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Tilton-Bolowsky V, Stockbridge MD, Hillis AE. Remapping and Reconnecting the Language Network after Stroke. Brain Sci 2024; 14:419. [PMID: 38790398 PMCID: PMC11117613 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the literature on neurotypical individuals and individuals with post-stroke aphasia showing that right-hemisphere regions homologous to language network and other regions, like the right cerebellum, are activated in language tasks and support language even in healthy people. We propose that language recovery in post-stroke aphasia occurs largely by potentiating the right hemisphere network homologous to the language network and other networks that previously supported language to a lesser degree and by modulating connection strength between nodes of the right-hemisphere language network and undamaged nodes of the left-hemisphere language network. Based on this premise (supported by evidence we review), we propose that interventions should be aimed at potentiating the right-hemisphere language network through Hebbian learning or by augmenting connections between network nodes through neuroplasticity, such as non-invasive brain stimulation and perhaps modulation of neurotransmitters involved in neuroplasticity. We review aphasia treatment studies that have taken this approach. We conclude that further aphasia rehabilitation with this aim is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Argye E. Hillis
- Departments of Neurology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, and Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (V.T.-B.); (M.D.S.)
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2
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Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Stafford JF, Davis EJ, Young IM, Fonseka RD, Briggs RG, Yeung JT, Teo C, Sughrue ME. Topology of the lateral visual system: The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus and parietal area H connect nonvisual cerebrum to the lateral occipital lobe. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2945. [PMID: 36912573 PMCID: PMC10097165 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mapping the topology of the visual system is critical for understanding how complex cognitive processes like reading can occur. We aim to describe the connectivity of the visual system to understand how the cerebrum accesses visual information in the lateral occipital lobe. METHODS Using meta-analytic software focused on task-based functional MRI studies, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) of the visual network was created. Regions of interest corresponding to the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project were co-registered onto the ALE to identify the hub-like regions of the visual network. Diffusion Spectrum Imaging-based fiber tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity of these regions with extraoccipital cortices. RESULTS The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) and parietal area H (PH) were identified as hub-like regions for the visual network. FST and PH demonstrated several areas of coactivation beyond the occipital lobe and visual network. Furthermore, these parcellations were highly interconnected with other cortical regions throughout extraoccipital cortices related to their nonvisual functional roles. A cortical model demonstrating connections to these hub-like areas was created. CONCLUSIONS FST and PH are two hub-like areas that demonstrate extensive functional coactivation and structural connections to nonvisual cerebrum. Their structural interconnectedness with language cortices along with the abnormal activation of areas commonly located in the temporo-occipital region in dyslexic individuals suggests possible important roles of FST and PH in the integration of information related to language and reading. Future studies should refine our model by examining the functional roles of these hub areas and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan F Stafford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - R Dineth Fonseka
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Charles Teo
- Cingulum Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cingulum Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Shahab QS, Young IM, Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Nicholas PJ, Lin YH, Fonseka RD, Yeung JT, Bai MY, Teo C, Doyen S, Sughrue ME. A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac140. [PMID: 35706977 PMCID: PMC9189613 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gerstmann syndrome is a constellation of neurological deficits that include agraphia, acalculia, left–right discrimination and finger agnosia. Despite a growing interest in this clinical phenomenon, there remains controversy regarding the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved. Advancements in data-driven, computational modelling provides an opportunity to create a unified cortical model with greater anatomic precision based on underlying structural and functional connectivity across complex cognitive domains. A literature search was conducted for healthy task-based functional MRI and PET studies for the four cognitive domains underlying Gerstmann’s tetrad using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and BrainMap Sleuth (2.4). Coordinate-based, meta-analytic software was utilized to gather relevant regions of interest from included studies to create an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) map for each cognitive domain. Machine-learning was used to match activated regions of the ALE to the corresponding parcel from the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Diffusion spectrum imaging-based tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity between relevant parcels in each domain on 51 healthy subjects from the HCP database. Ultimately 102 functional MRI studies met our inclusion criteria. A frontoparietal network was found to be involved in the four cognitive domains: calculation, writing, finger gnosis, and left–right orientation. There were three parcels in the left hemisphere, where the ALE of at least three cognitive domains were found to be overlapping, specifically the anterior intraparietal area, area 7 postcentral (7PC) and the medial intraparietal sulcus. These parcels surround the anteromedial portion of the intraparietal sulcus. Area 7PC was found to be involved in all four domains. These regions were extensively connected in the intraparietal sulcus, as well as with a number of surrounding large-scale brain networks involved in higher-order functions. We present a tractographic model of the four neural networks involved in the functions which are impaired in Gerstmann syndrome. We identified a ‘Gerstmann Core’ of extensively connected functional regions where at least three of the four networks overlap. These results provide clinically actionable and precise anatomic information which may help guide clinical translation in this region, such as during resective brain surgery in or near the intraparietal sulcus, and provides an empiric basis for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi S. Shahab
- University of New South Wales School of Medicine, , 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
| | | | - Yueh-Hsin Lin
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - R. Dineth Fonseka
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Jacky T. Yeung
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Y. Bai
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Charles Teo
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | | | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
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4
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Baumann A, Tödt I, Knutzen A, Gless CA, Granert O, Wolff S, Marquardt C, Becktepe JS, Peters S, Witt K, Zeuner KE. Neural Correlates of Executed Compared to Imagined Writing and Drawing Movements: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:829576. [PMID: 35370576 PMCID: PMC8973008 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.829576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether motor imagery (MI) of handwriting and circle drawing activates a similar handwriting network as writing and drawing itself. Methods Eighteen healthy right-handed participants wrote the German word “Wellen” and drew continuously circles in a sitting (vertical position) and lying position (horizontal position) to capture kinematic handwriting parameters such as velocity, pressure and regularity of hand movements. Afterward, they performed the same tasks during fMRI in a MI and an executed condition. Results The kinematic analysis revealed a general correlation of handwriting parameters during sitting and lying except of pen pressure during drawing. Writing compared to imagined writing was accompanied by an increased activity of the ipsilateral cerebellum and the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Executed compared to imagined drawing revealed elevated activity of a fronto–parieto-temporal network. By contrasting writing and drawing directly, executed writing induced an enhanced activation of the left somatosensory and premotor area. The comparison of the MI of these tasks revealed a higher involvement of occipital activation during imagined writing. Conclusion The kinematic results pointed to a high comparability of writing in a vertical and horizontal position. Overall, we observed highly overlapping cortical activity except of a higher involvement of motor control areas during motor execution. The sparse difference between writing and drawing can be explained by highly automatized writing in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Baumann,
| | - Inken Tödt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Knutzen
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Granert
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolff
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Sönke Peters
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital Oldenburg and Research Center Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Bai S, Liu W, Guan Y. The Visuospatial and Sensorimotor Functions of Posterior Parietal Cortex in Drawing Tasks: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:717002. [PMID: 34720989 PMCID: PMC8551751 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.717002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drawing is a comprehensive skill that primarily involves visuospatial processing, eye-hand coordination, and other higher-order cognitive functions. Various drawing tasks are widely used to assess brain function. The neuropsychological basis of drawing is extremely sophisticated. Previous work has addressed the critical role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in drawing, but the specific functions of the PPC in drawing remain unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological studies found that drawing activates the PPC. Lesion-symptom mapping studies have shown an association between PPC injury and drawing deficits in patients with global and focal cerebral pathology. These findings depicted a core framework of the fronto-parietal network in drawing tasks. Here, we review neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies applying drawing paradigms and discuss the specific functions of the PPC in visuospatial and sensorimotor aspects. Ultimately, we proposed a hypothetical model based on the dorsal stream. It demonstrates the organization of a PPC-centered network for drawing and provides systematic insights into drawing for future neuropsychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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6
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Devillaine L, Lambert R, Boutet J, Aloui S, Brault V, Jolly C, Labyt E. Analysis of Graphomotor Tests with Machine Learning Algorithms for an Early and Universal Pre-Diagnosis of Dysgraphia. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217026. [PMID: 34770333 PMCID: PMC8588387 DOI: 10.3390/s21217026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five to ten percent of school-aged children display dysgraphia, a neuro-motor disorder that causes difficulties in handwriting, which becomes a handicap in the daily life of these children. Yet, the diagnosis of dysgraphia remains tedious, subjective and dependent to the language besides stepping in late in the schooling. We propose a pre-diagnosis tool for dysgraphia using drawings called graphomotor tests. These tests are recorded using graphical tablets. We evaluate several machine-learning models and compare them to build this tool. A database comprising 305 children from the region of Grenoble, including 43 children with dysgraphia, has been established and diagnosed by specialists using the BHK test, which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of dysgraphia in France. We performed tests of classification by extracting, correcting and selecting features from the raw data collected with the tablets and achieved a maximum accuracy of 73% with cross-validation for three models. These promising results highlight the relevance of graphomotor tests to diagnose dysgraphia earlier and more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Devillaine
- CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Leti, 38000 Grenoble, France; (L.D.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Raphaël Lambert
- CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Leti, 38000 Grenoble, France; (L.D.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (S.A.)
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jérôme Boutet
- CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Leti, 38000 Grenoble, France; (L.D.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Saifeddine Aloui
- CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Leti, 38000 Grenoble, France; (L.D.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Vincent Brault
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, LJK, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Caroline Jolly
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Etienne Labyt
- CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Leti, 38000 Grenoble, France; (L.D.); (R.L.); (J.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-38-78-06-87
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7
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Fornazzari L, Tan YB, Haladyn J, Bharatha A, Barfett J, Wilson-Sanchez M, Afroz N, Fischer CE. The painter who changed her brain at the flick of a switch. Neurocase 2021; 27:333-337. [PMID: 34436984 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1954198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of artists with acquired brain damage is an empirical way to investigate the multiplicity of cerebral changes that occur with artistic training. We describe a talented painter with a left progressive cerebral lesion. In spite of losing function of her right hand, she regained dexterity of the left one in ten days for painting and drawing but not for writing. We discuss two potential explanations for her rapid recovery: (a) her extensive artistic training and/or (b) the slow-growing nature of her cerebral lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fornazzari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK.,, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yu Bin Tan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Canada
| | | | - Aditya Bharatha
- Neuro Radiology Department, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph Barfett
- Neuro Radiology Department, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK.,Nuclear Medicine Department, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maya Wilson-Sanchez
- OCAD University, Toronto, Canada.,Art History, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nausheen Afroz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St Michael's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Li J, Hong L, Bi HY, Yang Y. Functional brain networks underlying automatic and controlled handwriting in Chinese. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 219:104962. [PMID: 33984629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the functional brain networks underlying the distinctions between automatic and controlled handwriting in Chinese. Network-based analysis was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected while adult participants performed a copying task under automatic and speed-controlled conditions. We found significant differences between automatic and speed-controlled handwriting in functional connectivity within and between the frontoparietal network, default mode network, dorsal attention network, somatomotor network and visual network; these differences reflect the variations in general attentional control and task-relevant visuomotor operations. However, no differences in brain activation were detected between the two handwriting conditions, suggesting that the reorganization of functional networks, rather than the modulation of local brain activation, underlies the dissociations between automatic and controlled handwriting in Chinese. Our findings illustrate the brain basis of handwriting automaticity, shedding new light on how handwriting automaticity may be disrupted in individuals with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Foreign Languages, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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The Neural Bases of Drawing. A Meta-analysis and a Systematic Literature Review of Neurofunctional Studies in Healthy Individuals. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:689-702. [PMID: 33728526 PMCID: PMC8593049 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drawing is a multi-component process requiring a wide range of cognitive abilities. Several studies on patients with focal brain lesions and functional neuroimaging studies on healthy individuals demonstrated that drawing is associated with a wide brain network. However, the neural structures specifically related to drawing remain to be better comprehended. We conducted a systematic review complemented by a meta-analytic approach to identify the core neural underpinnings related to drawing in healthy individuals. In analysing the selected studies, we took into account the type of the control task employed (i.e. motor or non-motor) and the type of drawn stimulus (i.e. geometric, figurative, or nonsense). The results showed that a fronto-parietal network, particularly on the left side of the brain, was involved in drawing when compared with other motor activities. Drawing figurative images additionally activated the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior temporal cortex, brain areas involved in selection of semantic features of objects and in visual semantic processing. Moreover, copying more than drawing from memory was associated with the activation of extrastriate cortex (BA 18, 19). The activation likelihood estimation coordinate-based meta-analysis revealed a core neural network specifically associated with drawing which included the premotor area (BA 6) and the inferior parietal lobe (BA 40) bilaterally, and the left precuneus (BA 7). These results showed that a fronto-parietal network is specifically involved in drawing and suggested that a crucial role is played by the (left) inferior parietal lobe, consistent with classical literature on constructional apraxia.
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10
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Hogrefe K, Goldenberg G, Glindemann R, Klonowski M, Ziegler W. Nonverbal Semantics Test (NVST)-A Novel Diagnostic Tool to Assess Semantic Processing Deficits: Application to Persons with Aphasia after Cerebrovascular Accident. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030359. [PMID: 33799816 PMCID: PMC7998888 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of semantic processing capacities often relies on verbal tasks which are, however, sensitive to impairments at several language processing levels. Especially for persons with aphasia there is a strong need for a tool that measures semantic processing skills independent of verbal abilities. Furthermore, in order to assess a patient’s potential for using alternative means of communication in cases of severe aphasia, semantic processing should be assessed in different nonverbal conditions. The Nonverbal Semantics Test (NVST) is a tool that captures semantic processing capacities through three tasks—Semantic Sorting, Drawing, and Pantomime. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the NVST and measures of standard neurolinguistic assessment. Fifty-one persons with aphasia caused by left hemisphere brain damage were administered the NVST as well as the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT). A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted across all AAT and NVST subtests. The analysis resulted in a two-factor model that captured 69% of the variance of the original data, with all linguistic tasks loading high on one factor and the NVST subtests loading high on the other. These findings suggest that nonverbal tasks assessing semantic processing capacities should be administered alongside standard neurolinguistic aphasia tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hogrefe
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Georg Goldenberg
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ralf Glindemann
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Madleen Klonowski
- Sprach- und Schlucktherapie, Schön Klinik München Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany;
| | - Wolfram Ziegler
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (W.Z.)
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11
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Drawing on the brain: An ALE meta-analysis of functional brain activation during drawing. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2020.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chen Q, Beaty RE, Qiu J. Mapping the artistic brain: Common and distinct neural activations associated with musical, drawing, and literary creativity. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3403-3419. [PMID: 32472741 PMCID: PMC7375056 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether creativity is a domain‐general or domain‐specific ability has been a topic of intense speculation. Although previous studies have examined domain‐specific mechanisms of creative performance, little is known about commonalities and distinctions in neural correlates across different domains. We applied activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis to identify the brain activation of domain‐mechanisms by synthesizing functional neuroimaging studies across three forms of artistic creativity: music improvisation, drawing, and literary creativity. ALE meta‐analysis yielded a domain‐general pattern across three artistic forms, with overlapping clusters in the presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Regarding domain‐specificity, musical creativity was associated with recruitment of the SMA‐proper, bilateral IFG, left precentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared to the other two artistic forms; drawing creativity recruited the left fusiform gyrus, left precuneus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right MFG compared to musical creativity; and literary creativity recruited the left angular gyrus and right lingual gyrus compared to musical creativity. Contrasting drawing and literary creativity revealed no significant differences in neural activation, suggesting that these domains may rely on a common neurocognitive system. Overall, these findings reveal a central, domain‐general system for artistic creativity, but with each domain relying to some degree on domain‐specific neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunlin Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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13
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The N200 enhancement effect in reading Chinese is modulated by actual writing. Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Yang Y, Tam F, Graham SJ, Sun G, Li J, Gu C, Tao R, Wang N, Bi HY, Zuo Z. Men and women differ in the neural basis of handwriting. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2642-2655. [PMID: 32090433 PMCID: PMC7294055 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about whether, and to what extent, males differ from females in their language skills. In the case of handwriting, a composite language skill involving language and motor processes, behavioral observations consistently show robust sex differences but the mechanisms underlying the effect are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a copying task, the present study examined the neural basis of sex differences in handwriting in 53 healthy adults (ages 19–28, 27 males). Compared to females, males showed increased activation in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (Exner's area), a region thought to support the conversion between orthographic and graphomotor codes. Functional connectivity between Exner's area and the right cerebellum was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, sex differences in brain activity related to handwriting were independent of language material. This study identifies a novel neural signature of sex differences in a hallmark of human behavior, and highlights the importance of considering sex as a factor in scientific research and clinical applications involving handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guochen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nizhuan Wang
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovation Center of Excellence on Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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The impact of spelling regularity on handwriting production: A coupled fMRI and kinematics study. Cortex 2019; 113:111-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Lin YC, Chao YL, Hsu CH, Hsu HM, Chen PT, Kuo LC. The effect of task complexity on handwriting kinetics. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2019; 86:158-168. [PMID: 30884958 DOI: 10.1177/0008417419832327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Knowledge regarding the relationship between writing kinetics and the difference among writing tasks is limited. PURPOSE. This study examined the differences in handwriting performance when doing tasks with different levels of challenge from both temporal and kinetic perspectives among children in four different age groups. METHOD. The cross-sectional design introduced a force-acquisition pen to detect differences of pen grip and writing kinetics among 170 school-age children doing writing tasks at different difficulty levels. Data were obtained on the force information of the digits and pen tip and the kinetic parameters to examine the coordination-and-control mechanism between the digits and pen. Statistical analyzes were carried out to indicate the differences in writing performance among groups and tasks. FINDINGS. Statistical differences in the pen-grip forces, force fluctuation, and force ratio between grip and pen-tip forces were found when performing different writing tasks and among different age groups. IMPLICATIONS. The study provides an alternative method to explore how writing performance among school-age children can vary according to the difficulty of the writing tasks.
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17
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Abstract
Since the classic papers of Kleist, Mayer Gross, and Critchley, constructional apraxia (CA) has been considered to be a typical sign of a parietal lobe lesion, and as a precious tool to appreciate the spatial abilities subserved by this lobe. However, the development of more sophisticated neuropsychologic models and methods of investigation has revealed several problematic aspects. It has become increasingly clear that CA is a heterogeneous construct that can be examined with very different tasks, that are only mildly interconnected, and tap various kinds of visuospatial, perceptual, attentional, planning, and motor mechanisms. On the basis of these considerations, the relationships between parietal lobe functions and constructional activities must be considered, taking into account on the one hand the heterogeneity of the tasks and of the cognitive functions requested by different kinds of constructional activities and, on the other hand, the plurality of functions and of processing streams linking different parts of the parietal lobes to the occipital and frontal lobes.
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18
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Palmis S, Danna J, Velay JL, Longcamp M. Motor control of handwriting in the developing brain: A review. Cogn Neuropsychol 2017; 34:187-204. [PMID: 28891745 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1367654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the acquisition of writing motor aspects in adults, and in 5-to 12-year-old children without learning disabilities. We first describe the behavioural aspects of adult writing and dominant models based on the notion of motor programs. We show that handwriting acquisition is characterized by the transition from reactive movements programmed stroke-by-stroke in younger children, to an automatic control of the whole trajectory when the motor programs are memorized at about 10 years old. Then, we describe the neural correlates of adult writing, and the changes that could occur with learning during childhood. The acquisition of a new skill is characterized by the involvement of a network more restricted in space and where neural specificity is increased in key regions. The cerebellum and the left dorsal premotor cortex are of fundamental importance in motor learning, and could be at the core of the acquisition of handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Palmis
- a CNRS, Aix Marseille University LNC, , Marseille , France
| | - Jeremy Danna
- a CNRS, Aix Marseille University LNC, , Marseille , France
| | - Jean-Luc Velay
- a CNRS, Aix Marseille University LNC, , Marseille , France
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19
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Marchesotti S, Martuzzi R, Schurger A, Blefari ML, Del Millán JR, Bleuler H, Blanke O. Cortical and subcortical mechanisms of brain-machine interfaces. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2971-2989. [PMID: 28321973 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in the field of Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) enable users to control a variety of external devices such as robotic arms, wheelchairs, virtual entities and communication systems through the decoding of brain signals in real time. Most BMI systems sample activity from restricted brain regions, typically the motor and premotor cortex, with limited spatial resolution. Despite the growing number of applications, the cortical and subcortical systems involved in BMI control are currently unknown at the whole-brain level. Here, we provide a comprehensive and detailed report of the areas active during on-line BMI control. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while participants controlled an EEG-based BMI inside the scanner. We identified the regions activated during BMI control and how they overlap with those involved in motor imagery (without any BMI control). In addition, we investigated which regions reflect the subjective sense of controlling a BMI, the sense of agency for BMI-actions. Our data revealed an extended cortical-subcortical network involved in operating a motor-imagery BMI. This includes not only sensorimotor regions but also the posterior parietal cortex, the insula and the lateral occipital cortex. Interestingly, the basal ganglia and the anterior cingulate cortex were involved in the subjective sense of controlling the BMI. These results inform basic neuroscience by showing that the mechanisms of BMI control extend beyond sensorimotor cortices. This knowledge may be useful for the development of BMIs that offer a more natural and embodied feeling of control for the user. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2971-2989, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchesotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Robotic Systems, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Martuzzi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Schurger
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin Research Center, INSERM, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria Laura Blefari
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José R Del Millán
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Bleuler
- Laboratory of Robotic Systems, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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How specialized are writing-specific brain regions? An fMRI study of writing, drawing and oral spelling. Cortex 2017; 88:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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DeMarco AT, Wilson SM, Rising K, Rapcsak SZ, Beeson PM. Neural substrates of sublexical processing for spelling. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 164:118-128. [PMID: 27838547 PMCID: PMC5179287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We used fMRI to examine the neural substrates of sublexical phoneme-grapheme conversion during spelling in a group of healthy young adults. Participants performed a writing-to-dictation task involving irregular words (e.g., choir), plausible nonwords (e.g., kroid), and a control task of drawing familiar geometric shapes (e.g., squares). Written production of both irregular words and nonwords engaged a left-hemisphere perisylvian network associated with reading/spelling and phonological processing skills. Effects of lexicality, manifested by increased activation during nonword relative to irregular word spelling, were noted in anterior perisylvian regions (posterior inferior frontal gyrus/operculum/precentral gyrus/insula), and in left ventral occipito-temporal cortex. In addition to enhanced neural responses within domain-specific components of the language network, the increased cognitive demands associated with spelling nonwords engaged domain-general frontoparietal cortical networks involved in selective attention and executive control. These results elucidate the neural substrates of sublexical processing during written language production and complement lesion-deficit correlation studies of phonological agraphia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Steven Z Rapcsak
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pélagie M Beeson
- University of Arizona, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, United States
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22
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Cao F, Perfetti CA. Neural Signatures of the Reading-Writing Connection: Greater Involvement of Writing in Chinese Reading than English Reading. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168414. [PMID: 27992505 PMCID: PMC5161366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on cross-linguistic comparisons of the neural correlates of reading has consistently found that the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) is more involved in Chinese than in English. However, there is a lack of consensus on the interpretation of the language difference. Because this region has been found to be involved in writing, we hypothesize that reading Chinese characters involves this writing region to a greater degree because Chinese speakers learn to read by repeatedly writing the characters. To test this hypothesis, we recruited English L1 learners of Chinese, who performed a reading task and a writing task in each language. The English L1 sample had learned some Chinese characters through character-writing and others through phonological learning, allowing a test of writing-on-reading effect. We found that the left MFG was more activated in Chinese than English regardless of task, and more activated in writing than in reading regardless of language. Furthermore, we found that this region was more activated for reading Chinese characters learned by character-writing than those learned by phonological learning. A major conclusion is that writing regions are also activated in reading, and that this reading-writing connection is modulated by the learning experience. We replicated the main findings in a group of native Chinese speakers, which excluded the possibility that the language differences observed in the English L1 participants were due to different language proficiency level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles A Perfetti
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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23
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Wenger E, Kühn S, Verrel J, Mårtensson J, Bodammer NC, Lindenberger U, Lövdén M. Repeated Structural Imaging Reveals Nonlinear Progression of Experience-Dependent Volume Changes in Human Motor Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2016; 27:2911-2925. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Pattamadilok C, Ponz A, Planton S, Bonnard M. Contribution of writing to reading: Dissociation between cognitive and motor process in the left dorsal premotor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1531-43. [PMID: 26813381 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional brain imaging studies reported activation of the left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), that is, a main area in the writing network, in reading tasks. However, it remains unclear whether this area is causally relevant for written stimulus recognition or its activation simply results from a passive coactivation of reading and writing networks. Here, we used chronometric paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to address this issue by disrupting the activity of the PMd, the so-called Exner's area, while participants performed a lexical decision task. Both words and pseudowords were presented in printed and handwritten characters. The latter was assumed to be closely associated with motor representations of handwriting gestures. We found that TMS over the PMd in relatively early time-windows, i.e., between 60 and 160 ms after the stimulus onset, increased reaction times to pseudoword without affecting word recognition. Interestingly, this result pattern was found for both printed and handwritten characters, that is, regardless of whether the characters evoked motor representations of writing actions. Our result showed that under some circumstances the activation of the PMd does not simply result from passive association between reading and writing networks but has a functional role in the reading process. At least, at an early stage of written stimuli recognition, this role seems to depend on a common sublexical and serial process underlying writing and pseudoword reading rather than on an implicit evocation of writing actions during reading as typically assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Ponz
- Centre IRMf de Marseille, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR 7289 and Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Planton
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, UMR 7309, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mireille Bonnard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S1106, Marseille, France
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25
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Goyal A, Samadani AA, Guerguerian AM, Chau T. An online three-class Transcranial Doppler ultrasound brain computer interface. Neurosci Res 2016; 107:47-56. [PMID: 26795195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain computer interfaces (BCI) can provide communication opportunities for individuals with severe motor disabilities. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measures cerebral blood flow velocities and can be used to develop a BCI. A previously implemented TCD BCI system used verbal and spatial tasks as control signals; however, the spatial task involved a visual cue that awkwardly diverted the user's attention away from the communication interface. Therefore, vision-independent right-lateralized tasks were investigated. Using a bilateral TCD BCI, ten participants controlled online, an on-screen keyboard using a left-lateralized task (verbal fluency), a right-lateralized task (fist motor imagery or 3D-shape tracing), and unconstrained rest. 3D-shape tracing was generally more discernible from other tasks than was fist motor imagery. Verbal fluency, 3D-shape tracing and unconstrained rest were distinguished from each other using a linear discriminant classifier, achieving a mean agreement of κ=0.43±0.17. These rates are comparable to the best offline three-class TCD BCI accuracies reported thus far. The online communication system achieved a mean information transfer rate (ITR) of 1.08±0.69bits/min with values reaching up to 2.46bits/min, thereby exceeding the ITR of previous online TCD BCIs. These findings demonstrate the potential of a three-class online TCD BCI that does not require visual task cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Goyal
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ali-Akbar Samadani
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Guerguerian
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
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26
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Drawing and writing: An ALE meta-analysis of sensorimotor activations. Brain Cogn 2015; 98:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Ardila A, Bernal B, Rosselli M. Language and visual perception associations: meta-analytic connectivity modeling of Brodmann area 37. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:565871. [PMID: 25648869 PMCID: PMC4306224 DOI: 10.1155/2015/565871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the functions of different brain areas has represented a major endeavor of neurosciences. Historically, brain functions have been associated with specific cortical brain areas; however, modern neuroimaging developments suggest cognitive functions are associated to networks rather than to areas. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to analyze the connectivity of Brodmann area (BA) 37 (posterior, inferior, and temporal/fusiform gyrus) in relation to (1) language and (2) visual processing. METHODS Two meta-analyses were initially conducted (first level analysis). The first one was intended to assess the language network in which BA37 is involved. The second one was intended to assess the visual perception network. A third meta-analysis (second level analysis) was then performed to assess contrasts and convergence between the two cognitive domains (language and visual perception). The DataBase of Brainmap was used. RESULTS Our results support the role of BA37 in language but by means of a distinct network from the network that supports its second most important function: visual perception. CONCLUSION It was concluded that left BA37 is a common node of two distinct networks-visual recognition (perception) and semantic language functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ardila
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Byron Bernal
- Radiology Department and Research Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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28
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Yuan Y, Brown S. The neural basis of mark making: a functional MRI study of drawing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108628. [PMID: 25271440 PMCID: PMC4182721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to most other forms of visually-guided motor activity, drawing is unique in that it "leaves a trail behind" in the form of the emanating image. We took advantage of an MRI-compatible drawing tablet in order to examine both the motor production and perceptual emanation of images. Subjects participated in a series of mark making tasks in which they were cued to draw geometric patterns on the tablet's surface. The critical comparison was between when visual feedback was displayed (image generation) versus when it was not (no image generation). This contrast revealed an occipito-parietal stream involved in motion-based perception of the emerging image, including areas V5/MT+, LO, V3A, and the posterior part of the intraparietal sulcus. Interestingly, when subjects passively viewed animations of visual patterns emerging on the projected surface, all of the sensorimotor network involved in drawing was strongly activated, with the exception of the primary motor cortex. These results argue that the origin of the human capacity to draw and write involves not only motor skills for tool use but also motor-sensory links between drawing movements and the visual images that emanate from them in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Dentico D, Cheung BL, Chang JY, Guokas J, Boly M, Tononi G, Van Veen B. Reversal of cortical information flow during visual imagery as compared to visual perception. Neuroimage 2014; 100:237-43. [PMID: 24910071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of bottom-up and top-down connections during visual perception and the formation of mental images was examined by analyzing high-density EEG recordings of brain activity using two state-of-the-art methods for assessing the directionality of cortical signal flow: state-space Granger causality and dynamic causal modeling. We quantified the directionality of signal flow in an occipito-parieto-frontal cortical network during perception of movie clips versus mental replay of the movies and free visual imagery. Both Granger causality and dynamic causal modeling analyses revealed an increased top-down signal flow in parieto-occipital cortices during mental imagery as compared to visual perception. These results are the first direct demonstration of a reversal of the predominant direction of cortical signal flow during mental imagery as compared to perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dentico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Bing Leung Cheung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jui-Yang Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Guokas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Melanie Boly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center and Neurology Department, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août no 8, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Barry Van Veen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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30
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Fedorenko E. The role of domain-general cognitive control in language comprehension. Front Psychol 2014; 5:335. [PMID: 24803909 PMCID: PMC4009428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
What role does domain-general cognitive control play in understanding linguistic input? Although much evidence has suggested that domain-general cognitive control and working memory resources are sometimes recruited during language comprehension, many aspects of this relationship remain elusive. For example, how frequently do cognitive control mechanisms get engaged when we understand language? And is this engagement necessary for successful comprehension? I here (a) review recent brain imaging evidence for the neural separability of the brain regions that support high-level linguistic processing vs. those that support domain-general cognitive control abilities; (b) define the space of possibilities for the relationship between these sets of brain regions; and (c) review the available evidence that constrains these possibilities to some extent. I argue that we should stop asking whether domain-general cognitive control mechanisms play a role in language comprehension, and instead focus on characterizing the division of labor between the cognitive control brain regions and the more functionally specialized language regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
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31
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Cloutman LL, Binney RJ, Morris DM, Parker GJM, Lambon Ralph MA. Using in vivo probabilistic tractography to reveal two segregated dorsal 'language-cognitive' pathways in the human brain. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 127:230-40. [PMID: 23937853 PMCID: PMC3842500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Primate studies have recently identified the dorsal stream as constituting multiple dissociable pathways associated with a range of specialized cognitive functions. To elucidate the nature and number of dorsal pathways in the human brain, the current study utilized in vivo probabilistic tractography to map the structural connectivity associated with subdivisions of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). The left SMG is a prominent region within the dorsal stream, which has recently been parcellated into five structurally-distinct regions which possess a dorsal-ventral (and rostral-caudal) organisation, postulated to reflect areas of functional specialisation. The connectivity patterns reveal a dissociation of the arcuate fasciculus into at least two segregated pathways connecting frontal-parietal-temporal regions. Specifically, the connectivity of the inferior SMG, implicated as an acoustic-motor speech interface, is carried by an inner/ventro-dorsal arc of fibres, whilst the pathways of the posterior superior SMG, implicated in object use and cognitive control, forms a parallel outer/dorso-dorsal crescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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32
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Planton S, Jucla M, Roux FE, Démonet JF. The “handwriting brain”: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of motor versus orthographic processes. Cortex 2013; 49:2772-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Schaer K, Jahn G, Lotze M. fMRI-activation during drawing a naturalistic or sketchy portrait. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Shoyama M, Nishioka T, Okumura M, Kose A, Tsuji T, Ukai S, Shinosaki K. Brain activity during the Clock-Drawing Test: multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:243-51. [PMID: 22074062 DOI: 10.1080/09084282.2011.595450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) is widely used in clinical practice for the screening of dementia. However, neural activity during real clock drawing has not been investigated due to motion artifacts. In the present study, we examined brain activity during real clock drawing using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We measured hemoglobin concentration changes in the prefrontal and temporal surface areas during clock drawing using 52-channel NIRS. Data obtained from 37 right-handed healthy volunteers were analyzed. We found significant increases in oxy-Hb in more than 96.2% of the channels (false-discovery rate corrected, p < .025). The time required for CDT performance showed a negative correlation with changes in oxy-Hb in the prefrontal region (r = -.529, p = .002). The mean value for oxy-Hb changes was higher in the left hemisphere in 20 subjects (54%) and in the right hemisphere in 17 subjects (46%). The NIRS/CDT combination is acceptable as a clinical tool, as the method has the advantages of direct measurement of cortical activation with high temporal resolution. Our results confirm the aspects of the CDT involving the frontal-lobe battery.
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35
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36
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Moran A, Guillot A, Macintyre T, Collet C. Re-imagining motor imagery: building bridges between cognitive neuroscience and sport psychology. Br J Psychol 2011; 103:224-47. [PMID: 22506748 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable capacities of the mind is its ability to simulate sensations, actions, and other types of experience. A mental simulation process that has attracted recent attention from cognitive neuroscientists and sport psychologists is motor imagery or the mental rehearsal of actions without engaging in the actual physical movements involved. Research on motor imagery is important in psychology because it provides an empirical window on consciousness and movement planning, rectifies a relative neglect of non-visual types of mental imagery, and has practical implications for skill learning and skilled performance in special populations (e.g., athletes, surgeons). Unfortunately, contemporary research on motor imagery is hampered by a variety of semantic, conceptual, and methodological issues that prevent cross-fertilization of ideas between cognitive neuroscience and sport psychology. In this paper, we review these issues, suggest how they can be resolved, and sketch some potentially fruitful new directions for inter-disciplinary research in motor imagery.
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37
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Effect of literacy and education on the visuoconstructional ability of non-demented elderly individuals. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2011; 17:934-9. [PMID: 21880173 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617711000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Learning to read and to write influences not only verbal skills but also global cognitive performance. Our study aimed to compare the visuoconstructional abilities of elderly illiterates with those of elderly literates. A total of 125 healthy subjects over 65 years old were recruited. Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) constructional praxis examination were used. We divided subjects into three groups (educated literate n = 53, uneducated literate n = 36 and uneducated illiterate n = 36). Interlocking pentagons drawing, a part of the K-MMSE, was scored using the 6-point hierarchical scale. The uneducated-illiterate group obtained significantly lower scores than did the other two groups. Scores on the ADAS-cog constructional praxis test were highest in the educated-literate group and those in the uneducated-illiterate group obtained the lowest scores. We demonstrated that illiteracy influences not only language performance but also visuoconstructional functioning.
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38
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Tam F, Churchill NW, Strother SC, Graham SJ. A new tablet for writing and drawing during functional MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32:240-8. [PMID: 20336688 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Writing and drawing are understudied with fMRI, partly for lack of a device that approximates these behaviors well while supporting task feedback and quantitative behavioral logging in the confines of the magnet. Consequently, we developed a tablet based on touchscreen technology that is accurate, reliable, relatively inexpensive, and fMRI compatible. After confirming fMRI compatibility, we conducted preliminary fMRI experiments examining the neural correlates of a widely used pen-and-paper neuropsychological assessment, the trail making test. In two subjects, we found left hemisphere frontal lobe activations similar to the major results of a previous group study, and we also noted individual differences mostly in the right hemisphere. These results demonstrate the utility of the new tablet for adaptations of pen-and-paper tests and suggest possible uses of the tablet for longitudinal, within-subjects studies of disease or therapy. We also discuss using the tablet for several other types of tests requiring many, continuous, or two-dimensional responses that were previously very difficult to perform during fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Tam
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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39
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Okamoto Y, Morita K, Yamamoto A, Ishii Y, Haruguchi N, Uchimura N. Changes in task-associated cerebral blood induced by role lettering: measurement by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Kurume Med J 2011; 57:51-8. [PMID: 21186339 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.57.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using optical topography (near-infrared spectroscopy: NIRS), relative changes in oxidized hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured before and after the introduction of Role lettering. Tasks performed during measurements included antegrade (from the subject to other persons) and retrograde (from other persons to the subject) mental imaging and writing tasks. All subjects were junior high school students. Relative changes in oxy-Hb were measured before and 3, 6, and 12 months after the start of Role lettering. The region of interest (ROI) was determined based upon the motor cortex region of hand movement and upon relative oxy-Hb changes noted before any Role lettering. For antegrade mental tasks, oxy-Hb increased significantly in right-sided ROI after 3 months; this increase persisted at 1 year. For retrograde mental tasks, oxy-Hb significantly increased bilaterally at 3 months, an effect that also persisted at 1 year. With the antegrade writing task, no significant difference was observed throughout the study; with the retrograde writing task, oxy-Hb level decreased significantly in right lateral ROI after 6 months; the decrease persisted at 1 year. The number of words produced after Role lettering increased significantly in both antegrade and retrograde writing tasks at 1 year, compared with the number before Role lettering. Role lettering thus altered mental activity, particularly in the right hemisphere. Retrograde writing tasks, similar to those employed in the actual practice of Role lettering, reduced right hemispheric function; continuation of the task enhanced performance. Role lettering studies using NIRS may provide useful psychophysiologic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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40
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Kottlow M, Praeg E, Luethy C, Jancke L. Artists’ Advance: Decreased Upper Alpha Power while Drawing in Artists Compared with Non-Artists. Brain Topogr 2010; 23:392-402. [PMID: 20945085 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-010-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kottlow
- Electrophysiology Section, Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, Psychiatric University Hospital Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000, Bern 60, Switzerland.
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41
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Numbers can move our hands: a spatial representation effect in digits handwriting. Exp Brain Res 2010; 205:479-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Makuuchi M. fMRI studies on drawing revealed two new neural correlates that coincide with the language network. Cortex 2010; 46:268-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Cloutman L, Gingis L, Newhart M, Davis C, Heidler-Gary J, Crinion J, Hillis AE. A neural network critical for spelling. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:249-53. [PMID: 19743449 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify neuroanatomical regions associated with deficits to the graphemic buffer, a working memory component of the spelling system that holds the sequence of letter identities during production. We evaluated 331 patients with left hemisphere ischemic stroke with various spelling tests and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging, within 48 hours of stroke onset. A voxel-wise statistical map showed that ischemia in voxels in posterior and inferior frontal and parietal cortex, subcortical white matter underlying prefrontal cortex, lateral occipital gyrus, or caudate was associated with impairment in maintaining the sequence of letter identities while spelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cloutman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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44
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Trojano L, Grossi D, Flash T. Cognitive neuroscience of drawing: Contributions of neuropsychological, experimental and neurofunctional studies. Cortex 2009; 45:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Hauptmann B, Sosnik R, Smikt O, Okon E, Manor D, Kushnir T, Flash T, Karni A. A new method to record and control for 2D-movement kinematics during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cortex 2009; 45:407-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Harrington GS, Farias D, Davis CH. The neural basis for simulated drawing and the semantic implications. Cortex 2009; 45:386-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Lin CY, Xiao ZW, Shen L, Zhang JX, Weng XC. Similar brain activation patterns for writing logographic and phonetic symbols in Chinese. Neuroreport 2007; 18:1621-5. [PMID: 17885613 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f0405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This event-related functional MRI study examined the neural correlates for Chinese writing, by comparing the writing of logographic characters and that of pinyin, a phonetic notation system for Chinese characters. The temporal profile of the activations indicated that the middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and posterior inferior temporal gyrus reflected more central processes for writing. Although pinyin writing elicited greater activity overall than character writing, the critical finding is that the two types of symbols recruited essentially the same brain regions. The results were compared with studies in Japanese showing dissociation between logographic kanji and phonetic kana writing and frequency of use was suggested to be an important factor in accounting for result differences across the two writing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Lin
- Laboratory for Higher Brain Function, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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