synthesize the three non-essential amino acids that are the glutathione building blocks? The rather oxidizing extracellular environment favors the presence of cysteine (Cys) as cystine (Cis), less favorable for neuronal import. Therefore, it has also been proposed that astrocytic GSH efflux could induce a change in the redox status of the extracellular space nearby the neurons, locally lowering the Cis/Cys ratio. This astrocytic glutathione release would also increase their demand for precursors, stimulating Cis uptake, which these cells can import, further impacting the local decline of the Cis/Cys ratio, in turn, contributing to a more reduced extracellular environment and subsequently favoring neuronal Cys import. Here, we revisit the experimental evidence that led to the accepted hypothesis of astrocytes acting as suppliers of neuronal glutathione precursors, considering recent data from the Human Protein Atlas. In addition, we highlight some potential drawbacks of this hypothesis, mainly supported by heterogeneous cellular models. Finally, we outline additional and more cost-efficient possibilities by which astrocytes could support neuronal glutathione levels, including its shuttling in extracellular vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun J, Osenberg S, Irwin A, Ma LH, Lee N, Xiang Y, Li F, Wan YW, Park IH, Maletic-Savatic M, Ballas N. Mutations in the transcriptional regulator MeCP2 severely impact key cellular and molecular signatures of human astrocytes during maturation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111942. [PMID: 36640327 PMCID: PMC10857774 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MECP2 gene underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, most commonly Rett syndrome (RTT). We ask whether MECP2 mutations interfere with human astrocyte developmental maturation, thereby affecting their ability to support neurons. Using human-based models, we show that RTT-causing MECP2 mutations greatly impact the key role of astrocytes in regulating overall brain bioenergetics and that these metabolic aberrations are likely mediated by dysfunctional mitochondria. During post-natal maturation, astrocytes rely on neurons to induce their complex stellate morphology and transcriptional changes. While MECP2 mutations cause cell-intrinsic aberrations in the astrocyte transcriptional landscape, surprisingly, they do not affect the neuron-induced astrocyte gene expression. Notably, however, astrocytes are unable to develop complex mature morphology due to cell- and non-cell-autonomous aberrations caused by MECP2 mutations. Thus, MECP2 mutations critically impact key cellular and molecular features of human astrocytes and, hence, their ability to interact and support the structural and functional maturation of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Sivan Osenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Austin Irwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Li-Hua Ma
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nigel Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nurit Ballas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Kaang BK. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor in astrocytic synaptic communication. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 14:1059918. [PMID: 36685081 PMCID: PMC9845270 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1059918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are known to actively participate in synaptic communication by forming structures called tripartite synapses. These synapses consist of presynaptic axon terminals, postsynaptic dendritic spines, and astrocytic processes where astrocytes release and receive transmitters. Although the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) has been actively studied as an important factor for mediating synaptic activity-induced responses in neurons, its role in astrocytes is relatively unknown. Synaptic signals are known to activate various downstream pathways in astrocytes, which can activate the CREB transcription factor. Therefore, there is a need to summarize studies on astrocytic intracellular pathways that are induced by synaptic communication resulting in activation of the CREB pathway. In this review, we discuss the various neurotransmitter receptors and intracellular pathways that can induce CREB activation and CREB-induced gene regulation in astrocytes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li T, Wang X, Zhao L, Yang X, Dang M, Li Y, Wu Y, Lu Z, Lu J, Jian Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Lu X, Shen Z, Fan H, Cai W, Zhang G. Detection of acute ischemic stroke and backtracking stroke onset time via machine learning analysis of metabolomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113641. [PMID: 36088854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The time window from stroke onset is critical for the treatment decision. However, in unknown onset stroke, it is often difficult to determine the exact onset time because of the lack of assessment methods, which can result in controversial and random treatment decisions. Previous studies have shown that serum biomarkers, in addition to imaging assessment, are useful for determining the stroke onset time. However, as yet there are no specific biomarkers or corresponding methodologies that are accurate and effective for determining the onset time of unknown onset stroke. Herein, we describe our novel advanced metabolites-based machine learning method (termed extreme gradient boost [XGBoost]) combined with recursive feature elimination, which accurately screened five metabolites from 1124 metabolites detected in serum. These metabolites were capable of both detecting acute ischemic stroke and backtracking the acute ischemic stroke onset time. To further investigate the pathological mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke, we also examined characteristic metabolites in different brain regions, and found two metabolites that could distinguish the core infarct area from the ischemic penumbra. Although this study is based on animal experiments, our machine learning framework and selected metabolites may provide a basis for clinical stroke evaluation and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dayu Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, United States
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Shen
- Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0295, United States.
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Becker-Krail DD, Ketchesin KD, Burns JN, Zong W, Hildebrand MA, DePoy LM, Vadnie CA, Tseng GC, Logan RW, Huang YH, McClung CA. Astrocyte Molecular Clock Function in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Important for Reward-Related Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:68-80. [PMID: 35461698 PMCID: PMC9232937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders are associated with disruptions in circadian rhythms. Both human and animal work have shown the integral role for circadian clocks in the modulation of reward behaviors. Astrocytes have emerged as key regulators of circadian rhythmicity. However, no studies to date have identified the role of circadian astrocyte function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a hub for reward regulation, or determined the importance of these rhythms for reward-related behavior. METHODS Using astrocyte-specific RNA sequencing across time of day, we first characterized diurnal variation of the NAc astrocyte transcriptome. We then investigated the functional significance of this circadian regulation through viral-mediated disruption of molecular clock function in NAc astrocytes, followed by assessment of reward-related behaviors, metabolic-related molecular assays, and whole-cell electrophysiology in the NAc. RESULTS Strikingly, approximately 43% of the astrocyte transcriptome has a diurnal rhythm, and key metabolic pathways were enriched among the top rhythmic genes. Moreover, mice with a viral-mediated loss of molecular clock function in NAc astrocytes show a significant increase in locomotor response to novelty, exploratory drive, operant food self-administration, and motivation. At the molecular level, these animals also show disrupted metabolic gene expression, along with significant downregulation of both lactate and glutathione levels in the NAc. Loss of NAc astrocyte clock function also significantly altered glutamatergic signaling onto neighboring medium spiny neurons, alongside upregulated glutamate-related gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel role for astrocyte circadian molecular clock function in the regulation of the NAc and reward-related behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle D Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer N Burns
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren M DePoy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chelsea A Vadnie
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Changing Perspectives from Oxidative Stress to Redox Signaling-Extracellular Redox Control in Translational Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061181. [PMID: 35740078 PMCID: PMC9228063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has changed the understanding of oxidative stress that has been linked to every major disease. Today we distinguish oxidative eu- and distress, acknowledging that redox modifications are crucial for signal transduction in the form of specific thiol switches. Long underestimated, reactive species and redox proteins of the Thioredoxin (Trx) family are indeed essential for physiological processes. Moreover, extracellular redox proteins, low molecular weight thiols and thiol switches affect signal transduction and cell–cell communication. Here, we highlight the impact of extracellular redox regulation for health, intermediate pathophenotypes and disease. Of note, recent advances allow the analysis of redox changes in body fluids without using invasive and expensive techniques. With this new knowledge in redox biochemistry, translational strategies can lead to innovative new preventive and diagnostic tools and treatments in life sciences and medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Segura-Aguilar J, Mannervik B, Inzunza J, Varshney M, Nalvarte I, Muñoz P. Astrocytes protect dopaminergic neurons against aminochrome neurotoxicity. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1861-1866. [PMID: 35142659 PMCID: PMC8848618 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes protect neurons by modulating neuronal function and survival. Astrocytes support neurons in several ways. They provide energy through the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, protect neurons from excitotoxicity, and internalize neuronal lipid droplets to degrade fatty acids for neuronal metabolic and synaptic support, as well as by their high capacity for glutamate uptake and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine. A recent reported astrocyte system for protection of dopamine neurons against the neurotoxic products of dopamine, such as aminochrome and other o-quinones, were generated under neuromelanin synthesis by oxidizing dopamine catechol structure. Astrocytes secrete glutathione transferase M2-2 through exosomes that transport this enzyme into dopaminergic neurons to protect these neurons against aminochrome neurotoxicity. The role of this new astrocyte protective mechanism in Parkinson´s disease is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bengt Mannervik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ICBM Faculty of Medicine University of Chile; Nucleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schrier MS, Zhang Y, Trivedi MS, Deth RC. Decreased cortical Nrf2 gene expression in autism and its relationship to thiol and cobalamin status. Biochimie 2021; 192:1-12. [PMID: 34517051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) promotes expression of a large number of antioxidant genes and multiple studies have described oxidative stress and impaired methylation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including decreased brain levels of methylcobalamin(III) (MeCbl). Here we report decreased expression of the Nrf2 gene (NFE2L2) in frontal cortex of ASD subjects, as well as differences in other genes involved in redox homeostasis. In pooled control and ASD correlation analyses, hydroxocobalamin(III) (OHCbl) was inversely correlated with NFE2L2 expression, while MeCbl and total cobalamin abundance were positively correlated with NFE2L2 expression. Levels of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and cystathionine were positively correlated with NFE2L2 expression, while homocysteine (HCY) was negatively correlated. The relationship between Nrf2 activity and cobalamin was further supported by a bioinformatics-based comparison of cobalamin levels in different tissues with expression of a panel of 40 Nrf2-regulated genes, which yielded a strong correlation. Lastly, Nrf2-regulated gene expression was also correlated with expression of intracellular cobalamin trafficking and processing genes, such as MMADHC and MTRR. These findings highlight a previously unrecognized relationship between the antioxidant-promoting role of Nrf2 and cobalamin status, which is dysfunctional in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scott Schrier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Biologics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Malav Suchin Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Richard Carlton Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hart CG, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Recent insights on astrocyte mechanisms in CNS homeostasis, pathology, and repair. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2427-2462. [PMID: 34259342 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play essential roles in development, homeostasis, injury, and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). Their development is tightly regulated by distinct spatial and temporal cues during embryogenesis and into adulthood throughout the CNS. Astrocytes have several important responsibilities such as regulating blood flow and permeability of the blood-CNS barrier, glucose metabolism and storage, synapse formation and function, and axon myelination. In CNS pathologies, astrocytes also play critical parts in both injury and repair mechanisms. Upon injury, they undergo a robust phenotypic shift known as "reactive astrogliosis," which results in both constructive and deleterious outcomes. Astrocyte activation and migration at the site of injury provides an early defense mechanism to minimize the extent of injury by enveloping the lesion area. However, astrogliosis also contributes to the inhibitory microenvironment of CNS injury and potentiate secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity, which facilitate neurodegeneration in CNS pathologies. Intriguingly, reactive astrocytes are increasingly a focus in current therapeutic strategies as their activation can be modulated toward a neuroprotective and reparative phenotype. This review will discuss recent advancements in knowledge regarding the development and role of astrocytes in the healthy and pathological CNS. We will also review how astrocytes have been genetically modified to optimize their reparative potential after injury, and how they may be transdifferentiated into neurons and oligodendrocytes to promote repair after CNS injury and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maria YL, Price AN, Puts NAJ, Hughes EJ, Edden RAE, McAlonan GM, Arichi T, De Vita E. Simultaneous quantification of GABA, Glx and GSH in the neonatal human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117930. [PMID: 33711485 PMCID: PMC8204265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter systems and the protective role of the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are central to early healthy brain development. Disruption has been implicated in the early life pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions including Autism Spectrum Disorder. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods such as HERMES have great potential for providing important new non-invasive insights into these crucial processes in human infancy. In this work, we describe a systematic approach to minimise the impact of specific technical challenges inherent to acquiring MRS data in a neonatal population, including automatic segmentation, full tissue-correction and optimised GABA+ fitting and consider the minimum requirements for a robust edited-MRS acquisition. With this approach we report for the first time simultaneous GABA+, Glx (glutamate + glutamine) and GSH concentrations in the neonatal brain (n = 18) in two distinct regions (thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) using edited MRS at 3T. The improved sensitivity provided by our method allows specific regional neurochemical differences to be identified including: significantly lower Glx and GSH ratios to total creatine in the thalamus compared to the ACC (p < 0.001 for both), and significantly higher GSH levels in the ACC following tissue-correction (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in contrast to adult GABA+ which can typically be accurately fitted with a single peak, all neonate spectra displayed a characteristic doublet GABA+ peak at 3 ppm, indicating a lower macromolecule (MM) contribution to the 3 ppm signal in neonates. Relatively high group-level variance shows the need to maximise voxel size/acquisition time in edited neonatal MRS acquisitions for robust estimation of metabolites. Application of this method to study how these levels and balance are altered by early-life brain injury or genetic risk can provide important new knowledge about the pathophysiology underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanez Lopez Maria
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer J Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Grainne M McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR-Maudsley Biomedical Research, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth Wing, 3rd Floor, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol, and plays crucial roles in the antioxidant defense system and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in neurons. GSH depletion in the brain is a common finding in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and can cause neurodegeneration prior to disease onset. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a sodium-dependent glutamate/cysteine transporter that is selectively present in neurons, plays a central role in the regulation of neuronal GSH production. The expression of EAAC1 is posttranslationally controlled by the glutamate transporter-associated protein 3–18 (GTRAP3-18) or miR-96-5p in neurons. The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production and its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ding ZB, Song LJ, Wang Q, Kumar G, Yan YQ, Ma CG. Astrocytes: a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1702-1710. [PMID: 33510058 PMCID: PMC8328766 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play multifaceted and vital roles in maintaining neurophysiological function of the central nervous system by regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity, and sustaining neuroprotective effects. Astrocytes become activated as a result of inflammatory responses during the progression of pathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Reactive astrocytes (neurotoxic A1 and neuroprotective A2) are triggered during disease progression and pathogenesis due to neuroinflammation and ischemia. However, only a limited body of literature describes morphological and functional changes of astrocytes during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review investigated the detrimental and beneficial roles of astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases reported in recent studies, as these cells have promising therapeutic potential and offer new approaches for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan; Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan; Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of glial versus neuronal Dube3a overexpression reveals common molecular changes in gliopathic epilepsies. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104879. [PMID: 32344153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects millions of individuals worldwide and many cases are pharmacoresistant. Duplication 15q syndrome (Dup15q) is a genetic disorder caused by duplications of the 15q11.2-q13.1 region. Phenotypes include a high rate of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We developed a Dup15q model in Drosophila melanogaster that recapitulates seizures in Dup15q by over-expressing fly Dube3a or human UBE3A in glial cells, but not neurons, implicating glia in the Dup15q epilepsy phenotype. We compared Dube3a overexpression in glia (repo>Dube3a) versus neurons (elav>Dube3a) using transcriptomics and proteomics of whole fly head extracts. We identified 851 transcripts differentially regulated in repo>Dube3a, including an upregulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes that occurred cell autonomously within glial cells. We reliably measured approximately 2,500 proteins by proteomics, most of which were also quantified at the transcript level. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of 21 synaptic transmission genes downregulated at the transcript and protein in repo>Dube3a indicating synaptic proteins change in a cell non-autonomous manner in repo>Dube3a flies. We identified 6 additional glia originating bang-sensitive seizure lines and found upregulation of GSTs in 4 out of these 6 lines. These data suggest GST upregulation is common among gliopathic seizures and may ultimately provide insight for treating epilepsy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hagenston AM, Bading H, Bas-Orth C. Functional Consequences of Calcium-Dependent Synapse-to-Nucleus Communication: Focus on Transcription-Dependent Metabolic Plasticity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035287. [PMID: 31570333 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, calcium signals play a major role in the conversion of synaptic stimuli into transcriptional responses. Signal-regulated gene transcription is fundamental for a range of long-lasting adaptive brain functions that include learning and memory, structural plasticity of neurites and synapses, acquired neuroprotection, chronic pain, and addiction. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms governing calcium-dependent transcriptional regulation associated with central nervous system plasticity. We focus on recent advances in the field of synapse-to-nucleus communication that include studies of the signal-regulated transcriptome in human neurons, identification of novel regulatory mechanisms such as activity-induced DNA double-strand breaks, and the identification of novel forms of activity- and transcription-dependent adaptations, in particular, metabolic plasticity. We summarize the reciprocal interactions between different kinds of neuroadaptations and highlight the emerging role of activity-regulated epigenetic modifiers in gating the inducibility of signal-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rabenstein M, Vay SU, Blaschke S, Walter HL, Ladwig A, Fink GR, Rueger MA, Schroeter M. Crosstalk between stressed brain cells: direct and indirect effects of ischemia and aglycemia on microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 31980036 PMCID: PMC6982395 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In cerebral ischemia, microglia have a dichotomous role in keeping the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to avoid deleterious chronic inflammation and to leverage repair processes. Methods We examined functional and inflammatory markers in primary rat microglia in vitro after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or glucose deprivation (aglycemia). We then investigated the preconditioning effect of OGD or aglycemia upon a subsequent strong inflammatory stimulus, here lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Moreover, an “in vitro brain model” of neurons and glia, differentiated from primary rat neural stem cells, was exposed to OGD or aglycemia. Conditioned medium (CM) of this neuronal/glial co-culture was then used to condition microglia, followed by LPS as a “second hit.” Results OGD or aglycemia at sublethal doses did not significantly affect microglia function, including the expression of inflammatory markers. However, preconditioning with either OGD or aglycemia led to a decreased pro-inflammatory response to a subsequent stimulus with LPS. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory markers IGF-1 and IL-10 were additionally reduced after such preconditioning, while expression of CD206 remained unaffected. Treatment with CM from the neuronal/glial co-culture alone did not affect the expression of inflammatory markers in microglia. In contrast, treatment with CM increased the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in microglia upon a second hit with LPS. Interestingly, this effect could be attenuated in microglia treated with CM from neuronal/glia co-cultures preconditioned with OGD or aglycemia. Conclusions Data suggest specific and distinct microglia signatures in response to metabolic stress. While metabolic stress directly and indirectly applied to microglia did not mitigate their subsequent response to inflammation, preconditioning with metabolic stress factors such as OGD and aglycemia elicited a decreased inflammatory response to a subsequent inflammation stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulrike Vay
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Research Centre Juelich, Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Helene Luise Walter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Ladwig
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Research Centre Juelich, Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Research Centre Juelich, Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. .,Research Centre Juelich, Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L, Bobermin LD, Zanotto C, Vizuete A, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DO, Leite MC. Glycolysis-Derived Compounds From Astrocytes That Modulate Synaptic Communication. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1035. [PMID: 30728759 PMCID: PMC6351787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the concept of the tripartite synapse, we have reviewed the role of glucose-derived compounds in glycolytic pathways in astroglial cells. Glucose provides energy and substrate replenishment for brain activity, such as glutamate and lipid synthesis. In addition, glucose metabolism in the astroglial cytoplasm results in products such as lactate, methylglyoxal, and glutathione, which modulate receptors and channels in neurons. Glucose has four potential destinations in neural cells, and it is possible to propose a crossroads in “X” that can be used to describe these four destinations. Glucose-6P can be used either for glycogen synthesis or the pentose phosphate pathway on the left and right arms of the X, respectively. Fructose-6P continues through the glycolysis pathway until pyruvate is formed but can also act as the initial compound in the hexosamine pathway, representing the left and right legs of the X, respectively. We describe each glucose destination and its regulation, indicating the products of these pathways and how they can affect synaptic communication. Extracellular L-lactate, either generated from glucose or from glycogen, binds to HCAR1, a specific receptor that is abundantly localized in perivascular and post-synaptic membranes and regulates synaptic plasticity. Methylglyoxal, a product of a deviation of glycolysis, and its derivative D-lactate are also released by astrocytes and bind to GABAA receptors and HCAR1, respectively. Glutathione, in addition to its antioxidant role, also binds to ionotropic glutamate receptors in the synaptic cleft. Finally, we examined the hexosamine pathway and evaluated the effect of GlcNAc-modification on key proteins that regulate the other glucose destinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Vizuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|