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Diveica V, Muraki EJ, Binney RJ, Pexman PM. Mapping semantic space: Exploring the higher-order structure of word meaning. Cognition 2024; 248:105794. [PMID: 38653181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple representation theories posit that concepts are represented via a combination of properties derived from sensorimotor, affective, and linguistic experiences. Recently, it has been proposed that information derived from social experience, or socialness, represents another key aspect of conceptual representation. How these various dimensions interact to form a coherent conceptual space has yet to be fully explored. To address this, we capitalized on openly available word property norms for 6339 words and conducted a large-scale investigation into the relationships between 18 dimensions. An exploratory factor analysis reduced the dimensions to six higher-order factors: sub-lexical, distributional, visuotactile, body action, affective and social interaction. All these factors explained unique variance in performance on lexical and semantic tasks, demonstrating that they make important contributions to the representation of word meaning. An important and novel finding was that the socialness dimension clustered with the auditory modality and with mouth and head actions. We suggest this reflects experiential learning from verbal interpersonal interactions. Moreover, formally modelling the network structure of semantic space revealed pairwise partial correlations between most dimensions and highlighted the centrality of the interoception dimension. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the architecture of conceptual space, including the importance of inner and social experience, and highlight promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2AS, UK; Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Emiko J Muraki
- Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Richard J Binney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2AS, UK.
| | - Penny M Pexman
- Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
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2
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Diveica V, Muraki EJ, Binney RJ, Pexman PM. Socialness effects in lexical-semantic processing. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2024:2024-64711-001. [PMID: 38512176 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary theories of semantic representation posit that social experience is an important source of information for deriving meaning. However, there is a lack of behavioral evidence in support of this proposal. The aim of the present work was to test whether words' degree of social relevance, or socialness, influences lexical-semantic processing. In Study 1, across a series of item-level regression analyses, we found that (a) socialness can facilitate responses in lexical, semantic, and memory tasks, and (b) limited evidence for an interaction of socialness with concreteness. In Studies 2-3, we tested the preregistered hypothesis that social words, compared to nonsocial words, will be associated with faster and more accurate responses during a syntactic classification task. We found that socialness has a facilitatory effect on noun decisions (Study 3), but not verb decisions (Study 2). Overall, our results suggest that the socialness of a word affects lexical-semantic processing but also that this is task-dependent. These findings constitute novel evidence in support of proposals that social information is an important dimension of semantic representation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Bangor University
| | | | - Richard J Binney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Bangor University
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3
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Rouse MA, Binney RJ, Patterson K, Rowe JB, Lambon Ralph MA. A neuroanatomical and cognitive model of impaired social behaviour in frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2024:awae040. [PMID: 38334506 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, with atrophy of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also common in semantic dementia, with atrophy centred on the anterior temporal lobes. The impairment of social behaviour in FTD has typically been attributed to damage to the orbitofrontal cortex and/or temporal poles and/or the uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, the relative contributions of each region are unresolved. In this Review, we present a unified neurocognitive model of controlled social behaviour that not only explains the observed impairment of social behaviours in FTD, but also assimilates both consistent and potentially contradictory findings from other patient groups, comparative neurology and normative cognitive neuroscience. We propose that impaired social behaviour results from damage to two cognitively- and anatomically-distinct components. The first component is social-semantic knowledge, a part of the general semantic-conceptual system supported by the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. The second component is social control, supported by the orbitofrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex and ventrolateral frontal cortex, which interacts with social-semantic knowledge to guide and shape social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Rouse
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Richard J Binney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2AS, UK
| | - Karalyn Patterson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
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Diveica V, Riedel MC, Salo T, Laird AR, Jackson RL, Binney RJ. Graded functional organization in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11384-11399. [PMID: 37833772 PMCID: PMC10690868 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, such as language and executive function. However, its functional organization is unclear. Possibilities include a singular domain-general function, or multiple functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. Furthermore, spatial transition in function may be either abrupt or graded. The present study explored the topographical organization of the left inferior frontal gyrus using a bimodal data-driven approach. We extracted functional connectivity gradients from (i) resting-state fMRI time-series and (ii) coactivation patterns derived meta-analytically from heterogenous sets of task data. We then sought to characterize the functional connectivity differences underpinning these gradients with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity, meta-analytic coactivation modeling and functional decoding analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on graded functional connectivity changes along 2 main organizational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior functional connectivity) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal functional connectivity), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into an overarching graded functional organization of the functional connectivity that explains its role in multiple cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Department of Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery & Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Rebecca L Jackson
- Department of Psychology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Binney
- Department of Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
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Jackson RL, Humphreys GF, Rice GE, Binney RJ, Lambon Ralph MA. A network-level test of the role of the co-activated default mode network in episodic recall and social cognition. Cortex 2023; 165:141-159. [PMID: 37285763 PMCID: PMC10284259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state network research is extremely influential, yet the functions of many networks remain unknown. In part, this is due to typical (e.g., univariate) analyses independently testing the function of individual regions and not examining the full set of regions that form a network whilst co-activated. Connectivity is dynamic and the function of a region may change based on its current connections. Therefore, determining the function of a network requires assessment at this network-level. Yet popular theories implicating the default mode network (DMN) in episodic memory and social cognition, rest principally upon analyses performed at the level of individual brain regions. Here we use independent component analysis to formally test the role of the DMN in episodic and social processing at the network level. As well as an episodic retrieval task, two independent datasets were employed to assess DMN function across the breadth of social cognition; a person knowledge judgement and a theory of mind task. Each task dataset was separated into networks of co-activated regions. In each, the co-activated DMN, was identified through comparison to an a priori template and its relation to the task model assessed. This co-activated DMN did not show greater activity in episodic or social tasks than high-level baseline conditions. Thus, no evidence was found to support hypotheses that the co-activated DMN is involved in explicit episodic or social tasks at a network-level. The networks associated with these processes are described. Implications for prior univariate findings and the functional significance of the co-activated DMN are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Jackson
- Department of Psychology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK; MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gina F Humphreys
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grace E Rice
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
concepts, like justice and friendship, are central features of our daily lives. Traditionally, abstract concepts are distinguished from other concepts in that they cannot be directly experienced through the senses. As such, they pose a challenge for strongly embodied models of semantic representation that assume a central role for sensorimotor information. There is growing recognition, however, that it is possible for meaning to be 'grounded' via cognitive systems, including those involved in processing language and emotion. In this article, we focus on the specific proposal that social significance is a key feature in the representation of some concepts. We begin by reviewing recent evidence in favour of this proposal from the fields of psycholinguistics and neuroimaging. We then discuss the limited extent to which there is consensus about the definition of 'socialness' and propose essential next steps for research in this domain. Taking one such step, we describe preliminary data from an unprecedented large-scale rating study that can help determine how socialness is distinct from other facets of word meaning. We provide a backdrop of contemporary theories regarding semantic representation and social cognition and highlight important predictions for both brain and behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Concepts in interaction: social engagement and inner experiences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny M. Pexman
- Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Veronica Diveica
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2AS, UK
| | - Richard J. Binney
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2AS, UK
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7
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Diveica V, Riedel MC, Salo T, Laird AR, Jackson RL, Binney RJ. Graded functional organisation in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.02.526818. [PMID: 36778322 PMCID: PMC9915604 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, including language, executive function and social cognition. However, its functional organisation, and how the specific areas implicated in these cognitive domains relate to each other, is unclear. Possibilities include that the LIFG underpins a domain-general function or, alternatively, that it is characterized by functional differentiation, which might occur in either a discrete or a graded pattern. The aim of the present study was to explore the topographical organisation of the LIFG using a bimodal data-driven approach. To this end, we extracted functional connectivity (FC) gradients from 1) the resting-state fMRI time-series of 150 participants (77 female), and 2) patterns of co-activation derived meta-analytically from task data across a diverse set of cognitive domains. We then sought to characterize the FC differences driving these gradients with seed-based resting-state FC and meta-analytic co-activation modelling analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on an FC profile that shifted in a graded fashion along two main organisational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior LIFG) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually-driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal LIFG), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into a graded functional organisation of the LIFG underpinning both task-free and task-constrained mental states, and suggest that the LIFG is an interface between distinct large-scale functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK
| | - Michael C. Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Jackson
- Department of Psychology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, UK
| | - Richard J. Binney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK
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Diveica V, Pexman PM, Binney RJ. Quantifying social semantics: An inclusive definition of socialness and ratings for 8388 English words. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:461-473. [PMID: 35286618 PMCID: PMC10027635 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that social experience plays an important role in the grounding of concepts, and socialness has been proffered as a fundamental organisational principle underpinning semantic representation in the human brain. However, the empirical support for these hypotheses is limited by inconsistencies in the way socialness has been defined and measured. To further advance theory, the field must establish a clearer working definition, and research efforts could be facilitated by the availability of an extensive set of socialness ratings for individual concepts. Therefore, in the current work, we employed a novel and inclusive definition to test the extent to which socialness is reliably perceived as a broad construct, and we report socialness norms for over 8000 English words, including nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Our inclusive socialness measure shows good reliability and validity, and our analyses suggest that the socialness ratings capture aspects of word meaning which are distinct to those measured by other pertinent semantic constructs, including concreteness and emotional valence. Finally, in a series of regression analyses, we show for the first time that the socialness of a word's meaning explains unique variance in participant performance on lexical tasks. Our dataset of socialness norms has considerable item overlap with those used in both other lexical/semantic norms and in available behavioural mega-studies. They can help target testable predictions about brain and behaviour derived from multiple representation theories and neurobiological accounts of social semantics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, UK.
| | - Penny M Pexman
- Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard J Binney
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, UK.
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Balgova E, Diveica V, Walbrin J, Binney RJ. The role of the ventrolateral anterior temporal lobes in social cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4589-4608. [PMID: 35716023 PMCID: PMC9491293 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge for neurobiological models of social cognition is to elucidate whether brain regions are specialised for that domain. In recent years, discussion surrounding the role of anterior temporal regions epitomises such debates; some argue the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is part of a domain‐specific network for social processing, while others claim it comprises a domain‐general hub for semantic representation. In the present study, we used ATL‐optimised fMRI to map the contribution of different ATL structures to a variety of paradigms frequently used to probe a crucial social ability, namely ‘theory of mind’ (ToM). Using multiple tasks enables a clearer attribution of activation to ToM as opposed to idiosyncratic features of stimuli. Further, we directly explored whether these same structures are also activated by a non‐social task probing semantic representations. We revealed that common to all of the tasks was activation of a key ventrolateral ATL region that is often invisible to standard fMRI. This constitutes novel evidence in support of the view that the ventrolateral ATL contributes to social cognition via a domain‐general role in semantic processing and against claims of a specialised social function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Balgova
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK
| | - Veronica Diveica
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK
| | - Jon Walbrin
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Richard J Binney
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK
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Bara I, Binney RJ, Ward R, Ramsey R. A generalised semantic cognition account of aesthetic experience. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108288. [PMID: 35690113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Given that aesthetic experiences typically involve extracting meaning from environment, we believe that semantic cognition research has much to offer the field of neuroaesthetics. In the current paper, we propose a generalised framework that is inspired by the semantic cognition literature and that treats aesthetic experience as just one example of how meaning accumulates. According to our framework, aesthetic experiences are underpinned by the same cognitive and brain systems that are involved in deriving meaning from the environment in general, such as modality-specific conceptual representations and controlled processes for retrieving the appropriate type of information. Our generalised semantic cognition view of aesthetic experience has substantial implications for theory development: it leads to novel, falsifiable predictions and it reconfigures foundational assumptions regarding the structure of the cognitive and brain systems that may be involved in aesthetic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Bara
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Binney
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ward
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ramsey
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Bara I, Binney RJ, Ramsey R. EXPRESS: Investigating the Role of Working Memory Resources across Aesthetic and Non-Aesthetic Judgments. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 76:1026-1044. [PMID: 35510887 PMCID: PMC10363947 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aesthetic judgments dominate much of daily life by guiding how we evaluate objects, people, and experiences in our environment. One key question that remains unanswered is the extent to which more specialised or largely general cognitive resources support aesthetic judgments. To investigate this question in the context of working memory, we examined the extent to which a working memory load produces similar or different response time interference on aesthetic compared to non-aesthetic judgments. Across three pre-registered experiments that used Bayesian multi-level modelling approaches (N>100 per experiment), we found clear evidence that a working memory load produces similar response time interference on aesthetic judgments relative to non-aesthetic (motion) judgments. We also showed that this similarity in processing across aesthetic versus non-aesthetic judgments holds across variations in the form of art (people vs landscape; Exps. 1-3), medium type (artwork vs photographs; Exp. 2) and load content (art images vs letters; Exps. 1-3). These findings suggest that across a range of experimental contexts, as well as different processing streams in working memory (e.g., visual vs verbal), aesthetic and motion judgments commonly rely on a domain-general cognitive system, rather than a system that is more specifically tied to aesthetic judgments. In doing so, these findings shine new light on the working memory resources that supports aesthetic judgments, as well as how domain-general cognitive systems operate more generally in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Bara
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom. 151667
| | - Richard J Binney
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom. 151667
| | - Richard Ramsey
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. 7788
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12
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Binney RJ, Ramsey R. Social Semantics: The role of conceptual knowledge and cognitive control in a neurobiological model of the social brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Borghesani V, Narvid J, Battistella G, Shwe W, Watson C, Binney RJ, Sturm V, Miller Z, Mandelli ML, Miller B, Gorno-Tempini ML. "Looks familiar, but I do not know who she is": The role of the anterior right temporal lobe in famous face recognition. Cortex 2019; 115:72-85. [PMID: 30772608 PMCID: PMC6759326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Processing a famous face involves a cascade of steps including detecting the presence of a face, recognizing it as familiar, accessing semantic/biographical information about the person, and finally, if required, production of the proper name. Decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have identified a network of occipital and temporal brain regions ostensibly comprising the 'core' system for face processing. Recent research has also begun to elucidate upon an 'extended' network, including anterior temporal and frontal regions. However, there is disagreement about which brain areas are involved in each step, as many aspects of face processing occur automatically in healthy individuals and rarely dissociate in patients. Moreover, some common phenomena are not easily induced in an experimental setting, such as having a sense of familiarity without being able to recall who the person is. Patients with the semantic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) often recognize a famous face as familiar, even when they cannot specifically recall the proper name or biographical details. In this study, we analyzed data from a large sample of 105 patients with neurodegenerative disorders, including 43 svPPA, to identify the neuroanatomical substrates of three different steps of famous face processing. Using voxel-based morphometry, we correlated whole-brain grey matter volumes with scores on three experimental tasks that targeted familiarity judgment, semantic/biographical information retrieval, and naming. Performance in naming and semantic association significantly correlates with grey matter volume in the left anterior temporal lobe, whereas familiarity judgment with integrity of the right anterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings shed light on the neuroanatomical substrates of key components of overt face processing, addressing issues of functional lateralization, and deepening our understanding of neural substrates of semantic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borghesani
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jared Narvid
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Virginia Sturm
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Rice GE, Hoffman P, Binney RJ, Lambon Ralph MA. Concrete versus abstract forms of social concept: an fMRI comparison of knowledge about people versus social terms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0136. [PMID: 29915004 PMCID: PMC6015823 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) play a key role in conceptual knowledge representation. The hub-and-spoke theory suggests that the contribution of the ATLs to semantic representation is (a) transmodal, i.e. integrating information from multiple sensorimotor and verbal modalities, and (b) pan-categorical, representing concepts from all categories. Another literature, however, suggests that this region's responses are modality- and category-selective; prominent examples include category selectivity for socially relevant concepts and face recognition. The predictions of each approach have never been directly compared. We used data from three studies to compare category-selective responses within the ATLs. Study 1 compared ATL responses to famous people versus another conceptual category (landmarks) from visual versus auditory inputs. Study 2 compared ATL responses to famous people from pictorial and written word inputs. Study 3 compared ATL responses to a different kind of socially relevant stimuli, namely abstract non-person-related words, in order to ascertain whether ATL subregions are engaged for social concepts more generally or only for person-related knowledge. Across all three studies a dominant bilateral ventral ATL cluster responded to all categories in all modalities. Anterior to this ‘pan-category’ transmodal region, a second cluster responded more weakly overall yet selectively for people, but did so equally for spoken names and faces (Study 1). A third region in the anterior superior temporal gyrus responded selectively to abstract socially relevant words (Study 3), but did not respond to concrete socially relevant words (i.e. written names; Study 2). These findings can be accommodated by the graded hub-and-spoke model of concept representation. On this view, the ventral ATL is the centre point of a bilateral ATL hub, which contributes to conceptual representation through transmodal distillation of information arising from multiple modality-specific association cortices. Partial specialization occurs across the graded ATL hub as a consequence of gradedly differential connectivity across the region. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rice
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Jung J, Visser M, Binney RJ, Lambon Ralph MA. Establishing the cognitive signature of human brain networks derived from structural and functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4023-4038. [PMID: 30120553 PMCID: PMC6267264 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies have identified various brain networks using task-free analyses. While these networks undoubtedly support higher cognition, their precise functional characteristics are rarely probed directly. The frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes contain the majority of the tertiary association cortex, which are key substrates for higher cognition including executive function, language, memory, and attention. Accordingly, we established the cognitive signature of a set of contrastive brain networks on the main tertiary association cortices, identified in two task-independent datasets. Using graph-theory analysis, we revealed multiple networks across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex, derived from structural and functional connectivity. The patterns of network activity were then investigated using three task-active fMRI datasets to generate the functional profiles of the identified networks. We employed representational dissimilarity analysis on these functional data to quantify and compare the representational characteristics of the networks. Our results demonstrated that the topology of the task-independent networks was strongly associated with the patterns of network activity in the task-active fMRI. Our findings establish a direct relationship between the brain networks identified from task-free datasets and higher cognitive functions including cognitive control, language, memory, visuospatial function, and perception. Not only does this study support the widely held view that higher cognitive functions are supported by widespread, distributed cortical networks, but also it elucidates a methodological approach for formally establishing their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeYoung Jung
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences (Zochonis Building), University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Maya Visser
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences (Zochonis Building), University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Grupo de Neuropslcología y NeuroLmagen Functional, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Richard J Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences (Zochonis Building), University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences (Zochonis Building), University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Binney RJ, Ashaie SA, Zuckerman BM, Hung J, Reilly J. Frontotemporal stimulation modulates semantically-guided visual search during confrontation naming: A combined tDCS and eye tracking investigation. Brain Lang 2018; 180-182:14-23. [PMID: 29655024 PMCID: PMC5990472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was paired with eye tracking to elucidate contributions of frontal, temporoparietal and anterior temporal cortex to early visual search patterns during picture naming (e.g., rapid visual scanning to diagnostic semantic features). Neurotypical adults named line drawings of objects prior to and following tDCS in three separate sessions, each employing a unique electrode montage. The gaze data revealed montage by stimulation (pre/post) interaction effects characterized by longer initial visual fixations (mean difference = 89 ms; Cohen's d = .8) and cumulative fixation durations (mean difference = 98 ms; Cohen's d = .9) on key semantic features (e.g., the head of an animal) after cathodal frontotemporal stimulation relative to the pre-stimulation baseline. We interpret these findings as reflecting a tDCS-induced modulation of semantic contributions of the anterior temporal lobe(s) to top-down influences on object recognition. Further, we discuss implications for the optimization of tDCS for the treatment of anomia in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sameer A Ashaie
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie M Zuckerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyi Hung
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Reilly
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Binney RJ, Zuckerman BM, Waller HN, Hung J, Ashaie SA, Reilly J. Cathodal tDCS of the bilateral anterior temporal lobes facilitates semantically-driven verbal fluency. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:62-71. [PMID: 29337133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In a verbal fluency task, a person is required to produce as many exemplars of a given category (e.g., 'animals', or words starting with 'f') as possible within a fixed duration. Successful verbal fluency performance relies both on the depth of search within semantic/phonological neighborhoods ('clustering') and the ability to flexibly disengage between exhausted clusters ('switching'). Convergent evidence from functional imaging and neuropsychology suggests that cluster-switch behaviors engage dissociable brain regions. Switching has been linked to a frontoparietal network dedicated to executive functioning and controlled lexical retrieval, whereas clustering is more commonly associated with temporal lobe regions dedicated to semantic and phonological processing. Here we attempted to modulate cluster-switch dynamics among neurotypical adults (N = 24) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered at three sites: a) anterior temporal cortex; b) frontal cortex; and c) temporoparietal cortex. Participants completed letter-guided and semantic category verbal fluency tasks pre/post stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of anterior temporal cortex facilitated the total number of words generated and the number of words generated within clusters during semantic category verbal fluency. These neuromodulatory effects were specific to stimulation of the one anatomical site. Our findings highlight the role of the anterior temporal lobes in representing semantic category structure and support the claim that clustering and switching behaviors have distinct substrates. We discuss implications both for theory and application to neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie M Zuckerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilary N Waller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyi Hung
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sameer A Ashaie
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jamie Reilly
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Brown JA, Hua AY, Trujillo A, Attygalle S, Binney RJ, Spina S, Lee SE, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Boxer AL, Seeley WW. Advancing functional dysconnectivity and atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 16:564-574. [PMID: 28951832 PMCID: PMC5605489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSP-S) results from neurodegeneration within a network of brainstem, subcortical, frontal and parietal cortical brain regions. It is unclear how network dysfunction progresses and relates to longitudinal atrophy and clinical decline. In this study, we evaluated patients with PSP-S (n = 12) and healthy control subjects (n = 20) at baseline and 6 months later. Subjects underwent structural MRI and task-free functional MRI (tf-fMRI) scans and clinical evaluations at both time points. At baseline, voxel based morphometry (VBM) revealed that patients with mild-to-moderate clinical symptoms showed structural atrophy in subcortex and brainstem, prefrontal cortex (PFC; supplementary motor area, paracingulate, dorsal and ventral medial PFC), and parietal cortex (precuneus). Tf-fMRI functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a rostral midbrain tegmentum (rMT)-anchored intrinsic connectivity network that is compromised in PSP-S. In healthy controls, this network contained a medial parietal module, a prefrontal-paralimbic module, and a subcortical-brainstem module. Baseline FC deficits in PSP-S were most severe in rMT network integrative hubs in the prefrontal-paralimbic and subcortical-brainstem modules. Longitudinally, patients with PSP-S had declining intermodular FC between the subcortical-brainstem and parietal modules, while progressive atrophy was observed in subcortical-brainstem regions (midbrain, pallidum) and posterior frontal (perirolandic) cortex. This suggested that later-stage subcortical-posterior cortical change may follow an earlier-stage subcortical-anterior cortical disease process. Clinically, patients with more severe baseline impairment showed greater subsequent prefrontal-parietal cortical FC declines and posterior frontal atrophy rates, while patients with more rapid longitudinal clinical decline showed coupled prefrontal-paralimbic FC decline. VBM and FC can augment disease monitoring in PSP-S by tracking the disease through stages while detecting changes that accompany heterogeneous clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Brown
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Y. Hua
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Trujillo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J. Binney
- Temple University, Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E. Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Santos-Santos MA, Mandelli ML, Binney RJ, Ogar J, Wilson SM, Henry ML, Hubbard HI, Meese M, Attygalle S, Rosenberg L, Pakvasa M, Trojanowski JQ, Grinberg LT, Rosen H, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Gorno-Tempini ML. Features of Patients With Nonfluent/Agrammatic Primary Progressive Aphasia With Underlying Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Pathology or Corticobasal Degeneration. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:733-42. [PMID: 27111692 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We provide novel evidence of specific clinical and neuroimaging features that may help for the in vivo prediction of underlying pathology in patients with nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or corticobasal degeneration (CBD) proved by autopsy. OBJECTIVE To characterize the neurological, cognitive, and neuroimaging features of patients with nfvPPA-in whom either PSP or CBD was eventually confirmed at autopsy-at initial presentation and at 1-year follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective longitudinal clinical-pathological study was conducted in a tertiary research clinic that specialized in cognitive disorders. Fourteen patients were evaluated between January 2002 and December 2014. Inclusion criteria for the study were a clinical diagnosis of nfvPPA; the availability of speech, language, and cognitive testing for at least 1 evaluation; magnetic resonance imaging within 6 months of initial evaluation; and a postmortem pathological diagnosis of PSP or CBD. Ten matched healthy control participants were also included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging longitudinal data were analyzed to characterize the whole nfvPPA-4-repeat-tau group and identify differences between nfvPPA-PSP and nfvPPA-CBD both at presentation and longitudinally. RESULTS Patient groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, or handedness (nfvPPA-PSP group: median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, 74 [67-76] years; 1 of 5 male [20%]; 1 of 5 left-handed [20%]; and nfvPPA-CBD group: mean [IQR] age, 65 [54-81] years; 3 of 9 male [33%]; 0 left-handed). Motor speech impairment and left frontal white matter atrophy were the most prominent common features. At presentation, dysarthria (Motor Speech Examination median [IQR] score: nfvPPA-PSP, 4 [2-7]; nfvPPA-CBD, 0 [0-4]; P = .02), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale median [IQR] score: nfvPPA-PSP, 19 [3-28]; nfvPPA-CBD, 4 [0-16]; P = .04), and relatively selective white matter atrophy were typical of the nfvPPA-PSP group, while greater gray matter atrophy and a trend toward greater sentence comprehension deficits (median [IQR] sentence comprehension correct: nfvPPA-PSP, 98% [80-100]; nfvPPA-CBD, 81% [65-98]; P = .08) were found in the nfvPPA-CBD group. At follow-up after 1 year, we observed no significant differences in any speech or language measures. Furthermore, atrophy in patients with PSP progressed within the subcortical/brainstem motor system generating greater oculomotors deficits and swallowing difficulty; atrophy in patients with CBD spread anteriorly in prefrontal regions consistent with their greater working memory impairment and development of behavioral symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In patients presenting with nfvPPA, presence of early severe dysarthria, relatively selective white matter atrophy at presentation, and a greater rate of change in the brainstem measured by longitudinal imaging may be useful for differentiating underlying PSP from CBD pathology during life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Richard J Binney
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Ogar
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Maya L Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin
| | - H Isabel Hubbard
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Minerva Meese
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lynne Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco6Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Howie Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco6Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco
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Binney RJ, Pankov A, Marx G, He X, McKenna F, Staffaroni AM, Kornak J, Attygalle S, Boxer AL, Schuff N, Gorno‐Tempini M, Weiner MW, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Rosen HJ. Data-driven regions of interest for longitudinal change in three variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00675. [PMID: 28413716 PMCID: PMC5390848 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Longitudinal imaging of neurodegenerative disorders is a potentially powerful biomarker for use in clinical trials. In Alzheimer's disease, studies have demonstrated that empirically derived regions of interest (ROIs) can provide more reliable measurement of disease progression compared with anatomically defined ROIs. METHODS We set out to derive ROIs with optimal effect size for quantifying longitudinal change in a hypothetical clinical trial by comparing atrophy rates in 44 patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 30 with the semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and 26 with the nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA) to atrophy in 97 cognitively healthy controls. RESULTS The regions identified for each variant were generally what would be expected from prior studies of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Sample size estimates for detecting a 40% reduction in annual rate of ROI atrophy varied substantially across groups, being 103 per arm in bvFTD, 31 in nfvPPA, and 10 in svPPA, but in all groups were less than those estimated for a priori ROIs and clinical measures. The variability in location of peak regions of atrophy across individuals was highest in bvFTD and lowest in svPPA, likely relating to the differences in effect size. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, while cross-validated maps of change can improve sensitivity to change in FTLD compared with a priori regions, the reliability of these maps differs considerably across syndromes. Future studies can utilize these maps to design clinical trials, and should try to identify factors accounting for the variability in patterns of atrophy across individuals, particularly those with bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Binney
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Aleksandr Pankov
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Gabriel Marx
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Xuanzie He
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Faye McKenna
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - John Kornak
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Norbert Schuff
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Maria‐Luisa Gorno‐Tempini
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Dutt S, Binney RJ, Heuer HW, Luong P, Attygalle S, Bhatt P, Marx GA, Elofson J, Tartaglia MC, Litvan I, McGinnis SM, Dickerson BC, Kornak J, Waltzman D, Voltarelli L, Schuff N, Rabinovici GD, Kramer JH, Jack CR, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Boxer AL. Progression of brain atrophy in PSP and CBS over 6 months and 1 year. Neurology 2016; 87:2016-2025. [PMID: 27742814 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the utility and reliability of volumetric MRI in measuring disease progression in the 4 repeat tauopathies, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), to support clinical development of new tau-directed therapeutic agents. METHODS Six- and 12-month changes in regional MRI volumes and PSP Rating Scale scores were examined in 55 patients with PSP and 33 patients with CBS (78% amyloid PET negative) compared to 30 normal controls from a multicenter natural history study. Longitudinal voxel-based morphometric analyses identified patterns of volume loss, and region-of-interest analyses examined rates of volume loss in brainstem (midbrain, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle), cortical, and subcortical regions based on previously validated atlases. Results were compared to those in a replication cohort of 226 patients with PSP with MRI data from the AL-108-231 clinical trial. RESULTS Patients with CBS exhibited greater baseline atrophy and greater longitudinal atrophy rates in cortical and basal ganglia regions than patients with PSP; however, midbrain and pontine atrophy rates were similar. Voxel-wise analyses showed distinct patterns of regional longitudinal atrophy in each group as compared to normal controls. The midbrain/pons volumetric ratio differed between diagnoses but remained stable over time. In both patient groups, brainstem atrophy rates were correlated with disease progression measured using the PSP Rating Scale. CONCLUSIONS Volume loss is quantifiable over a period of 6 months in CBS and PSP. Future clinical trials may be able to combine CBS and PSP to measure therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubir Dutt
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Richard J Binney
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hilary W Heuer
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Phi Luong
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Priyanka Bhatt
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gabe A Marx
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jonathan Elofson
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Scott M McGinnis
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John Kornak
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Dana Waltzman
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lisa Voltarelli
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Norbert Schuff
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology (S.D., R.J.B., H.W.H., P.L., S.A., P.B., G.A.M., J.E., D.W., L.V., G.D.R., J.H.K., B.L.M., H.J.R., A.L.B.), University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders (R.J.B.), Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosciences (I.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Gerontology Research Unit (S.M.M., B.C.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (J.K.) and Radiology (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Binney RJ, Hoffman P, Lambon Ralph MA. Mapping the Multiple Graded Contributions of the Anterior Temporal Lobe Representational Hub to Abstract and Social Concepts: Evidence from Distortion-corrected fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:4227-4241. [PMID: 27600844 PMCID: PMC5066834 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of recent convergent evidence indicates that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has connectivity-derived graded differences in semantic function: the ventrolateral region appears to be the transmodal, omni-category center-point of the hub whilst secondary contributions come from the peripheries of the hub in a manner that reflects their differential connectivity to different input/output modalities. One of the key challenges for this neurocognitive theory is how different types of concept, especially those with less reliance upon external sensory experience (such as abstract and social concepts), are coded across the graded ATL hub. We were able to answer this key question by using distortion-corrected fMRI to detect functional activations across the entire ATL region and thus to map the neural basis of social and psycholinguistically-matched abstract concepts. Both types of concept engaged a core left-hemisphere semantic network, including the ventrolateral ATL, prefrontal regions and posterior MTG. Additionally, we replicated previous findings of weaker differential activation of the superior and polar ATL for the processing of social stimuli, in addition to the stronger, omni-category activation observed in the vATL. These results are compatible with the view of the ATL as a graded transmodal substrate for the representation of coherent concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
- Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
- Center for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
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23
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Jung J, Cloutman LL, Binney RJ, Lambon Ralph MA. The structural connectivity of higher order association cortices reflects human functional brain networks. Cortex 2016; 97:221-239. [PMID: 27692846 PMCID: PMC5726605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human higher cognition arises from the main tertiary association cortices including the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Many studies have suggested that cortical functions must be shaped or emerge from the pattern of underlying physical (white matter) connectivity. Despite the importance of this hypothesis, there has not been a large-scale analysis of the white-matter connectivity within and between these associative cortices. Thus, we explored the pattern of intra- and inter-lobe white matter connectivity between multiple areas defined in each lobe. We defined 43 regions of interest on the lateral associative cortex cytoarchitectonically (6 regions of interest – ROIs in the frontal lobe and 17 ROIs in the parietal lobe) and anatomically (20 ROIs in the temporal lobe) on individuals' native space. The results demonstrated that intra-region connectivity for all 3 lobes was dense and graded generally. In contrary, the inter-lobe connectivity was relatively discrete and regionally specific such that only small sub-regions exhibited long-range connections to another lobe. The long-range connectivity was mediated by 6 major associative white matter tracts, consistent with the notion that these higher cognitive functions arises from brain-wide distributed connectivity. Using graph-theory network analysis we revealed five physically-connected sub-networks, which correspond directly to five known functional networks. This study provides strong and direct evidence that core functional brain networks mirror the brain's structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeYoung Jung
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Lauren L Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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24
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Mandelli ML, Vilaplana E, Brown JA, Hubbard HI, Binney RJ, Attygalle S, Santos-Santos MA, Miller ZA, Pakvasa M, Henry ML, Rosen HJ, Henry RG, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Gorno-Tempini ML. Healthy brain connectivity predicts atrophy progression in non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2016; 139:2778-2791. [PMID: 27497488 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration has been hypothesized to follow predetermined large-scale networks through the trans-synaptic spread of toxic proteins from a syndrome-specific epicentre. To date, no longitudinal neuroimaging study has tested this hypothesis in vivo in frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that longitudinal progression of atrophy in non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia spreads over time from a syndrome-specific epicentre to additional regions, based on their connectivity to the epicentre in healthy control subjects. The syndrome-specific epicentre of the non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia was derived in a group of 10 mildly affected patients (clinical dementia rating equal to 0) using voxel-based morphometry. From this region, the inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), we derived functional and structural connectivity maps in healthy controls (n = 30) using functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and diffusion-weighted imaging tractography. Graph theory analysis was applied to derive functional network features. Atrophy progression was calculated using voxel-based morphometry longitudinal analysis on 34 non-fluent/agrammatic patients. Correlation analyses were performed to compare volume changes in patients with connectivity measures of the healthy functional and structural speech/language network. The default mode network was used as a control network. From the epicentre, the healthy functional connectivity network included the left supplementary motor area and the prefrontal, inferior parietal and temporal regions, which were connected through the aslant, superior longitudinal and arcuate fasciculi. Longitudinal grey and white matter changes were found in the left language-related regions and in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity strength in the healthy speech/language network, but not in the default network, correlated with longitudinal grey matter changes in the non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Graph theoretical analysis of the speech/language network showed that regions with shorter functional paths to the epicentre exhibited greater longitudinal atrophy. The network contained three modules, including a left inferior frontal gyrus/supplementary motor area, which was most strongly connected with the epicentre. The aslant tract was the white matter pathway connecting these two regions and showed the most significant correlation between fractional anisotropy and white matter longitudinal atrophy changes. This study showed that the pattern of longitudinal atrophy progression in the non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia relates to the strength of connectivity in pre-determined functional and structural large-scale speech production networks. These findings support the hypothesis that the spread of neurodegeneration occurs by following specific anatomical and functional neuronal network architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mandelli
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eduard Vilaplana
- 2 Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain 3 Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas - CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Jesse A Brown
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H Isabel Hubbard
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Binney
- 4 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miguel A Santos-Santos
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya L Henry
- 5 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roland G Henry
- 6 Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA 7 Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, USA 8 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- 1 Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA 9 Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Reilly J, Garcia A, Binney RJ. Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual form? An fMRI investigation of modality-specific semantic access. Brain Lang 2016; 159:45-59. [PMID: 27289210 PMCID: PMC5155332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Much remains to be learned about the neural architecture underlying word meaning. Fully distributed models of semantic memory predict that the sound of a barking dog will conjointly engage a network of distributed sensorimotor spokes. An alternative framework holds that modality-specific features additionally converge within transmodal hubs. Participants underwent functional MRI while covertly naming familiar objects versus newly learned novel objects from only one of their constituent semantic features (visual form, characteristic sound, or point-light motion representation). Relative to the novel object baseline, familiar concepts elicited greater activation within association regions specific to the presentation modality. Furthermore, visual form elicited activation within high-level auditory association cortex. Conversely, environmental sounds elicited activation in regions proximal to visual association cortex. Both conditions commonly engaged a putative hub region within lateral anterior temporal cortex. These results support hybrid semantic models in which local hubs and distributed spokes are dually engaged in service of semantic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Reilly
- Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Amanda Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard J Binney
- Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Binney RJ, Ralph MAL. Using a combination of fMRI and anterior temporal lobe rTMS to measure intrinsic and induced activation changes across the semantic cognition network. Neuropsychologia 2015; 76:170-81. [PMID: 25448851 PMCID: PMC4582802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
By developing and applying a method which combines fMRI and rTMS to explore semantic cognition, we identified both intrinsic (related to automatic changes in task/stimulus-related processing) and induced (i.e., associated with the effect of TMS) activation changes in the core, functionally-coupled network elements. Low-frequency rTMS applied to the human anterior temporal lobe (ATL) induced: (a) a local suppression at the site of stimulation; (b) remote suppression in three other ipsilateral semantic regions; and (c) a compensatory up-regulation in the contralateral ATL. Further examination of activity over time revealed that the compensatory changes appear to be a modulation of intrinsic variations that occur within the unperturbed network. As well as providing insights into the dynamic collaboration between core regions, the ability to observe intrinsic and induced changes in vivo may provide an important opportunity to understand the key mechanisms that underpin recovery of function in neurological patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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27
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Pankov A, Binney RJ, Staffaroni AM, Kornak J, Attygalle S, Schuff N, Weiner MW, Kramer JH, Dickerson BC, Miller BL, Rosen HJ. Data-driven regions of interest for longitudinal change in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 12:332-40. [PMID: 27547726 PMCID: PMC4983147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current research is investigating the potential utility of longitudinal measurement of brain structure as a marker of drug effect in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown that measurement of change in empirically derived regions of interest (ROIs) allows more reliable measurement of change over time compared with regions chosen a-priori based on known effects of AD on brain anatomy. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder for which there are no approved treatments. The goal of this study was to identify an empirical ROI that maximizes the effect size for the annual rate of brain atrophy in FTLD compared with healthy age matched controls, and to estimate the effect size and associated power estimates for a theoretical study that would use change within this ROI as an outcome measure. Eighty six patients with FTLD were studied, including 43 who were imaged twice at 1.5 T and 43 at 3 T, along with 105 controls (37 imaged at 1.5 T and 67 at 3 T). Empirically-derived maps of change were generated separately for each field strength and included the bilateral insula, dorsolateral, medial and orbital frontal, basal ganglia and lateral and inferior temporal regions. The extent of regions included in the 3 T map was larger than that in the 1.5 T map. At both field strengths, the effect sizes for imaging were larger than for any clinical measures. At 3 T, the effect size for longitudinal change measured within the empirically derived ROI was larger than the effect sizes derived from frontal lobe, temporal lobe or whole brain ROIs. The effect size derived from the data-driven 1.5 T map was smaller than at 3 T, and was not larger than the effect size derived from a-priori ROIs. It was estimated that measurement of longitudinal change using 1.5 T MR systems requires approximately a 3-fold increase in sample size to obtain effect sizes equivalent to those seen at 3 T. While the results should be confirmed in additional datasets, these results indicate that empirically derived ROIs can reduce the number of subjects needed for a longitudinal study of drug effects in FTLD compared with a-priori ROIs. Field strength may have a significant impact on the utility of imaging for measuring longitudinal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Pankov
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Binney
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kornak
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suneth Attygalle
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Schuff
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Hoffman P, Binney RJ, Lambon Ralph MA. Differing contributions of inferior prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex to concrete and abstract conceptual knowledge. Cortex 2015; 63:250-66. [PMID: 25303272 PMCID: PMC4317194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Semantic cognition is underpinned by regions involved in representing conceptual knowledge and executive control areas that provide regulation of this information according to current task requirements. Using distortion-corrected fMRI, we investigated the contributions of these two systems to abstract and concrete word comprehension. We contrasted semantic decisions made either with coherent contextual support, which encouraged retrieval of a rich conceptual representation, or with irrelevant contextual information, which instead maximised demands on control processes. Inferior prefrontal cortex was activated more when decisions were made in the presence of irrelevant context, suggesting that this region is crucial for the semantic control functions required to select appropriate aspects of meaning in the face of competing information. It also exhibited greater activation for abstract words, which reflects the fact that abstract words tend to have variable, context-dependent meanings that place higher demands on control processes. In contrast, anterior temporal regions (ATL) were most active when decisions were made with the benefit of a coherent context, suggesting a representational role. There was a graded shift in concreteness effects in this region, with dorsolateral areas particularly active for abstract words and ventromedial areas preferentially activated by concrete words. This supports the idea that concrete concepts are closely associated with visual experience and abstract concepts with auditory-verbal information; and that sub-regions of the ATL display graded specialisation for these two types of knowledge. Between these two extremes, we identified significant activations for both word types in ventrolateral ATL. This area is known to be involved in representing knowledge for concrete concepts; here we established that it is also activated by abstract concepts. These results converge with data from rTMS and neuropsychological investigations in demonstrating that representational content and task demands influence recruitment of different areas in the semantic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoffman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Richard J Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), University of Manchester, UK; Eleanor M. Saffran Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Robson H, Zahn R, Keidel JL, Binney RJ, Sage K, Lambon Ralph MA. The anterior temporal lobes support residual comprehension in Wernicke's aphasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:931-43. [PMID: 24519979 PMCID: PMC3927705 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Robson et al. use fMRI to investigate preserved written word and picture comprehension in Wernicke’s aphasia (impaired verbal comprehension following left temporoparietal damage). Bilaterally enhanced activation in the ventral and anterior temporal lobes as patients semantically process visually presented material emphasizes the importance of these regions for multimodal comprehension. Wernicke’s aphasia occurs after a stroke to classical language comprehension regions in the left temporoparietal cortex. Consequently, auditory–verbal comprehension is significantly impaired in Wernicke’s aphasia but the capacity to comprehend visually presented materials (written words and pictures) is partially spared. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of written word and picture semantic processing in Wernicke’s aphasia, with the wider aim of examining how the semantic system is altered after damage to the classical comprehension regions. Twelve participants with chronic Wernicke’s aphasia and 12 control participants performed semantic animate–inanimate judgements and a visual height judgement baseline task. Whole brain and region of interest analysis in Wernicke’s aphasia and control participants found that semantic judgements were underpinned by activation in the ventral and anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. The Wernicke’s aphasia group displayed an ‘over-activation’ in comparison with control participants, indicating that anterior temporal lobe regions become increasingly influential following reduction in posterior semantic resources. Semantic processing of written words in Wernicke’s aphasia was additionally supported by recruitment of the right anterior superior temporal lobe, a region previously associated with recovery from auditory-verbal comprehension impairments. Overall, the results provide support for models in which the anterior temporal lobes are crucial for multimodal semantic processing and that these regions may be accessed without support from classic posterior comprehension regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Robson
- 1 Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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30
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Cloutman LL, Binney RJ, Morris DM, Parker GJM, Lambon Ralph MA. Using in vivo probabilistic tractography to reveal two segregated dorsal 'language-cognitive' pathways in the human brain. Brain Lang 2013; 127:230-40. [PMID: 23937853 PMCID: PMC3842500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Primate studies have recently identified the dorsal stream as constituting multiple dissociable pathways associated with a range of specialized cognitive functions. To elucidate the nature and number of dorsal pathways in the human brain, the current study utilized in vivo probabilistic tractography to map the structural connectivity associated with subdivisions of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). The left SMG is a prominent region within the dorsal stream, which has recently been parcellated into five structurally-distinct regions which possess a dorsal-ventral (and rostral-caudal) organisation, postulated to reflect areas of functional specialisation. The connectivity patterns reveal a dissociation of the arcuate fasciculus into at least two segregated pathways connecting frontal-parietal-temporal regions. Specifically, the connectivity of the inferior SMG, implicated as an acoustic-motor speech interface, is carried by an inner/ventro-dorsal arc of fibres, whilst the pathways of the posterior superior SMG, implicated in object use and cognitive control, forms a parallel outer/dorso-dorsal crescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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31
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Binney RJ, Parker GJM, Lambon Ralph MA. Convergent connectivity and graded specialization in the rostral human temporal lobe as revealed by diffusion-weighted imaging probabilistic tractography. J Cogn Neurosci 2012; 24:1998-2014. [PMID: 22721379 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multiple independent neuroscience investigations have implicated critical roles for the rostral temporal lobe in auditory and visual perception, language, and semantic memory. Although arising in the context of different cognitive functions, most of these suggest that there is a gradual convergence of sensory information in the temporal lobe that culminates in modality- and perceptually invariant representations at the most rostral aspect. Currently, however, too little is known regarding connectivity within the human temporal lobe to be sure of exactly how and where convergence occurs; existing hypotheses are primarily derived on the basis of cross-species generalizations from invasive nonhuman primate studies, the validity of which is unclear, especially where language function is concerned. In this study, we map the connectivity of the human rostral temporal lobe in vivo for the first time using diffusion-weighted imaging probabilistic tractography. The results indicate that convergence of sensory information in the temporal lobe is in fact a graded process that occurs along both its longitudinal and lateral axes and culminates in the most rostral limits. We highlight the consistency of our results with those of prior functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, and patient studies. By going beyond simple fasciculus reconstruction, we systematically explored the connectivity of specific temporal lobe areas to frontal and parietal language regions. In contrast to the graded within-temporal lobe connectivity, this intertemporal connectivity was found to dissociate across caudal, mid, and rostral subregions. Furthermore, we identified a basal rostral temporal region with very limited connectivity to areas outside the temporal lobe, which aligns with recent evidence that this subregion underpins the extraction of modality- and context-invariant semantic representations.
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32
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Cloutman LL, Binney RJ, Drakesmith M, Parker GJM, Lambon Ralph MA. The variation of function across the human insula mirrors its patterns of structural connectivity: evidence from in vivo probabilistic tractography. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3514-21. [PMID: 22100771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human insula is a functionally complex yet poorly understood region of the cortex, implicated in a wide range of cognitive, motor, emotion and somatosensory activity. To elucidate the functional role of the insula, the current study used in vivo probabilistic tractography to map the structural connectivity of seven anatomically-defined insular subregions. The connectivity patterns identified reveal two complementary insular networks connected via a dual route architecture, and provide key insights about the neural basis of the numerous functions ascribed to this area. Specifically, anterior-most insular regions were associated with a ventrally-based network involving orbital/inferior frontal and anterior/polar temporal regions, forming part of a key emotional salience and cognitive control network associated with the implementation of goal-directed behavior. The posterior and dorsal-middle insular regions were associated with a network focused on posterior and (to a lesser extent) anterior temporal regions via both dorsal and ventral pathways. This is consistent with the involvement of the insula in sound-to-speech transformations, with an implicated role in the temporal resolution, sequencing, and feedback processes crucial for auditory and motor processing, and the monitoring and adjustment of expressive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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33
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Binney RJ, Embleton KV, Jefferies E, Parker GJM, Ralph MAL. The Ventral and Inferolateral Aspects of the Anterior Temporal Lobe Are Crucial in Semantic Memory: Evidence from a Novel Direct Comparison of Distortion-Corrected fMRI, rTMS, and Semantic Dementia. Cereb Cortex 2010; 20:2728-38. [PMID: 20190005 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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