1
|
Ozernov-Palchik O, O’Brien AM, Jiachen Lee E, Richardson H, Romeo R, Lipkin B, Small H, Capella J, Nieto-Castañón A, Saxe R, Gabrieli JDE, Fedorenko E. Precision fMRI reveals that the language network exhibits adult-like left-hemispheric lateralization by 4 years of age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594172. [PMID: 38798360 PMCID: PMC11118489 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Left hemisphere damage in adulthood often leads to linguistic deficits, but many cases of early damage leave linguistic processing preserved, and a functional language system can develop in the right hemisphere. To explain this early apparent equipotentiality of the two hemispheres for language, some have proposed that the language system is bilateral during early development and only becomes left-lateralized with age. We examined language lateralization using functional magnetic resonance imaging with two large pediatric cohorts (total n=273 children ages 4-16; n=107 adults). Strong, adult-level left-hemispheric lateralization (in activation volume and response magnitude) was evident by age 4. Thus, although the right hemisphere can take over language function in some cases of early brain damage, and although some features of the language system do show protracted development (magnitude of language response and strength of inter-regional correlations in the language network), the left-hemisphere bias for language is robustly present by 4 years of age. These results call for alternative accounts of early equipotentiality of the two hemispheres for language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ozernov-Palchik
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amanda M. O’Brien
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jiachen Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hilary Richardson
- School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Romeo
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Benjamin Lipkin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hannah Small
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Jimmy Capella
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Saxe
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kou JW, Fan LY, Chen HC, Chen SY, Hu X, Zhang K, Kovelman I, Chou TL. Neural substrates of L2-L1 transfer effects on phonological awareness in young Chinese-English bilingual children. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120592. [PMID: 38548037 PMCID: PMC11032115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing trend of bilingual education between Chinese and English has contributed to a rise in the number of early bilingual children, who were exposed to L2 prior to formal language instruction of L1. The L2-L1 transfer effect in an L1-dominant environment has been well established. However, the threshold of L2 proficiency at which such transfer manifests remains unclear. This study investigated the behavioral and neural processes involved when manipulating phonemes in an auditory phonological task to uncover the transfer effect in young bilingual children. Sixty-two first graders from elementary schools in Taiwan were recruited in this study (29 Chinese monolinguals, 33 Chinese-English bilinguals). The brain activity was measured using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy). Bilingual children showed right lateralization to process Chinese and left lateralization to process English, which supports more on the accommodation effect within the framework of the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis. Also, compared to monolinguals, bilingual children showed more bilateral frontal activation in Chinese, potentially reflecting a mixed influence from L2-L1 transfer effects and increased cognitive load of bilingual exposure. These results elucidate the developmental adjustments in the neural substrates associated with early bilingual exposure in phonological processing, offering valuable insights into the bilingual learning process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Kou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Fan
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chin Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yuan Chen
- Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaosu Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kehui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhuang Y, Kang Q, Li X, Tian M, Lv H, He J. Temporal and spatial variability of dynamic microstate brain network in disorders of consciousness. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14641. [PMID: 38385681 PMCID: PMC10883110 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately diagnosing patients with the vegetative state (VS) and the minimally conscious state (MCS) reached a misdiagnosis of approximately 40%. METHODS A method combined microstate and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) to study the spatiotemporal variability of the brain in disorders of consciousness (DOC) patients was proposed. Resting-state EEG data were obtained from 16 patients with MCS and 16 patients with VS. Mutual information (MI) was used to assess the EEG connectivity in each microstate. MI-based features with statistical differences were selected as the total feature subset (TFS), then the TFS was utilized to feature selection and fed into the classifier, obtaining the optimal feature subsets (OFS) in each microstate. Subsequently, an OFS-based MI functional connectivity network (MIFCN) was constructed in the cortex. RESULTS The group-average MI connectivity matrix focused on all channels revealed that all five microstates exhibited stronger information interaction in the MCS when comparing with the VS. While OFS-based MIFCN, which only focused on a few channels, revealed greater MI flow in VS patients than in MCS patients under microstates A, B, C, and E, except for microstate D. Additionally, the average classification accuracy of OFS in the five microstates was 96.2%. CONCLUSION Constructing features based on microstates to distinguish between two categories of DOC patients had effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Foreign LanguagesWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yvtong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qianruo Kang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Min Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haoan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical EngineeringSouth‐Central Minzu UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianghong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Y, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Duan X, Zhang J, Yan H. Divergent interpersonal neural synchronization patterns in the first, second language and interlingual communication. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8706. [PMID: 37248270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating number of studies have highlighted the importance of interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) between interlocutors in successful verbal communications. The opportunities for communication across different language contexts are rapidly expanding, thanks to the frequent interactions among people all over the world. However, whether the INS changes in different language contexts and how language choice affects the INS remain scarcely explored. The study recruited twenty pairs of participants to communicate in the first language (L1), second language (L2) and interlingual contexts. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we examined the neural activities of interlocutors and analyzed their wavelet transform coherence to assess the INS of dyads. Results showed that as compared to the resting state, stronger INS was observed at the left inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus in L1; at the left middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus in L2; at the left inferior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus in interlingual context. Additionally, INS at the left inferior frontal gyrus was significantly stronger in L2 than in L1. These findings reveal the differences of the INS in different language contexts and confirm the importance of language choice for the INS changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Feng
- School of Foreign Languages, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Duan
- Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hemispheric lateralization of semantic processing before and after aripiprazole treatment in first-episode psychosis or ultra-high risk state. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:108. [PMID: 36463251 PMCID: PMC9719558 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Whether aberrant language-related lateralization can be improved after antipsychotic treatment in drug-free patients with first-episode psychosis or ultra-high risk state is little known. We aimed to investigate the improvement in lateralization of semantic processing after antipsychotic treatment and associated clinical and cognitive changes. Twenty-one drug-free patients with first-episode psychosis or ultra-high risk state underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a semantic task, neuropsychological testing, and clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale before and after 6 weeks of aripiprazole treatment. A lateralization index of the region of interest, i.e., inferior frontal gyrus, was calculated and correlated with the behavioral indices of the semantic task, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores, and language-related neuropsychological test scores. After treatment, the lateralization index of the inferior frontal gyrus was significantly increased, which was related to reduced activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. The increase in the lateralization index was significantly associated with the increase in verbal fluency score. A higher baseline accuracy of the semantic task was associated with a higher post-treatment lateralization index of the inferior frontal gyrus and greater improvement of the total score and positive subscore of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Our findings indicated aripiprazole treatment significantly increased semantic processing-related lateralization in the inferior frontal gyrus in drug-free patients with first-episode psychosis or ultra-high risk state. A higher baseline accuracy might predict a higher post-treatment lateralization index and greater symptom improvement.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Y, Li D, Wang D, Zhu T, Xia M, Jiang W. Decreased Hemodynamic Responses in Left Parietal Lobule and Left Inferior Parietal Lobule in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1163-1175. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The brain activation patterns of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still unclear and they involve multiple brain regions. Most previous studies have focused on abnormal activation in the frontal and temporal lobes, with few investigating the entire brain. Objective: To identify and compare the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and abnormal activation patterns in the entire brain of MCI patients and healthy older adults. Methods: Patients with MCI (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC, n = 34) matched by age, education levels, sex, and mental state were enrolled. They performed the same letter and category verbal fluency test (VFT) tasks while their behavioral performance and global cerebral hemodynamics were analyzed. Results: The performance during the category VFT task was significantly better than that during the letter VFT task across all participants (HC: correct: p < 0.001; intrusions: p < 0.001; MCI: correct: p < 0.001; intrusions: p < 0.001). The number of correct words during the letter and category VFT tasks was significantly higher in the HC group than in the MCI group (p < 0.001). The deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations in the left parietal lobule (p = 0.0352) and left inferior parietal lobule (p = 0.0314) were significantly different during the category VFT task. Conclusion: The differences between HC and MCI groups were greater in the category task. The HbR concentration was more sensitive for the category VFT task and concentration changes in the left parietal lobule and left inferior parietal lobule may be useful for clinical screening and application; thus, they deserve more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and System, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Daifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and System, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Guangxi Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hand constraint reduces brain activity and affects the speed of verbal responses on semantic tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13545. [PMID: 35941140 PMCID: PMC9360433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the theory of embodied cognition, semantic processing is closely coupled with body movements. For example, constraining hand movements inhibits memory for objects that can be manipulated with the hands. However, it has not been confirmed whether body constraint reduces brain activity related to semantics. We measured the effect of hand constraint on semantic processing in the parietal lobe using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A pair of words representing the names of hand-manipulable (e.g., cup or pencil) or nonmanipulable (e.g., windmill or fountain) objects were presented, and participants were asked to identify which object was larger. The reaction time (RT) in the judgment task and the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus (LIPS) and left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL), including the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, were analyzed. We found that constraint of hand movement suppressed brain activity in the LIPS toward hand-manipulable objects and affected RT in the size judgment task. These results indicate that body constraint reduces the activity of brain regions involved in semantics. Hand constraint might inhibit motor simulation, which, in turn, would inhibit body-related semantic processing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cejudo AB, López-Rojas C, Gómez-Ariza CJ, Bajo MT. ERP Correlates of Prospective Memory and Cue Focality in Children. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050533. [PMID: 35624918 PMCID: PMC9138550 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is essential in the everyday activities of children because it involves remembering intentions for the future, such as doing their homework or bringing written parental permissions to school. Developmental studies have shown increases in PM performance throughout childhood, but the specific processes underlying this development are still under debate. In the present study, event-related potentials were used to examine whether the focality of the PM task is related to the PM increments by testing two groups of children (first and last cycle of primary school) and assessing differences in N300 (cue detection), frontal positivity (switching), parietal positivity (retrieval of the intention) and frontal slow waves (monitoring of the retrieved intention). The results showed significant differences in focality in the group of older children but no differences in any of the components for their younger counterparts. In addition, the differences between prospective and ongoing trials were smaller for younger than older children. These findings suggest that the ability to adjust attentional strategies, monitor, switch and retrieve the intention develops across childhood and affects PM performance in attentionally demanding conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Cejudo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina López-Rojas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
| | | | - María Teresa Bajo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.L.-R.); (M.T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang J, Lytle MN, Weiss Y, Yamasaki BL, Booth JR. A longitudinal neuroimaging dataset on language processing in children ages 5, 7, and 9 years old. Sci Data 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35013348 PMCID: PMC8748964 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset examines language development with a longitudinal design and includes diffusion- and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), task-based functional MRI (fMRI), and a battery of psycho-educational assessments and parental questionnaires. We collected data from 5.5-6.5-year-old children (ses-5) and followed them up when they were 7-8 years old (ses-7) and then again at 8.5-10 years old (ses-9). To increase the sample size at the older time points, another cohort of 7-8-year-old children (ses-7) were recruited and followed up when they were 8.5-10 years old (ses-9). In total, 322 children who completed at least one structural and functional scan were included. Children performed four fMRI tasks consisting of two word-level tasks examining phonological and semantic processing and two sentence-level tasks investigating semantic and syntactic processing. The MRI data is valuable for examining changes over time in interactive specialization due to the use of multiple imaging modalities and tasks in this longitudinal design. In addition, the extensive psycho-educational assessments and questionnaires provide opportunities to explore brain-behavior and brain-environment associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Marisa N Lytle
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Yael Weiss
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brianna L Yamasaki
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai CH, Hsieh SK, Lee CL, Su LIW, Liu TH, Lu CR, Tsai IN, Chou TL. Neuro-Cognitive Differences in Semantic Processing Between Native Speakers and Proficient Learners of Mandarin Chinese. Front Psychol 2021; 12:781304. [PMID: 34867693 PMCID: PMC8637610 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the neural mechanism underlying semantic processing in Mandarin Chinese adult learners, focusing on the learners who were Indo-European language speakers with advanced levels of proficiency in Mandarin Chinese. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging technique and a semantic judgment task to test 24 Mandarin Chinese adult learners (L2 group) and 26 Mandarin Chinese adult native speakers (L1 group) as a control group. In the task, participants were asked to indicate whether two-character pairs were related in meaning. Compared to the L1 group, the L2 group had greater activation in the bilateral occipital regions, including the fusiform gyrus and middle occipital gyrus, as well as the right superior parietal lobule. On the other hand, less activation in the bilateral temporal regions was found in the L2 group relative to the L1 group. Correlation analysis further revealed that, within the L2 group, increased activation in the left middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus (M/STG, BA 21) was correlated with higher accuracy in the semantic judgment task as well as better scores in the two vocabulary tests, the Assessment of Chinese character list for grade 3 to grade 9 (A39) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. In addition, functional connectivity analysis showed that connectivity strength between the left fusiform gyrus and left ventral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 47) was modulated by the accuracy in the semantic judgment task in the L1 group. By contrast, this modulation effect was weaker in the L2 group. Taken together, our study suggests that Mandarin Chinese adult learners rely on greater recruitment of the bilateral occipital regions to process orthographic information to access the meaning of Chinese characters. Also, our correlation results provide convergent evidence that the left M/STG (BA 21) plays a crucial role in the storage of semantic knowledge for readers to access to conceptual information. Moreover, the connectivity results indicate that the left ventral pathway (left fusiform gyrus-left ventral IFG) is associated with orthographic-semantic processing in Mandarin Chinese. However, this semantic-related ventral pathway might require more time and language experience to be developed, especially for the late adult learners of Mandarin Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ho Lai
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Kai Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lily I-Wen Su
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsin Liu
- Graduate Program of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rung Lu
- Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ni Tsai
- Graduate Program of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu S, Li XJ, Law S, Shen CY, Yao GQ, Zhang XQ, Li J, Chen GF, Xu B, Liu XM, Ma XY, Feng K, Liu PZ. Prefrontal cortex alterations in major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and their comorbidity during a verbal fluency task assessed by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114229. [PMID: 34749225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid with each other, and both associated with substantial cognitive impairments; however, it is still unclear whether their impairments are neurobiologically similar or distinct. This study aims to investigate the cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in patients with MDD and GAD during the verbal fluency task (VFT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifty-two patients with MDD, fifty-one patients with GAD, fifty-two patients with the comorbidity of MDD and GAD (CMG), and forty-seven healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Significant hypoactivation in the left ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC was common in all patient groups when compared to HCs, suggesting a shared etiology. Furthermore, MDD patients showed significant hypoactivation at the right frontal pole cortex (FPoC) when compared to HCs and significant hypoactivation at the middle FPoC when compared to the CMG patients. Our work is the first fNIRS study to reveal the shared and unique neurobiological profiles of MDD, GAD and their comorbidity under the same standard experimentation condition, suggesting fNIRS holds promise as an adjutant to assist clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Yao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Beijing Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan LY, Booth JR, Liu M, Chou TL, Gau SSF. Developmental differences in neural connectivity for semantic processing in youths with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1090-1099. [PMID: 33543509 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rely more on lower-level visual processing as revealed by greater occipital activation, yet less effectively engage higher-level processing of modality-independent semantic knowledge as indicated by reduced frontal activation, compared to typically developing (TD) youths. However, little is known about age-dependent differences in neural connectivity during semantic processing in youths with ASD as compared to TD youths. METHODS Four groups were recruited: 31 ASD children (mean age = 10.5 years old), 33 TD children (mean age = 10.4), 30 ASD adolescents (mean age = 14.9), and 34 TD adolescents (mean age = 15.1). We explored their differences in neural connectivity by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with psychophysiological interaction (PPI) during semantic judgments. RESULTS In comparison with TD children, children with ASD showed greater activation in the left cuneus and weaker connectivity between the left cuneus and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). In comparison with TD adolescents, adolescents with ASD showed less activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and weaker functional connectivity between the left IFG and left MTG. CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD may rely more on visual processes in the occipital cortex that are disconnected from modality-independent semantics in the temporal cortex. However, adolescents with ASD may less effectively engage frontal mechanisms involved in the top-down control of modality-independent semantic knowledge in the temporal cortex. Our findings provide evidence of developmental differences in the neural substrates of the alterations in semantic processing in youths with ASD compared to TD youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Fan
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Enge A, Abdel Rahman R, Skeide MA. A meta-analysis of fMRI studies of semantic cognition in children. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118436. [PMID: 34329724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our capacity to derive meaning from things that we see and words that we hear is unparalleled in other animal species and current AI systems. Despite a wealth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on where different semantic features are processed in the adult brain, the development of these systems in children is poorly understood. Here we conducted an extensive database search and identified 50 fMRI experiments investigating semantic world knowledge, semantic relatedness judgments, and the differentiation of visual semantic object categories in children (total N = 1,018, mean age = 10.1 years, range 4-15 years). Synthesizing the results of these experiments, we found consistent activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG), fusiform gyri (FG), and supplementary motor areas (SMA), as well as in the left middle and superior temporal gyri (MTG/STG). Within this system, we found little evidence for age-related changes across childhood and high overlap with the adult semantic system. In sum, the identification of these cortical areas provides the starting point for further research on the mechanisms by which the developing brain learns to make sense of its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Enge
- Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Skeide
- Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Minosse S, Picchi E, Di Giuliano F, Sarmati L, Teti E, Pistolese CA, Lanzafame S, Di Ciò F, Guerrisi M, Andreoni M, Floris R, Toschi N, Garaci F. Functional brain network reorganization in HIV infection. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:796-808. [PMID: 33900655 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI), graph-theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS Forty HIV-positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T-lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV-RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs. controls) as well as for associations with biochemical variables (HIV only). Finally, all data (global and local graph-theoretical measures, disruption indices, and biochemical variables) were tested for putative differences across three patient groups based on the duration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). RESULTS Brain function of HIV patients appeared to be deeply reorganized as compared to normal controls. The disruption index showed significant negative association with relative CD4 values, and a positive significant association between plasmatic HIV-RNA and local graph-theoretical metrics in the left lingual gyrus and the right lobule IV and V of right cerebellar hemisphere was also observed. Finally, a differential distribution of HIV clinical biomarkers and several brain metrics was observed across cART duration groups. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minosse
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eliseo Picchi
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Adriana Pistolese
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lanzafame
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Ciò
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Guerrisi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Cassino, Frosinone, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Egbert AR, Łojek E, Biswal B, Pluta A. The laminar pattern of resting state in human cerebral cortex. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 76:8-16. [PMID: 33130056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) provides the means to measure neuronal activity. One of the most commonly used methods to explore the RS-fMRI signal is the Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (PICA). PICA allows to depict brain functional connectivity (FC) networks. Yet most of the IC maps obtained with this method do not represent any particular FC network. Consequently, those IC maps are classified as artifacts or noise of an unknown source. We hypothesized that the unexplained RS-fMRI signal patterns that are picked up by the PICA can be related to the differences in oxygen metabolism and blood flow in cortical layers. This study aimed at (1) providing preliminary evidence to the effects of laminar organization of neocortex on the RS-fMRI signal, and (2) evaluating the application of laminar maps to aid the classification of IC maps. We created laminar maps 1-4 that depict relative cortical thickness of layers IV and VI. Our data show that the RS-fMRI signal is significantly related to the relative thickness of the cortical layer VI but not layer IV. Importantly, the laminar maps 1-4 overlap with four separate IC maps. Thus, the laminar maps 1-4 improve classification and interpretation of the IC maps. Moreover, the laminar maps 1-4 may be considered as FC networks that are the bridging piece between particular cognitive functions. Together, these data provide preliminary evidence to the fundamental questions about the role of cortical layering in the RS-fMRI signal and brain FC networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Egbert
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Psychology, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA.
| | - Emilia Łojek
- Faculty of Psychology, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Agnieszka Pluta
- Faculty of Psychology, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | -
- Faculty of Psychology, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Adult Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland; Central Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan LY, Lo YC, Hsu YC, Chen YJ, Tseng WYI, Chou TL. Developmental Differences of Structural Connectivity and Effective Connectivity in Semantic Judgments of Chinese Characters. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:233. [PMID: 32714169 PMCID: PMC7344167 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the developmental differences of semantic processing regarding brain activation between adults and children. However, little is known about whether the patterns of structural connectivity and effective connectivity differ between adults and children during semantic processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were used to study the developmental differences of brain activation, structural connectivity, and effective connectivity during semantic judgments. Twenty-six children (8- to 12-year-olds) and 26 adults were asked to indicate if character pairs were related in meaning. Compared to children, adults showed greater activation in the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Also, adults had significantly greater structural connectivity in the left ventral pathway (inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, IFOF) than children. Moreover, adults showed significantly stronger bottom-up effects from left fusiform gyrus (FG) to ventral IFG than children in the related condition. In conclusion, our findings suggest that age-related increases in brain activation (ventral IFG and MTG), IFOF, and effective connectivity (from FG to ventral IFG) might be associated with the bottom-up influence of orthographic representations on retrieving semantic representations for processing Chinese characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Fan
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Thanatology and Health Counseling, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weng JC, Hong CI, Tasi JD, Shen CY, Su PH, Wang SL. The association between prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure and altered resting-state brain fMRI in teenagers. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1669-1684. [PMID: 32448957 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse behavioral effects or cognitive dysfunction in children. This study aimed to investigate a relationship of the concentration of prenatal EDCs and brain function in teenagers. We recruited 59 mother-child pairs during the third trimester of pregnancy, and collected and examined the concentration of EDCs, such as heavy metals, phthalates and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in maternal urine and serum. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected in teenagers 13-16 years of age, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were performed to find the association between maternal EDC concentrations and the functional development of the teenage brain. We found a correlation between MBP concentration and activity in the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the combined group of boys and girls. We also observed a correlation between MBzP concentration and activity in the anterior cingulum gyrus and insula in girls. We found a correlation between lead concentration and activity in the cuneus in the combined group. We also observed a correlation between MeHg concentration and activity in the superior temporal gyrus, caudate nucleus and putamen in the combined group. The PFOS results revealed a negative relationship between activity in the right putamen in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate or heavy metals were applied as covariates. The PFNA results showed a negative correlation between activity in the left/right putamen and left caudate nucleus in boys, girls and the combined group after phthalate, heavy metals or PFOS were applied as covariates. We examined the correlations between maternal EDC concentrations and brain development and found that the associations with resting-state teenage brains in some circumstances are sex-related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi Ieong Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tasi
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aubinet C, Cassol H, Gosseries O, Bahri MA, Larroque SK, Majerus S, Martial C, Martens G, Carrière M, Chatelle C, Laureys S, Thibaut A. Brain Metabolism but Not Gray Matter Volume Underlies the Presence of Language Function in the Minimally Conscious State (MCS): MCS+ Versus MCS- Neuroimaging Differences. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:172-184. [PMID: 31971884 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319899914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS- and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of high-level behavioral responses such as command-following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS- and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS-; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS-; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose metabolism and gray matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared with MCS- was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared with the MCS- group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS- compared with MCS+ group. No significant differences were found in gray matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical subcategorization of MCS is supported by differences in brain metabolism but not in gray matter structure, suggesting that brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Aubinet
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Helena Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stephen Karl Larroque
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steve Majerus
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Martens
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Manon Carrière
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Camille Chatelle
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bernal B, Guillen M, Korman B. Nontask-Related Brain Lateralization Biomarkers in Children: The Asymmetry of Language Areas on Functional Connectivity Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Brain Connect 2019; 8:321-332. [PMID: 30124344 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we will test the hypothesis that the connectivity of language areas in normal children is asymmetric between the hemispheres. Intrahemispheric region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectivity was assessed in 40 normal right-handed children. Asymmetries were assessed (1) between the hemispheres (global language connectivity); (2) between Brodmann areas (BAs) pairs (pairwise connectivity); and (3) between two homotopic BA (Global BA connectivity). Sixteen BAs were selected: 6, 7, 9, 19, 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47. T scores for connectivity of each BA pair were ascertained using the MATLAB toolbox CONN. Lateralization index (LI) scores based on T-values were obtained. Only LIs with 2SD above the mean were considered as significant. Comparisons between T-value groups (per side and per BA) were performed utilizing double-sided T-tests. Null hypothesis was rejected for p < 0.05. There was not a statistical difference between global left and right connectivity strength (p = 0.40). There was significant pairwise connectivity asymmetry for the following pairs: BA7-BA44 (LI = 0.662); BA21-BA42 (LI = -0.616); BA21-BA40 (LI = -0.595); BA38-BA44 (LI = 0.470); BA39-BA44 (LI = -0.903); and BA42-BA47 (LI = -0.445). Language-related brain connectivity asymmetries have been demonstrated in a group of children and young adolescents. Two pairs related to Broca's area were left dominant (BA44-BA38 and BA44-BA7) and four pairs right dominant (BA42-BA47, BA39-BA44, BA21-BA40, and BA21-BA42).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron Bernal
- 1 Brain Institute , Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Radiology, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
| | - Magno Guillen
- 2 Department of Radiology, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
| | - Brandon Korman
- 1 Brain Institute , Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mancuso L, Costa T, Nani A, Manuello J, Liloia D, Gelmini G, Panero M, Duca S, Cauda F. The homotopic connectivity of the functional brain: a meta-analytic approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3346. [PMID: 30833662 PMCID: PMC6399443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homotopic connectivity (HC) is the connectivity between mirror areas of the brain hemispheres. It can exhibit a marked and functionally relevant spatial variability, and can be perturbed by several pathological conditions. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) is a technique devised to enquire this pattern of brain organization, based on resting state functional connectivity. Since functional connectivity can be revealed also in a meta-analytical fashion using co-activations, here we propose to calculate the meta-analytic homotopic connectivity (MHC) as the meta-analytic counterpart of the VMHC. The comparison between the two techniques reveals their general similarity, but also highlights regional differences associated with how HC varies from task to rest. Two main differences were found from rest to task: (i) regions known to be characterized by global hubness are more similar than regions displaying local hubness; and (ii) medial areas are characterized by a higher degree of homotopic connectivity, while lateral areas appear to decrease their degree of homotopic connectivity during task performance. These findings show that MHC can be an insightful tool to study how the hemispheres functionally interact during task and rest conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mancuso
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gelmini
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Melissa Panero
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Briggs RG, Pryor DP, Conner AK, Nix CE, Milton CK, Kuiper JK, Palejwala AH, Sughrue ME. The Artery of Aphasia, A Uniquely Sensitive Posterior Temporal Middle Cerebral Artery Branch that Supplies Language Areas in the Brain: Anatomy and Report of Four Cases. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e65-e76. [PMID: 30735868 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial disruption during brain surgery can cause devastating injuries to wide expanses of white and gray matter beyond the tumor resection cavity. Such damage may occur as a result of disrupting blood flow through en passage arteries. Identification of these arteries is critical to prevent unforeseen neurologic sequelae during brain tumor resection. In this study, we discuss one such artery, termed the artery of aphasia (AoA), which when disrupted can lead to receptive and expressive language deficits. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing an awake craniotomy for resection of a glioma by the senior author from 2012 to 2018. Patients were included if they experienced language deficits secondary to postoperative infarction in the left posterior temporal lobe in the distribution of the AoA. The gross anatomy of the AoA was then compared with activation likelihood estimations of the auditory and semantic language networks using coordinate-based meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS We identified 4 patients with left-sided posterior temporal artery infarctions in the distribution of the AoA on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. All 4 patients developed substantial expressive and receptive language deficits after surgery. Functional language improvement occurred in only 2/4 patients. Activation likelihood estimations localized parts of the auditory and semantic language networks in the distribution of the AoA. CONCLUSIONS The AoA is prone to blood flow disruption despite benign manipulation. Patients seem to have limited capacity for speech recovery after intraoperative ischemia in the distribution of this artery, which supplies parts of the auditory and semantic language networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dillon P Pryor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cameron E Nix
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Camille K Milton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joseph K Kuiper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ali H Palejwala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chou TL, Wong CH, Chen SY, Fan LY, Booth JR. Developmental changes of association strength and categorical relatedness on semantic processing in the brain. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 189:10-19. [PMID: 30593860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semantic knowledge has thematic relations of contiguity based on association and taxonomic relations of similarity based on shared features to form categories. It is unknown if there are distinct brain networks between thematic and taxonomic organizations in children and if this distinction is related to changes in specialized brain regions with age and/or skill. We orthogonally manipulated association strength (strong, weak) and categorical relatedness (high, low) to examine 10- to 14-year-old children over a two-year interval. Moreover, we examined whether initial behavioral performance predicted brain activation changes. Weak versus strong association strength produced greater activation over time in left middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, and initial accuracy predicted activation changes in the latter. Moreover, high versus low categorical relatedness produced greater activation over time in left occipito-temporal cortex and precuneus, and initial accuracy predicted activation changes in the latter. These developmental findings suggest different organization for thematic and taxonomic relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Ciao-Han Wong
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yuan Chen
- Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Fan
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Understanding the Learning Disabilities Linked to Sagittal Craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:497-502. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
24
|
Schneider JM, Abel AD, Ogiela DA, McCord C, Maguire MJ. Developmental differences in the neural oscillations underlying auditory sentence processing in children and adults. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 186:17-25. [PMID: 30199760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although very young children seem to process ongoing language quickly and effortlessly, neuroimaging and behavioral studies reveal that children continue to mature in their language skills through adolescence. During this prolonged development, children likely engage the same basic cognitive processes and neural mechanisms to perform language tasks as adults, but in somewhat different ways. In this study we used time frequency analysis of EEG to identify developmental differences in the engagement of neural oscillations between children (ages 10-12) and adults while listening to naturally-paced sentences. Adults displayed consistent beta changes throughout the sentence compared to children, thought to be related to efficient syntactic integration, and children displayed more broadly distributed theta changes than adults, thought to be related to more effortful semantic integration. Few differences in alpha, related to verbal working memory, existed between groups. These findings shed new light on developmental changes in the neuronal processes underlying language comprehension.
Collapse
|
25
|
Weiss Y, Cweigenberg HG, Booth JR. Neural specialization of phonological and semantic processing in young children. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4334-4348. [PMID: 29956400 PMCID: PMC6261343 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine early specialization of brain regions for phonological and semantic processing of spoken language in young children. Thirty-five typically developing children aged from 5 to 6 years performed auditory phonological (same sound judgment) and semantic (related meaning judgment) word-level tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined specialization within the language network, by conducting three levels of analysis. First, we directly compared activation between tasks and found a greater sound judgment as compared to meaning judgment activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and supramarginal gyrus. In contrast, greater meaning judgment as compared to sound judgment task activation was found in left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Second, we examined the brain-behavior correlations and found that phonological skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left superior temporal sulcus, whereas semantic skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left MTG. Third, we compared between two experimental conditions within each task and found a parametric effect in left STG for the sound judgment task, and a parametric effect in left MTG for the meaning judgment task. The results of this study indicate that, by the age of 5-6 years, typically developing children already show some specialization of temporo-parietal brain regions for phonological and semantic processes. However, there were no task differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus suggesting that the frontal cortex may not yet be specialized in this age range, which is consistent with the delayed maturation of the frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Children's Research CenterUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas
| | - Hannah G. Cweigenberg
- Department of Psychology, Children's Research CenterUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas
| | - James R. Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human DevelopmentVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roe MA, Martinez JE, Mumford JA, Taylor WP, Cirino PT, Fletcher JM, Juranek J, Church JA. Control Engagement During Sentence and Inhibition fMRI Tasks in Children With Reading Difficulties. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3697-3710. [PMID: 30060152 PMCID: PMC6132278 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reading research implicates executive control regions as sites of difference in struggling readers. However, as studies often employ only reading or language tasks, the extent of deviation in control engagement in children with reading difficulties is not known. The current study investigated activation in reading and executive control brain regions during both a sentence comprehension task and a nonlexical inhibitory control task in third-fifth grade children with and without reading difficulties. We employed both categorical (group-based) and individual difference approaches to relate reading ability to brain activity. During sentence comprehension, struggling readers had less activation in the left posterior temporal cortex, previously implicated in language, semantic, and reading research. Greater negative activity (relative to fixation) during sentence comprehension in a left inferior parietal region from the executive control literature correlated with poorer reading ability. Greater comprehension scores were associated with less dorsal anterior cingulate activity during the sentence comprehension task. Unlike the sentence task, there were no significant differences between struggling and nonstruggling readers for the nonlexical inhibitory control task. Thus, differences in executive control engagement were largely specific to reading, rather than a general control deficit across tasks in children with reading difficulties, informing future intervention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abbe Roe
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joel E Martinez
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jeanette A Mumford
- Center for Healthy Minds, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Paul T Cirino
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jenifer Juranek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Church
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chirino A, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Galvez V, Contreras A, Diaz R, Beltran-Parrazal L, Fernandez-Ruiz J. Motor and cognitive impairments in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 and its correlations with cortical volumes. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3199-3211. [PMID: 30255962 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansion. It is clinically characterized by ataxia and visual loss. To date, little is known about SCA7 cognitive impairments and its relationship with grey matter volume (GMV) changes. The aim of this study was to explore SCA7 patients' performance in specific components of auditory-verbal neuropsychological tests and to correlate their scores with genetic mutation, severity of ataxia and GMV. We assessed verbal memory and verbal fluency proficiencies in 31 genetically confirmed SCA7 patients, and compared their results with 32 healthy matched volunteers; we also correlated CAG repeats and severity of motor symptoms with performance in the auditory-verbal tests. SCA7 patients exhibited deficiencies in several components of these cognitive tasks, which were independent of motor impairments and showed no relation to CAG repeats. Based on Resonance Images performed in 27 patients we found association between ataxia severity and GMV in "sensoriomotor" cerebellum, as well as correlations of impaired verbal memory and semantic fluency scores with GMV in association cortices, including the right parahippocampal gyrus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of deficits in the organization of semantic information and in the evocation of verbal material, as well as greater susceptibility to proactive interference in SCA7 patients. These findings bring novel information about specific cognitive abilities in SCA7 patients, particularly verbal memory and fluency, and their relation with GMV variations in circumscribed brain regions, including association cortices known to have functional relationships with the cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chirino
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Victor Galvez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias cognitivas y desarrollo, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Panamericana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anabel Contreras
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Rosalinda Diaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu Z, Zhang J, Couto TA, Xu S, Luan P, Yuan Z. Optical Mapping of Brain Activation and Connectivity in Occipitotemporal Cortex During Chinese Character Recognition. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:1014-1028. [PMID: 29934729 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to examine the brain activation and connectivity in occipitotemporal cortex during Chinese character recognition (CCR). Eighteen healthy participants were recruited to perform a well-designed task with three categories of stimuli (real characters, pseudo characters, and checkerboards). By inspecting the brain activation difference and its relationship with behavioral data, the left laterality during CCR was clearly identified in the Brodmann area (BA) 18 and 19. In addition, our novel findings also demonstrated that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), bilateral BA 19, and left fusiform gyrus were also involved in high-level lexical information processing such as semantic and phonological ones. Meanwhile, by examining functional brain networks, we discovered that the right BA 19 exhibited enhanced brain connectivity. In particular, the connectivity in the right fusiform gyrus, right BA 19, and left STG showed significant correlation with the performance of CCR. Consequently, the combination of fNIRS technique with functional network analysis paves a new avenue for improved understanding of the cognitive mechanism underlying CCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Hu
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | | | - Shiyang Xu
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Ping Luan
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
AlRyalat SA. Gender similarities and differences in brain activation strategies: Voxel-based meta-analysis on fMRI studies. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 16:227-240. [PMID: 28891511 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender similarities and differences have long been a matter of debate in almost all human research, especially upon reaching the discussion about brain functions. This large scale meta-analysis was performed on functional MRI studies. It included more than 700 active brain foci from more than 70 different experiments to study gender related similarities and differences in brain activation strategies for three of the main brain functions: Visual-spatial cognition, memory, and emotion. Areas that are significantly activated by both genders (i.e. core areas) for the tested brain function are mentioned, whereas those areas significantly activated exclusively in one gender are the gender specific areas. During visual-spatial cognition task, and in addition to the core areas, males significantly activated their left superior frontal gyrus, compared with left superior parietal lobule in females. For memory tasks, several different brain areas activated by each gender, but females significantly activated two areas from the limbic system during memory retrieval tasks. For emotional task, males tend to recruit their bilateral prefrontal regions, whereas females tend to recruit their bilateral amygdalae. This meta-analysis provides an overview based on functional MRI studies on how males and females use their brain.
Collapse
|
30
|
Habeck C, Eich T, Razlighi R, Gazes Y, Stern Y. Reference ability neural networks and behavioral performance across the adult life span. Neuroimage 2018; 172:51-63. [PMID: 29355766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the impact of aging, along with other demographic and brain health variables, on the neural networks that support different aspects of cognitive performance, we applied a brute-force search technique based on Principal Components Analysis to derive 4 corresponding spatial covariance patterns (termed Reference Ability Neural Networks -RANNs) from a large sample of participants across the age range. 255 clinically healthy, community-dwelling adults, aged 20-77, underwent fMRI while performing 12 tasks, 3 tasks for each of the following cognitive reference abilities: Episodic Memory, Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, and Vocabulary. The derived RANNs (1) showed selective activation to their specific cognitive domain and (2) correlated with behavioral performance. Quasi out-of-sample replication with Monte-Carlo 5-fold cross validation was built into our approach, and all patterns indicated their corresponding reference ability and predicted performance in held-out data to a degree significantly greater than chance level. RANN-pattern expression for Episodic Memory, Reasoning and Vocabulary were associated selectively with age, while the pattern for Perceptual Speed showed no such age-related influences. For each participant we also looked at residual activity unaccounted for by the RANN-pattern derived for the cognitive reference ability. Higher residual activity was associated with poorer brain-structural health and older age, but -apart from Vocabulary-not with cognitive performance, indicating that older participants with worse brain-structural health might recruit alternative neural resources to maintain performance levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
| | - Teal Eich
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Ray Razlighi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hutton JS, Phelan K, Horowitz-Kraus T, Dudley J, Altaye M, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Shared Reading Quality and Brain Activation during Story Listening in Preschool-Age Children. J Pediatr 2017; 191:204-211.e1. [PMID: 29173308 PMCID: PMC5728185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between maternal shared reading quality (verbal interactivity and engagement) and brain function during story listening in at-risk, preschool-age children, in the context of behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 22 healthy, 4-year-old girls from low socioeconomic status households completed functional magnetic resonance imaging using an established story listening task, followed by videotaped observation of uncoached mother-daughter reading of the same, age-appropriate picture book. Shared reading quality was independently scored applying dialogic reading and other evidence-based criteria reflecting interactivity and engagement, and applied as a predictor of neural activation during the functional magnetic resonance imaging task, controlling for income and maternal education. RESULTS Shared reading quality scores were generally low and negatively correlated with maternal distraction by smartphones (P < .05). Scores were positively correlated with activation in left-sided brain areas supporting expressive and complex language, social-emotional integration, and working memory (P <.05, false discovery rate corrected). CONCLUSIONS Maternal shared reading quality is positively correlated with brain activation supporting complex language, executive function, and social-emotional processing in at-risk, preschool-age children. These findings represent novel neural biomarkers of how this modifiable aspect of home reading environment may influence foundational emergent literacy skills, reinforce behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations, and underscore the potential of dialogic reading interventions to promote healthy brain development, especially in at-risk households.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kieran Phelan
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang M, Yang P, Fan YS, Li J, Yao D, Liao W, Chen H. Altered Structure and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Post-stroke Aphasia. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:300-310. [PMID: 28921389 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that alterations of gray matter exist in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients. However, so far, few studies combined structural alterations of gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) imbalances of resting-state functional MRI to investigate the mechanism underlying PSA. The present study investigated specific regions with GMV abnormality in patients with PSA (n = 17) and age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20) using voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we examined whether there is a link between abnormal gray matter and altered iFC. Furthermore, we explored the correlations between abnormal iFC and clinical scores in aphasic patients. We found significantly increased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left middle occipital gyrus. Decreased GMV was found in the right caudate gyrus, bilateral thalami in PSA patients. Patients showed increased remote interregional FC between the right IPL/SMG and right precuneus, right angular gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus; while reduced FC in the right caudate gyrus and supplementary motor area, dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Moreover, iFC strength between the left middle occipital gyrus and the left orbital middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the performance quotient. We suggest that GMV abnormality contributes to interregional FC in PSA. These results may provide useful information to understand the pathogenesis of post-stroke aphasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shuang Fan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lagarrigue A, Longcamp M, Anton JL, Nazarian B, Prévot L, Velay JL, Cao F, Frenck-Mestre C. Activation of writing-specific brain regions when reading Chinese as a second language. Effects of training modality and transfer to novel characters. Neuropsychologia 2017; 97:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
McDonough IM, Haber S, Bischof GN, Park DC. The Synapse Project: Engagement in mentally challenging activities enhances neural efficiency. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:865-82. [PMID: 26484698 PMCID: PMC4927925 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Correlational and limited experimental evidence suggests that an engaged lifestyle is associated with the maintenance of cognitive vitality in old age. However, the mechanisms underlying these engagement effects are poorly understood. We hypothesized that mental effort underlies engagement effects and used fMRI to examine the impact of high-challenge activities (digital photography and quilting) compared with low-challenge activities (socializing or performing low-challenge cognitive tasks) on neural function at pretest, posttest, and one year after the engagement program. METHODS In the scanner, participants performed a semantic-classification task with two levels of difficulty to assess the modulation of brain activity in response to task demands. RESULTS The High-Challenge group, but not the Low-Challenge group, showed increased modulation of brain activity in medial frontal, lateral temporal, and parietal cortex-regions associated with attention and semantic processing-some of which were maintained a year later. This increased modulation stemmed from decreases in brain activity during the easy condition for the High-Challenge group and was associated with time committed to the program, age, and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Sustained engagement in cognitively demanding activities facilitated cognition by increasing neural efficiency. Mentally-challenging activities may be neuroprotective and an important element to maintaining a healthy brain into late adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise C. Park
- Corresponding author: Denise C. Park, Ph.D., Center for Vital Longevity, 1600 Viceroy Avenue, University of Texas at Dallas,Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Tel.: +1 972 883 3255; Fax: +1 972 883 3250; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee SH, Booth JR, Chou TL. Temporo-parietal connectivity uniquely predicts reading change from childhood to adolescence. Neuroimage 2016; 142:126-134. [PMID: 27377221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) is a core node in the semantic network, and cross-sectional studies have shown that activation in this region changes developmentally and is related to skill measured concurrently. However, it is not known how functional connectivity with this region changes developmentally, and whether functional connectivity is related to future gains in reading. We conducted a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in 30 typically developing children (aged 8-15) to examine whether initial brain measures, including activation and connectivity, can predict future behavioral improvement in a semantic judgment task. Participants were scanned on entering the study (time 1, T1) and a follow-up period of 2years (time 2, T2). Character pairs were arranged in a continuous variable according to association strength (i.e. strong versus weak), and participants were asked to determine if these visually presented pairs were related in meaning. Our results demonstrated greater developmental changes from time 1 to time 2 for weaker association pairs in the left pMTG for the children (aged 8-11) as compared to the adolescents (aged 12-15). Moreover, the results showed greater developmental changes from time 1 to time 2 for weaker association pairs in connectivity between the pMTG and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) for the children as compared to the adolescents. Furthermore, a hierarchical stepwise regression model revealed that connectivity between the pMTG and IPL in weak association pairs was uniquely predictive of behavioral improvement from time 1 to time 2 for the children, but not the adolescents. Taken together, the activation results suggest relatively rapid development before adolescence of semantic representations in the pMTG. Moreover, the connectivity results of pMTG with IPL tentatively suggest that early development of semantic representations may be facilitated by enhanced engagement of phonological short-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Lee
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gemma M, Scola E, Baldoli C, Mucchetti M, Pontesilli S, De Vitis A, Falini A, Beretta L. Auditory functional magnetic resonance in awake (nonsedated) and propofol-sedated children. Paediatr Anaesth 2016; 26:521-30. [PMID: 26956994 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is often used in preoperative assessment before epilepsy surgery, tumor or cavernous malformation resection, or cochlear implantation. As it requires complete immobility, sedation is needed for uncooperative patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the fMRI cortical activation pattern after auditory stimuli in propofol-sedated 5- to 8-year-old children with that of similarly aged nonsedated children. METHODS When possible, children underwent MRI without sedation, otherwise it was induced with i.v. propofol 2 mg·kg(-1) and maintained with i.v. propofol 4-5 mg·kg(-1) ·h(-1) . Following diagnostic MRI, fMRi was carried out, randomly alternating two passive listening tasks (a fairy-tale and nonsense syllables). RESULTS We studied 14 awake and 15 sedated children. During the fairy-tale task, the nonsedated children's blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal was bilaterally present in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), Wernicke's area, and Broca's area. Sedated children showed similar activation, with lesser extension to Wernicke's area, and no activation in Broca's area. During the syllable task, the nonsedated children's BOLD signal was bilaterally observed in the STG and Wernicke's area, in Broca's area with leftward asymmetry, and in the premotor area. In sedated children, cortical activation was present in the STG, but not in the frontal lobes. BOLD signal change areas in sedated children were less extended than in nonsedated children during both the fairy-tale and syllable tasks. Modeling the temporal derivative during both the fairy-tale and syllable tasks, nonsedated children showed no response while sedated children did. CONCLUSIONS After auditory stimuli, propofol-sedated 5- to 8-year-old children exhibit an fMRI cortical activation pattern which is different from that in similarly aged nonsedated children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gemma
- Department of Head & Neck Anesthesia, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scola
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Baldoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mucchetti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pontesilli
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta De Vitis
- Department of Head & Neck Anesthesia, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Beretta
- Department of Head & Neck Anesthesia, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Comprehensive cortical thickness and surface area comparison between young Uyghur and Han Chinese cohorts. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1043-9. [PMID: 27067474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the brain structural differences as discovered previously between Westerners and East Asians could also be revealed between Han Chinese and Uyghur, which were genetically related ethnic groups with distinct languages. We conducted a brain MRI structural comparison in terms of cortical thickness and surface area between 15 healthy young Uyghurs and 15 age-matched Han Chinese. Widespread regions with significantly greater cortical thickness were found in the Uyghurs, and their distribution showed strong resemblance to previous "Westerners vs. Asians" findings. While surface area analysis displayed less widespread brain differences. Notably, our detected regions with structural differences contained a large part of language-specific or at least closely language-related brain areas, which may partly be attributable to the brain plasticity respectively driven by Uyghur and Mandarin. Our findings will help to better understand the neurobiological basis of interethnic differences along with the language processing mechanisms of Han Chinese and Uyghur.
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen PJ, Gau SSF, Lee SH, Chou TL. Differences in age-dependent neural correlates of semantic processing between youths with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing youths. Autism Res 2016; 9:1263-1273. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jane Chen
- Department of Psychology; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychology; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry; National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine; Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lee
- Department of Psychology; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Developmental differences in beta and theta power during sentence processing. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:19-30. [PMID: 26774879 PMCID: PMC6988103 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in ERPs and oscillatory dynamic occur during auditory sentence processing. Adults are significantly better at identifying syntactic errors compared to children. Adults display a significant P600 effect and theta/beta power decrease. Children display a significant N400 effect and smaller decrease in theta/beta power. These findings suggest syntactic processing skills are still developing by age 12.
Although very young children process ongoing language quickly and effortlessly, research indicates that they continue to improve and mature in their language skills through adolescence. This prolonged development may be related to differing engagement of semantic and syntactic processes. This study used event related potentials and time frequency analysis of EEG to identify developmental differences in neural engagement as children (ages 10–12) and adults performed an auditory verb agreement grammaticality judgment task. Adults and children revealed very few differences in comprehending grammatically correct sentences. When identifying grammatical errors, however, adults displayed widely distributed beta and theta power decreases that were significantly less pronounced in children. Adults also demonstrated a significant P600 effect, while children exhibited an apparent N400 effect. Thus, when identifying subtle grammatical errors in real time, adults display greater neural activation that is traditionally associated with syntactic processing whereas children exhibit greater activity more commonly associated with semantic processing. These findings support previous claims that the cognitive and neural underpinnings of syntactic processing are still developing in adolescence, and add to them by more clearly identifying developmental changes in the neural oscillations underlying grammatical processing.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bernal B, Ardila A, Rosselli M. The Network of Brodmanns Area 22 in Lexico-semantic Processing: A Pooling-data Connectivity Study. AIMS Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2016.3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
41
|
Tractography-based Parcellation of the Human Middle Temporal Gyrus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18883. [PMID: 26689815 PMCID: PMC4686935 DOI: 10.1038/srep18883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) participates in a variety of functions, suggesting the existence of distinct functional subregions. In order to further delineate the functions of this brain area, we parcellated the MTG based on its distinct anatomical connectivity profiles and identified four distinct subregions, including the anterior (aMTG), middle (mMTG), posterior (pMTG), and sulcus (sMTG). Both the anatomical connectivity patterns and the resting-state functional connectivity patterns revealed distinct connectivity profiles for each subregion. The aMTG was primarily involved in the default mode network, sound recognition, and semantic retrieval. The mMTG was predominantly involved in the semantic memory and semantic control networks. The pMTG seems to be a part of the traditional sensory language area. The sMTG appears to be associated with decoding gaze direction and intelligible speech. Interestingly, the functional connectivity with Brodmann's Area (BA) 40, BA 44, and BA 45 gradually increased from the anterior to the posterior MTG, a finding which indicated functional topographical organization as well as implying that language processing is functionally segregated in the MTG. These proposed subdivisions of the MTG and its functions contribute to understanding the complex functions of the MTG at the subregional level.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ardila A, Bernal B, Rosselli M. How Localized are Language Brain Areas? A Review of Brodmann Areas Involvement in Oral Language. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 31:112-22. [PMID: 26663825 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in understanding how language is "localized" in the brain has existed for centuries. Departing from seven meta-analytic studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging activity during the performance of different language activities, it is proposed here that there are two different language networks in the brain: first, a language reception/understanding system, including a "core Wernicke's area" involved in word recognition (BA21, BA22, BA41, and BA42), and a fringe or peripheral area ("extended Wernicke's area:" BA20, BA37, BA38, BA39, and BA40) involved in language associations (associating words with other information); second, a language production system ("Broca's complex:" BA44, BA45, and also BA46, BA47, partially BA6-mainly its mesial supplementary motor area-and extending toward the basal ganglia and the thalamus). This paper additionally proposes that the insula (BA13) plays a certain coordinating role in interconnecting these two brain language systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ardila
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Byron Bernal
- Radiology Department/Research Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Weiss Y, Katzir T, Bitan T. Many ways to read your vowels—Neural processing of diacritics and vowel letters in Hebrew. Neuroimage 2015; 121:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
44
|
Pratt H, Bleich N, Mittelman N. Spatio-temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio-visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00407. [PMID: 26664791 PMCID: PMC4667754 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spatio-temporal distributions of cortical activity to audio-visual presentations of meaningless vowel-consonant-vowels and the effects of audio-visual congruence/incongruence, with emphasis on the McGurk effect, were studied. The McGurk effect occurs when a clearly audible syllable with one consonant, is presented simultaneously with a visual presentation of a face articulating a syllable with a different consonant and the resulting percept is a syllable with a consonant other than the auditorily presented one. METHODS Twenty subjects listened to pairs of audio-visually congruent or incongruent utterances and indicated whether pair members were the same or not. Source current densities of event-related potentials to the first utterance in the pair were estimated and effects of stimulus-response combinations, brain area, hemisphere, and clarity of visual articulation were assessed. RESULTS Auditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex were the most consistently involved areas across experimental conditions. Early (<200 msec) processing of the consonant was overall prominent in the left hemisphere, except right hemisphere prominence in superior parietal cortex and secondary visual cortex. Clarity of visual articulation impacted activity in secondary visual cortex and Wernicke's area. McGurk perception was associated with decreased activity in primary and secondary auditory cortices and Wernicke's area before 100 msec, increased activity around 100 msec which decreased again around 180 msec. Activity in Broca's area was unaffected by McGurk perception and was only increased to congruent audio-visual stimuli 30-70 msec following consonant onset. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest left hemisphere prominence in the effects of stimulus and response conditions on eight brain areas involved in dynamically distributed parallel processing of audio-visual integration. Initially (30-70 msec) subcortical contributions to auditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex occur. During 100-140 msec, peristriate visual influences and Wernicke's area join in the processing. Resolution of incongruent audio-visual inputs is then attempted, and if successful, McGurk perception occurs and cortical activity in left hemisphere further increases between 170 and 260 msec.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Pratt
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Naomi Bleich
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Nomi Mittelman
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Weiss-Croft LJ, Baldeweg T. Maturation of language networks in children: A systematic review of 22years of functional MRI. Neuroimage 2015. [PMID: 26213350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how language networks change during childhood is important for theories of cognitive development and for identifying the neural causes of language impairment. Despite this, there is currently little systematic evidence regarding the typical developmental trajectory for language from the field of neuroimaging. We reviewed functional MRI (fMRI) studies published between 1992 and 2014, and quantified the evidence for age-related changes in localisation and lateralisation of fMRI activation in the language network (excluding the cerebellum and subcortical regions). Although age-related changes differed according to task type and input modality, we identified four consistent findings concerning the typical maturation of the language system. First, activation in core semantic processing regions increases with age. Second, activation in lower-level sensory and motor regions increases with age as activation in higher-level control regions reduces. We suggest that this reflects increased automaticity of language processing as children become more proficient. Third, the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (regions associated with the default mode network) show increasing attenuation across childhood and adolescence. Finally, language lateralisation is established by approximately 5years of age. Small increases in leftward lateralisation are observed in frontal regions, but these are tightly linked to performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise J Weiss-Croft
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bonhage CE, Mueller JL, Friederici AD, Fiebach CJ. Combined eye tracking and fMRI reveals neural basis of linguistic predictions during sentence comprehension. Cortex 2015; 68:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Lee SH, Booth JR, Chou TL. Developmental changes in the neural influence of sublexical information on semantic processing. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Hernandez AE, Woods EA, Bradley KAL. Neural correlates of single word reading in bilingual children and adults. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 143:11-19. [PMID: 25728012 PMCID: PMC5944362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the neural correlates of language processing in children and adult Spanish-English bilinguals. Participants were asked to perform a visual lexical processing task in both Spanish and English while being scanned with fMRI. Both children and adults recruited a similar network of left hemisphere "language" areas and showed similar proficiency profiles in Spanish. In terms of behavior, adults showed better language proficiency in English relative to children. Furthermore, neural activity in adults was observed in the bilateral MTG. Age-related differences were observed in Spanish in the right MTG. The current results confirm the presence of neural activity in a set of left hemisphere areas in both adult and child bilinguals when reading words in each language. They also reveal that differences in neural activity are not entirely driven by changes in language proficiency during visual word processing. This indicates that both skill development and age can play a role in brain activity seen across development.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bonhage CE, Fiebach CJ, Bahlmann J, Mueller JL. Brain Signature of Working Memory for Sentence Structure: Enriched Encoding and Facilitated Maintenance. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:1654-71. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sentences are easier to memorize than ungrammatical word strings, a phenomenon known as the sentence superiority effect. Yet, it is unclear how higher-order linguistic information facilitates verbal working memory and how this is implemented in the neural system. The goal of the current fMRI study was to specify the brain mechanisms underlying the sentence superiority effect during encoding and during maintenance in working memory by manipulating syntactic structure and working memory load. The encoding of sentence material, as compared with the encoding of ungrammatical word strings, recruited not only inferior frontal (BA 47) and anterior temporal language-related areas but also the medial-temporal lobe, which is not classically reported for language tasks. During maintenance, it was sentence structure as contrasted with ungrammatical word strings that led to activation decrease in Broca's area, SMA, and parietal regions. Furthermore, in Broca's area, an interaction effect revealed a load effect for ungrammatical word strings but not for sentences. The sentence superiority effect, thus, is neurally reflected in a twofold pattern, consisting of increased activation in classical language as well as memory areas during the encoding phase and decreased maintenance-related activation. This pattern reflects how chunking, based on sentential syntactic and semantic information, alleviates rehearsal demands and thus leads to improved working memory performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna E. Bonhage
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- 5Osnabrück University
| | - Christian J. Fiebach
- 2Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- 3Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jutta L. Mueller
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- 5Osnabrück University
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nevat M, Khateb A, Prior A. When first language is not first: an functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the neural basis of diglossia in Arabic. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3387-95. [PMID: 25040779 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Arabic, the language used for everyday conversation ('spoken Arabic' - SA) differs markedly from literary Arabic (LA), which is used for written communication and formal functions. This fact raises questions regarding the cognitive status of the two varieties and their processing in the brain. Previous studies using auditory stimuli suggested that LA is processed by Arabic native speakers as a second language. The current study examined this issue in the visual modality. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses were collected while Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals performed a semantic categorization task on visually presented words in LA, SA and Hebrew. Performance on LA was better than SA and Hebrew, which did not differ from each other. Activation in SA was stronger than in LA in left inferior frontal, precentral, parietal and occipito-temporal regions, and stronger than in Hebrew in left precentral and parietal regions. Activation in SA was also less lateralized than activation for LA and Hebrew, which did not differ from each other in terms of lateralization, though activation for Hebrew was more extensive in both hemispheres than activation for LA. Altogether, these results indicate an advantage for LA in the current study, presumably due to participants' proficiency in reading in this language. Stronger activation for SA appears to be due to the relative unfamiliarity of written word forms in SA, which could also explain differences in performance between the two languages. However, the stronger activation observed in the left parietal cortex may also reflect stronger associations among words in SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nevat
- The Unit for the Study of Arabic Language, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel; The Laboratory for the Study of Bilingualism, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|