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van Amerongen S, Das S, Kamps S, Goossens J, Bongers B, Pijnenburg YAL, Vanmechelen E, Vijverberg EGB, Teunissen CE, Verberk IMW. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognitive trajectories in patients with Alzheimer's disease and a history of traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:121-128. [PMID: 38908030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have overlapping mechanisms but it remains unknown if pathophysiological characteristics and cognitive trajectories in AD patients are influenced by TBI history. Here, we studied AD patients (stage MCI or dementia) with TBI history (ADTBI+, n=110), or without (ADTBI-, n=110) and compared baseline CSF concentrations of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau181 (pTau181), total tau, neurofilament light chain (NfL), synaptosomal associated protein-25kDa (SNAP25), neurogranin (Ng), neuronal pentraxin-2 (NPTX2) and glutamate receptor-4 (GluR4), as well as differences in cognitive trajectories using linear mixed models. Explorative, analyses were repeated within stratified TBI groups by TBI characteristics (timing, severity, number). We found no differences in baseline CSF biomarker concentrations nor in cognitive trajectories between ADTBI+ and ADTBI- patients. TBI >5 years ago was associated with higher NPTX2 and a tendency for higher SNAP25 concentrations compared to TBI ≤ 5 years ago, suggesting that TBI may be associated with long-term synaptic dysfunction only when occurring before onset or in a pre-clinical disease stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan van Amerongen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
| | - Shreyasee Das
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 6, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Suzie Kamps
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Julie Goossens
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 6, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Bram Bongers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | | | - Everard G B Vijverberg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
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Abukuri DN. Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Plasma Neurofilament Light and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 2024:6668159. [PMID: 38779175 PMCID: PMC11111307 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6668159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent an increasingly significant public health concern. As clinical diagnosis faces challenges, biomarkers are becoming increasingly important in research, trials, and patient assessments. While biomarkers like amyloid-β peptide, tau proteins, CSF levels (Aβ, tau, and p-tau), and neuroimaging techniques are commonly used in AD diagnosis, they are often limited and invasive in monitoring and diagnosis. For this reason, blood-based biomarkers are the optimal choice for detecting neurodegeneration in brain diseases due to their noninvasiveness, affordability, reliability, and consistency. This literature review focuses on plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and CSF NfL as blood-based biomarkers used in recent AD diagnosis. The findings revealed that the core CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration (T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42), CSF NFL, and plasma T-tau were strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease, and the core biomarkers were strongly associated with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. Elevated levels of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid NfL were linked to decreased [18F]FDG uptake in corresponding brain areas. In participants with Aβ positivity (Aβ+), NfL correlated with reduced metabolism in regions susceptible to Alzheimer's disease. In addition, CSF NfL levels correlate with brain atrophy and predict cognitive changes, while plasma total tau does not. Plasma P-tau, especially in combination with Aβ42/Aβ40, is promising for symptomatic AD stages. Though not AD-exclusive, blood NfL holds promise for neurodegeneration detection and assessing treatment efficacy. Given the consistent levels of T-tau, P-tau, Aβ42, and NFL in CSF, their incorporation into both clinical practice and research is highly recommended.
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Krüger L, Biskup K, Schipke CG, Kochnowsky B, Schneider LS, Peters O, Blanchard V. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Free-Glycans Hex 1 and HexNAc 1Hex 1Neu5Ac 1 as Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:512. [PMID: 38785920 PMCID: PMC11117705 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting a growing number of elderly people. In order to improve the early and differential diagnosis of AD, better biomarkers are needed. Glycosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is modulated in the course of many diseases, including neurodegeneration. Aiming to improve AD diagnosis and differential diagnosis through glycan analytics methods, we report the glycoprotein glycome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolated from a total study cohort of 262 subjects. The study cohort consisted of patients with AD, healthy controls and patients suffering from other types of dementia. CSF free-glycans were also isolated and analyzed in this study, and the results reported for the first time the presence of 19 free glycans in this body fluid. The free-glycans consisted of complete or truncated N-/O-glycans as well as free monosaccharides. The free-glycans Hex1 and HexNAc1Hex1Neu5Ac1 were able to discriminate AD from controls and from patients suffering from other types of dementia. Regarding CSF N-glycosylation, high proportions of high-mannose, biantennary bisecting core-fucosylated N-glycans were found, whereby only about 20% of the N-glycans were sialylated. O-Glycans and free-glycan fragments were less sialylated in AD patients than in controls. To conclude, this comprehensive study revealed for the first time the biomarker potential of free glycans for the differential diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Krüger
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.)
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.)
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola G. Schipke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (C.G.S.); (B.K.); (L.-S.S.); (O.P.)
| | - Bianca Kochnowsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (C.G.S.); (B.K.); (L.-S.S.); (O.P.)
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (C.G.S.); (B.K.); (L.-S.S.); (O.P.)
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (C.G.S.); (B.K.); (L.-S.S.); (O.P.)
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.)
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Geng J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Shi H, Wu Z, Chen J, Luo F. Associations between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and postoperative delirium or cognitive dysfunction: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of prospective clinical trials. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:234-244. [PMID: 38038408 PMCID: PMC10842675 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and postoperative complications, such as postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), remains a subject of ongoing debate. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between perioperative Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and postoperative complications. DESIGN We conducted a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies that explored the correlation between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and POD or POCD in patients who have undergone surgery, following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was previously published (INPLASY: INPLASY202350001). DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases until March 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Surgical patients aged at least 18 years, studies focusing on POD or POCD, research involving Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, including Aβ or tau in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and availability of the full text. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 15 studies: six focusing on POD and nine on POCD. The findings revealed a negative correlation between preoperative CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) levels and the onset of POD [mean difference -86.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), -114.15 to -58.05, I2 : 47%]; this association was strongly supported by trial sequential analysis (TSA). A similar negative correlation was discerned between preoperative CSF Aβ42 levels and the incidence of POCD (-165.01, 95% CI, -261.48 to -68.53, I2 : 95%). The TSA also provided robust evidence for this finding; however, the evidence remains insufficient to confirm a relationship between other Alzheimer's disease biomarkers [β-amyloid 40 (Aβ40), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and Aβ42/T-tau ratio] and POD or POCD. CONCLUSION The study results indicate a negative correlation between preoperative CSF Aβ42 levels and the occurrence of both POD and POCD. Future investigations are warranted to identify the predictive cutoff value of preoperative CSF Aβ42 for POD and POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Geng
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China (JG, YZ, HC, HH, ZW, JC) and Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China (FL)
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Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Sharma S, Jeong ES, Goh SH, Jang YG, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Community-Dwelling Adults of Various Ages: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1241. [PMID: 37371971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a versatile therapeutic agent. H2 gas inhalation is reportedly safe and has a positive impact on a range of illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we investigated the effects of 4 weeks of H2 gas inhalation on community-dwelling adults of various ages. Fifty-four participants, including those who dropped out (5%), were screened and enrolled. The selected participants were treated as a single group without randomization. We evaluated the association between total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and AD risk at individual levels after 4 weeks of H2 gas inhalation treatment. The total and differential WBC counts were not adversely affected after H2 gas inhalation, indicating that it was safe and well tolerated. Investigation of oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide showed that their levels decreased post-treatment. Furthermore, evaluation of dementia-related biomarkers, such as beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), amyloid beta (Aβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), T-tau, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6), showed that their cognitive condition significantly improved after treatment, in most cases. Collectively, our results indicate that H2 gas inhalation may be a good candidate for improving AD with cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling adults of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gyu Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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6
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Merz GE, Chalkley MJ, Tan SK, Tse E, Lee J, Prusiner SB, Paras NA, DeGrado WF, Southworth DR. Stacked binding of a PET ligand to Alzheimer's tau paired helical filaments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3048. [PMID: 37236970 PMCID: PMC10220082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of filamentous aggregates of tau protein in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other neurodegenerative tauopathies. The filaments adopt disease-specific cross-β amyloid conformations that self-propagate and are implicated in neuronal loss. Development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics is of critical importance. However, mechanisms of small molecule binding to the amyloid core is poorly understood. We used cryo-electron microscopy to determine a 2.7 Å structure of AD patient-derived tau paired-helical filaments bound to the PET ligand GTP-1. The compound is bound stoichiometrically at a single site along an exposed cleft of each protofilament in a stacked arrangement matching the fibril symmetry. Multiscale modeling reveals pi-pi aromatic interactions that pair favorably with the small molecule-protein contacts, supporting high specificity and affinity for the AD tau conformation. This binding mode offers critical insight into designing compounds to target different amyloid folds found across neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Chalkley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia K Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nick A Paras
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Hansson O, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Dage J. Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice and trials. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:506-519. [PMID: 37202517 PMCID: PMC10979350 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers hold great promise to revolutionize the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical practice. This is very timely, considering the recent development of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapies. Several assays for measuring phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in plasma exhibit high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD from all other neurodegenerative diseases in patients with cognitive impairment. Prognostic models based on plasma p-tau levels can also predict future development of AD dementia in patients with mild cognitive complaints. The use of such high-performing plasma p-tau assays in the clinical practice of specialist memory clinics would reduce the need for more costly investigations involving cerebrospinal fluid samples or positron emission tomography. Indeed, blood-based biomarkers already facilitate identification of individuals with pre-symptomatic AD in the context of clinical trials. Longitudinal measurements of such biomarkers will also improve the detection of relevant disease-modifying effects of new drugs or lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for 27 Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey Dage
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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López-Cuevas R, Baquero-Toledo M, Cuevas-Jiménez A, Martín-Ibáñez N, Pascual-Costa R, Moreno-Monedero MJ, Cañada-Martínez A, Peña-Bautista C, Ferrer-Cairols I, Álvarez-Sánchez L, Cháfer-Pericás C. Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2023; 38:262-269. [PMID: 37031800 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients assessed at our memory unit for whom Alzheimer disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid biomarker results were available. We selected patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association clinical criteria), confirmed neuropsychological deficit, a Global Deterioration Scale score of 3, and an abnormal profile of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Of the 588 cases reviewed, 110 met the inclusion criteria. During follow-up, 50 cases (45.45%) progressed to dementia due to AD. Baseline levels of total and phosphorylated tau were higher in the group of patients that progressed to dementia than in those remaining with mild cognitive impairment. After adjusting for age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes, and educational level, a 10% increase in total tau protein values was associated with a 7.60% increase in the risk of progression to dementia (hazard ratio: 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.84]; P = .004). Among patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles, progressively higher concentrations of total or phosphorylated tau were associated with increased risk of progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Cuevas
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Baquero-Toledo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cuevas-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Martín-Ibáñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Pascual-Costa
- Servicio de análisis clínicos. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Moreno-Monedero
- Servicio de análisis clínicos. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cañada-Martínez
- Departamento de bioestadística. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Peña-Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Grupo de investigación en perinatología. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Ferrer-Cairols
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Álvarez-Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Cháfer-Pericás
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Grupo de investigación en perinatología. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Behzad M, Zirak N, Madani GH, Baidoo L, Rezaei A, Karbasi S, Sadeghi M, Shafie M, Mayeli M, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. CSF-Targeted Proteomics Indicate Amyloid-Beta Ratios in Patients with Alzheimer's Dementia Spectrum. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 2023:5336273. [PMID: 36793451 PMCID: PMC9925239 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5336273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to recent studies, amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have remarkable predictive value for cognitive decline in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to investigate the correlations between several targeted proteomics in CSF samples with Aβ ratios and cognitive scores in patients in AD spectrum to search for potential early diagnostic utility. Methods A total of 719 participants were found eligible for inclusion. Patients were then categorized into cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD and underwent an assessment of Aβ and proteomics. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) were used for further cognitive assessment. The Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, and Aβ42/38 ratios were considered as means of comparison to identify those peptides corresponding significantly to these established biomarkers and cognitive scores. The diagnostic utility of the IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, EPVAGDAVPGPK, and QETLPSK was assessed. Results All investigated peptides corresponded significantly to Aβ42 in controls. In those with MCI, VAELEDEK and EPVAGDAVPGPK were significantly correlated with Aβ42 (p value < 0.001). Additionally, IASNTQSR, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, and QETLPSK were significantly correlated with Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/38 (p value < 0.001) in this group. This group of peptides similarly corresponded to Aβ ratios in those with AD. Eventually, IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, and VVSSIEQK were significantly associated with CDR, ADAS-11, and ADAS-13, particularly in MCI group. Conclusion Our research suggests potential early diagnostic and prognostic utilities for certain peptides extracted from CSF-targeted proteomics research. The ethical approval of ADNI is available at ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier: NCT00106899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Behzad
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistery, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Zirak
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Hamidi Madani
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
| | - Linda Baidoo
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Karbasi
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Shafie
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Mendelian Randomisation Confirms the Role of Y-Chromosome Loss in Alzheimer's Disease Aetiopathogenesis in Men. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020898. [PMID: 36674414 PMCID: PMC9863537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common ageing-related somatic event and has been previously associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mLOY estimation from genotype microarray data only reflects the mLOY degree of subjects at the moment of DNA sampling. Therefore, mLOY phenotype associations with AD can be severely age-confounded in the context of genome-wide association studies. Here, we applied Mendelian randomisation to construct an age-independent mLOY polygenic risk score (mloy-PRS) using 114 autosomal variants. The mloy-PRS instrument was associated with an 80% increase in mLOY risk per standard deviation unit (p = 4.22 × 10-20) and was orthogonal with age. We found that a higher genetic risk for mLOY was associated with faster progression to AD in men with mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23, p = 0.01). Importantly, mloy-PRS had no effect on AD conversion or risk in the female group, suggesting that these associations are caused by the inherent loss of the Y chromosome. Additionally, the blood mLOY phenotype in men was associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau181 in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Our results strongly suggest that mLOY is involved in AD pathogenesis.
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11
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Forno G, Saranathan M, Contador J, Guillen N, Falgàs N, Tort-Merino A, Balasa M, Sanchez-Valle R, Hornberger M, Lladó A. Thalamic nuclei changes in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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12
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Driscoll I, Ma Y, Lose SR, Gallagher CL, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. AD-associated CSF biomolecular changes are attenuated in KL-VS heterozygotes. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12383. [PMID: 36505396 PMCID: PMC9728548 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dementia as an inevitable aging consequence has been challenged and underscores the need for investigations of the factors that confer resilience. We examine whether the functionally advantageous KL-VS variant of the putative aging suppressor KLOTHO gene attenuates age-related cognitive decline and deleterious biomolecular changes. Methods Trajectories of change in memory and executive function (N = 360; 2-12 visits) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers-amyloid beta (Aβ)42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) (N = 112; 2-4 samplings)-were compared between KL-VS non-carriers and heterozygotes in middle-aged and older adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center studies. Results Memory and executive function declined (p's≤ 0.001) and CSF t-tau, p-tau, t-tau/Aβ42, and p-tau/Aβ42 levels increased (all p's≤ 0.004) with age. The rate of p-tau accumulation was attenuated for KL-VS heterozygotes (p = 0.03). Discussion KL-VS heterozygosity may confer resilience to AD-associated biomolecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Departments of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
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13
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid and Tau Levels Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients Progressing to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071713. [PMID: 35885018 PMCID: PMC9313367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review of the literature in PubMed and Web of Science (April 2021) was performed by a single researcher to identify studies reporting immunologically-based (xMAP or ELISA) measures of CSF analytes Aβ(1-42) and/or P-tau and/or T-tau in clinical studies with at least two timepoints and a statement of diagnostic criteria. Of 1137 screened publications, 22 met the inclusion criteria for CSF Aβ(1-42) measures, 20 studies included T-tau, and 17 included P-tau. Six meta-analyses were conducted to compare the analytes for healthy controls (HC) versus progressive MCI (MCI_AD) and for non-progressive MCI (Stable_MCI) versus MCI_AD; effect sizes were determined using random effects models. The heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was confirmed with very high significance (p < 0.0001) for all meta-analyses except HC versus MCI_AD T-tau (p < 0.05) and P-tau (non-significant). Standard mean difference (SMD) was highly significant (p < 0.0001) for all comparisons (Stable_MCI versus MCI_AD: SMD [95%-CI] Aβ(1-42) = 1.19 [0.96,1.42]; T-tau = −1.03 [−1.24,−0.82]; P-tau = −1.03 [−1.47,−0.59]; HC versus MCI_AD: SMD Aβ(1-42) = 1.73 [1.39,2.07]; T-tau = −1.13 [−1.33,−0.93]; P-tau = −1.10 [−1.23,−0.96]). The follow-up interval in longitudinal evaluations was a critical factor in clinical study design, and the Aβ(1−42)/P-tau ratio most robustly differentiated progressive from non-progressive MCI. The value of amyloid-beta and tau as markers of patient outcome are supported by these findings.
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14
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Tau as a Biomarker of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137307. [PMID: 35806324 PMCID: PMC9266883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Less than 50 years since tau was first isolated from a porcine brain, its detection in femtolitre concentrations in biological fluids is revolutionizing the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the molecular and technological advances that have catapulted tau from obscurity to the forefront of biomarker diagnostics. Comprehensive updates are provided describing the burgeoning clinical applications of tau as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. For the clinician, tau not only enhances diagnostic accuracy, but holds promise as a predictor of clinical progression, phenotype, and response to drug therapy. For patients living with neurodegenerative disorders, characterization of tau dysregulation could provide much-needed clarity to a notoriously murky diagnostic landscape.
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15
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El-Ganainy SO, Soliman OA, Ghazy AA, Allam M, Elbahnasi AI, Mansour AM, Gowayed MA. Intranasal Oxytocin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment, β-Amyloid Burden and Tau Deposition in Female Rats with Alzheimer's Disease: Interplay of ERK1/2/GSK3β/Caspase-3. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2345-2356. [PMID: 35596040 PMCID: PMC9352611 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone that plays an important role in social bonding and behavior. Recent studies indicate that oxytocin could be involved in the regulation of neurological disorders. However, its role in modulating cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has never been explored. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the potential of chronic intranasal oxytocin in halting memory impairment & AD pathology in aluminum chloride-induced AD in female rats. Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive dysfunction in two-time points throughout the treatment period. In addition, neuroprotective effects of oxytocin were examined by assessing hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity, β-amyloid 1–42 protein, and Tau levels. In addition, ERK1/2, GSK3β, and caspase-3 levels were assessed as chief neurobiochemical mediators in AD. Hippocampi histopathological changes were also evaluated. These findings were compared to the standard drug galantamine alone and combined with oxytocin. Results showed that oxytocin restored cognitive functions and improved animals’ behavior in the Morris test. This was accompanied by a significant decline in acetylcholinesterase activity, 1–42 β-amyloid and Tau proteins levels. Hippocampal ERK1/2 and GSK3β were also reduced, exceeding galantamine effects, thus attenuating AD pathological hallmarks formation. Determination of caspase-3 revealed low cytoplasmic positivity, indicating the ceasing of neuronal death. Histopathological examination confirmed these findings, showing restored hippocampal cells structure. Combined galantamine and oxytocin treatment showed even better biochemical and histopathological profiles. It can be thus concluded that oxytocin possesses promising neuroprotective potential in AD mediated via restoring cognition and suppressing β-amyloid, Tau accumulation, and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omar A Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aya A Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Maram Allam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aya I Elbahnasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Loss of speech and functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease-related primary progressive aphasia: predictive factors of decline. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Pathak N, Vimal SK, Tandon I, Agrawal L, Hongyi C, Bhattacharyya S. Neurodegenerative Disorders of Alzheimer, Parkinsonism, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis: An Early Diagnostic Approach for Precision Treatment. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:67-104. [PMID: 34719771 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterised by progressive dysfunction of synapses, neurons, glial cells and their networks. Neurodegenerative diseases can be classified according to primary clinical features (e.g., dementia, parkinsonism, or motor neuron disease), anatomic distribution of neurodegeneration (e.g., frontotemporal degenerations, extrapyramidal disorders, or spinocerebellar degenerations), or principal molecular abnormalities. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are amyloidosis, tauopathies, a-synucleinopathy, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteopathy. The protein abnormalities in these disorders have abnormal conformational properties along with altered cellular mechanisms, and they exhibit motor deficit, mitochondrial malfunction, dysfunctions in autophagic-lysosomal pathways, synaptic toxicity, and more emerging mechanisms such as the roles of stress granule pathways and liquid-phase transitions. Finally, for each ND, microglial cells have been reported to be implicated in neurodegeneration, in particular, because the microglial responses can shift from neuroprotective to a deleterious role. Growing experimental evidence suggests that abnormal protein conformers act as seed material for oligomerization, spreading from cell to cell through anatomically connected neuronal pathways, which may in part explain the specific anatomical patterns observed in brain autopsy sample. In this review, we mention the human pathology of select neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on how neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) represent a great healthcare problem worldwide and are becoming prevalent because of the increasing aged population. Despite many studies have focused on their etiopathology, the exact cause of these diseases is still largely unknown and until now with the only available option of symptomatic treatments. In this review, we aim to report the systematic and clinically correlated potential biomarker candidates. Although future studies are necessary for their use in early detection and progression in humans affected by NDs, the promising results obtained by several groups leads us to this idea that biomarkers could be used to design a potential therapeutic approach and preclinical clinical trials for the treatments of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunil Kumar Vimal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ishi Tandon
- Amity University Jaipur, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lokesh Agrawal
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Kansei Behavioural and Brain Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Cao Hongyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Espenes R, Kirsebom BE, Eriksson C, Waterloo K, Hessen E, Johnsen SH, Selnes P, Fladby T. Amyloid Plaques and Symptoms of Depression Links to Medical Help-Seeking due to Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:879-890. [PMID: 32333584 PMCID: PMC7369054 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, patients reporting SCD to their general practitioner are not always referred to a memory clinic. Objective: To investigate whether prior history of medical help-seeking is associated with AD biomarker abnormality, worse cognitive performance, and/or depressive symptoms in SCD. Methods: We compared levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1 - 42, cognitive performance, and depressive symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15) between healthy controls (n = 88), SCD with a history of medical help seeking (SCD-HS, n = 67), and SCD non help-seekers (SCD-NHS, n = 44). Cases with evidence of amyloid plaques (CSF Aβ1 - 42 ≤708 ng/l) and symptoms of depression (GDS-15≥6) were determined in both SCD groups. Results: The SCD-HS group had lower CSF Aβ1 - 42 (p < 0.01), lower word list learning and memory recall (p < 0.0001), and an increased level of depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001) compared to controls and SCD-NHS cases. The SCD-HS group had more cases with symptoms of depression (n = 12, 18%) and amyloid plaques (n = 18, 27%) compared to SCD-NHS (n = 1, 2% and n = 7, 16%, respectively). None of the SCD-HS cases and only one SCD-NHS case had concurrent symptoms of depression and amyloid plaques. The SCD-HS cases showed equal word list learning and memory performance regardless of amyloid status or symptoms of depression. Conclusion: Medical help-seeking in SCD is associated with an increased risk of AD pathology or symptoms of depression. However, subtle memory deficits are seen in SCD help-seekers, also without amyloid plaques or symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragna Espenes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cecilia Eriksson
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Lathuiliere A, Hyman BT. Quantitative Methods for the Detection of Tau Seeding Activity in Human Biofluids. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654176. [PMID: 33828458 PMCID: PMC8020844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of tau aggregates to recruit and misfold monomeric tau and propagate across brain regions has been studied extensively and is now recognized as a critical pathological step in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Recent evidence suggests that the detection of tau seeds in human samples may be relevant and correlate with clinical data. Here, we review the available methods for the measurement of such tau seeds, their limitations and their potential implementation for the development of the next-generation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Arastoo M, Lofthouse R, Penny LK, Harrington CR, Porter A, Wischik CM, Palliyil S. Current Progress and Future Directions for Tau-Based Fluid Biomarker Diagnostics in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8673. [PMID: 33212983 PMCID: PMC7698492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continued efforts, there remain no disease-modifying drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) to combat the global epidemic of Alzheimer's disease. Currently approved medicines are unable to delay disease progression and are limited to symptomatic treatment. It is well established that the pathophysiology of this disease remains clinically silent for decades prior to symptomatic clinical decline. Identifying those at risk of disease progression could allow for effective treatment whilst the therapeutic window remains open for preservation of quality of life. This review aims to evaluate critically the current advances in the interpretation of tau-based biomarkers and their use to provide insights into the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease, whilst highlighting important future directions for the field. This review emphasises the need for a more comprehensive analysis and interrogation of tau within biological fluids, to aid in obtaining a disease specific molecular signature for each stage of Alzheimer's disease. Success in achieving this could provide essential utility for presymptomatic patient selection for clinical trials, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arastoo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
| | - Richard Lofthouse
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
| | - Lewis K. Penny
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
| | - Charles R. Harrington
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Genting TauRx Diagnostic Centre Sdn. Bhd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Andy Porter
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
| | - Claude M. Wischik
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Genting TauRx Diagnostic Centre Sdn. Bhd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Soumya Palliyil
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (M.A.); (R.L.); (L.K.P.); (C.R.H.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK
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21
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Cantero JL, Atienza M, Ramos-Cejudo J, Fossati S, Wisniewski T, Osorio RS. Plasma tau predicts cerebral vulnerability in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21004-21022. [PMID: 33147571 PMCID: PMC7695405 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cerebral vulnerability in late life may help prevent or slow the progression of aging-related chronic diseases. However, non-invasive biomarkers aimed at detecting subclinical cerebral changes in the elderly are lacking. Here, we have examined the potential of plasma total tau (t-tau) for identifying cerebral and cognitive deficits in normal elderly subjects. Patterns of cortical thickness and cortical glucose metabolism were used as outcomes of cerebral vulnerability. We found that increased plasma t-tau levels were associated with widespread reductions of cortical glucose uptake, thinning of the temporal lobe, and memory deficits. Importantly, tau-related reductions of glucose consumption in the orbitofrontal cortex emerged as a determining factor of the relationship between cortical thinning and memory loss. Together, these results support the view that plasma t-tau may serve to identify subclinical cerebral and cognitive deficits in normal aging, allowing detection of individuals at risk for developing aging-related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Ramos-Cejudo
- Division of Brain Aging, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Division of Brain Aging, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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22
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López-Cuevas R, Baquero-Toledo M, Cuevas-Jiménez A, Martín-Ibáñez N, Pascual-Costa R, Moreno-Monedero MJ, Cañada-Martínez A, Peña-Bautista C, Ferrer-Cairols I, Álvarez-Sánchez L, Cháfer-Pericás C. Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2020; 38:S0213-4853(20)30292-9. [PMID: 33143865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients assessed at our memory unit for whom Alzheimer disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid biomarker results were available. We selected patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association clinical criteria), confirmed neuropsychological deficit, a Global Deterioration Scale score of 3, and an abnormal profile of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Of the 588 cases reviewed, 110 met the inclusion criteria. During follow-up, 50 cases (45.45%) progressed to dementia due to AD. Baseline levels of total and phosphorylated tau were higher in the group of patients that progressed to dementia than in those remaining with mild cognitive impairment. After adjusting for age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes, and educational level, a 10% increase in total tau protein values was associated with a 7.60% increase in the risk of progression to dementia (hazard ratio: 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.84]; P = .004). Among patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles, progressively higher concentrations of total or phosphorylated tau were associated with increased risk of progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Cuevas
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
| | - M Baquero-Toledo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - A Cuevas-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - N Martín-Ibáñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - R Pascual-Costa
- Servicio de análisis clínicos. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - M J Moreno-Monedero
- Servicio de análisis clínicos. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - A Cañada-Martínez
- Departamento de bioestadística. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - C Peña-Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Grupo de investigación en perinatología. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - I Ferrer-Cairols
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - L Álvarez-Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Unidad de trastornos cognitivos. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - C Cháfer-Pericás
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurodegeneración y Biomarcadores de Daño Neurológico, Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Grupo de investigación en perinatología. Instituto de investigación sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España
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23
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Pillai JA, Bonner-Jackson A, Bekris LM, Safar J, Bena J, Leverenz JB. Highly Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau Level Reflects Higher Likelihood of Non-Amnestic Subtype of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:1051-1058. [PMID: 31306137 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau (t-tau) protein are thought to reflect the intensity of the neuronal damage in neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recent link of CSF t-tau to rapidly progressive AD raises the question among other AD clinical variants regarding CSF t-tau. We investigated the clinical phenotypes of AD patients with varying CSF t-tau levels. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that highly elevated CSF t-tau level would have a higher likelihood of presenting with atypical non-amnestic variants of AD. METHODS Retrospective comparative case study of 97 patients evaluated in a memory clinic with clinical presentation and CSF biomarkers consistent with AD. We compared the age, sex, education, APOEɛ4 status, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, clinical phenotype, and MRI volumetric measures by CSF t-tau quartile at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate if CSF t-tau levels predict non-amnestic presentations controlling for covariates. RESULTS Non-amnestic AD had a higher median CSF t-tau level compared to amnestic-AD (p = 0.014). Each 50 pg/ml increase in CSF t-tau was associated with an increase in the odds of having a non-amnestic presentation (7.4%) and aphasia (10.6 %) as the initial presenting symptom even after taking into account; age, sex, education, APOEɛ4, MoCA, and CSF Aβ42. Logopenic AD had higher t-tau and p-tau levels compared to other variants. CONCLUSIONS Highly elevated CSF t-tau levels could indicate more cortical involvement presenting with early non-amnestic symptoms in atypical AD subtypes, particularly in the logopenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Lynn M Bekris
- Department of Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiri Safar
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jim Bena
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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24
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Romani A, Trentini A, van der Flier WM, Bellini T, Zuliani G, Cervellati C, Teunissen CE. Arylesterase Activity of Paraoxonase-1 in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050456. [PMID: 32466344 PMCID: PMC7278748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that circulating Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), which closely interacts with the antioxidant enzyme, could be implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) development. This study aimed to evaluate PON1 changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as evidence for its association with AD or VaD. METHODS Serum PON-arylesterase activity was measured in patients with AD, VaD, and CONTROLS distributed in two cohorts: Ferrara cohort (FC: n = 503, age = 74 years) and Amsterdam Dementia cohort (ADC: n = 71, age = 65 years). In the last cohort, CSF PON-arylesterase, CSF β-amyloid1-42, p-tau and t-tau, and imaging biomarkers were also measured. RESULTS AD and VaD patients of FC showed significantly lower levels of serum PON-arylesterase compared to CONTROLS, but this outcome was driven by older subjects (>71 years, p < 0.0001). In the younger ADC, a similar decreasing (but not significant) trend was observed in serum and CSF. Intriguingly, PON-arylesterase per APOA1 correlated with t-tau in AD group (r = -0.485, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION These results suggest that decreased peripheral PON-arylesterase might be a specific feature of older AD/VaD patients. Moreover, we showed that PON-arylesterase/APOA1 is inversely related to neurodegeneration in AD patients, suggesting a prognostic usefulness of this composite parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Romani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-053-2455-322
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.M.v.d.F.); (C.E.T.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.M.v.d.F.); (C.E.T.)
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25
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Tadayon E, Pascual-Leone A, Press D, Santarnecchi E. Choroid plexus volume is associated with levels of CSF proteins: relevance for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 89:108-117. [PMID: 32107064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a major source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, with a direct and indirect role in protein clearance, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we tested the link between the ChP volume and levels of CSF proteins in 2 data sets of (i) healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 509), and (ii) healthy controls and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (N = 302). All patients had baseline CSF proteins (amyloid-β, total and phosphorylated-tau and α-synuclein (only in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative)). ChP was automatically segmented on 3T structural T1-weighted MRIs. We found negative associations between ChP volume and CSF proteins, which were stronger in healthy controls, early-MCI patients, and PD patients compared with late-MCI and AD patients. Further grouping of patients of ADNI dataset into amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative based on their florbetapir (AV45) PET imaging showed that the association between ChP volume and CSF proteins (t/p-tau) was lower in amyloid-positive group. Our findings support the possible role of ChP in the clearance of CSF proteins, provide evidence for ChP dysfunction in AD, and suggest the need to account for the ChP volume in future studies of CSF-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Tadayon
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Guttmann Institut, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Press
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Wattmo C, Blennow K, Hansson O. Cerebro-spinal fluid biomarker levels: phosphorylated tau (T) and total tau (N) as markers for rate of progression in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 31918679 PMCID: PMC6951013 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the potential associations between cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) levels of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and total tau (T-tau) with short-term response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment, longitudinal outcome and progression rates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods This prospective, observational study included 129 participants clinically diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AD, who underwent a lumbar puncture. The CSF biomarkers amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ42), P-tau and T-tau were analysed with xMAP technology. Cognitive, global, instrumental and basic activities of daily living (ADL) capacities at the start of ChEI therapy and semi-annually over 3 years were evaluated. Results All patients had abnormal Aβ42 (A+). Fifty-eight individuals (45%) exhibited normal P-tau and T-tau (A+ T– (N)–), 12 (9%) abnormal P-tau/normal T-tau (A+ T+ (N)–), 17 (13%) normal P-tau/abnormal T-tau (A+ T– (N)+) and 42 (33%) abnormal P-tau and T-tau (A+ T+ (N)+). The participants with A+ T+ (N)+ were younger than A+ T– (N)+ at the estimated onset of AD and the initiation of ChEIs. The proportion of 6-month responders to ChEI and deterioration/year after start of treatment did not differ between the AT(N) profiles in any scales. A higher percentage of globally improved/unchanged patients was exhibited in the A+ T– (N)– group after 12, 30 and 36 months of ChEI therapy but not at other assessments. In apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-carriers, linear relationships were found between greater cognitive decline/year and higher tau; Mini-Mental State Examination score – T-tau (rs = − 0.257, p = 0.014) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale – P-tau (rs = − 0.242, p = 0.022). A correlation between faster progression in instrumental ADL (IADL) and higher T-tau was also detected (rs = − 0.232, p = 0.028). These associations were not demonstrated in non-ε4-carriers. Conclusions Younger age and faster global deterioration were observed in AD patients with pathologic tau and neurodegeneration, whereas more rapid cognitive and IADL decline were related to higher P-tau or T-tau in APOE ε4-carriers only. The results might indicate an association between more pronounced tau pathology/neuronal injury and the APOE ε4-allele leading to a worse prognosis. Our findings showed that the AT(N) biomarker profiles have limited utility to predict AD progression rates and, thus, measure change and interpreting outcomes from clinical trials of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wattmo
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Park JC, Han SH, Yi D, Byun MS, Lee JH, Jang S, Ko K, Jeon SY, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I. Plasma tau/amyloid-β1-42 ratio predicts brain tau deposition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 142:771-786. [PMID: 30668647 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is abnormal deposition of tau proteins in the brain. Although plasma tau has been proposed as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, a direct link to brain deposition of tau is limited. Here, we estimated the amount of in vivo tau deposition in the brain by PET imaging and measured plasma levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau, T181) and amyloid-β1-42. We found significant correlations of plasma p-tau, t-tau, p-tau/amyloid-β1-42, and t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 with brain tau deposition in cross-sectional and longitudinal manners. In particular, t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 in plasma was highly predictive of brain tau deposition, exhibiting 80% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Interestingly, the brain regions where plasma t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 correlated with brain tau were similar to the typical deposition sites of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the longitudinal changes in cerebral amyloid deposition, brain glucose metabolism, and hippocampal volume change were also highly associated with plasma t-tau/amyloid-β1-42. These results indicate that combination of plasma tau and amyloid-β1-42 levels might be potential biomarkers for predicting brain tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ko
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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VGF in Cerebrospinal Fluid Combined With Conventional Biomarkers Enhances Prediction of Conversion From MCI to AD. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:307-314. [PMID: 31305322 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has suggested that the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of a neural protein involved in synaptic transmission, VGF (a noninitialism), may be altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer Disease (AD). The objective of the current work is to examine the potential of CSF levels of a peptide derived from VGF to predict conversion from MCI to AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using multivariate analytical approaches, the performance of the conventional biomarkers (CSF Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated tau +/- hippocampal volume) was compared with the same biomarkers combined with CSF VGF peptide levels in a large publicly available data set from human subjects. RESULTS It was observed that VGF peptides are lowered in CSF of patients with AD compared with controls and that combinations of CSF Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated tau, hippocampal volume, and VGF peptide levels outperformed conventional biomarkers alone (hazard ratio=2.2 vs. 3.9), for predicting MCI to AD conversion. CONCLUSIONS CSF VGF enhances the ability of conventional biomarkers to predict MCI to AD conversion. Future work will be needed to determine the specificity of VGF for AD versus other neurodegenerative diseases.
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29
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Ghidoni R, Squitti R, Siotto M, Benussi L. Innovative Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on the Hidden Disease Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1507-1518. [PMID: 29504534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of AD include the analysis of biomarkers of the underlying brain disease pathology; a set of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), are available and their performance in a clinical setting has been assessed in several studies. Thus, in dementia research, great advances have been made in the discovery of putative biomarkers; however, disappointingly, few of them have been translated into clinically applicable assays. To find biomarkers able to reliably detect AD pathology already at prodromal stages and in blood is even more important. Recent technical breakthroughs have provided ultrasensitive methods that allow the detection of brain-specific proteins in blood. In the present review, we will focus on the usefulness of ultrasensitive technologies for biomarker discovery and trace elements detection; moreover, we will review studies on circulating nano-compartments, a promising novel source of material for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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30
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Kirsebom BE, Nordengen K, Selnes P, Waterloo K, Torsetnes SB, Gísladóttir B, Brix B, Vanmechelen E, Bråthen G, Hessen E, Aarsland D, Fladby T. Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin/β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 predicts cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:617-627. [PMID: 30519627 PMCID: PMC6260221 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin (Ng)/β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) ratio may reflect synaptic affection resulting from reduced beta-amyloid (Aβ) clearance. We hypothesize that increased Ng/BACE1 ratio predicts the earliest cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Methods We compared Ng/BACE1 levels between cases with subjective cognitive decline (n = 18) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 20) both with amyloid plaques and healthy controls (APOE-ε4+, n = 16; APOE-ε4-, n = 20). We performed regression analyses between cerebrospinal fluid levels, baseline hippocampal and amygdala volumes, and pertinent cognitive measures (memory, attention, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]) at baseline and after 2 years. Results Ng/BACE1 levels were elevated in both subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. Higher Ng/BACE1 ratio was associated with lower hippocampal and amygdala volumes; lower baseline memory functions, attention, and MMSE; and significant decline in MMSE and memory function at 2-year follow-up. Discussion High Ng/BACE1 ratio predicts cognitive decline also in preclinical cases with amyloid plaques. CSF Ng/BACE1 may confer synapse loss tied to β-amyloid disease mechanism. CSF Ng/BACE1 is increased already in preclinical cases with amyloid plaques High CSF Ng/BACE1 is the only biomarker related to lower baseline memory function. High CSF Ng is the only biomarker related to reduced baseline hippocampal volume. High CSF Ng predicts decline in verbal memory function at 2-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Berglind Gísladóttir
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | | | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Ashton NJ, Ide M, Schöll M, Blennow K, Lovestone S, Hye A, Zetterberg H. No association of salivary total tau concentration with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:125-127. [PMID: 30007161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for an accessible biomarker that can complement current cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers in an accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Saliva is a rich source of potential biomarkers and proteins related to neurodegenerative disorders have been shown to be present in this matrix, including tau. In this study, we quantified salivary total tau (t-tau) concentration in 160 healthy elderly control, 68 mild cognitive impairment, and 53 AD participants using ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. No median difference in salivary t-tau concentration was found between AD and mild cognitive impairment or healthy elderly control (12.3 ng/L, 9.8 ng/L and 9.6 ng/L, respectively, p = 0.219). In addition, there was no association of salivary t-tau concentration with neurophysiological assessment or structural magnetic resonance imaging. Despite a nominal increase in AD, due to the large overlaps in concentrations between clinical groups, we conclude that salivary t-tau is a suitable biomarker neither for AD nor for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK.
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology/Oral and Mucosal Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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32
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Gifford KA, Liu D, Neal JE, Acosta LMY, Bell SP, Wiggins ME, Wisniewski KM, Godfrey M, Logan LA, Hohman TJ, Pechman KR, Libon DJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jefferson AL. Validity and Normative Data for the Biber Figure Learning Test: A Visual Supraspan Memory Measure. Assessment 2018; 27:1320-1334. [PMID: 29809069 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118773870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Biber Figure Learning Test (BFLT), a visuospatial serial figure learning test, was evaluated for biological correlates and psychometric properties, and normative data were generated. Nondemented individuals (n = 332, 73 ± 7, 41% female) from the Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project completed a comprehensive neuropsychological protocol. Adjusted regression models related BFLT indices to structural brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of brain health. Regression-based normative data were generated. Lower BFLT performances (Total Learning, Delayed Recall, Recognition) related to smaller medial temporal lobe volumes and higher CSF tau concentrations but not CSF amyloid. BFLT indices were most strongly correlated with other measures of verbal and nonverbal memory and visuospatial skills. The BFLT provides a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of visuospatial learning and memory and is sensitive to biomarkers of unhealthy brain aging. Enhanced normative data enriches the clinical utility of this visual serial figure learning test for use with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dandan Liu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Susan P Bell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura A Logan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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33
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Tajeddinn W, Fereshtehnejad SM, Seed Ahmed M, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Shahnaz T, Milovanovic M, Behbahani H, Höglund K, Winblad B, Cedazo-Minguez A, Jelic V, Järemo P, Aarsland D. Association of Platelet Serotonin Levels in Alzheimer's Disease with Clinical and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:621-30. [PMID: 27163811 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure 5-HT level in platelets in AD and explore its association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), AD biomarkers (amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)), and clinical symptoms. METHODS 15 patients with AD and 20 patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) were included. 5-HT metabolites were measured, in a specific fraction, using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). RESULTS Significantly lower 5-HT concentrations were observed in AD patients compared to SCI patients both after normalization against total protein (p = 0.008) or platelet count (p = 0.019). SCI patients with lower 5-HT level have higher AD CSF biomarkers, total tau (p = 0.026) and tau/Aβ42 ratio (p = 0.001), compared to those with high 5-HT levels. CONCLUSION AD patients have reduced platelet 5-HT levels. In SCI, lower 5-HT content was associated with a higher AD-CSF biomarker burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Tajeddinn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Seed Ahmed
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related-Diseases, London, UK.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Takashi Yoshitake
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tasmin Shahnaz
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Micha Milovanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Järemo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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34
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Metallomics Applied to the Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:21-37. [PMID: 29884960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and mental (such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) diseases. As the pathophysiology of these illnesses is not completely established and multiple factors are involved, metallomics, a bioanalytical strategy that allows the detection of metal ions and metalloproteins in diverse biological matrices, is of extreme relevance in identifying which elements are affected by a disease and/or treatment. Thus, determining which element ions suffer disturbances in their homeostasis during the disease progress is relevant to understand the biochemical changes and propose new drug targets. In addition, it is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of pathological neurodegenerative and mental diseases, which may be caused by metal ion dyshomeostasis, so it is also important to understand endogenous antioxidant metalloprotein and metalloenzyme mechanisms in this regard. In this context, recent applications of metallomics in the study of neurodegenerative and mental disorders are discussed in this chapter, as well as future trends in this research area.
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35
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Oligomeric forms of amyloid-β protein in plasma as a potential blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:98. [PMID: 29246249 PMCID: PMC5732503 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are the major toxic substances associated with the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability to measure Aβ oligomer levels in the blood would provide simple and minimally invasive tools for AD diagnostics. In the present study, the recently developed Multimer Detection System (MDS) for AD, a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring Aβ oligomers selectively, was used to detect Aβ oligomers in the plasma of patients with AD and healthy control individuals. Methods Twenty-four patients with AD and 37 cognitively normal control individuals underwent extensive clinical evaluations as follows: blood sampling; detailed neuropsychological tests; brain magnetic resonance imaging; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurement of Aβ42, phosphorylated tau protein (pTau), and total tau protein (tTau); and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography. Pearson’s correlation analyses between the estimations of Aβ oligomer levels by MDS and other conventional AD biomarkers (CSF Aβ42, pTau, and tTau, as well as PIB standardized uptake value ratio [PIB SUVR]) were conducted. ROC analyses were used to compare the diagnostic performance of each biomarker. Results The plasma levels of Aβ oligomers by MDS were higher in patients with AD than in normal control individuals, and they correlated well with conventional AD biomarkers (levels of Aβ oligomers by MDS vs. CSF Aβ42, r = −0.443; PIB SUVR, r = 0.430; CSF pTau, r = 0.530; CSF tTau, r = 0.604). The sensitivity and specificity of detecting plasma Aβ oligomers by MDS for differentiating AD from the normal controls were 78.3% and 86.5%, respectively. The AUC for plasma Aβ oligomers by MDS was 0.844, which was not significantly different from the AUC of other biomarkers (p = 0.250). Conclusions Plasma levels of Aβ oligomers could be assessed using MDS, which might be a simple, noninvasive, and accessible assay for evaluating brain amyloid deposition related to AD pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0324-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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36
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Sjödin S, Hansson O, Öhrfelt A, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Ubiquitin in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinsonian Disorders. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11:1700100. [PMID: 28972305 PMCID: PMC5765402 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunctional proteostasis, with decreased protein degradation and an accumulation of ubiquitin into aggregated protein inclusions, is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Identifying new potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflecting this process could contribute important information on pathophysiology. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A developed method combining SPE and PRM-MS is employed to monitor the concentration of ubiquitin in CSF from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Four independent cross-sectional studies are conducted, studies 1-4, including controls (n = 86) and participants with AD (n = 60), PD (n = 15), and PSP (n = 11). RESULTS The method shows a repeatability and intermediate precision not exceeding 6.1 and 7.9%, respectively. The determined LOD is 0.1 nm and the LOQ range between 0.625 and 80 nm. The CSF ubiquitin concentration is 1.2-1.5-fold higher in AD patients compared with controls in the three independent AD-control studies (Study 1, p < 0.001; Study 2, p < 0.001; and Study 3, p = 0.003). In the fourth study, there is no difference in PD or PSP, compared to controls. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CSF ubiquitin may reflect dysfunctional proteostasis in AD. The described method can be used for further exploration of ubiquitin as a potential biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sjödin
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden
- Memory ClinicSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Annika Öhrfelt
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity College London Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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37
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Alzheimer's disease markers in the aged sheep (Ovis aries). Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pawlowski M, Meuth SG, Duning T. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease-From Brain Starch to Bench and Bedside. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7030042. [PMID: 28703785 PMCID: PMC5617942 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Over the last three decades, research has advanced dramatically and provided a detailed understanding of the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. In parallel, assays for the detection of biomarkers that reflect the typical Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology have been developed and validated in myriads of clinical studies. Such biomarkers complement clinical diagnosis and improve diagnostic accuracy. The use of biomarkers will become even more important with the advent of disease-modifying therapies. Such therapies will likely be most beneficial when administered early in the disease course. Here, we summarise the development of the core Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: amyloid-β and tau. We provide an overview of their role in cellular physiology and Alzheimer’s disease pathology, and embed their development as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers into the historical context of Alzheimer’s disease research. Finally, we summarise recommendations for their use in clinical practice, and outline perspectives for novel cerebrospinal fluid candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pawlowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Thomas Duning
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Münster 48149, Germany.
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Han P, Serrano G, Beach TG, Caselli RJ, Yin J, Zhuang N, Shi J. A Quantitative Analysis of Brain Soluble Tau and the Tau Secretion Factor. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:44-51. [PMID: 28069930 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) represent products of insoluble tau protein in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau level is a biomarker in AD diagnosis. The soluble portion of tau protein in brain parenchyma is presumably the source for CSF tau but this has not previously been quantified. We measured CSF tau and soluble brain tau at autopsy in temporal and frontal brain tissue samples from 7 cognitive normal, 12 mild cognitively impaired, and 19 AD subjects. Based on the measured brain soluble tau, we calculated the whole brain tau load and estimated tau secretion factor. Our results suggest that the increase in NFT in AD is likely attributable to post-translational processes; the increase in CSF tau in AD patients is due to an accelerated carrier-based secretion. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction assessed by final Mini-Mental State Examination scores correlated with the secretion factor but not with the soluble tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Han
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Residency Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Junxiang Yin
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ningning Zhuang
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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40
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Olsson B, Schott JM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. The use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to measure change in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:767-775. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1341311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob Olsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M. Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
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41
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Mattsson N, Lönneborg A, Boccardi M, Blennow K, Hansson O. Clinical validity of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42, tau, and phospho-tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:196-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Hoy AR, Ly M, Carlsson CM, Okonkwo OC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Sager MA, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Alexander AL, Bendlin BB. Microstructural white matter alterations in preclinical Alzheimer's disease detected using free water elimination diffusion tensor imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173982. [PMID: 28291839 PMCID: PMC5349685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) begin decades before disease diagnosis. While β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are defining features of AD, neuronal loss and synaptic pathology are closely related to the cognitive dysfunction. Brain imaging methods that are tuned to assess degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers in the brain (collectively called white matter) include diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and related techniques, and are expected to shed light on disease-related loss of structural connectivity. Participants (N = 70, ages 47-76 years) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study underwent DTI and hybrid diffusion imaging to determine a free-water elimination (FWE-DTI) model. The study assessed the extent to which preclinical AD pathology affects brain white matter. Preclinical AD pathology was determined using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. The sample was enriched for AD risk (APOE ε4 and parental history of AD). AD pathology assessed by CSF analyses was significantly associated with altered microstructure on both DTI and FWE-DTI. Affected regions included frontal, parietal, and especially temporal white matter. The f-value derived from the FWE-DTI model appeared to be the most sensitive to the relationship between the CSF AD biomarkers and microstructural alterations in white matter. These findings suggest that white matter degeneration is an early pathological feature of AD that may have utility both for early disease detection and as outcome measures for clinical trials. More complex models of microstructural diffusion properties including FWE-DTI may provide increased sensitivity to early brain changes associated with AD over standard DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Hoy
- Lieutenant, Medical Service Corp, United States Navy, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martina Ly
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Alexopoulos P, Werle L, Roesler J, Thierjung N, Gleixner LS, Yakushev I, Laskaris N, Wagenpfeil S, Gourzis P, Kurz A, Perneczky R. Conflicting cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and progression to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:51. [PMID: 27931251 PMCID: PMC5146856 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to new diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease (AD), biomarkers enable estimation of the individual likelihood of underlying AD pathophysiology and the associated risk of progression to AD dementia for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Nonetheless, how conflicting biomarker constellations affect the progression risk is still elusive. The present study explored the impact of different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker constellations on the progression risk of MCI patients. METHODS A multicentre cohort of 469 patients with MCI and available CSF biomarker results and clinical follow-up data was considered. Biomarker values were categorized as positive for AD, negative or borderline. Progression risk differences between patients with different constellations of total Tau (t-Tau), phosphorylated Tau at threonine 181 (p-Tau) and amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42) were studied. Group comparison analyses and Cox regression models were employed. RESULTS Patients with all biomarkers positive for AD (N = 145) had the highest hazard for progression to dementia due to AD, whilst patients with no positive biomarkers (N = 111) had the lowest. The risk of patients with only abnormal p-Tau and/or t-Tau (N = 49) or with positive Aβ42 in combination with positive t-Tau or p-Tau (N = 119) is significantly lower than that of patients with all biomarkers positive. CONCLUSIONS The risk of progression to dementia due to AD differs between patients with different CSF biomarker constellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece.
| | - Lukas Werle
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, München, Germany
| | - Jennifer Roesler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Nathalie Thierjung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Gleixner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Laskaris
- Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute of Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology, and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), University of the Saarland, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, W6 8RP, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Nußbaumstraße 7, München, 80336, Germany
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44
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Rodrigues FB, Byrne LM, McColgan P, Robertson N, Tabrizi SJ, Zetterberg H, Wild EJ. Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers Reflect Clinical Severity in Huntington's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163479. [PMID: 27657730 PMCID: PMC5033331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune system activation is involved in Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis and biomarkers for this process could be relevant to study the disease and characterise the therapeutic response to specific interventions. We aimed to study inflammatory cytokines and microglial markers in the CSF of HD patients. METHODS CSF TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, YKL-40, chitotriosidase, total tau and neurofilament light chain (NFL) from 23 mutation carriers and 14 healthy controls were assayed. RESULTS CSF TNF-α and IL-1β were below the limit of detection. Mutation carriers had higher YKL-40 (p = 0.003), chitotriosidase (p = 0.015) and IL-6 (p = 0.041) than controls. YKL-40 significantly correlated with disease stage (p = 0.007), UHDRS total functional capacity score (r = -0.46, p = 0.016), and UHDRS total motor score (r = 0.59, p = 4.5*10-4) after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION YKL-40 levels in CSF may, after further study, come to have a role as biomarkers for some aspects of HD. Further investigation is needed to support our exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M. Byrne
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter McColgan
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Robertson
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Wild
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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45
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Shekhar S, Kumar R, Rai N, Kumar V, Singh K, Upadhyay AD, Tripathi M, Dwivedi S, Dey AB, Dey S. Estimation of Tau and Phosphorylated Tau181 in Serum of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159099. [PMID: 27459603 PMCID: PMC4961391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Tau and phosphorylated Tau181 (p-Tau181) proteins are well established hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated level of p-Tau181 can differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative disease. However, the expression level of these proteins in serum of AD patient is not well set up. This study sought to evaluate the level of Tau and p-Tau181 in serum of AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients for an alternative approach to establish protein-based markers by convenient way. Blood samples were collected from 39 AD patients, 37 MCI patients and 37 elderly individuals as controls. The levels of Tau and p-Tau181 in the serum of the different groups were measured by label free real time Surface Plasmon Resonance technology by using specific antibodies, and were further confirmed by the conventional western blot method. An appropriate statistical analysis, including Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), was performed. The concentrations of serum Tau and p-Tau181 were significantly higher (p<0.00001) in AD (Tau; 47.49±9.00ng/μL, p-Tau181; 0.161±0.04 ng/μL) compared to MCI (Tau; 39.26±7.78 ng/μL, p-Tau181; 0.135±0.02 ng/μL) and were further higher compared to elderly controls (Tau; 34.92±6.58 ng/μL, p-Tau181; 0.122±0.01 ng/ μL). A significant (p<0.0001) downhill correlation was found between Tau as well as p-Tau181 levels with HMSE and MoCA score. This study for the first time reports the concentration of Tau and p-Tau181 in serum of AD and MCI patients. The cutoff values of Tau and p-Tau181 of AD and MCI patients with sensitivity and specificity reveal that serum level of these proteins can be used as a predictive marker for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Biophysics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biophysics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nitish Rai
- Department of Biophysics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kusum Singh
- Department of Biophysics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sadanand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Aparajit B. Dey
- Department of Geriatric Medicine of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- * E-mail:
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46
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Lista S, O'Bryant SE, Blennow K, Dubois B, Hugon J, Zetterberg H, Hampel H. Biomarkers in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:291-317. [PMID: 26401553 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic (sAD) or inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion, and less than 1% of cases are autosomal-dominant. Forms of sAD do not exhibit familial aggregation and are characterized by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Recently, the expansion of genomic methodologies, in association with substantially larger combined cohorts, has resulted in various genome-wide association studies that have identified several novel genetic associations of AD. Currently, the most effective methods for establishing the diagnosis of AD are defined by multi-modal pathways, starting with clinical and neuropsychological assessment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and brain-imaging procedures, all of which have significant cost- and access-to-care barriers. Consequently, research efforts have focused on the development and validation of non-invasive and generalizable blood-based biomarkers. Among the modalities conceptualized by the systems biology paradigm and utilized in the "exploratory biomarker discovery arena", proteome analysis has received the most attention. However, metabolomics, lipidomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics have recently become key modalities in the search for AD biomarkers. Interestingly, biomarker changes for familial AD (fAD), in many but not all cases, seem similar to those for sAD. The integration of neurogenetics with systems biology/physiology-based strategies and high-throughput technologies for molecular profiling is expected to help identify the causes, mechanisms, and biomarkers associated with the various forms of AD. Moreover, in order to hypothesize the dynamic trajectories of biomarkers through disease stages and elucidate the mechanisms of biomarker alterations, updated and more sophisticated theoretical models have been proposed for both sAD and fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research & Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 07, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM), Inserm UMR_S 839, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
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47
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Degerman Gunnarsson M, Ingelsson M, Blennow K, Basun H, Lannfelt L, Kilander L. High tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid predict nursing home placement and rapid progression in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:22. [PMID: 27263933 PMCID: PMC4893835 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau, as well as decreased amyloid-β 42 peptide, are biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, but few studies have shown an association with AD progression rate. We hypothesized that high CSF tau, as a marker of ongoing neurodegeneration, would predict a more aggressive course of AD, using time to nursing home placement (NHP) as the main outcome. Methods Our sample inlcuded 234 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 134) or mild to moderate AD (n = 100) who underwent lumbar puncture at a memory clinic and were followed for 2–11 years (median 4.9 years). Results Individuals with CSF t-tau in the highest quartile (≥900 ng/L) had a higher ratio of NHP, both in the total cohort and in patients with MCI only (adjusted HR 2.17 [95 % CI 1.24–3.80]; HR 2.37 [95 % CI 1.10–5.09], respectively), than the lowest quartile. The association between high t-tau levels and future steep deterioration was confirmed in analyses with conversion to moderate dementia (HR 1.66; 95 % CI 1.08–2.56), rapid decline in Mini Mental State Examination score (≥4-point drop/12 months), and dying in severe dementia as outcomes. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that high CSF t-tau levels predict early NHP and conversion to moderate dementia in an AD cohort. Selecting patients with high CSF t-tau, indicating more aggressive neurodegeneration and steeper decline, for AD immunotherapy trials might increase the possibility of showing contrast between active treatment and placebo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0191-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Degerman Gunnarsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hans Basun
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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CSF biomarkers in neurodegenerative and vascular dementias. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 138-140:36-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Cohen OS, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Warman-Alaluf N, Nitsan Z, Appel S, Kahana E, Rosenmann H. CSF tau correlates with CJD disease severity and cognitive decline. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:119-123. [PMID: 26014384 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common prion disease in humans. The clinical diagnosis of CJD is supported by a combination of electroencephalogram, MRI, and the presence in the CSF of biomarkers. CSF tau is a marker for neuronal damage and tangle pathology, and is correlated with cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether tau levels in the CSF also correlate with the degree of the neurological deficit and cognitive decline in patients with CJD as reflected by various clinical scales that assess disease severity and cognitive performance. METHODS Consecutive patients with familial CJD (fCJD) were examined by a neurologist who performed several tests including minimental status examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), NIH stroke scale (NIHSS), CJD neurological scale (CJD-NS), and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). CSF tau was tested as part of the workout, and the correlation was tested using Pearson correlation. RESULTS Fifty-two patients with fCJD were recruited to the study (35 males, mean age 59.4 ± 5.7, range 48-75 years). A significant negative correlation was found between CSF tau levels and the cognitive performance of the patients as reflected by their MMSE and FAB scores. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between tau levels and the clinical disease severity scales of CJD-NS, NIHSS, and EDSS. CONCLUSION The correlation between tau levels and the disease severity and degree of cognitive decline in patients with fCJD suggests that tau can be a biomarker reflecting the extent of neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Cohen
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - J. Chapman
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - A. D. Korczyn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - N. Warman-Alaluf
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
| | - Z. Nitsan
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
| | - S. Appel
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
| | - E. Kahana
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
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50
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Rethinking on the concept of biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:663-72. [PMID: 26792010 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuropathological processes eventually leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are thought to start decades before the appearance of clinical symptoms and the clinical diagnosis of AD dementia. The term "preclinical AD" has been recently introduced to identify this "silent stage" of AD, when the disease is already present, but symptoms are not yet clinically evident. Advances in AD biomarkers have dramatically improved the ability to detect AD pathological processes in vivo in cognitively intact subjects, thus demonstrating the presence of AD pathology in the preclinical phase. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of neuroimaging and CSF AD biomarkers specifically in the preclinical phase of AD, and aims to discuss the significance that such biomarkers could have in cognitively intact subjects. Even though the use of such biomarkers in AD preclinical phase has contributed to improve our understanding of AD early pathological processes, it raised also a number of new challenges that still remain to be overcome, such as a better definition of the clinical and individual significance of currently known biomarkers in preclinical stages and the development of novel biomarkers of different early AD-related events.
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