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Baena D, Toor B, van den Berg NH, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Spindle-slow wave coupling and problem-solving skills: impact of age. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae072. [PMID: 38477166 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined how aging affects the role of sleep in the consolidation of newly learned cognitive strategies. Forty healthy young adults (20-35 years) and 30 healthy older adults (60-85 years) were included. Participants were trained on the Tower of Hanoi (ToH) task, then, half of each age group were assigned to either the 90-minute nap condition, or stayed awake, before retesting. The temporal co-occurrence between slow waves (SW) and sleep spindles (SP) during non-rapid eye movement sleep was examined as a function of age in relation to memory consolidation of problem-solving skills. We found that despite intact learning, older adults derived a reduced benefit of sleep for problem-solving skills relative to younger adults. As expected, the percentage of coupled spindles was lower in older compared to younger individuals from control to testing sessions. Furthermore, coupled spindles in young adults were more strongly coupled to the SW upstate compared to older individuals. Coupled spindles in older individuals were lower in amplitude (mean area under the curve; μV) compared to the young group. Lastly, there was a significant relationship between offline gains in accuracy on the ToH and percent change of spindles coupled to the upstate of the slow wave in older, but not younger adults. Multiple regression revealed that age accounted for differences in offline gains in accuracy, as did spindle coupling during the upstate. These results suggest that with aging, spindle-slow wave coupling decreases. However, the degree of the preservation of coupling with age correlates with the extent of problem-solving skill consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baena
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Sleep Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Balmeet Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Sleep Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Maaravi-Hesseg R, Cohen S, Karni A. Sequence-specific delayed gains in motor fluency evolve after movement observation training in the absence of early sleep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4024. [PMID: 38369529 PMCID: PMC10874966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Following physical practice, delayed, consolidation-phase, gains in the performance of the trained finger-to-thumb opposition sequence (FOS) can be expressed, in young adults, only after a sleep interval is afforded. These delayed gains are order-of-movements specific. However, in several perceptual learning tasks, time post-learning, rather than an interval of sleep, may suffice for the expression of delayed performance gains. Here we tested whether the affordance of a sleep interval is necessary for the expression of delayed performance gains after FOS training by repeated observation. Participants were trained by observing videos displaying a left hand repeatedly performing a 5-element FOS. To assess post-session observation-related learning and delayed gains participants were tested in performing the observed (trained) and an unobserved (new, the 5-elements mirror-reversed) FOS sequences. Repeated observation of a FOS conferred no advantage to its performance, compared to the unobserved FOS, immediately after practice. However, a clear advantage for the observed FOS emerged by 12 h post-training, irrespective of whether this interval included sleep or not; the largest gains appeared by 24 h post-training. These results indicate that time-dependent, offline consolidation processes take place after observation training even in the absence of sleep; akin to perceptual learning rather than physical FOS practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinatia Maaravi-Hesseg
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, IL, Israel.
- E. J. Safra Brain Research Centre for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, IL, Israel.
| | - Sigal Cohen
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, IL, Israel
| | - Avi Karni
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, IL, Israel
- E. J. Safra Brain Research Centre for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, IL, Israel
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3
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Taylor EM, Cadwallader CJ, Curtin D, Chong TTJ, Hendrikse JJ, Coxon JP. High-intensity acute exercise impacts motor learning in healthy older adults. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38368455 PMCID: PMC10874400 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with changes in motor sequence learning, with some studies indicating decline in motor skill learning in older age. Acute cardiorespiratory exercise has emerged as a potential intervention to improve motor learning, however research in healthy older adults is limited. The current study investigated the impact of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT) on a subsequent sequential motor learning task. Twenty-four older adults (aged 55-75 years) completed either 20-minutes of cycling, or an equivalent period of active rest before practicing a sequential force grip task. Skill learning was assessed during acquisition and at a 6-hour retention test. In contrast to expectation, exercise was associated with reduced accuracy during skill acquisition compared to rest, particularly for the oldest participants. However, improvements in motor skill were retained in the exercise condition, while a reduction in skill was observed following rest. Our findings indicate that high-intensity exercise conducted immediately prior to learning a novel motor skill may have a negative impact on motor performance during learning in older adults. We also demonstrated that exercise may facilitate early offline consolidation of a motor skill within this population, which has implications for motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Taylor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Claire J Cadwallader
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dylan Curtin
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Joshua J Hendrikse
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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4
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Kumral D, Matzerath A, Leonhart R, Schönauer M. Spindle-dependent memory consolidation in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108661. [PMID: 37597610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a central role for sleep spindles in the consolidation of new memories. However, no meta-analysis of the association between sleep spindles and memory performance has been conducted so far. Here, we report meta-analytical evidence for spindle-memory associations and investigate how multiple factors, including memory type, spindle type, spindle characteristics, and EEG topography affect this relationship. The literature search yielded 53 studies reporting 1427 effect sizes, resulting in a small to moderate effect for the average association. We further found that spindle-memory associations were significantly stronger for procedural memory than for declarative memory. Neither spindle types nor EEG scalp topography had an impact on the strength of the spindle-memory relation, but we observed a distinct functional role of global and fast sleep spindles, especially for procedural memory. We also found a moderation effect of spindle characteristics, with power showing the largest effect sizes. Collectively, our findings suggest that sleep spindles are involved in learning, thereby representing a general physiological mechanism for memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kumral
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alina Matzerath
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology and Methodology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
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5
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Conessa A, Debarnot U, Siegler I, Boutin A. Sleep-related motor skill consolidation and generalizability after physical practice, motor imagery, and action observation. iScience 2023; 26:107314. [PMID: 37520714 PMCID: PMC10374463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits the consolidation of motor skills learned by physical practice, mainly through periodic thalamocortical sleep spindle activity. However, motor skills can be learned without overt movement through motor imagery or action observation. Here, we investigated whether sleep spindle activity also supports the consolidation of non-physically learned movements. Forty-five electroencephalographic sleep recordings were collected during a daytime nap after motor sequence learning by physical practice, motor imagery, or action observation. Our findings reveal that a temporal cluster-based organization of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation in all groups, albeit with distinct behavioral outcomes. A daytime nap offers an early sleep window promoting the retention of motor skills learned by physical practice and motor imagery, and its generalizability toward the inter-manual transfer of skill after action observation. Findings may further have practical impacts with the development of non-physical rehabilitation interventions for patients having to remaster skills following peripherical or brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Conessa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- University Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA7424, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Siegler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
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Lv X, Funahashi S, Li C, Wu J. Variational relevance evaluation of individual fMRI data enables deconstruction of task-dependent neural dynamics. Commun Biol 2023; 6:491. [PMID: 37147471 PMCID: PMC10163018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuroimaging research, univariate analysis has always been used to localize "representations" at the microscale, whereas network approaches have been applied to characterize transregional "operations". How are representations and operations linked through dynamic interactions? We developed the variational relevance evaluation (VRE) method to analyze individual task fMRI data, which selects informative voxels during model training to localize the "representation", and quantifies the dynamic contributions of single voxels across the whole-brain to different cognitive functions to characterize the "operation". Using 15 individual fMRI data files for higher visual area localizers, we evaluated the characterization of selected voxel positions of VRE and revealed different object-selective regions functioning in similar dynamics. Using another 15 individual fMRI data files for memory retrieval after offline learning, we found similar task-related regions working in different neural dynamics for tasks with diverse familiarities. VRE demonstrates a promising horizon in individual fMRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lv
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Researh Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Benarroch E. What Is the Involvement of the Cerebellum During Sleep? Neurology 2023; 100:572-577. [PMID: 36941065 PMCID: PMC10033165 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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8
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van den Berg NH, Smith D, Fang Z, Pozzobon A, Toor B, Al-Kuwatli J, Ray L, Fogel SM. Sleep strengthens resting-state functional communication between brain areas involved in the consolidation of problem-solving skills. Learn Mem 2023; 30:25-35. [PMID: 36669853 PMCID: PMC9872190 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053638.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sleep consolidates procedural memory for motor skills, and this process is associated with strengthened functional connectivity in hippocampal-striatal-cortical areas. It is unknown whether similar processes occur for procedural memory that requires cognitive strategies needed for problem-solving. It is also unclear whether a full night of sleep is indeed necessary for consolidation to occur, compared with a daytime nap. We examined how resting-state functional connectivity within the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network differs after offline consolidation intervals of sleep, nap, or wake. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired immediately before and after training on a procedural problem-solving task that requires the acquisition of a novel cognitive strategy and immediately prior to the retest period (i.e., following the consolidation interval). ROI to ROI and seed to whole-brain functional connectivity analyses both specifically and consistently demonstrated strengthened hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity following a period of sleep versus wake. These results were associated with task-related gains in behavioral performance. Changes in functional communication were also observed between groups using the striatum as a seed. Here, we demonstrate that at the behavioral level, procedural strategies benefit from both a nap and a night of sleep. However, a full night of sleep is associated with enhanced functional communication between regions that support problem-solving skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zhuo Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alyssa Pozzobon
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Balmeet Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Julia Al-Kuwatli
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laura Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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9
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Miyamoto D. Neural circuit plasticity for complex non-declarative sensorimotor memory consolidation during sleep. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:37-43. [PMID: 36584925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the brain actively consolidates long-term memory during sleep. Motor skill memory is a form of non-declarative procedural memory and can be coordinated with multi-sensory processing such as visual, tactile, and, auditory. Conversely, perception is affected by body movement signal from motor brain regions. Although both cortical and subcortical brain regions are involved in memory consolidation, cerebral cortex activity can be recorded and manipulated noninvasively or minimally invasively in humans and animals. NREM sleep, which is important for non-declarative memory consolidation, is characterized by slow and spindle waves representing thalamo-cortical population activity. In animals, electrophysiological recording, optical imaging, and manipulation approaches have revealed multi-scale cortical dynamics across learning and sleep. In the sleeping cortex, neural activity is affected by prior learning and neural circuits are continually reorganized. Here I outline how sensorimotor coordination is formed through awake learning and subsequent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Sleeping-Brain Dynamics, Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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10
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Bibineyshvili Y, Schiff ND, Calderon DP. Dexmedetomidine-mediated sleep phase modulation ameliorates motor and cognitive performance in a chronic blast-injured mouse model. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1040975. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that blast injury is followed by sleep disruption linked to functional sequelae. It is well established that improving sleep ameliorates such functional deficits. However, little is known about longitudinal brain activity changes after blast injury. In addition, the effects of directly modulating the sleep/wake cycle on learning task performance after blast injury remain unclear. We hypothesized that modulation of the sleep phase cycle in our injured mice would improve post-injury task performance. Here, we have demonstrated that excessive sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns are accompanied by prominent motor and cognitive impairment during acute stage after secondary blast injury (SBI) in a mouse model. Over time we observed a transition to more moderate and prolonged sleep/wake cycle disturbances, including changes in theta and alpha power. However, persistent disruptions of the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindle amplitude and intra-spindle frequency were associated with lasting motor and cognitive deficits. We, therefore, modulated the sleep phase of injured mice using subcutaneous (SC) dexmedetomidine (Dex), a common, clinically used sedative. Dex acutely improved intra-spindle frequency, theta and alpha power, and motor task execution in chronically injured mice. Moreover, dexmedetomidine ameliorated cognitive deficits a week after injection. Our results suggest that SC Dex might potentially improve impaired motor and cognitive behavior during daily tasks in patients that are chronically impaired by blast-induced injuries.
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11
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Mizrahi-Kliger AD, Kaplan A, Israel Z, Bergman H. Entrainment to sleep spindles reflects dissociable patterns of connectivity between cortex and basal ganglia. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111367. [PMID: 36130495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are crucial for learning in the cortex and basal ganglia (BG) because they facilitate the reactivation of previously active neuronal ensembles. Studying field potentials (FPs) and spiking in the cortex and BG during sleep in non-human primates following pre-sleep learning, we show that FP sleep spindles are widespread in the BG and are similar to cortical spindles in morphology, spectral content, and response to the pre-sleep task. Further, BG spindles are concordant with electroencephalogram (EEG) spindles and associated with increased cortico-BG correlation. However, spindles across the BG differ markedly in their entrainment of local spiking. The spiking activity of striatal projection neurons exhibits consistent phase locking to striatal and EEG spindles, producing phase windows of peaked cross-region spindling. In contrast, firing in other BG nuclei is not entrained to either local or EEG sleep spindles. These results suggest corticostriatal synapses as the main hub for offline cortico-BG communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv D Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Nicolas J, King BR, Levesque D, Lazzouni L, Coffey EBJ, Swinnen S, Doyon J, Carrier J, Albouy G. Sigma oscillations protect or reinstate motor memory depending on their temporal coordination with slow waves. eLife 2022; 11:73930. [PMID: 35726850 PMCID: PMC9259015 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during post-learning sleep is known to enhance motor memory consolidation but the underlying neurophysiological processes remain unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial effect of auditory TMR on motor performance. At the neural level, TMR enhanced slow wave (SW) characteristics. Additionally, greater TMR-related phase-amplitude coupling between slow (0.5–2 Hz) and sigma (12–16 Hz) oscillations after the SW peak was related to higher TMR effect on performance. Importantly, sounds that were not associated to learning strengthened SW-sigma coupling at the SW trough. Moreover, the increase in sigma power nested in the trough of the potential evoked by the unassociated sounds was related to the TMR benefit. Altogether, our data suggest that, depending on their precise temporal coordination during post learning sleep, slow and sigma oscillations play a crucial role in either memory reinstatement or protection against irrelevant information; two processes that critically contribute to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Nicolas
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Unversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - David Levesque
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Latifa Lazzouni
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Solano A, Riquelme LA, Perez-Chada D, Della-Maggiore V. Visuomotor Adaptation Modulates the Clustering of Sleep Spindles Into Trains. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:803387. [PMID: 35368282 PMCID: PMC8966394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.803387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are thought to promote memory consolidation. Recently, we have shown that visuomotor adaptation (VMA) learning increases the density of spindles and promotes the coupling between spindles and slow oscillations, locally, with the level of spindle-SO synchrony predicting overnight memory retention. Yet, growing evidence suggests that the rhythmicity in spindle occurrence may also influence the stabilization of declarative and procedural memories. Here, we examined if VMA learning promotes the temporal organization of sleep spindles into trains. We found that VMA increased the proportion of spindles and spindle-SO couplings in trains. In agreement with our previous work, this modulation was observed over the contralateral hemisphere to the trained hand, and predicted overnight memory retention. Interestingly, spindles grouped in a cluster showed greater amplitude and duration than isolated spindles. The fact that these features increased as a function of train length, provides evidence supporting a biological advantage of this temporal arrangement. Our work opens the possibility that the periodicity of NREM oscillations may be relevant in the stabilization of procedural memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Solano
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A. Riquelme
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Perez-Chada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Service, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Valeria Della-Maggiore,
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Fitzroy AB, Jones BJ, Kainec KA, Seo J, Spencer RMC. Aging-Related Changes in Cortical Sources of Sleep Oscillatory Neural Activity Following Motor Learning Reflect Contributions of Cortical Thickness and Pre-sleep Functional Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:787654. [PMID: 35087393 PMCID: PMC8786737 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.787654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory neural activity during sleep, such as that in the delta and sigma bands, is important for motor learning consolidation. This activity is reduced with typical aging, and this reduction may contribute to aging-related declines in motor learning consolidation. Evidence suggests that brain regions involved in motor learning contribute to oscillatory neural activity during subsequent sleep. However, aging-related differences in regional contributions to sleep oscillatory activity following motor learning are unclear. To characterize these differences, we estimated the cortical sources of consolidation-related oscillatory activity using individual anatomical information in young and older adults during non-rapid eye movement sleep after motor learning and analyzed them in light of cortical thickness and pre-sleep functional brain activation. High-density electroencephalogram was recorded from young and older adults during a midday nap, following completion of a functional magnetic resonance imaged serial reaction time task as part of a larger experimental protocol. Sleep delta activity was reduced with age in a left-weighted motor cortical network, including premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and pre-supplementary motor area, as well as non-motor regions in parietal, temporal, occipital, and cingulate cortices. Sleep theta activity was reduced with age in a similar left-weighted motor network, and in non-motor prefrontal and middle cingulate regions. Sleep sigma activity was reduced with age in left primary motor cortex, in a non-motor right-weighted prefrontal-temporal network, and in cingulate regions. Cortical thinning mediated aging-related sigma reductions in lateral orbitofrontal cortex and frontal pole, and partially mediated delta reductions in parahippocampal, fusiform, and lingual gyri. Putamen, caudate, and inferior parietal cortex activation prior to sleep predicted frontal and motor cortical contributions to sleep delta and theta activity in an age-moderated fashion, reflecting negative relationships in young adults and positive or absent relationships in older adults. Overall, these results support the local sleep hypothesis that brain regions active during learning contribute to consolidation-related neural activity during subsequent sleep and demonstrate that sleep oscillatory activity in these regions is reduced with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahren B. Fitzroy
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Bethany J. Jones
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kyle A. Kainec
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jeehye Seo
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca M. C. Spencer
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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15
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Lunsford-Avery JR, Edinger JD, Krystal AD. Overnight Delta Dynamics Associated with Daytime Psychomotor Performance in Adults with Insomnia and Healthy Controls. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:217-230. [PMID: 35210889 PMCID: PMC8860757 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s330939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is vital to cognition, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although sleep duration and continuity are two well-established contributors, additional factors-including homeostatic sleep drive processes-may also underlie cognition-related sleep restoration. This study investigates the relative contributions of sleep EEG factors to psychomotor functioning in adults with insomnia and healthy controls (HC) to identify the most significant sleep factors supporting psychomotor functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults with insomnia (n = 37) and HC (n = 39) completed 3 nights of polysomnography and a complex psychomotor task (switching attention task; SAT). Univariate correlations identified the most significant predictors (traditional PSG, spectral EEG, initial delta peak, and overnight delta decline) of SAT performance, which were then entered into multivariable linear regressions examining whether predictors remained significant after accounting for shortened/fragmented sleep and whether relationships differed across groups. RESULTS In addition to greater wake after sleep onset (WASO; r = 0.33), a slower overnight delta decline (r = 0.50) and a lower initial delta peak (r = -0.38) were the most significant predictors of poorer SAT performance. Both overnight delta decline (F(7, 68) = 12.52, p < 0.001) and initial delta peak (F(7, 68) = 7.85, p = 0.007) remained significant predictors after controlling for demographics, total sleep time, and WASO. Relationships were analogous across subject groups. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that, in addition to sleep duration and continuity, processes related to recovery from and dissipation of homeostatic sleep drive may support psychomotor performance and broadly support daytime functioning in individuals with and without insomnia. Future research may examine overnight delta dynamics as transdiagnostic processes supporting cognition-related sleep restoration across a range of clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jack D Edinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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16
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Rakowska M, Abdellahi MEA, Bagrowska P, Navarrete M, Lewis PA. Long term effects of cueing procedural memory reactivation during NREM sleep. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118573. [PMID: 34537384 PMCID: PMC8591408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single night of TMR benefits procedural memories up to 10 days later. Spindle density and SO-spindle coupling strength increase immediately upon cue onset. Time spent in N2 but not N3 predicts cueing benefit.
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) has recently emerged as a promising tool to manipulate and study the sleeping brain. Although the technique is developing rapidly, only a few studies have examined how the effects of TMR develop over time. Here, we use a bimanual serial reaction time task (SRTT) to investigate whether the difference between the cued and un-cued sequence of button presses persists long-term. We further explore the relationship between the TMR benefit and sleep spindles, as well as their coupling with slow oscillations. Our behavioural analysis shows better performance for the dominant hand. Importantly, there was a strong effect of TMR, with improved performance on the cued sequence after sleep. Closer examination revealed a significant benefit of TMR at 10 days post-encoding, but not 24 h or 6 weeks post-encoding. Time spent in stage 2, but not stage 3, of NREM sleep predicted cueing benefit. We also found a significant increase in spindle density and SO-spindle coupling during the cue period, when compared to the no-cue period. Together, our results demonstrate that TMR effects evolve over several weeks post-cueing, as well as emphasising the importance of stage 2, spindles and the SO-spindle coupling in procedural memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Rakowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Mahmoud E A Abdellahi
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Paulina Bagrowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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17
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Fang Z, Smith DM, Albouy G, King BR, Vien C, Benali H, Carrier J, Doyon J, Fogel S. Differential Effects of a Nap on Motor Sequence Learning-Related Functional Connectivity Between Young and Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747358. [PMID: 34776932 PMCID: PMC8582327 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In older adults, motor sequence learning (MSL) is largely intact. However, consolidation of newly learned motor sequences is impaired compared to younger adults, and there is evidence that brain areas supporting enhanced consolidation via sleep degrade with age. It is known that brain activity in hippocampal-cortical-striatal areas is important for sleep-dependent, off-line consolidation of motor-sequences. Yet, the intricacies of how both age and sleep alter communication within this network of brain areas, which facilitate consolidation, are not known. In this study, 37 young (age 20-35) and 49 older individuals (age 55-75) underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after training on a MSL task as well as after either a nap or a period of awake rest. Young participants who napped showed strengthening of functional connectivity (FC) between motor, striatal, and hippocampal areas, compared to older subjects regardless of sleep condition. Follow-up analyses revealed this effect was driven by younger participants who showed an increase in FC between striatum and motor cortices, as well as older participants who showed decreased FC between the hippocampus, striatum, and precuneus. Therefore, different effects of sleep were observed in younger vs. older participants, where young participants primarily showed increased communication in the striatal-motor areas, while older participants showed decreases in key nodes of the default mode network and striatum. Performance gains correlated with FC changes in young adults, and this association was much greater in participants who napped compared to those who stayed awake. Performance gains also correlated with FC changes in older adults, but only in those who napped. This study reveals that, while there is no evidence of time-dependent forgetting/deterioration of performance, older adults exhibit a completely different pattern of FC changes during consolidation compared to younger adults, and lose the benefit that sleep affords to memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan M Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Genevieve Albouy
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Catherine Vien
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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18
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Hayes TL, Krishnan GP, Bazhenov M, Siegelmann HT, Sejnowski TJ, Kanan C. Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elements. Neural Comput 2021; 33:2908-2950. [PMID: 34474476 PMCID: PMC9074752 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in biological neural networks during sleep, and it is now thought to play a critical role in memory formation, retrieval, and consolidation. Replay-like mechanisms have been incorporated in deep artificial neural networks that learn over time to avoid catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Replay algorithms have been successfully used in a wide range of deep learning methods within supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning paradigms. In this letter, we provide the first comprehensive comparison between replay in the mammalian brain and replay in artificial neural networks. We identify multiple aspects of biological replay that are missing in deep learning systems and hypothesize how they could be used to improve artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Hayes
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, U.S.A.
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.
| | | | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A., and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.
| | - Christopher Kanan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, U.S.A.; Paige, New York, NY 10036, U.S.A.; and Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, U.S.A.
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19
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Lemke SM, Ramanathan DS, Darevksy D, Egert D, Berke JD, Ganguly K. Coupling between motor cortex and striatum increases during sleep over long-term skill learning. eLife 2021; 10:e64303. [PMID: 34505576 PMCID: PMC8439654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of cortical connectivity to the striatum influences the balance between behavioral variability and stability. Learning to consistently produce a skilled action requires plasticity in corticostriatal connectivity associated with repeated training of the action. However, it remains unknown whether such corticostriatal plasticity occurs during training itself or 'offline' during time away from training, such as sleep. Here, we monitor the corticostriatal network throughout long-term skill learning in rats and find that non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is a relevant period for corticostriatal plasticity. We first show that the offline activation of striatal NMDA receptors is required for skill learning. We then show that corticostriatal functional connectivity increases offline, coupled to emerging consistent skilled movements, and coupled cross-area neural dynamics. We then identify NREM sleep spindles as uniquely poised to mediate corticostriatal plasticity, through interactions with slow oscillations. Our results provide evidence that sleep shapes cross-area coupling required for skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Lemke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
| | | | - David Darevksy
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel Egert
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joshua D Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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20
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Fitzroy AB, Kainec KA, Seo J, Spencer RMC. Encoding and consolidation of motor sequence learning in young and older adults. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107508. [PMID: 34450244 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation in young adults, but this benefit is reduced in older adults. Here we sought to understand whether differences in the neural bases of encoding between young and older adults contribute to aging-related differences in sleep-dependent consolidation of an explicit variant of the serial reaction time task (SRTT). Seventeen young and 18 older adults completed two sessions (nap, wake) one week apart. In the MRI, participants learned the SRTT. Following an afternoon interval either awake or with a nap (recorded with high-density polysomnography), performance on the SRTT was reassessed in the MRI. Imaging and behavioral results from SRTT performance showed clear sleep-dependent consolidation of motor sequence learning in older adults after a daytime nap, compared to an equal interval awake. Young adults, however, showed brain activity and behavior during encoding consistent with high SRTT performance prior to the sleep interval, and did not show further sleep-dependent performance improvements. Young adults did show reduced cortical activity following sleep, suggesting potential systems-level consolidation related to automatization. Sleep physiology data showed that sigma activity topography was affected by hippocampal and cortical activation prior to the nap in both age groups, and suggested a role of theta activity in sleep-dependent automatization in young adults. These results suggest that previously observed aging-related sleep-dependent consolidation deficits may be driven by aging-related deficiencies in fast learning processes. Here we demonstrate that when sufficient encoding strength is reached with additional training, older adults demonstrate intact sleep-dependent consolidation of motor sequence learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahren B Fitzroy
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
| | - Kyle A Kainec
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
| | - Jeehye Seo
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
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21
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den Berg van NH, Pozzobon A, Fang Z, Al-Kuwatli J, Toor B, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Sleep Enhances Consolidation of Memory Traces for Complex Problem-Solving Skills. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:653-667. [PMID: 34383034 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep consolidates memory for procedural motor skills, reflected by sleep-dependent changes in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network. Other forms of procedural skills require the acquisition of a novel strategy to solve a problem, which recruit overlapping brain regions and specialized areas including the caudate and prefrontal cortex. Sleep preferentially benefits strategy and problem-solving skills over the accompanying motor execution movements. However, it is unclear how acquiring new strategies benefit from sleep. Here, participants performed a task requiring the execution of a sequence of movements to learn a novel cognitive strategy. Participants performed this task while undergoing fMRI before and after an interval of either a full night sleep, a daytime nap, or wakefulness. Participants also performed a motor control task, which precluded the opportunity to learn the strategy. In this way, we subtracted motor execution-related brain activations from activations specific to the strategy. The sleep and nap groups experienced greater behavioral performance improvements compared to the wake group on the strategy-based task. Following sleep, we observed enhanced activation of the caudate in addition to other regions in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network, compared to wakefulness. This study demonstrates that sleep is a privileged time to enhance newly acquired cognitive strategies needed to solve problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H den Berg van
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - A Pozzobon
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Z Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.,Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - J Al-Kuwatli
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - B Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - L B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - S M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.,Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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22
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Picard-Deland C, Aumont T, Samson-Richer A, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Whole-body procedural learning benefits from targeted memory reactivation in REM sleep and task-related dreaming. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107460. [PMID: 34015442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep facilitates memory consolidation through offline reactivations of memory traces. Dreaming may play a role in memory improvement and may reflect these memory reactivations. To experimentally address this question, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR), i.e., application, during sleep, of a stimulus that was previously associated with learning, to assess whether it influences task-related dream imagery (or task-dream reactivations). Specifically, we asked if TMR or task-dream reactivations in either slow-wave (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep benefit whole-body procedural learning. Healthy participants completed a virtual reality (VR) flying task prior to and following a morning nap or rest period during which task-associated tones were readministered in either SWS, REM sleep, wake or not at all. Findings indicate that learning benefits most from TMR when applied in REM sleep compared to a Control-sleep group. REM dreams that reactivated kinesthetic elements of the VR task (e.g., flying, accelerating) were also associated with higher improvement on the task than were dreams that reactivated visual elements (e.g., landscapes) or that had no reactivations. TMR did not itself influence dream content but its effects on performance were greater when coexisting with task-dream reactivations in REM sleep. Findings may help explain the mechanistic relationships between dream and memory reactivations and may contribute to the development of sleep-based methods to optimize complex skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Picard-Deland
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tomy Aumont
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Samson-Richer
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Dream & Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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23
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Johnson BP, Cohen LG, Westlake KP. The Intersection of Offline Learning and Rehabilitation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:667574. [PMID: 33967725 PMCID: PMC8098688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.667574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kelly P Westlake
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Peyrache A, Seibt J. A mechanism for learning with sleep spindles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190230. [PMID: 32248788 PMCID: PMC7209910 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindles are ubiquitous oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A growing body of evidence points to a possible link with learning and memory, and the underlying mechanisms are now starting to be unveiled. Specifically, spindles are associated with increased dendritic activity and high intracellular calcium levels, a situation favourable to plasticity, as well as with control of spiking output by feed-forward inhibition. During spindles, thalamocortical networks become unresponsive to inputs, thus potentially preventing interference between memory-related internal information processing and extrinsic signals. At the system level, spindles are co-modulated with other major NREM oscillations, including hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) and neocortical slow waves, both previously shown to be associated with learning and memory. The sequential occurrence of reactivation at the time of SWRs followed by neuronal plasticity-promoting spindles is a possible mechanism to explain NREM sleep-dependent consolidation of memories. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Julie Seibt
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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25
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Zhou G, Pan Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Guo X, Luo Y. Sleep Electroencephalographic Response to Respiratory Events in Patients With Moderate Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:310. [PMID: 32372906 PMCID: PMC7186482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome is a common breathing disorder that can lead to organic brain injury, prevent memory consolidation, and cause other adverse mental-related complications. Brain activity while sleeping during respiratory events is related to these dysfunctions. In this study, we analyzed variations in electroencephalography (EEG) signals before, during, and after such events. Absolute and relative powers, as well as symbolic transfer entropy (STE) of scalp EEG signals, were calculated to unveil the activity of brain regions and information interactions between them, respectively. During the respiratory events, only low-frequency power increased during rapid eye movement (REM) stage (δ-band absolute and relative power) and N1 (δ- and θ-band absolute power, δ-band relative power) sleep. But absolute power increased in low- and medium-frequency bands (δ, θ, α, and σ bands), and relative power increased mainly in the medium-frequency band (α and σ bands) during stage N2 sleep. After the respiratory events, absolute power increased in all frequency bands and sleep stages, but relative power increased in medium and high frequencies. Regarding information interactions, the β-band STE decreased during and after events. In the γ band, the intrahemispheric STE increased during events and decreased afterward. Moreover, the interhemisphere STE increased after events during REM and stage N1 sleep. The EEG changes throughout respiratory events are supporting evidence for previous EEG knowledge of the impact of sleep apnea on the brain. These findings may provide insights into the influence of the sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Sleep-Disordered Breathing Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Guadagni V, Byles H, Tyndall AV, Parboosingh J, Longman RS, Hogan DB, Hanly PJ, Younes M, Poulin MJ. Association of sleep spindle characteristics with executive functioning in healthy sedentary middle-aged and older adults. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13037. [PMID: 32281182 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine the relationship between sleep spindle characteristics (density, power and frequency), executive functioning and cognitive decline in older adults, we studied a convenience subsample of healthy middle-aged and older participants of the Brain in Motion study. Participants underwent a single night of unattended in-home polysomnography with neurocognitive testing carried out shortly afterwards. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed to derive spindle characteristics in both central and frontal derivations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Stage 2 and 3. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations between spindle characteristics and cognitive outcomes, with age, body mass index (BMI), periodic limb movements index (PLMI) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as covariates. NREM Stage 2 total spindle density was significantly associated with executive functioning (central: β = .363, p = .016; frontal: β = .408, p = .004). NREM Stage 2 fast spindle density was associated with executive functioning (central: β = .351, p = .022; frontal: β = .380, p = .009) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA, central: β = .285, p = .037; frontal: β = .279, p = .032). NREM Stage 2 spindle frequency was also associated with MoCA score (central: β = .337, p = .013). Greater spindle density and fast spindle density were associated with better executive functioning and less cognitive decline in our study population. Our cross-sectional design cannot infer causality. Longitudinal studies will be required to assess the ability of spindle characteristics to predict future cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Guadagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hannah Byles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda V Tyndall
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jillian Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard Stewart Longman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Psychology Service, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Service, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David B Hogan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick J Hanly
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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27
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De Zeeuw CI, Canto CB. Sleep deprivation directly following eyeblink-conditioning impairs memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 170:107165. [PMID: 31953233 PMCID: PMC7184677 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The relation between sleep and different forms of memory formation continues to be a relevant topic in our daily life. Sleep has been found to affect cerebellum-dependent procedural memory formation, but it remains to be elucidated to what extent the level of sleep deprivation directly after motor training also influences our ability to store and retrieve memories. Here, we studied the effect of disturbed sleep in mice during two different time-windows, one covering the first four hours following eyeblink conditioning (EBC) and another window following the next period of four hours. Compared to control mice with sleep ad libitum, the percentage of conditioned responses and their amplitude were impaired when mice were deprived of sleep directly after conditioning. This impairment was still significant when the learned EBC responses were extinguished and later reacquired. However, consolidation of eyeblink responses was not affected when mice were deprived later than four hours after acquisition, not even when tested during a different day-night cycle for control. Moreover, mice that slept longer directly following EBC showed a tendency for more conditioned responses. Our data indicate that consolidation of motor memories can benefit from sleep directly following memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, KNAW, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrin B Canto
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, KNAW, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Schapiro AC, Reid AG, Morgan A, Manoach DS, Verfaellie M, Stickgold R. The hippocampus is necessary for the consolidation of a task that does not require the hippocampus for initial learning. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1091-1100. [PMID: 31157946 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During sleep, the hippocampus plays an active role in consolidating memories that depend on it for initial encoding. There are hints in the literature that the hippocampus may have a broader influence, contributing to the consolidation of memories that may not initially require the area. We tested this possibility by evaluating learning and consolidation of the motor sequence task (MST) in hippocampal amnesics and demographically matched control participants. While the groups showed similar initial learning, only controls exhibited evidence of overnight consolidation. These results demonstrate that the hippocampus can be required for normal consolidation of a task without being required for its acquisition, suggesting that the area plays a broader role in coordinating memory consolidation than has previously been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Schapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison G Reid
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Sleep preferentially enhances memory for a cognitive strategy but not the implicit motor skills used to acquire it. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Poon JJY, Chapman JL, Wong KKH, Mullins AE, Cho G, Kim JW, Yee BJ, Grunstein RR, Marshall NS, D'Rozario AL. Intra-individual stability of NREM sleep quantitative EEG measures in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12838. [PMID: 30821056 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography is collected routinely during clinical polysomnography, but is often utilised to simply determine sleep time to calculate apnea-hypopnea indices. Quantitative analysis of these data (quantitative electroencephalogram) may provide trait-like information to predict patient vulnerability to sleepiness. Measurements of trait-like characteristics need to have high test-retest reliability. We aimed to investigate the intra-individual stability of slow-wave (delta power) and spindle frequency (sigma power) activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We recorded sleep electroencephalograms during two overnight polysomnographic recordings in 61 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (median days between studies 47, inter-quartile range 53). Electroencephalograms recorded at C3-M2 derivation were quantitatively analysed using power spectral analysis following artefact removal. Relative delta (0.5-4.5 Hz) and sigma (12-15 Hz) power during non-rapid eye movement sleep were calculated. Intra-class correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between nights. Intra-class correlation coefficients demonstrated good-to-excellent agreement in the delta and sigma frequencies between nights (intra-class correlation coefficients: 0.84, 0.89, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis of delta power showed a mean difference close to zero (-0.4, 95% limits of agreement -9.4, 8.7) and no heteroscedasticity with increasing power. Sigma power demonstrated heteroscedasticity, with reduced stability as sigma power increased. The mean difference of sigma power between nights was close to zero (0.1, 95% limits -1.6, 1.8). We have demonstrated the stability of slow-wave and spindle frequency electroencephalograms during non-rapid eye movement sleep within patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The electroencephalogram profile during non-rapid eye movement sleep may be a useful biomarker for predicting vulnerability to daytime impairment in obstructive sleep apnea and responsiveness to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Y Poon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia L Chapman
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keith K H Wong
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E Mullins
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney Nursing School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Garry Cho
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jong W Kim
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Healthcare IT, Inje University, Inje-ro 197, Kimhae, Kyunsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Brendon J Yee
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathaniel S Marshall
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney Nursing School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela L D'Rozario
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,NeuroSleep, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Gabitov E, Boutin A, Pinsard B, Censor N, Fogel SM, Albouy G, King BR, Carrier J, Cohen LG, Karni A, Doyon J. Susceptibility of consolidated procedural memory to interference is independent of its active task-based retrieval. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210876. [PMID: 30653576 PMCID: PMC6336251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconsolidation theory posits that upon retrieval, consolidated memories are destabilized and need to be restabilized in order to persist. It has been suggested that experience with a competitive task immediately after memory retrieval may interrupt these restabilization processes leading to memory loss. Indeed, using a motor sequence learning paradigm, we have recently shown that, in humans, interference training immediately after active task-based retrieval of the consolidated motor sequence knowledge may negatively affect its performance levels. Assessing changes in tapping pattern before and after interference training, we also demonstrated that this performance deficit more likely indicates a genuine memory loss rather than an initial failure of memory retrieval. Here, applying a similar approach, we tested the necessity of the hypothetical retrieval-induced destabilization of motor memory to allow its impairment. The impact of memory retrieval on performance of a new motor sequence knowledge acquired during the interference training was also evaluated. Similar to the immediate post-retrieval interference, interference training alone without the preceding active task-based memory retrieval was also associated with impairment of the pre-established motor sequence memory. Performance levels of the sequence trained during the interference training, on the other hand, were impaired only if this training was given immediately after memory retrieval. Noteworthy, an 8-hour interval between memory retrieval and interference allowed to express intact performance levels for both sequences. The current results suggest that susceptibility of the consolidated motor memory to behavioral interference is independent of its active task-based retrieval. Differential effects of memory retrieval on performance levels of the new motor sequence encoded during the interference training further suggests that memory retrieval may influence the way new information is stored by facilitating its integration within the retrieved memory trace. Thus, impairment of the pre-established motor memory may reflect interference from a competing memory trace rather than involve interruption of reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Gabitov
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (EG); (JD)
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
| | - Nitzan Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stuart M. Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bradley R. King
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Sacré-Cœur Hospital of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo G. Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avi Karni
- Laboratory for Human Brain & Learning, Sagol Department of Neurobiology & the E.J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (EG); (JD)
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32
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Vien C, Boré A, Boutin A, Pinsard B, Carrier J, Doyon J, Fogel S. Thalamo-Cortical White Matter Underlies Motor Memory Consolidation via Modulation of Sleep Spindles in Young and Older Adults. Neuroscience 2019; 402:104-115. [PMID: 30615913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that consolidation of the memory trace associated with a newly acquired motor sequence is supported by thalamo-cortical spindle activity during subsequent sleep, as well as functional changes in a distributed cortico-striatal network. To date, however, no studies have investigated whether the structural white matter connections between these regions affect motor sequence memory consolidation in relation with sleep spindles. Here, we used diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) tractography to reconstruct the major fascicles of the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical loop in both young and older participants who were trained on an explicit finger sequence learning task before and after a daytime nap. Thereby, this allowed us to examine whether post-learning sleep spindles measured using polysomnographic recordings interact with consolidation processes and this specific neural network. Our findings provide evidence corroborating the critical role of NREM2 thalamo-cortical sleep spindles in motor sequence memory consolidation, and show that the post-learning changes in these neurophysiological events relate specifically to white matter characteristics in thalamo-cortical fascicles. Moreover, we demonstrate that microstructure along this fascicle relates indirectly to offline gains in performance through an increase of spindle density over motor-related cortical areas. These results suggest that the integrity of thalamo-cortical projections, via their impact on sleep spindle generation, may represent one of the critical mechanisms modulating the expression of sleep-dependent offline gains following motor sequence learning in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vien
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Stuart Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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33
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Laventure S, Pinsard B, Lungu O, Carrier J, Fogel S, Benali H, Lina JM, Boutin A, Doyon J. Beyond spindles: interactions between sleep spindles and boundary frequencies during cued reactivation of motor memory representations. Sleep 2018; 41:5077412. [PMID: 30137521 PMCID: PMC6132625 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now ample evidence that sleep spindles play a critical role in the consolidation of newly acquired motor sequences. Previous studies have also revealed that the interplay between different types of sleep oscillations (e.g. spindles, slow waves, sharp-wave ripples) promotes the consolidation process of declarative memories. Yet the functional contribution of this type of frequency-specific interactions to motor memory consolidation remains unknown. Thus, this study sought to investigate whether spindle oscillations are associated with low- or high-frequency activity at the regional (local) and interregional (connectivity) levels. Using an olfactory-targeted memory reactivation paradigm paired to a motor sequence learning task, we compared the effect of cuing (Cond) to no-cuing (NoCond) on frequency interactions during sleep spindles. Time-frequency decomposition analyses revealed that cuing induced significant differential and localized changes in delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) frequencies before, during, and after spindles, as well as changes in high-beta (20-30 Hz) during the spindle oscillation. Finally, coherence analyses yielded significant increases in connectivity during sleep spindles in both theta and sigma (11-17 Hz) bands in the cued group only. These results support the notion that the synchrony between spindle and associated low- or high-frequency rhythmic activity is an integral part of the memory reactivation process. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of not only measuring spindles' characteristics, but to investigate such oscillations in both time and frequency domains when assessing memory consolidation-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laventure
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- PERFORM Centre, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- École de technologie supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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34
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Mikoteit T, Brand S, Perren S, von Wyl A, von Klitzing K, Kurath J, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hatzinger M. Visually detected non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep spindle density at age five years predicted prosocial behavior positively and hyperactivity scores negatively at age nine years. Sleep Med 2018; 48:101-106. [PMID: 29879654 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A higher density of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) spindles has been cross-sectionally associated with more efficient cortical-subcortical connectivity, superior intellectual and learning abilities, and healthier emotional and behavioral traits. In the present study, we explored to what extent sleep spindle density (SSD) at age five years could predict emotional and behavioral traits at six and nine years. METHODS A total of 19 healthy preschoolers at age five years underwent in-home sleep EEG recordings for visual scoring of non-rapid eye movement stage 2 (NREM-S2) sleep spindles, and SSD in NREM-S2 was calculated. Parents and teachers rated children's emotional and behavioral characteristics at ages five, six, and nine years. RESULTS Higher SSD at five years predicted higher prosocial behavior scores at nine years, as rated by parents and teachers, and lower hyperactivity scores as rated by teachers. Multiple regression analyses showed that SSD predicted prosocial behavior and hyperactivity independently of earlier prosocial behavior or hyperactivity. CONCLUSION The pattern of results suggests that a higher SSD at five years is predictive of higher scores for positive emotional and behavioral characteristics four years later. Therefore, spindle density indices might be acknowledged as an indicator not only of cognitive but also of emotional-behavioral development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Mikoteit
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric Services Solothurn and University of Basel, Solothurn, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatry Department, Substance Use Disorders Prevention Center, and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sonja Perren
- Department of Empirical Educational Research, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Agnes von Wyl
- Psychological Institut, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kurath
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric Services Solothurn and University of Basel, Solothurn, Switzerland
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35
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Rothschild G. The transformation of multi-sensory experiences into memories during sleep. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 160:58-66. [PMID: 29588222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our everyday lives present us with a continuous stream of multi-modal sensory inputs. While most of this information is soon forgotten, sensory information associated with salient experiences can leave long-lasting memories in our minds. Extensive human and animal research has established that the hippocampus is critically involved in this process of memory formation and consolidation. However, the underlying mechanistic details are still only partially understood. Specifically, the hippocampus has often been suggested to encode information during experience, temporarily store it, and gradually transfer this information to the cortex during sleep. In rodents, ample evidence has supported this notion in the context of spatial memory, yet whether this process adequately describes the consolidation of multi-sensory experiences into memories is unclear. Here, focusing on rodent studies, I examine how multi-sensory experiences are consolidated into long term memories by hippocampal and cortical circuits during sleep. I propose that in contrast to the classical model of memory consolidation, the cortex is a "fast learner" that has a rapid and instructive role in shaping hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation. The proposed model may offer mechanistic insight into memory biasing using sensory cues during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Rothschild
- Department of Psychology and Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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36
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King BR, Saucier P, Albouy G, Fogel SM, Rumpf JJ, Klann J, Buccino G, Binkofski F, Classen J, Karni A, Doyon J. Cerebral Activation During Initial Motor Learning Forecasts Subsequent Sleep-Facilitated Memory Consolidation in Older Adults. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1588-1601. [PMID: 26802074 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults exhibit deficits in motor memory consolidation; however, little is known about the cerebral correlates of this impairment. We thus employed fMRI to investigate the neural substrates underlying motor sequence memory consolidation, and the modulatory influence of post-learning sleep, in healthy older adults. Participants were trained on a motor sequence and retested following an 8-h interval including wake or diurnal sleep as well as a 22-h interval including a night of sleep. Results demonstrated that a post-learning nap improved offline consolidation across same- and next-day retests. This enhanced consolidation was reflected by increased activity in the putamen and the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, regions that have previously been implicated in sleep-dependent neural plasticity in young adults. Moreover, for the first time in older adults, the neural substrates subserving initial motor learning, including the putamen, cerebellum, and parietal cortex, were shown to forecast subsequent consolidation depending on whether a post-learning nap was afforded. Specifically, sufficient activation in a motor-related network appears to be necessary to trigger sleep-facilitated consolidation in older adults. Our findings not only demonstrate that post-learning sleep can enhance motor memory consolidation in older adults, but also provide the system-level neural correlates of this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R King
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Saucier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Genevieve Albouy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Juliane Klann
- Division of Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy and IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division of Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Avi Karni
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Department of Human Biology and The E.J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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37
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Viczko J, Sergeeva V, Ray LB, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Does sleep facilitate the consolidation of allocentric or egocentric representations of implicitly learned visual-motor sequence learning? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:67-77. [PMID: 29339558 PMCID: PMC5772393 DOI: 10.1101/lm.044719.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sleep facilitates the consolidation (i.e., enhancement) of simple, explicit (i.e., conscious) motor sequence learning (MSL). MSL can be dissociated into egocentric (i.e., motor) or allocentric (i.e., spatial) frames of reference. The consolidation of the allocentric memory representation is sleep-dependent, whereas the egocentric consolidation process is independent of sleep or wake for explicit MSL. However, it remains unclear the extent to which sleep contributes to the consolidation of implicit (i.e., unconscious) MSL, nor is it known what aspects of the memory representation (egocentric, allocentric) are consolidated by sleep. Here, we investigated the extent to which sleep is involved in consolidating implicit MSL, specifically, whether the egocentric or the allocentric cognitive representations of a learned sequence are enhanced by sleep, and whether these changes support the development of explicit sequence knowledge across sleep but not wake. Our results indicate that egocentric and allocentric representations can be behaviorally dissociated for implicit MSL. Neither representation was preferentially enhanced across sleep nor were developments of explicit awareness observed. However, after a 1-wk interval performance enhancement was observed in the egocentric representation. Taken together, these results suggest that like explicit MSL, implicit MSL has dissociable allocentric and egocentric representations, but unlike explicit sequence learning, implicit egocentric and allocentric memory consolidation is independent of sleep, and the time-course of consolidation differs significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Viczko
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Valya Sergeeva
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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38
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Boutin A, Pinsard B, Boré A, Carrier J, Fogel SM, Doyon J. Transient synchronization of hippocampo-striato-thalamo-cortical networks during sleep spindle oscillations induces motor memory consolidation. Neuroimage 2017; 169:419-430. [PMID: 29277652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation. This mnemonic process is thought to be mediated by thalamo-cortical spindle activity during NREM-stage2 sleep episodes as well as changes in striatal and hippocampal activity. However, direct experimental evidence supporting the contribution of such sleep-dependent physiological mechanisms to motor memory consolidation in humans is lacking. In the present study, we combined EEG and fMRI sleep recordings following practice of a motor sequence learning (MSL) task to determine whether spindle oscillations support sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation by transiently synchronizing and coordinating specialized cortical and subcortical networks. To that end, we conducted EEG source reconstruction on spindle epochs in both cortical and subcortical regions using novel deep-source localization techniques. Coherence-based metrics were adopted to estimate functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical structures over specific frequency bands. Our findings not only confirm the critical and functional role of NREM-stage2 sleep spindles in motor skill consolidation, but provide first-time evidence that spindle oscillations [11-17 Hz] may be involved in sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation by locally reactivating and functionally binding specific task-relevant cortical and subcortical regions within networks including the hippocampus, putamen, thalamus and motor-related cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montréal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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39
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Sigma frequency dependent motor learning in Williams syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16759. [PMID: 29196666 PMCID: PMC5711805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two basic stages of fine motor learning: performance gain might occur during practice (online learning), and improvement might take place without any further practice (offline learning). Offline learning, also called consolidation, has a sleep-dependent stage in terms of both speed and accuracy of the learned movement. Sleep spindle or sigma band characteristics affect motor learning in typically developing individuals. Here we ask whether the earlier found, altered sigma activity in a neurodevelopmental disorder (Williams syndrome, WS) predicts motor learning. TD and WS participants practiced in a sequential finger tapping (FT) task for two days. Although WS participants started out at a lower performance level, TD and WS participants had a comparable amount of online and offline learning in terms of the accuracy of movement. Spectral analysis of WS sleep EEG recordings revealed that motor accuracy improvement is intricately related to WS-specific NREM sleep EEG features in the 8–16 Hz range profiles: higher 11–13.5 Hz z-transformed power is associated with higher offline FT accuracy improvement; and higher oscillatory peak frequencies are associated with lower offline accuracy improvements. These findings indicate a fundamental relationship between sleep spindle (or sigma band) activity and motor learning in WS.
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40
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Sergeeva V, Viczko J, Ray LB, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Sleep-dependent motor sequence memory consolidation in individuals with periodic limb movements. Sleep Med 2017; 40:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Yordanova J, Kirov R, Verleger R, Kolev V. Dynamic coupling between slow waves and sleep spindles during slow wave sleep in humans is modulated by functional pre-sleep activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14496. [PMID: 29101344 PMCID: PMC5670140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-existent sleep spindles and slow waves have been viewed as a mechanism for offline information processing. Here we explored if the temporal synchronization between slow waves and spindle activity during slow wave sleep (SWS) in humans was modulated by preceding functional activations during pre-sleep learning. We activated differentially the left and right hemisphere before sleep by using a lateralized variant of serial response time task (SRTT) and verified these inter-hemispheric differences by analysing alpha and beta electroencephalographic (EEG) activities during learning. The stability and timing of coupling between positive and negative phases of slow waves and sleep spindle activity during SWS were quantified. Spindle activity was temporally synchronized with both positive (up-state) and negative (down-state) slow half waves. Synchronization of only the fast spindle activity was laterally asymmetric after learning, corresponding to hemisphere-specific activations before sleep. However, the down state was associated with decoupling, whereas the up-state was associated with increased coupling of fast spindle activity over the pre-activated hemisphere. These observations provide original evidence that (1) the temporal grouping of fast spindles by slow waves is a dynamic property of human SWS modulated by functional pre-sleep activation patterns, and (2) fast spindles synchronized by slow waves are functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Roumen Kirov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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42
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King BR, Hoedlmoser K, Hirschauer F, Dolfen N, Albouy G. Sleeping on the motor engram: The multifaceted nature of sleep-related motor memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Fogel S, Albouy G, King BR, Lungu O, Vien C, Bore A, Pinsard B, Benali H, Carrier J, Doyon J. Reactivation or transformation? Motor memory consolidation associated with cerebral activation time-locked to sleep spindles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174755. [PMID: 28422976 PMCID: PMC5396873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor memory consolidation is thought to depend on sleep-dependent reactivation of brain areas recruited during learning. However, up to this point, there has been no direct evidence to support this assertion in humans, and the physiological processes supporting such reactivation are unknown. Here, simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recordings were conducted during post-learning sleep to directly investigate the spindle-related reactivation of a memory trace formed during motor sequence learning (MSL), and its relationship to overnight enhancement in performance (reflecting consolidation). We show that brain regions within the striato-cerebello-cortical network recruited during training on the MSL task, and in particular the striatum, were also activated during sleep, time-locked to spindles. Interestingly, the consolidated trace in the striatum was not simply strengthened, but was transformed/reorganized from rostrodorsal (associative) to caudoventral (sensorimotor) subregions. Moreover, the degree of the reactivation was correlated with overnight improvements in performance. Altogether, the present findings demonstrate that striatal reactivation linked to sleep spindles in the post-learning night, is related to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Fogel
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genevieve Albouy
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bradley R. King
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Vien
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Bore
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre D’études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l’institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Canto CB, Onuki Y, Bruinsma B, van der Werf YD, De Zeeuw CI. The Sleeping Cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:309-323. [PMID: 28431742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We sleep almost one-third of our lives and sleep plays an important role in critical brain functions like memory formation and consolidation. The role of sleep in cerebellar processing, however, constitutes an enigma in the field of neuroscience; we know little about cerebellar sleep-physiology, cerebro-cerebellar interactions during sleep, or the contributions of sleep to cerebellum-dependent memory consolidation. Likewise, we do not understand why cerebellar malfunction can lead to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and sleep disorders. In this review, we evaluate how sleep and cerebellar processing may influence one another and highlight which scientific routes and technical approaches could be taken to uncover the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin B Canto
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Stavrinos EL, Coxon JP. High-intensity Interval Exercise Promotes Motor Cortex Disinhibition and Early Motor Skill Consolidation. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:593-604. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition shapes motor cortex output, gates synaptic plasticity in the form of long-term potentiation, and plays an important role in motor learning. Remarkably, recent studies have shown that acute cardiovascular exercise can improve motor memory, but the cortical mechanisms are not completely understood. We investigated whether an acute bout of lower-limb high-intensity interval (HIT) exercise could promote motor memory formation in humans through changes in cortical inhibition within the hand region of the primary motor cortex. We used TMS to assess the input–output relationship, along with inhibition involving GABAA and GABAB receptors. Measures were obtained before and after a 20-min session of HIT cycling (exercise group) or rest (control group). We then had the same participants learn a new visuomotor skill and perform a retention test 5 hr later in the absence of sleep. No differences were found in corticomotor excitability or GABAB inhibition; however, synaptic GABAA inhibition was significantly reduced for the exercise group but not the control group. HIT exercise was found to enhance motor skill consolidation. These findings link modification of GABA to improved motor memory consolidation after HIT exercise and suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise on consolidation might not be dependent on sleep.
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46
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Procedural performance following sleep deprivation remains impaired despite extended practice and an afternoon nap. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36001. [PMID: 27782172 PMCID: PMC5080542 DOI: 10.1038/srep36001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of sleep loss on procedural memory is well established, yet it remains unclear how extended practice opportunities or daytime naps can modulate the effect of a night of sleep deprivation. Here, participants underwent three training and test conditions on a sequential finger tapping task (SFTT) separated by at least one week. In the first condition they were trained in the evening followed by a night of sleep. Two further conditions took place where evening training was followed by a night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). One of the TSD conditions included a one-hour nap opportunity (15:00). Compared to the condition in which sleep was permitted, a night of TSD resulted in poorer performance across 4 practices the following day (10:00-19:00). The deleterious effect of a single night of TSD on procedural performance, was neither clearly alleviated by an afternoon nap nor by multiple practice opportunities. Interestingly, significant gains in performance were observed in all conditions after a one-week delay. Recovery sleep on subsequent nights thus appeared to nullify the effect of a single night of sleep deprivation, underscoring the importance of offline consolidation on the acquisition of procedural skill.
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47
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Fogel S, Vien C, Karni A, Benali H, Carrier J, Doyon J. Sleep spindles: a physiological marker of age-related changes in gray matter in brain regions supporting motor skill memory consolidation. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:154-164. [PMID: 27815989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is necessary for the optimal consolidation of procedural learning, and in particular, for motor sequential skills. Motor sequence learning remains intact with age, but sleep-dependent consolidation is impaired, suggesting that memory deficits for procedural skills are specifically impacted by age-related changes in sleep. Age-related changes in spindles may be responsible for impaired motor sequence learning consolidation, but the morphological basis for this deficit is unknown. Here, we found that gray matter in the hippocampus and cerebellum was positively correlated with both sleep spindles and offline improvements in performance in young participants but not in older participants. These results suggest that age-related changes in gray matter in the hippocampus relate to spindles and may underlie age-related deficits in sleep-related motor sequence memory consolidation. In this way, spindles can serve as a biological marker for structural brain changes and the related memory deficits in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Fogel
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Catherine Vien
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Avi Karni
- Laboratory for Human Brain & Learning, Sagol Department of Neurobiology & the E.J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Habib Benali
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Berencsi A, Gombos F, Kovács I. Capacity to improve fine motor skills in Williams syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:956-968. [PMID: 27485486 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are known to have difficulties in carrying out fine motor movements; however, a detailed behavioural profile of WS in this domain is still missing. It is also unknown how great the capacity to improve these skills with focused and extensive practice is. METHOD We studied initial performance and learning capacity in a sequential finger tapping (FT) task in WS and in typical development. Improvement in the FT task has been shown to be sleep dependent. WS subjects participating in the current study have also participated in earlier polysomnography studies, although not directly related to learning. RESULTS WS participants presented with great individual variability. In addition to generally poor initial performance, learning capacity was also greatly limited in WS. We found indications that reduced sleep efficiency might contribute to this limitation. CONCLUSIONS Estimating motor learning capacity and the depth of sleep disorder in a larger sample of WS individuals might reveal important relationships between sleep and learning, and contribute to efficient intervention methods improving skill acquisition in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berencsi
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education, Institute for Methodology of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - F Gombos
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Kovács
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Backhaus W, Braass H, Renné T, Gerloff C, Hummel FC. Motor Performance Is not Enhanced by Daytime Naps in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:125. [PMID: 27303292 PMCID: PMC4886106 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of sleep on motor learning in the aging brain was investigated using an experimental diurnal nap setup. As the brain ages several components of learning as well as motor performance change. In addition, aging is also related to sleep architectural changes. This combination of slowed learning processes and impaired sleep behavior raises the question of whether sleep can enhance learning and specifically performance of procedural tasks in healthy, older adults. Previous research was able to show sleep-dependent consolidation overnight for numerous tasks in young adults. Some of these study findings can also be replicated for older adults. This study aims to clarify whether sleep-dependent consolidation can also be found during shorter periods of diurnal sleep. The impact of midday naps on motor consolidation was analyzed by comparing procedural learning using a sequence and a motor adaptation task, in a crossover fashion in healthy, non-sleep deprived, older adults randomly subjected to wake (45 min), short nap (10–20 min sleep) or long nap (50–70 min sleep) conditions. Older adults exhibited learning gains, these were not found to be sleep-dependent in either task. The results suggest that daytime naps do not have an impact on performance and motor learning in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifried Backhaus
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Braass
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; University Sleep Medicine Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Agaplesion HospitalHamburg, Germany
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Cousins JN, El-Deredy W, Parkes LM, Hennies N, Lewis PA. Cued Reactivation of Motor Learning during Sleep Leads to Overnight Changes in Functional Brain Activity and Connectivity. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002451. [PMID: 27137944 PMCID: PMC4854410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a role in memory consolidation. This is demonstrated by improved performance and neural plasticity underlying that improvement after sleep. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) allows the manipulation of sleep-dependent consolidation through intentionally biasing the replay of specific memories in sleep, but the underlying neural basis of these altered memories remains unclear. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show a change in the neural representation of a motor memory after targeted reactivation in slow-wave sleep (SWS). Participants learned two serial reaction time task (SRTT) sequences associated with different auditory tones (high or low pitch). During subsequent SWS, one sequence was reactivated by replaying the associated tones. Participants were retested on both sequences the following day during fMRI. As predicted, they showed faster reaction times for the cued sequence after targeted memory reactivation. Furthermore, increased activity in bilateral caudate nucleus and hippocampus for the cued relative to uncued sequence was associated with time in SWS, while increased cerebellar and cortical motor activity was related to time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Functional connectivity between the caudate nucleus and hippocampus was also increased after targeted memory reactivation. These findings suggest that the offline performance gains associated with memory reactivation are supported by altered functional activity in key cognitive and motor networks, and that this consolidation is differentially mediated by both REM sleep and SWS. Slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are associated with the reactivation and consolidation of a motor skill within distinct brain networks. After a motor skill is learned, the memory undergoes "offline" processing so that improvement occurs even without further practice. Sleep has been shown to enhance this consolidation and, in the process, to reorganize the brain regions involved. However, it remains unclear how sleep does this, and whether different sleep stages have different contributions. One popular idea is that the memory trace is reactivated during slow-wave sleep—a period of sleep characterized by synchronized activity at a slow frequency and high amplitude, as recorded by electroencephalography (EEG)—which drives memory reorganization within the brain. To test this in humans, we took advantage of "targeted memory reactivation," where replay of specific memories is cued by presentation of a sound that was present during learning. After sleep, motor performance was faster for cued memories, suggesting that the trace was consolidated during sleep. Coupled with this, brain activation and connectivity in several motor-learning areas was enhanced for the cued memory. Furthermore, some changes in brain activity were associated with time spent in slow-wave sleep, while others were associated with time spent in rapid-eye movement sleep. These observations provide further insight into sleep's unique role in memory consolidation by showing that offline skill enhancement depends on the reactivation of specific memories, and the associated changes in neural activity may rely upon processing that unfolds across different stages of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cousins
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Hennies
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistr, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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