1
|
Tao Y, Yuan J, Zhou H, Li Z, Yao X, Wu H, Shi H, Huang F, Wu X. Antidepressant potential of total flavonoids from Astragalus in a chronic stress mouse model: Implications for myelination and Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis modulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117846. [PMID: 38301982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Astragali, a versatile traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has a rich history dating back to "Sheng Nong's herbal classic". It has been employed in clinical practice to address various ailments, including depression. One of its primary active components, total flavonoids from Astragalus (TFA), remains unexplored in terms of its potential antidepressant properties. This study delves into the antidepressant effects of TFA using a mouse model subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aimed to scrutinize how TFA influenced depressive behaviors, corticosterone and glutamate levels in the hippocampus, as well as myelin-related protein expression in CUMS mice. Additionally, it sought to explore the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis as a potential antidepressant mechanism of TFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CUMS to induce depressive behaviors. TFA were orally administered at two different doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). A battery of behavioral tests, biochemical analyses, immunohistochemistry, UPLC-MS/MS, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the antidepressant potential of TFA. The role of the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis in the antidepressant mechanism of TFA was validated through MO3.13 cells. RESULTS TFA administration significantly alleviated depressive behaviors in CUMS mice, as evidenced by improved sucrose preference, reduced immobility in tail suspension and forced swimming tests, and increased locomotor activity in the open field test. Moreover, TFA effectively reduced hippocampal corticosterone and glutamate levels and promoted myelin formation in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Then, TFA increased Olig2 and Sox10 expression while inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Finally, we further confirmed the role of TFA in promoting myelin regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis in MO3.13 cells. CONCLUSIONS TFA exhibited promising antidepressant effects in the CUMS mouse model, facilitated by the restoration of myelin sheaths and regulation of corticosterone, glutamate, Olig2, Sox10, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic application of TFA in treating depression, although further investigations are required to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zikang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Normal and Pathologic Conditions? Neurology 2023; 101:958-965. [PMID: 37985182 PMCID: PMC10663025 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
|
3
|
Bhogale S, Seward C, Stubbs L, Sinha S. SEAMoD: A fully interpretable neural network for cis-regulatory analysis of differentially expressed genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.565900. [PMID: 38014229 PMCID: PMC10680628 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.565900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A common way to investigate gene regulatory mechanisms is to identify differentially expressed genes using transcriptomics, find their candidate enhancers using epigenomics, and search for over-represented transcription factor (TF) motifs in these enhancers using bioinformatics tools. A related follow-up task is to model gene expression as a function of enhancer sequences and rank TF motifs by their contribution to such models, thus prioritizing among regulators. We present a new computational tool called SEAMoD that performs the above tasks of motif finding and sequence-to-expression modeling simultaneously. It trains a convolutional neural network model to relate enhancer sequences to differential expression in one or more biological conditions. The model uses TF motifs to interpret the sequences, learning these motifs and their relative importance to each biological condition from data. It also utilizes epigenomic information in the form of activity scores of putative enhancers and automatically searches for the most promising enhancer for each gene. Compared to existing neural network models of non-coding sequences, SEAMoD uses far fewer parameters, requires far less training data, and emphasizes biological interpretability. We used SEAMoD to understand regulatory mechanisms underlying the differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) derived from mouse forebrain. We profiled gene expression and histone modifications in NSC and three differentiated cell types and used SEAMoD to model differential expression of nearly 12,000 genes with an accuracy of 81%, in the process identifying the Olig2, E2f family TFs, Foxo3, and Tcf4 as key transcriptional regulators of the differentiation process.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan YG, Wang JL, Zhang YX, Li L, Reza AMMT, Gurunathan S. Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3177-3210. [PMID: 37337578 PMCID: PMC10276992 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s407029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) are spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in a variety of diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells due to the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties in response to COVID-19. This review discussed the potential function of MSCs-EXOs in a variety of diseases including neurological, notably epileptic encephalopathy and Parkinson's disease, cancer, angiogenesis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview of exosome biogenesis and factors that regulate exosome biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight the functions and potential use of MSCs-EXOs in the treatment of the inflammatory disease COVID-19. Finally, we covered a strategies and challenges of MSCs-EXOs. Finally, we discuss conclusion and future perspectives of MSCs-EXOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
NKX6-2 Disease in Two Unrelated Patients with Early Onset Spastic Quadriplegia and Diffuse Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy. BRAIN DISORDERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2023.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
|
6
|
Schmitz U. Overview of Computational and Experimental Methods to Identify Tissue-Specific MicroRNA Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2630:155-177. [PMID: 36689183 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2982-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As ubiquitous posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in cell physiology and function across taxa. In the last two decades, we have gained a good understanding about miRNA biogenesis pathways, modes of action, and consequences of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. More recently, research has focused on exploring causes for miRNA dysregulation, miRNA-mediated crosstalk between genes and signaling pathways, and the role of miRNAs in disease.This chapter discusses methods for the identification of miRNA-target interactions and causes for tissue-specific miRNA-target regulation. Computational approaches for predicting miRNA target sites and assessing tissue-specific target regulation are discussed. Moreover, there is an emphasis on features that affect miRNA target recognition and how high-throughput sequencing protocols can help in assessing miRNA-mediated gene regulation on a genome-wide scale. In addition, this chapter introduces some experimental approaches for the validation of miRNA targets as well as web-based resources sharing predicted and validated miRNA-target interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Schmitz
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia.
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Copy Number Variation of the SOX6 Gene and Its Associations with Growth Traits in Ashidan Yak. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223074. [PMID: 36428302 PMCID: PMC9686495 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is a fundamental type of structural variation of the genome affecting the economic traits of livestock. The SOX6 gene (sex-determining region Y-box 6), as a transcription factor, has multiple functions with regard to sex determination, embryonic growth, the nervous system development, as well as bone, and various organ formation. This study employed quantitative real-time fluorescence quota PCR (qPCR) for detecting the SOX6-CNV of the 311 Ashidan yaks and analyzed the correlation of the SOX6-CNV with four phenotypes (including body weight, withers height, body length, and chest girth) of the yaks aged 6, 12, 18, and 30 months using ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Furthermore, the SOX6 gene expression was identified in seven different tissues of the yaks. The experiment results demonstrated the expression of SOX6 in each tissue, and the kidney and muscle tissue were found to have higher relative expression levels. Based on the processing by IBM SPSS software, SOX6-CNV was significantly correlated with the chest girth of the 6-months old yaks (p < 0.05) and 30-months yaks (p < 0.05), and withers height of 6 months yaks (p < 0.05) and 18-months yaks (p < 0.05), as well as the normal type of CNV, was chosen for yak breeding. In conclusion, SOX6 might be prominently involved in promoting growth and development of yaks, suggesting that the SOX6 gene can be used in breeding yaks by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). The study also offered some important insights into the references and clues for the genetic breeding of yaks.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lmx1a-Dependent Activation of miR-204/211 Controls the Timing of Nurr1-Mediated Dopaminergic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136961. [PMID: 35805964 PMCID: PMC9266978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons requires a fine temporal and spatial regulation of a very specific gene expression program. Here, we report that during mouse brain development, the microRNA (miR-) 204/211 is present at a high level in a subset of DA precursors expressing the transcription factor Lmx1a, an early determinant for DA-commitment, but not in more mature neurons expressing Th or Pitx3. By combining different in vitro model systems of DA differentiation, we show that the levels of Lmx1a influence the expression of miR-204/211. Using published transcriptomic data, we found a significant enrichment of miR-204/211 target genes in midbrain dopaminergic neurons where Lmx1a was selectively deleted at embryonic stages. We further demonstrated that miR-204/211 controls the timing of the DA differentiation by directly downregulating the expression of Nurr1, a late DA differentiation master gene. Thus, our data indicate the Lmx1a-miR-204/211-Nurr1 axis as a key component in the cascade of events that ultimately lead to mature midbrain dopaminergic neurons differentiation and point to miR-204/211 as the molecular switch regulating the timing of Nurr1 expression.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang L, Xu M, Bhuiyan SA, Li J, Zhao J, Cohrs RJ, Susterich JT, Signorelli S, Green U, Stone JR, Levy D, Lennerz JK, Renthal W. Human and mouse trigeminal ganglia cell atlas implicates multiple cell types in migraine. Neuron 2022; 110:1806-1821.e8. [PMID: 35349784 PMCID: PMC9338779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of trigeminal ganglion neurons contributes to primary headache disorders such as migraine, but the specific neuronal and non-neuronal trigeminal subtypes that are involved remain unclear. We thus developed a cell atlas in which human and mouse trigeminal ganglia are transcriptionally and epigenomically profiled at single-cell resolution. These data describe evolutionarily conserved and human-specific gene expression patterns within each trigeminal ganglion cell type, as well as the transcription factors and gene regulatory elements that contribute to cell-type-specific gene expression. We then leveraged these data to identify trigeminal ganglion cell types that are implicated both by human genetic variation associated with migraine and two mouse models of headache. This trigeminal ganglion cell atlas improves our understanding of the cell types, genes, and epigenomic features involved in headache pathophysiology and establishes a rich resource of cell-type-specific molecular features to guide the development of more selective treatments for headache and facial pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lite Yang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shamsuddin A Bhuiyan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randall J Cohrs
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology/Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin T Susterich
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sylvia Signorelli
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ursula Green
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dan Levy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William Renthal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ngo C, Kothary R. MicroRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and remyelination. J Neurochem 2022; 162:310-321. [PMID: 35536759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for the formation of myelin around axons of the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin is an insulating layer that allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along neurons. If myelin is damaged, as in chronic demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), these impulses slow down. Remyelination by oligodendrocytes is often ineffective in MS, in part because of the failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The process of oligodendrocyte differentiation is tightly controlled by several regulatory networks involving transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways, and extrinsic cues. Understanding the factors that regulate oligodendrocyte development is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies capable of enhancing remyelination. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of oligodendrocyte development, exerting effects on cell specification, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. This article will review the role of miRNAs on oligodendrocyte biology and discuss their potential as promising therapeutic tools for remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Ngo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsules Promote Remyelination by Regulating MicroRNA-219 and MicroRNA-338 in Exosomes to Promote Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3341481. [PMID: 35463062 PMCID: PMC9020954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3341481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination is a refractory feature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown that promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, which cannot be achieved by currently available therapeutic agents, is the key to enhancing remyelination. Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYSC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine over many years of clinical practice. We have found that BSYSC can effectively treat MS. In this study, the effects of BSYSC in promoting OPCs differentiation and remyelination were assessed using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in vivo and cultured OPCs in vitro. The results showed that BSYSC reduced clinical function scores and increased neuroprotection. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) was decreased and the level of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was increased in the brains and spinal cords of mice as well as in OPCs after treatment with BSYSC. We further found that BSYSC elevated the expression of miR-219 or miR-338 in the serum exosomes of mice with EAE, thereby suppressing the expression of Sox6, Lingo1, and Hes5, which negatively regulate OPCs differentiation. Therefore, serum exosomes of BSYSC-treated mice (exos-BSYSC) were extracted and administered to OPCs in which miR-219 or miR-338 expression was knocked down by adenovirus, and the results showed that Sox6, Lingo1, and Hes5 expression was downregulated, MBP expression was upregulated, OPCs differentiation was increased, and the ability of OPCs to wrap around neuronal axons was improved. In conclusion, BSYSC may exert clinically relevant effects by regulating microRNA (miR) levels in exosomes and thus promoting the differentiation and maturation of OPCs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia-Martin G, Alcover-Sanchez B, Wandosell F, Cubelos B. Pathways Involved in Remyelination after Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:751-765. [PMID: 34151767 PMCID: PMC9878953 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210610093658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke, occurs when there is a lack of blood supply into the brain. When an ischemic insult appears, both neurons and glial cells can react in several ways that will determine the severity and prognosis. This high heterogeneity of responses has been a major obstacle in developing effective treatments or preventive methods for stroke. Although white matter pathophysiology has not been deeply assessed in stroke, its remodelling can greatly influence the clinical outcome and the disability degree. Oligodendrocytes, the unique cell type implied in CNS myelination, are sensible to ischemic damage. Loss of myelin sheaths can compromise axon survival, so new Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells are required to restore brain function. Stroke can, therefore, enhance oligodendrogenesis to regenerate those new oligodendrocytes that will ensheath the damaged axons. Given that myelination is a highly complex process that requires coordination of multiple pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog, RTKs or Wnt/β-catenin, we will analyse new research highlighting their importance after brain ischemia. In addition, oligodendrocytes are not isolated cells inside the brain, but rather form part of a dynamic environment of interactions between neurons and glial cells. For this reason, we will put some context into how microglia and astrocytes react against stroke and influence oligodendrogenesis to highlight the relevance of remyelination in the ischemic brain. This will help to guide future studies to develop treatments focused on potentiating the ability of the brain to repair the damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Garcia-Martin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Alcover-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to this author at the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Tel: 34-91-1964561; Fax: 34-91-1964420; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai X, Schmitz U, Vera J. The Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Biology and Therapy from a Systems Biology Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Hines JH. Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:757360. [PMID: 34924932 PMCID: PMC8672417 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.757360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are multifunctional central nervous system (CNS) glia that are essential for neural function in gnathostomes. The evolutionary origins and specializations of the oligodendrocyte cell type are among the many remaining mysteries in glial biology and neuroscience. The role of oligodendrocytes as CNS myelinating glia is well established, but recent studies demonstrate that oligodendrocytes also participate in several myelin-independent aspects of CNS development, function, and maintenance. Furthermore, many recent studies have collectively advanced our understanding of myelin plasticity, and it is now clear that experience-dependent adaptations to myelination are an additional form of neural plasticity. These observations beg the questions of when and for which functions the ancestral oligodendrocyte cell type emerged, when primitive oligodendrocytes evolved new functionalities, and the genetic changes responsible for these evolutionary innovations. Here, I review recent findings and propose working models addressing the origins and evolution of the oligodendrocyte cell type and adaptive myelination. The core gene regulatory network (GRN) specifying the oligodendrocyte cell type is also reviewed as a means to probe the existence of oligodendrocytes in basal vertebrates and chordate invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H. Hines
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sock E, Wegner M. Using the lineage determinants Olig2 and Sox10 to explore transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocyte development. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:892-901. [PMID: 34480425 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Olig2 and Sox10 jointly define oligodendroglial identity. Because of their continuous presence during development and in the differentiated state they shape the oligodendroglial regulatory network at all times. In this review, we exploit their eminent role and omnipresence to elaborate the central principles that organize the gene regulatory network in oligodendrocytes in such a way that it preserves its identity, but at the same time allows defined and stimulus-dependent changes that result in an ordered lineage progression, differentiation, and myelination. For this purpose, we outline the multiple functional and physical interactions and intricate cross-regulatory relationships with other transcription factors, such as Hes5, Id, and SoxD proteins, in oligodendrocyte precursors and Tcf7l2, Sip1, Nkx2.2, Zfp24, and Myrf during differentiation and myelination, and interpret them in the context of the regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Odongo R, Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Çakır T. A systems pharmacology approach based on oncogenic signalling pathways to determine the mechanisms of action of natural products in breast cancer from transcriptome data. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:181. [PMID: 34193143 PMCID: PMC8244196 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Narrow spectrum of action through limited molecular targets and unforeseen drug-related toxicities have been the main reasons for drug failures at the phase I clinical trials in complex diseases. Most plant-derived compounds with medicinal values possess poly-pharmacologic properties with overall good tolerability, and, thus, are appropriate in the management of complex diseases, especially cancers. However, methodological limitations impede attempts to catalogue targeted processes and infer systemic mechanisms of action. While most of the current understanding of these compounds is based on reductive methods, it is increasingly becoming clear that holistic techniques, leveraging current improvements in omic data collection and bioinformatics methods, are better suited for elucidating their systemic effects. Thus, we developed and implemented an integrative systems biology pipeline to study these compounds and reveal their mechanism of actions on breast cancer cell lines. Methods Transcriptome data from compound-treated breast cancer cell lines, representing triple negative (TN), luminal A (ER+) and HER2+ tumour types, were mapped on human protein interactome to construct targeted subnetworks. The subnetworks were analysed for enriched oncogenic signalling pathways. Pathway redundancy was reduced by constructing pathway-pathway interaction networks, and the sets of overlapping genes were subsequently used to infer pathway crosstalk. The resulting filtered pathways were mapped on oncogenesis processes to evaluate their anti-carcinogenic effectiveness, and thus putative mechanisms of action. Results The signalling pathways regulated by Actein, Withaferin A, Indole-3-Carbinol and Compound Kushen, which are extensively researched compounds, were shown to be projected on a set of oncogenesis processes at the transcriptomic level in different breast cancer subtypes. The enrichment of well-known tumour driving genes indicate that these compounds indirectly dysregulate cancer driving pathways in the subnetworks. Conclusion The proposed framework infers the mechanisms of action of potential drug candidates from their enriched protein interaction subnetworks and oncogenic signalling pathways. It also provides a systematic approach for evaluating such compounds in polygenic complex diseases. In addition, the plant-based compounds used here show poly-pharmacologic mechanism of action by targeting subnetworks enriched with cancer driving genes. This network perspective supports the need for a systemic drug-target evaluation for lead compounds prior to efficacy experiments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03340-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regan Odongo
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang J, Lurie RH, Sharma A, Bashir M, Fung CM, Dettman RW, Dizon MLV. Intrauterine growth restriction followed by oxygen support uniquely interferes with genetic regulators of myelination. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0263-20.2021. [PMID: 34099489 PMCID: PMC8266217 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0263-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and oxygen exposure in isolation and combination adversely affect the developing brain, putting infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disability including cerebral palsy. Rodent models of IUGR and postnatal hyperoxia have demonstrated oligodendroglial injury with subsequent white matter injury (WMI) and motor dysfunction. Here we investigate transcriptomic dysregulation in IUGR with and without hyperoxia exposure to account for the abnormal brain structure and function previously documented. We performed RNA sequencing and analysis using a mouse model of IUGR and found that IUGR, hyperoxia, and the combination of IUGR with hyperoxia (IUGR/hyperoxia) produced distinct changes in gene expression. IUGR in isolation demonstrated the fewest differentially expressed genes compared to control. In contrast, we detected several gene alterations in IUGR/hyperoxia; genes involved in myelination were strikingly downregulated. We also identified changes to specific regulators including TCF7L2, BDNF, SOX2, and DGCR8, through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, that may contribute to impaired myelination in IUGR/hyperoxia. Our findings show that IUGR with hyperoxia induces unique transcriptional changes in the developing brain. These indicate mechanisms for increased risk for WMI in IUGR infants exposed to oxygen and suggest potential therapeutic targets to improve motor outcomes.Significance StatementThis study demonstrates that perinatal exposures of IUGR and/or postnatal hyperoxia result in distinct transcriptomic changes in the developing brain. In particular, we found that genes involved in normal developmental myelination, myelin maintenance, and remyelination were most dysregulated when IUGR was combined with hyperoxia. Understanding how multiple risk factors lead to WMI is the first step in developing future therapeutic interventions. Additionally, because oxygen exposure is often unavoidable after birth, an understanding of gene perturbations in this setting will increase our awareness of the need for tight control of oxygen use to minimize future motor disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Chang
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert H Lurie
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abhineet Sharma
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mirrah Bashir
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Camille M Fung
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert W Dettman
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria L V Dizon
- Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sternbach S, West N, Singhal NK, Clements R, Basu S, Tripathi A, Dutta R, Freeman EJ, McDonough J. The BHMT-betaine methylation pathway epigenetically modulates oligodendrocyte maturation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250486. [PMID: 33975330 PMCID: PMC8112889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the epigenome is of growing importance as a loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have implicated aberrant DNA and histone methylation in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. We have previously reported that the methyl donor betaine is depleted in MS and is linked to changes in histone H3 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in neurons. We have also shown that betaine increases histone methyltransferase activity by activating chromatin bound betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Here, we investigated the role of the BHMT-betaine methylation pathway in oligodendrocytes. Immunocytochemistry in the human MO3.13 cell line, primary rat oligodendrocytes, and tissue from MS postmortem brain confirmed the presence of the BHMT enzyme in the nucleus in oligodendrocytes. BHMT expression is increased 2-fold following oxidative insult, and qRT-PCR demonstrated that betaine can promote an increase in expression of oligodendrocyte maturation genes SOX10 and NKX-2.2 under oxidative conditions. Chromatin fractionation provided evidence of a direct interaction of BHMT on chromatin and co-IP analysis indicates an interaction between BHMT and DNMT3a. Our data show that both histone and DNA methyltransferase activity are increased following betaine administration. Betaine effects were shown to be dependent on BHMT expression following siRNA knockdown of BHMT. This is the first report of BHMT expression in oligodendrocytes and suggests that betaine acts through BHMT to modulate histone and DNA methyltransferase activity on chromatin. These data suggest that methyl donor availability can impact epigenetic changes and maturation in oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sternbach
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naveen K. Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ernest J. Freeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choudhari JK, Chatterjee T, Gupta S, Garcia-Garcia JG, Vera-González J. Network Biology Approaches in Ophthalmological Diseases: A Case Study of Glaucoma. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Vera-González J, Cantone M, Blume C. Network and Systems Biology Approaches in Glial Cells. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Mei R, Fu J, Jiang C, Yang J, Zheng K, Yang A, Qiu M, Zhao X. TAPP1 Represses the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte and its Deficiency Accelerates Myelin Regeneration after Demyelinating Injuries. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:385-388. [PMID: 33190191 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chunxia Jiang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wedel M, Fröb F, Elsesser O, Wittmann MT, Lie DC, Reis A, Wegner M. Transcription factor Tcf4 is the preferred heterodimerization partner for Olig2 in oligodendrocytes and required for differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4839-4857. [PMID: 32266943 PMCID: PMC7229849 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation in the vertebrate central nervous system is under control of several basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors such as Olig2, Ascl1, Hes5 and the Id proteins. The class I basic helix-loop-helix proteins Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 represent potential heterodimerization partners and functional modulators for all, but have not been investigated in oligodendrocytes so far. Using mouse mutants, organotypic slice and primary cell cultures we here show that Tcf4 is required in a cell-autonomous manner for proper terminal differentiation and myelination in vivo and ex vivo. Partial compensation is provided by the paralogous Tcf3, but not Tcf12. On the mechanistic level Tcf4 was identified as the preferred heterodimerization partner of the central regulator of oligodendrocyte development Olig2. Both genetic studies in the mouse as well as functional studies on enhancer regions of myelin genes confirmed the relevance of this physical interaction for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Considering that alterations in TCF4 are associated with syndromic and non-syndromic forms of intellectual disability, schizophrenia and autism in humans, our findings point to the possibility of an oligodendroglial contribution to these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wedel
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bagheri H, Friedman H, Siminovitch KA, Peterson AC. Transcriptional regulators of the Golli/myelin basic protein locus integrate additive and stealth activities. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008752. [PMID: 32790717 PMCID: PMC7446974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is composed of plasma membrane spirally wrapped around axons and compacted into dense sheaths by myelin-associated proteins. Myelin is elaborated by neuroepithelial derived oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and by neural crest derived Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). While some myelin proteins accumulate in only one lineage, myelin basic protein (Mbp) is expressed in both. Overlapping the Mbp gene is Golli, a transcriptional unit that is expressed widely both within and beyond the nervous system. A super-enhancer domain within the Golli/Mbp locus contains multiple enhancers shown previously to drive reporter construct expression specifically in oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells. In order to determine the contribution of each enhancer to the Golli/Mbp expression program, and to reveal if functional interactions occur among them, we derived mouse lines in which they were deleted, either singly or in different combinations, and relative mRNA accumulation was measured at key stages of early development and at maturity. Although super-enhancers have been shown previously to facilitate interaction among their component enhancers, the enhancers investigated here demonstrated largely additive relationships. However, enhancers demonstrating autonomous activity strictly in one lineage, when missing, were found to significantly reduce output in the other, thus revealing cryptic "stealth" activity. Further, in the absence of a key oligodendrocyte enhancer, Golli accumulation was markedly and uniformly attenuated in all cell types investigated. Our observations suggest a model in which enhancer-mediated DNA-looping and potential super-enhancer properties underlie Golli/Mbp regulatory organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bagheri
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Friedman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum and Toronto General Hospital Research Institutes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan C. Peterson
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei N, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang S, Lv W, Luo L, Xu Z. The Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Exosomes and MicroRNAs on Epileptic Comorbidity Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32528321 PMCID: PMC7247821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of epilepsy can increase the incidence of depression, and the risk of epilepsy in the patients with depression is also high, both of which have an adverse effect on the life and the psychology of the patient, which is not conducive to the prognosis of the patients with epilepsy. With lucubrating the function of exosomes and microRNAs, some scholars found that the exosomes and its microRNAs have development prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of seizures and depression, as biomarkers, that can significantly improve the management of epileptic patients and play a preventive role in the occurrence of epilepsy and epilepsy depressive disorder. Moreover, due to its regulation to genes, appropriate application of microRNAs may have therapeutic effect on epilepsy and depression with the characteristics of long distance transmission and stability of exosomes, to a certain extent. This provides a great convenience for the diagnosis and treatment of epileptic comorbidity depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wei
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Prevention and Health Care, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenbo Lv
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Limei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The role of neuroglia in autism spectrum disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 173:301-330. [PMID: 32711814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglia are a large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Neuroglial cells provide homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue. Pathological potential of neuroglia has been acknowledged since their discovery. Research of the recent decade has shown the key role of all classes of glial cells in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), although molecular mechanisms defining glial contribution to ASD are yet to be fully characterized. This narrative conceptualizes recent findings of the broader roles of glial cells, including their active participation in the control of cerebral environment and regulation of synaptic development and scaling, highlighting their putative involvement in the etiopathogenesis of ASD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Aprato J, Sock E, Weider M, Elsesser O, Fröb F, Wegner M. Myrf guides target gene selection of transcription factor Sox10 during oligodendroglial development. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1254-1270. [PMID: 31828317 PMCID: PMC7026603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate myelin in the vertebrate central nervous system and thus ensure rapid propagation of neuronal activity. Their development is controlled by a network of transcription factors that function as determinants of cell identity or as temporally restricted stage-specific regulators. The continuously expressed Sox10 and Myrf, a factor induced during late development, are particularly important for terminal differentiation. How these factors function together mechanistically and influence each other, is not well understood. Here we show that Myrf not only cooperates with Sox10 during the induction of genes required for differentiation and myelin formation. Myrf also inhibits the activity of Sox10 on genes that are essential during earlier phases of oligodendroglial development. By characterization of the exact DNA-binding requirements of Myrf, we furthermore show that cooperative activation is a consequence of joint binding of Sox10 and Myrf to the same regulatory regions. In contrast, inhibition of Sox10-dependent gene activation occurs on genes that lack Myrf binding sites and likely involves physical interaction between Myrf and Sox10 followed by sequestration. These two opposite activities allow Myrf to redirect Sox10 from genes that it activates in oligodendrocyte precursor cells to genes that need to be induced during terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aprato
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24620;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wittstatt J, Weider M, Wegner M, Reiprich S. MicroRNA miR‐204 regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendroglia in culture. Glia 2020; 68:2015-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wittstatt
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Reiprich
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neural Differentiation Dynamics Controlled by Multiple Feedback Loops in a Comprehensive Molecular Interaction Network. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical model simulation is a useful method for understanding the complex behavior of a living system. The construction of mathematical models using comprehensive information is one of the techniques of model construction. Such a comprehensive knowledge-based network tends to become a large-scale network. As a result, the variation of analyses is limited to a particular kind of analysis because of the size and complexity of the model. To analyze a large-scale regulatory network of neural differentiation, we propose a contractive method that preserves the dynamic behavior of a large network. The method consists of the following two steps: comprehensive network building and network reduction. The reduction phase can extract network loop structures from a large-scale regulatory network, and the subnetworks were combined to preserve the dynamics of the original large-scale network. We confirmed that the extracted loop combination reproduced the known dynamics of HES1 and ASCL1 before and after differentiation, including oscillation and equilibrium of their concentrations. The model also reproduced the effects of the overexpression and knockdown of the Id2 gene. Our model suggests that the characteristic change in HES1 and ASCL1 expression in the large-scale regulatory network is controlled by a combination of four feedback loops, including a large loop, which has not been focused on. The model extracted by our method has the potential to reveal the critical mechanisms of neural differentiation. The method is applicable to other biological events.
Collapse
|
29
|
Crazy Little Thing Called Sox-New Insights in Oligodendroglial Sox Protein Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112713. [PMID: 31159496 PMCID: PMC6600536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes wrap axons with myelin sheaths, which is essential for rapid transfer of electric signals and their trophic support. In oligodendroglia, transcription factors of the Sox protein family are pivotal regulators of a variety of developmental processes. These include specification, proliferation, and migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells as well as terminal differentiation to mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Sox proteins are further affected in demyelinating diseases and are involved in remyelination following damage of the central nervous system. Here we summarize and discuss latest findings on transcriptional regulation of Sox proteins, their function, target genes, and interaction with other transcription factors and chromatin remodelers in oligodendroglia with physiological and pathophysiological relevance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fritzsch B, Elliott KL, Pavlinkova G, Duncan JS, Hansen MR, Kersigo JM. Neuronal Migration Generates New Populations of Neurons That Develop Unique Connections, Physiological Properties and Pathologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:59. [PMID: 31069224 PMCID: PMC6491807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system neurons become postmitotic when radial glia cells divide to form neuroblasts. Neuroblasts may migrate away from the ventricle radially along glia fibers, in various directions or even across the midline. We present four cases of unusual migration that are variably connected to either pathology or formation of new populations of neurons with new connectivities. One of the best-known cases of radial migration involves granule cells that migrate from the external granule cell layer along radial Bergman glia fibers to become mature internal granule cells. In various medulloblastoma cases this migration does not occur and transforms the external granule cell layer into a rapidly growing tumor. Among the ocular motor neurons is one unique population that undergoes a contralateral migration and uniquely innervates the superior rectus and levator palpebrae muscles. In humans, a mutation of a single gene ubiquitously expressed in all cells, induces innervation defects only in this unique motor neuron population, leading to inability to elevate eyes or upper eyelids. One of the best-known cases for longitudinal migration is the facial branchial motor (FBM) neurons and the overlapping inner ear efferent population. We describe here molecular cues that are needed for the caudal migration of FBM to segregate these motor neurons from the differently migrating inner ear efferent population. Finally, we describe unusual migration of inner ear spiral ganglion neurons that result in aberrant connections with disruption of frequency presentation. Combined, these data identify unique migratory properties of various neuronal populations that allow them to adopt new connections but also sets them up for unique pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Jeremy S Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|