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Wu HY, Huang CM, Hsu AL, Chen CN, Wu CW, Chen JH. Functional neuroplasticity of facilitation and interference effects on inhibitory control following 3-month physical exercise in aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3682. [PMID: 38355770 PMCID: PMC10866924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Preservation of executive function, like inhibition, closely links to the quality of life in senior adults. Although neuroimaging literature has shown enhanced inhibitory function followed by aerobic exercise, current evidence implies inconsistent neuroplasticity patterns along different time durations of exercise. Hence, we conducted a 12-week exercise intervention on 12 young and 14 senior volunteers and repeatedly measured the inhibitory functionality of distinct aspects (facilitation and interference effects) using the numerical Stroop task and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Results showcased improved accuracy and reduced reaction times (RT) after 12-week exercise, attributed to frontoparietal and default mode network effects. In young adults, the first phase (0 to six weeks) exercise increased the activation of the right superior medial frontal gyrus, associated with reduced RT in interference, but in the second intervention phase (six to twelve weeks), the decreased activation of the left superior medial frontal gyrus positively correlated with reduced RT in facilitation. In senior adults, the first six-week intervention led to reduced activations of the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and default mode network regions, associated with the reduced RT in interference. Still, in the second intervention phase, only the visual area exhibited increased activity, associated with reduced RT in interference. Except for the distinctive brain plasticity between the two phases of exercise intervention, the between-group comparison also presented that the old group gained more cognitive benefits within the first six weeks of exercise intervention; however, the cognitive improvements in the young group occurred after six weeks of intervention. Limited by the sample size, these preliminary findings corroborated the benefits of aerobic exercise on the inhibitory functions, implying an age × exercise interaction on the brain plasticity for both facilitation and interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Chang L, Ryan MC, Liang H, Zhang X, Cunningham E, Wang J, Wilson E, Herskovits EH, Kottilil S, Ernst TM. Changes in Brain Activation Patterns During Working Memory Tasks in People With Post-COVID Condition and Persistent Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Neurology 2023; 100:e2409-e2423. [PMID: 37185175 PMCID: PMC10256123 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Post-COVID condition (PCC) is common and often involves neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to use blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI (BOLD-fMRI) to assess whether participants with PCC had abnormal brain activation during working memory (WM) and whether the abnormal brain activation could predict cognitive performance, motor function, or psychiatric symptoms. METHODS The participants with PCC had documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at least 6 weeks before enrollment. Healthy control participants had no prior history of COVID-19 and negative tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Participants were assessed using 3 NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) batteries for Cognition (NIHTB-CB), Emotion (NIHTB-EB), and Motor function (NIHTB-MB) and selected tests from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Each had BOLD-fMRI at 3T, during WM (N-back) tasks with increasing attentional/WM load. RESULTS One hundred sixty-nine participants were screened; 50 fulfilled the study criteria and had complete and usable data sets for this cross-sectional cohort study. Twenty-nine participants with PCC were diagnosed with COVID-19 242 ± 156 days earlier; they had similar ages (42 ± 12 vs 41 ± 12 years), gender proportion (65% vs 57%), racial/ethnic distribution, handedness, education, and socioeconomic status, as the 21 uninfected healthy controls. Despite the high prevalence of memory (79%) and concentration (93%) complaints, the PCC group had similar performance on the NIHTB-CB as the controls. However, participants with PCC had greater brain activation than the controls across the network (false discovery rate-corrected p = 0.003, Tmax = 4.17), with greater activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.009, Cohen d = 0.81, 95% CI 0.15-1.46) but lesser deactivation in the default mode regions (p = 0.001, d = 1.03, 95% CI 0.61-1.99). Compared with controls, participants with PCC also had poorer dexterity and endurance on the NIHTB-MB, higher T scores for negative affect and perceived stress, but lower T scores for psychological well-being on the NIHTB-EB, as well as more pain symptoms and poorer mental and physical health on measures from the PROMIS. Greater brain activation predicted poorer scores on measures that were abnormal on the NIHTB-EB. DISCUSSION Participants with PCC and neuropsychiatric symptoms demonstrated compensatory neural processes with greater usage of alternate brain regions, and reorganized networks, to maintain normal performance during WM tasks. BOLD-fMRI was sensitive for detecting brain abnormalities that correlated with various quantitative neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chang
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
| | - Meghann C Ryan
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Huajun Liang
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Xin Zhang
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Eric Cunningham
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Justin Wang
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Eleanor Wilson
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Edward H Herskovits
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- From the Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.C., M.C.R., H.L., X.Z., E.C., J.W., E.H.H., T.M.E.), and Department of Neurology (L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (L.C., T.M.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Program in Neuroscience (L.C., M.C.R.), Institute of Human Virology (L.C., E.W., S.K.), and Division of Infectious Disease (E.W., S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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3
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Ficek-Tani B, Horien C, Ju S, Xu W, Li N, Lacadie C, Shen X, Scheinost D, Constable T, Fredericks C. Sex differences in default mode network connectivity in healthy aging adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6139-6151. [PMID: 36563018 PMCID: PMC10183749 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women show an increased lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with men. Characteristic brain connectivity changes, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), have been associated with both symptomatic and preclinical AD, but the impact of sex on DMN function throughout aging is poorly understood. We investigated sex differences in DMN connectivity over the lifespan in 595 cognitively healthy participants from the Human Connectome Project-Aging cohort. We used the intrinsic connectivity distribution (a robust voxel-based metric of functional connectivity) and a seed connectivity approach to determine sex differences within the DMN and between the DMN and whole brain. Compared with men, women demonstrated higher connectivity with age in posterior DMN nodes and lower connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Differences were most prominent in the decades surrounding menopause. Seed-based analysis revealed higher connectivity in women from the posterior cingulate to angular gyrus, which correlated with neuropsychological measures of declarative memory, and hippocampus. Taken together, we show significant sex differences in DMN subnetworks over the lifespan, including patterns in aging women that resemble changes previously seen in preclinical AD. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex in neuroimaging studies of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronte Ficek-Tani
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Corey Horien
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Suyeon Ju
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Wanwan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Nancy Li
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Cheryl Lacadie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Carolyn Fredericks
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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4
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Wang H, Labus JS, Griffin F, Gupta A, Bhatt RR, Sauk JS, Turkiewicz J, Bernstein CN, Kornelsen J, Mayer EA. Functional brain rewiring and altered cortical stability in ulcerative colitis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1792-1804. [PMID: 35046525 PMCID: PMC9095465 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, there is still a major need to better understand the interactions between brain function and chronic gut inflammation and its clinical implications. Alterations in executive function have previously been identified in several chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammation-associated brain alterations can be captured by connectome analysis. Here, we used the resting-state fMRI data from 222 participants comprising three groups (ulcerative colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and healthy controls (HC), N = 74 each) to investigate the alterations in functional brain wiring and cortical stability in UC compared to the two control groups and identify possible correlations of these alterations with clinical parameters. Globally, UC participants showed increased functional connectivity and decreased modularity compared to IBS and HC groups. Regionally, UC showed decreased eigenvector centrality in the executive control network (UC < IBS < HC) and increased eigenvector centrality in the visual network (UC > IBS > HC). UC also showed increased connectivity in dorsal attention, somatomotor network, and visual networks, and these enhanced subnetwork connectivities were able to distinguish UC participants from HCs and IBS with high accuracy. Dynamic functional connectome analysis revealed that UC showed enhanced cortical stability in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which correlated with severe depression and anxiety-related measures. None of the observed brain changes were correlated with disease duration. Together, these findings are consistent with compromised functioning of networks involved in executive function and sensory integration in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA ,grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 P. R. China
| | - Jennifer S. Labus
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA
| | - Fiona Griffin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA
| | - Ravi R. Bhatt
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA
| | - Jenny S. Sauk
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA
| | - Joanna Turkiewicz
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kornelsen
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7378 USA
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5
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Regularity and randomness in ageing: Differences in resting-state EEG complexity measured by largest Lyapunov exponent. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Maniar YM, Peck KK, Jenabi M, Gene M, Holodny AI. Functional MRI Shows Altered Deactivation and a Corresponding Decrease in Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Patients with Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1505-1512. [PMID: 33985945 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The default mode network normally decreases in activity during externally directed tasks. Although default mode network connectivity is disrupted in numerous brain pathologies, default mode network deactivation has not been studied in patients with brain tumors. We investigated default mode network deactivation with language task-based fMRI by measuring the anticorrelation of a critical default mode network node, the posterior cingulate cortex, in patients with gliomas and controls; furthermore, we examined default mode network functional connectivity in these patients with task-based and resting-state fMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 10 healthy controls and 30 patients with gliomas, the posterior cingulate cortex was identified on task-based fMRI and was used as an ROI to create connectivity maps from task-based and resting-state fMRI data. We compared the average correlation in each default mode network region between patients and controls for each correlation map and stratified patients by tumor location, hemisphere, and grade. RESULTS Patients with gliomas (P = .001) and, in particular, patients with tumors near the posterior default mode network (P < .001) showed less posterior cingulate cortex anticorrelation in task-based fMRI than controls. Patients with both left- and right-hemisphere tumors, as well as those with grade IV tumors, showed significantly lower posterior cingulate cortex anticorrelation than controls (P = .02, .03, and <.001, respectively). Functional connectivity in each default mode network region was not significantly different between task-based and resting-state maps. CONCLUSIONS Task-based fMRI showed impaired deactivation of the default mode network in patients with gliomas. The functional connectivity of the default mode network in both task-based and resting-state fMRI in patients with gliomas using the posterior cingulate cortex identified in task-based fMRI as an ROI for seed-based correlation analysis has strong overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Maniar
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.M.M., K.K.P., M.J., M.G., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - K K Peck
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.M.M., K.K.P., M.J., M.G., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Physics (K.K.P.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - M Jenabi
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.M.M., K.K.P., M.J., M.G., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - M Gene
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.M.M., K.K.P., M.J., M.G., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - A I Holodny
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.M.M., K.K.P., M.J., M.G., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology (A.I.H.), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience (A.I.H.), Weill-Cornell Graduate School of the Medical Sciences, New York, New York
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7
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Roe JM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Sneve MH, Kompus K, Greve DN, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Westerhausen R. Age-Related Differences in Functional Asymmetry During Memory Retrieval Revisited: No Evidence for Contralateral Overactivation or Compensation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1129-1147. [PMID: 31408102 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain asymmetry is inherent to cognitive processing and seems to reflect processing efficiency. Lower frontal asymmetry is often observed in older adults during memory retrieval, yet it is unclear whether lower asymmetry implies an age-related increase in contralateral recruitment, whether less asymmetry reflects compensation, is limited to frontal regions, or predicts neurocognitive stability or decline. We assessed age-related differences in asymmetry across the entire cerebral cortex, using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 89 young and 76 older adults during successful retrieval, and surface-based methods allowing direct homotopic comparison of activity between cortical hemispheres . An extensive left-asymmetric network facilitated retrieval in both young and older adults, whereas diverse frontal and parietal regions exhibited lower asymmetry in older adults. However, lower asymmetry was not associated with age-related increases in contralateral recruitment but primarily reflected either less deactivation in contralateral regions reliably signaling retrieval failure in the young or lower recruitment of the dominant hemisphere-suggesting that functional deficits may drive lower asymmetry in older brains, not compensatory activity. Lower asymmetry predicted neither current memory performance nor the extent of memory change across the preceding ~ 8 years in older adults. Together, these findings are inconsistent with a compensation account for lower asymmetry during retrieval and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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8
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Qin Q, Tang Y, Dou X, Qu Y, Xing Y, Yang J, Chu T, Liu Y, Jia J. Default mode network integrity changes contribute to cognitive deficits in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:255-265. [PMID: 32125614 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND) refers to cognitive deficits associated with underlying vascular causes that are insufficient to confirm a diagnosis of dementia. The default mode network (DMN) is a large-scale brain network of interacting brain regions involved in attention, working memory and executive function. The role of DMN white matter integrity in cognitive deficits of VCIND patients is unclear. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this study was carried out to investigate white matter microstructural changes in the DMN in VCIND patients and their contributions to cognitive deficits. Thirty-one patients with subcortical VCIND and twenty-two healthy elderly subjects were recruited. All patients underwent neuropsychological assessments and DTI examination. Voxel-based analyses were performed to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) measures in the DMN. Compared with the healthy elderly subjects, patients diagnosed with subcortical VCIND presented with abnormal white matter integrity in several key hubs of the DMN. The severity of damage in the white matter microstructure in the DMN significantly correlated with cognitive dysfunction. Mediation analyses demonstrated that DTI values could account for attention, executive and language impairments, and partly mediated global cognitive dysfunction in the subcortical VCIND patients. DMN integrity is significantly impaired in subcortical VCIND patients. The disrupted DMN connectivity could explain the attention, language and executive dysfunction, which indicates that the white matter integrity of the DMN may be a neuroimaging marker for VCIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xuejiao Dou
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yida Qu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Center for Data Science, Courant, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China
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9
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Mikos A, Malagurski B, Liem F, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Object-Location Memory Training in Older Adults Leads to Greater Deactivation of the Dorsal Default Mode Network. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:623766. [PMID: 33716693 PMCID: PMC7952529 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.623766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that cognitive training can be efficacious for older adults, but findings regarding training-related brain plasticity have been mixed and vary depending on the imaging modality. Recent years have seen a growth in recognition of the importance of large-scale brain networks on cognition. In particular, task-induced deactivation within the default mode network (DMN) is thought to facilitate externally directed cognition, while aging-related decrements in this neural process are related to reduced cognitive performance. It is not yet clear whether task-induced deactivation within the DMN can be enhanced by cognitive training in the elderly. We previously reported durable cognitive improvements in a sample of healthy older adults (age range = 60-75) who completed 6 weeks of process-based object-location memory training (N = 36) compared to an active control training group (N = 31). The primary aim of the current study is to evaluate whether these cognitive gains are accompanied by training-related changes in task-related DMN deactivation. Given the evidence for heterogeneity of the DMN, we examine task-related activation/deactivation within two separate DMN branches, a ventral branch related to episodic memory and a dorsal branch more closely resembling the canonical DMN. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an untrained object-location memory task at four time points before, during, and after the training period. Task-induced (de)activation values were extracted for the ventral and dorsal DMN branches at each time point. Relative to visual fixation baseline: (i) the dorsal DMN was deactivated during the scanner task, while the ventral DMN was activated; (ii) the object-location memory training group exhibited an increase in dorsal DMN deactivation relative to the active control group over the course of training and follow-up; (iii) changes in dorsal DMN deactivation did not correlate with task improvement. These results indicate a training-related enhancement of task-induced deactivation of the dorsal DMN, although the specificity of this improvement to the cognitive task performed in the scanner is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Mikos
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Malagurski
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Zarnani K, Smith SM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Rostrup E, Nichols TE. Discovering correlates of age-related decline in a healthy late-midlife male birth cohort. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16709-16743. [PMID: 32913141 PMCID: PMC7521526 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies exploring age-related brain and cognitive change have identified substantial heterogeneity among individuals, but the underlying reasons for the differential trajectories remain largely unknown. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between brain-imaging phenotypes (IDPs) and cognitive ability, and how these relations may be modified by common risk and protective factors. Participants were recruited from the 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (N=123), a longitudinal study of cognitive and brain ageing. Childhood IQ and socio-demographic factors are available for these participants who have been assessed regularly on multiple IDPs and behavioural factors in midlife. Using Pearson correlations and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we explored the relation between 454 IDPs and 114 behavioural variables. CCA identified a single mode of population covariation coupling cross-subject longitudinal changes in brain structure to changes in cognitive performance and to a range of age-related covariates (r=0.92, Pcorrected < 0.001). Specifically, this CCA-mode indicated that; decreases in IQ and speed assessed tasks, higher rates of familial myocardial infarct, less physical activity, and poorer mental health are associated with larger decreases in whole brain grey matter and white matter. We found no evidence supporting the role of baseline scores as predictors of impending brain and behavioural change in late-midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Zarnani
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing, Centre For Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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11
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Richard N, Nikolic M, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Steady-state visual evoked potential temporal dynamics reveal correlates of cognitive decline. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:836-846. [PMID: 32066102 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A central concern in aging is the preservation of cognitive skills. Tools to detect cognitive decline are sparse. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether cognitive decline is accompanied by alterations in the temporal dynamics of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). METHODS We included 162 men from the Danish Metropolit birth cohort. Their cognitive trajectory was based on their intelligence test score at youth (age ~18), middle age (age ~56), and late middle age (age ~62). Subjects underwent cognitive tests and steady-state visual stimulation. Temporal dynamics of SSVEPs were assessed in terms of amplitude and phase coherence. RESULTS The latency and magnitude of the amplitude modulation of the 36-Hz response correlated negatively with subjects' cognition indices. Furthermore, negative cognition index was associated with loss of SSVEPs at 36 Hz, and both 8 Hz and 36 Hz in severe cases. CONCLUSION Latency and magnitude of gamma frequency SSVEPs increase with cognitive decline. This suggests that the facilitation of SSVEPs first becomes problematic at gamma frequencies, then at alpha frequencies. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggests that the temporal dynamics of SSVEPs can be used as an indicator of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, evoked gamma oscillations are especially vulnerable in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Richard
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Miki Nikolic
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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12
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Waser M, Garn H, Jennum PJ, Sorensen HBD. A Blind Source-Based Method for Automated Artifact-Correction in Standard Sleep EEG. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:6010-6013. [PMID: 30441706 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common tool in sleep medicine, but it is often compromised by non-neural artifacts. Excluding visually identified artifacts is time-consuming and removes relevant EEG information. Blind source separation (BSS) techniques, on the other hand, are capable of separating "brain" from "artifact source components". Existing algorithms for automated component labeling require either a priori morphological information or adaptation to individual recordings. We present a method for the automated identification of artifact components based on their autocorrelation and spectral properties. It requires no tuning for individual recordings. The method was tested on 100 one-minute EEG segments during rapid eye movement sleep. EEG source components were estimated by second order blind source identification and, as reference, manually labeled as "brain" or "artifact component". The algorithm identified electro-cardiogram components by autocorrelation peaks between 0.5-1.5 seconds and -oculogram components by linear discriminant analysis of spectral band-power. Using 5-fold cross-validation, we observed 97% accuracy (95% sensitivity, 98% specificity), as well as minimized correlation of artifacts and the EEG. The approach has demonstrated its potential as promising tool for a broad range of sleep medical applications.
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13
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Zarnani K, Nichols TE, Alfaro-Almagro F, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Rostrup E, Smith SM. Discovering markers of healthy aging: a prospective study in a Danish male birth cohort. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5943-5974. [PMID: 31480020 PMCID: PMC6738442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to identify markers of cognitive and neural decline in healthy late-midlife participants. We explored the relationship between cross-sectional structural brain-imaging derived phenotypes (IDPs) and cognitive ability, demographic, health and lifestyle factors (non-IDPs). Participants were recruited from the 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (N=193). Applying an extreme group design, members were selected in 2 groups based on cognitive change between IQ at age ~20y (IQ-20) and age ~57y (IQ-57). Subjects showing the highest (n=95) and lowest (n=98) change were selected (at age ~57) for assessments on multiple IDPs and non-IDPs. We investigated the relationship between 453 IDPs and 70 non-IDPs through pairwise correlation and multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA) models. Significant pairwise associations included positive associations between IQ-20 and gray-matter volume of the temporal pole. CCA identified a richer pattern - a single "positive-negative" mode of population co-variation coupling individual cross-subject variations in IDPs to an extensive range of non-IDP measures (r = 0.75, Pcorrected < 0.01). Specifically, this mode linked higher cognitive performance, positive early-life social factors, and mental health to a larger brain volume of several brain structures, overall volume, and microstructural properties of some white matter tracts. Interestingly, both statistical models identified IQ-20 and gray-matter volume of the temporal pole as important contributors to the inter-individual variation observed. The converging patterns provide novel insight into the importance of early adulthood intelligence as a significant marker of late-midlife neural decline and motivates additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Zarnani
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing, Centre For Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Horwitz A, Klemp M, Horwitz H, Thomsen MD, Rostrup E, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Brain Responses to Passive Sensory Stimulation Correlate With Intelligence. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:201. [PMID: 31474849 PMCID: PMC6702683 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the association between intelligence and brain power responses to a passive audiovisual stimulation. We measure the power of gamma-range steady-state responses (SSRs) as well as intelligence and other aspects of neurocognitive function in 40 healthy males born in 1953. The participants are a part of a Danish birth cohort study and the data therefore include additional information measured earlier in life. Our main power measure is the difference in power between a visual stimulation and a combined audiovisual stimulation. We hypothesize and establish empirically that the power measure is associated with intelligence. In particular, we find a highly significant correlation between the power measure and present intelligence scores. The association is robust to controlling for size-at-birth measures, length of education, speed of processing as well as a range of other potentially confounding factors. Interestingly, we find that intelligence scores measured earlier in life (childhood, youth, late midlife), are also correlated with the present-day power measure, suggesting a deep connection between intelligence and the power measure. Finally, we find that the power measure has a high sensitivity for detection of an intelligence score below the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horwitz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Klemp
- Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Economics, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Henrik Horwitz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Dyhr Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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15
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Waser M, Lauritzen MJ, Fagerlund B, Osler M, Mortensen EL, Sørensen HBD, Jennum P. Sleep efficiency and neurophysiological patterns in middle-aged men are associated with cognitive change over their adult life course. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12793. [PMID: 30417544 PMCID: PMC6383751 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted sleep is a contributing factor to cognitive ageing, while also being associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Little is known, however, about the relation of sleep and the gradual cognitive changes over the adult life course. Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns are potential markers of the cognitive progress. To test this hypothesis, we assessed sleep architecture and EEG of 167 men born in the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area in 1953, who, based on individual cognitive testing from early (~18 years) to late adulthood (~58 years), were divided into 85 subjects with negative and 82 with positive cognitive change over their adult life. Participants underwent standard polysomnography, including manual sleep scoring at age ~58 years. Features of sleep macrostructure were combined with a number of EEG features to distinguish between the two groups. EEG rhythmicity was assessed by spectral power analysis in frontal, central and occipital sites. Functional connectivity was measured by inter-hemispheric EEG coherence. Group differences were assessed by analysis of covariance (p < 0.05), including education and severity of depression as potential covariates. Subjects with cognitive decline exhibited lower sleep efficiency, reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and slower EEG rhythms during stage 2 non-REM sleep. Individually, none of these tendencies remained significant after multiple test correction; however, by combining them in a machine learning approach, the groups were separated with 72% accuracy (75% sensitivity, 67% specificity). Ongoing medical screenings are required to confirm the potential of sleep efficiency and sleep EEG patterns as signs of individual cognitive progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waser
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Digital Safety and Security, Sensing and Vision Solutions, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin J. Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research/Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik L. Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helge B. D. Sørensen
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Poul Jennum
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Mellah S, Clément F, Belleville S. Evidence of parietal hyperactivation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment who progressed to dementia: A longitudinal fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:101958. [PMID: 31357150 PMCID: PMC6664199 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation, which is defined as a higher level of activation in patients compared to cognitively unimpaired older adults (controls; CTL), might represent an early signature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The goal of this study was to assess the presence and location of hyperactivation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were later diagnosed with dementia, examine how hyperactivation changes longitudinally, and whether it is related to time before dementia. Forty participants, 26 with MCI and 14 CTL were enrolled in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure functional activation while participants encoded word-pairs as well as cortical thickness and regional brain volume at study entry (Y0) and two years later (Y2). Clinical follow-up was completed every two years following study entry to identify progressors (pMCI), that is, individuals who later received a diagnosis of dementia. Task-related activation was assessed in pMCI in both hippocampi and in regions showing greater cortical thinning from Y0 to Y2 compared to CTLs. Hyperactivation was found in pMCI individuals in the right supramarginal gyrus. Persons with pMCI also showed hypoactivation in the left hippocampus and left pars opercularis. Both hyper- and hypoactivation were present at Y0 and Y2 and did not change longitudinally. Activation was not associated with time before dementia diagnosis. Smaller volume and thinner cortical thickness were associated with shorter time to diagnosis in the left hippocampus and left pars opercularis. In conclusion, hyperactivation was found in individuals who later progressed to dementia, confirming that it might represent an early biomarker to identify individuals in the prodromal phase of AD and that its understanding could contribute to elucidate the key brain mechanisms that precede dementia. Hyperactivation of the right parietal region was found in MCI progressors. Hypoactivation was found in the hippocampal and frontal regions. This overall pattern was specific to MCI who progressed to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samira Mellah
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
| | - Francis Clément
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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17
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Duda BM, Owens MM, Hallowell ES, Sweet LH. Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:111. [PMID: 31214012 PMCID: PMC6558200 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) is a neurocompensatory process that has been observed across several cognitive functions but has not yet been examined in relation to task-induced relative deactivations of the default mode network. The present study investigated the presence of HAROLD effects specific to neural activations and deactivations using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) n-back paradigm. It was hypothesized that HAROLD effects would be identified in relative activations and deactivations during the paradigm, and that they would be associated with better 2-back performance. Forty-five older adults (M age = 63.8; range = 53-83) were administered a verbal n-back paradigm during fMRI. For each participant, the volume of brain response was summarized by left and right frontal regions of interest, and laterality indices (LI; i.e., left/right) were calculated to assess HAROLD effects. Group level results indicated that age was significantly and negatively correlated with LI (i.e., reduced left lateralization) for deactivations, but positively correlated with LI (i.e., increased left lateralization) for activations. The relationship between age and LI for deactivation was significantly moderated by performance level, revealing a stronger relationship between age and LI at higher levels of 2-back performance. Findings suggest that older adults may employ neurocompensatory processes specific to deactivations, and task-independent processes may be particularly sensitive to age-related neurocompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant M. Duda
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Max M. Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Emily S. Hallowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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18
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Pudas S, Rönnlund M. School Performance and Educational Attainment as Early-Life Predictors of Age-Related Memory Decline: Protective Influences in Later-Born Cohorts. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 74:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence is accumulating that early-life characteristics and experiences contribute significantly to differences in cognitive aging. This study investigated whether school performance at age 12 predicted late-life level and rate of memory change over 15–25 years, and whether its potential protective influence on memory change was mediated by educational attainment or income.
Methods
Latent growth curve models were fitted to 15–25 year longitudinal memory data from a population-based sample, stratified on age cohorts (n = 227, born 1909–1935; n = 301, born 1938–1954).
Results
A latent-level school grade variable significantly predicted both memory level and slope in later-born cohorts. Higher grades were associated with higher level and reduced decline, measured between ages 45 and 70 years, on average. In the earlier-born cohorts, grades predicted memory level, but not slope, measured between ages 66 and 81 years. Follow-up analyses indicated that the protective influence of higher school grades in later-born cohorts was partially mediated by educational attainment, but independent of income.
Discussion
The results suggest that higher childhood school performance is protective against age-related cognitive decline in younger or later-born cohorts, for which further education has been more accessible. Education may exert such influence through increased cognitive reserve or more well-informed health- and lifestyle decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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19
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Sørensen CE, Hansen NL, Mortensen EL, Lauritzen M, Osler M, Pedersen AML. Hyposalivation and Poor Dental Health Status Are Potential Correlates of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Late Midlife in Danish Men. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:10. [PMID: 29441011 PMCID: PMC5797531 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Peripheral correlates of age-associated cognitive decline are important tools in the screening for potentially abnormal courses of cognitive aging. Since salivary gland function is controlled by the autonomic and central nervous system, associations between cognitive changes and salivary gland hypofunction were tested in two groups of middle-aged men in late midlife, who differed substantially with respect to their midlife performance in verbal intelligence when compared with their performance in young adulthood. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 193) were recruited from the Danish Metropolit Cohort of men born in 1953. Based on their individual change in performance in two previously administered intelligence tests, they were allocated to one group of positive and one group of negative outliers in midlife cognition scores, indicating no decline versus decline in test performance. All participants underwent a clinical oral examination including assessments of their dental, periodontal, and mucosal conditions. Whole and parotid saliva flow rates were measured, and the number of systemic diseases and medication intake as well as daytime and nocturnal xerostomia were registered. Results: Participants with decline in cognitive test performance in midlife had significantly lower unstimulated whole saliva flow rates, higher prevalence of hyposalivation and daytime xerostomia and a higher caries experience than participants with no decline in midlife performance. Daytime and nocturnal xerostomia were associated with daily intake of medication and alcohol. Discussion: Overall, hyposalivation, xerostomia and poor dental status distinguished a group of men displaying relative decline in cognitive performance from a group of men without evidence of cognitive decline. Thus, hyposalivation and poor dental health status may represent potential correlates of age-related cognitive decline in late midlife, provided that other causes can be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Sørensen
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja L Hansen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Functional Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Department, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark and Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark and Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne M L Pedersen
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Osler M, Sørensen L, Rozing M, Calvo OP, Nielsen M, Rostrup E. Subclinical depressive symptoms during late midlife and structural brain alterations: A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1789-1795. [PMID: 29322596 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored whether depressive symptoms measured three times during midlife were associated with structural brain alterations quantified using magnetic resonance imaging measurements of volume, cortical thickness, and intensity texture. In 192 men born in 1953 with depressive symptoms measured at age 51, 56, and 59 years, magnetic resonance imaging was performed at age 59. All data processing was performed using the Freesurfer software package except for the texture-scores that were computed using in-house software. Structural brain alterations and associations between depressive symptoms and brain structure outcomes were tested using Pearson's correlation, t test, and linear regression. Depressive symptoms at age 51 showed clear inverse correlations with total gray matter, pallidum, and hippocampal volume with the strongest estimate for hippocampal volume (r = -.22, p < .01). After exclusion of men (n = 3) with scores in the range of clinical depression the inverse correlation between depressive symptoms and hippocampal volume became insignificant (r = -13, p = .08). Depressive symptoms at age 59 correlated positively with hippocampal and amygdala texture-potential early markers of atrophy. Inverse relations with total gray matter and pallidum volumes lost significance when the analysis was adjusted for intracranial volume. In men, depressive symptoms at age 51 were associated with a reduced volume of the hippocampus at age 59 independent of later symptoms. Amygdala and hippocampal textures might be the early markers for brain alterations associated with depression in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lauge Sørensen
- The Image Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomediq A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maarten Rozing
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oriol Puig Calvo
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Nielsen
- The Image Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomediq A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Horwitz A, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Passive Double-Sensory Evoked Coherence Correlates with Long-Term Memory Capacity. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:598. [PMID: 29311868 PMCID: PMC5735981 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Memory correlates with the difference between single and double-sensory evoked steady-state coherence in the gamma range (ΔC).The correlation is most pronounced for the anterior brain region (ΔCA ).The correlation is not driven by birth size, education, speed of processing, or intelligence.The sensitivity of ΔCA for detecting low memory capacity is 90%. Cerebral rhythmic activity and oscillations are important pathways of communication between cortical cell assemblies and may be key factors in memory. We asked whether memory performance is related to gamma coherence in a non-task sensory steady-state stimulation. We investigated 40 healthy males born in 1953 who were part of a Danish birth cohort study. Coherence was measured in the gamma range in response to a single-sensory visual stimulation (36 Hz) and a double-sensory combined audiovisual stimulation (auditive: 40 Hz; visual: 36 Hz). The individual difference in coherence (ΔC) between the bimodal and monomodal stimulation was calculated for each subject and used as the main explanatory variable. ΔC in total brain were significantly negatively correlated with long-term verbal recall. This correlation was pronounced for the anterior region. In addition, the correlation between ΔC and long-term memory was robust when controlling for working memory, as well as a wide range of potentially confounding factors, including intelligence, length of education, speed of processing, visual attention and executive function. Moreover, we found that the difference in anterior coherence (ΔCA ) is a better predictor of memory than power in multivariate models. The sensitivity of ΔCA for detecting low memory capacity is 92%. Finally, ΔCA was also associated with other types of memory: verbal learning, visual recognition, and spatial memory, and these additional correlations were also robust enough to control for a range of potentially confounding factors. Thus, the ΔC is a predictor of memory performance may be useful in cognitive neuropsychological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horwitz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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22
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Weiler M, de Campos BM, de Ligo Teixeira CV, Casseb RF, Mac Knight Carletti-Cassani AF, Vicentini JE, Magalhães TNC, Talib LL, Forlenza OV, Balthazar MLF. Intranetwork and internetwork connectivity in patients with Alzheimer disease and the association with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:366-377. [PMID: 28375076 PMCID: PMC5662458 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, many studies have reported abnormal connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) in patients with Alzheimer disease. Few studies, however, have investigated other networks and their association with pathophysiological proteins obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS We performed 3 T imaging in patients with mild Alzheimer disease, patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls, and we collected CSF samples from the patients with aMCI and mild Alzheimer disease. We analyzed 57 regions from 8 networks. Additionally, we performed correlation tests to investigate possible associations between the networks' functional connectivity and the protein levels obtained from the CSF of patients with aMCI and Alzheimer disease. RESULTS Our sample included 41 patients with Alzheimer disease, 35 with aMCI and 48 controls. We found that the main connectivity abnormalities in those with Alzheimer disease occurred between the DMN and task-positive networks: these patients presented not only a decreased anticorrelation between some regions, but also an inversion of the correlation signal (positive correlation instead of anticorrelation). Those with aMCI did not present statistically different connectivity from patients with Alzheimer disease or controls. Abnormal levels of CSF proteins were associated with functional disconnectivity between several regions in both the aMCI and mild Alzheimer disease groups, extending well beyond the DMN or temporal areas. LIMITATIONS The presented data are cross-sectional in nature, and our findings are dependent on the choice of seed regions used. CONCLUSION We found that the main functional connectivity abnormalities occur between the DMN and task-positive networks and that the pathological levels of CSF biomarkers correlate with functional connectivity disruption in patients with Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Correspondence to: M. Weiler, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp Rua Vital Brasil, 251 Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas – SP – Brasil;
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23
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Wiegand I, Lauritzen MJ, Osler M, Mortensen EL, Rostrup E, Rask L, Richard N, Horwitz A, Benedek K, Vangkilde S, Petersen A. EEG correlates of visual short-term memory in older age vary with adult lifespan cognitive development. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:210-220. [PMID: 29175710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (vSTM) is a cognitive resource that declines with age. This study investigated whether electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of vSTM vary with cognitive development over individuals' lifespan. We measured vSTM performance and EEG in a lateralized whole-report task in a healthy birth cohort, whose cognitive function (intelligence quotient) was assessed in youth and late-middle age. Higher vSTM capacity (K; measured by Bundesen's theory of visual attention) was associated with higher amplitudes of the contralateral delay activity (CDA) and the central positivity (CP). In addition, rightward hemifield asymmetry of vSTM (Kλ) was associated with lower CDA amplitudes. Furthermore, more severe cognitive decline from young adulthood to late-middle age predicted higher CDA amplitudes, and the relationship between K and the CDA was less reliable in individuals who show higher levels of cognitive decline compared to individuals with preserved abilities. By contrast, there was no significant effect of lifespan cognitive changes on the CP or the relationship between behavioral measures of vSTM and the CP. Neither the CDA, nor the CP, nor the relationships between K or Kλ and the event-related potentials were predicted by individuals' current cognitive status. Together, our findings indicate complex age-related changes in processes underlying behavioral and EEG measures of vSTM and suggest that the K-CDA relationship might be a marker of cognitive lifespan trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wiegand
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin J Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Rask
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nelly Richard
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Horwitz
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Signe Vangkilde
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Yu Y, Feng L, Li J, Lan X, A L, Lv X, Zhang M, Chen L. The alteration of autophagy and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats with natural aging-dependent cognitive deficits. Behav Brain Res 2017; 334:155-162. [PMID: 28688896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aim to explore aging-dependent changes in hippocampal autophagy and apoptosis in a natural aging rat model from adult to old stages and to discover a suitable age for treating neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Wistar rats at 5, 18 and 24months of age were used to mimic the adulthood, initial old, and old phases, respectively. The learning and cognitive ability of the rats was detected by the Morris water maze test. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed. Expressions of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were examined by Western blot. RESULTS The adult group (5months) exhibited high levels of autophagy related p-ULK p-ULK-1/ULK-1 ratio, Beclin-1, LC3II and cell survival, maintaining normal learning and cognitive function and integrated hippocampal morphology. The initial old group (18 months) presented a reduced number of neurons and cognitive deficits, and exhibited high levels of apoptosis related Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3 activation and autophagy related p-ULK p-ULK-1/ULK-1 ratio, Beclin-1, LC3II compared to the adult group. The old group (24 months) exhibited a high level of apoptosis related Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3 activation and a low level of autophagy related p-ULK p-ULK-1/ULK-1 ratio, Beclin-1, LC3II compared to its younger group, as well as significant neuronal death and cognitive deficits. The degree of autophagy was generally consistent with its negative regulator, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, in all groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that cognitive deficits are first observed in the initial old stage. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis tend to be opposite in the adult and old phases. High levels of autophagy and apoptosis coexist in the initial old stage. Our study indicates that up-regulation of autophagy in the initial old phase to anti-cognitive deficits must be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linjing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxin Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lixiang A
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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25
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Haberman RP, Branch A, Gallagher M. Targeting Neural Hyperactivity as a Treatment to Stem Progression of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:662-676. [PMID: 28560709 PMCID: PMC5509635 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, causes progressive and severe loss of cognitive abilities. With greater numbers of people living to advanced ages, LOAD will increasingly burden both the healthcare system and society. There are currently no available disease-modifying therapies, and the failure of several recent pathology-based strategies has highlighted the urgent need for effective therapeutic targets. With aging as the greatest risk factor for LOAD, targeting mechanisms by which aging contributes to disease could prove an effective strategy to delay progression to clinical dementia by intervention in elderly individuals in an early prodromal stage of disease. Excess neural activity in the hippocampus, a recently described phenomenon associated with age-dependent memory loss, was first identified in animal models of aging and subsequently translated to clinical conditions of aging and early-stage LOAD. Critically, elevated activity was similarly localized to specific circuits within the hippocampal formation in aged animals and humans. Here we review evidence for hippocampal hyperactivity as a significant contributor to age-dependent cognitive decline and the progressive accumulation of pathology in LOAD. We also describe studies demonstrating the efficacy of reducing hyperactivity with an initial test therapy, levetiracetam (Keppra), an atypical antiepileptic. By targeting excess neural activity, levetiracetam may improve cognition and attenuate the accumulation of pathology contributing to progression to the dementia phase of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Haberman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Audrey Branch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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26
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Li CX, Zhang X. Effects of Long-Duration Administration of 1% Isoflurane on Resting Cerebral Blood Flow and Default Mode Network in Macaque Monkeys. Brain Connect 2017; 7:98-105. [PMID: 28030956 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic that is widely used in medical procedures or biomedical research. The duration of anesthesia administration varies from minutes to hours. It is known that isoflurane has dose-dependent effects on brain functionality and physiology, and long-duration anesthesia administration could cause neurocognitive decline in animals and humans. However, the duration effect of isoflurane on the brain physiology and functionality still remains poorly understood. In the present study, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity of adult rhesus monkeys (maintained with 1% isoflurane for 4 h) were examined by using magnetic resonance imaging. The results demonstrate that long-duration isoflurane exposure could result in CBF reduction in most brain areas and functional connectivity decrease in the dominant default-mode network. This study reveals the anesthetic duration effects in the central nervous system of anesthetized subjects and suggests that such duration effects should be considered in examining the brain function of anesthetized animals or humans with contemporary neuroimaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- 1 Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- 1 Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Henriksen OM, Hansen NL, Osler M, Mortensen EL, Hallam DM, Pedersen ET, Chappell M, Lauritzen MJ, Rostrup E. Sub-Clinical Cognitive Decline and Resting Cerebral Blood Flow in Middle Aged Men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169912. [PMID: 28095458 PMCID: PMC5241142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dementia is associated with both global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, little is known about cerebral perfusion in the early pre-clinical stages of cognitive decline preceding overt cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of early sub-clinical cognitive decline with CBF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study participants were recruited from a cohort of Danish men born in 1953. Based on a regression model we selected men who performed better (Group A, n = 94) and poorer (Group B, n = 95) on cognitive testing at age 57 than expected from testing at age 20. Participants underwent supplementary cognitive testing, blood sampling and MRI including measurements of regional and global CBF. RESULTS Regional CBF was lower in group B than in group A in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. The associations were attenuated when corrected for global atrophy, but remained significant in regions of interest based analysis adjusting for regional gray matter volume and vascular risk factors. No influence of group on global CBF was observed. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that early sub-clinical cognitive decline is associated with reduced perfusion in the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus independently of regional atrophy and vascular risk factors, but cannot be statistically separated from an association with global atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Mølby Henriksen
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Liv Hansen
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. of Clin. Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Dept. of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Merete Hallam
- Dept. of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Esben Thade Pedersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Michael Chappell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Johannes Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Mak LE, Minuzzi L, MacQueen G, Hall G, Kennedy SH, Milev R. The Default Mode Network in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Connect 2017; 7:25-33. [PMID: 27917679 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When the brain is not engaged in goal-directed activities and at rest, there are still measureable patterns of activity. One resting-state network, the default mode network (DMN) is responsible for a self-referential introspective state. There are many factors that influence normal changes in brain activity. The purpose of this review is to summarize differences in DMN functional connectivity in healthy individuals by age, sex, cognitive function, and analysis type to characterize what is "normal." Studies were systematically selected up to August 2016. Two reviewers independently used predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. Studies that provided sufficient information were included in a subsequent voxel-wise meta-analysis. Strength of DMN functional connectivity follows an inverse U-shape, where it is strongest in adulthood and lowest in children and elderly. Cognitive function is positively correlated with DMN functional connectivity. Females exhibit stronger intranetwork connectivity compared with males. Effects of analysis type were inconclusive and more studies need to incorporate complementing techniques. The voxel-wise meta-analysis was only conducted for the age factor. Findings supported an immature network in children compared with adults and a stronger network in adults compared with elderly. This is the first study to review differences of DMN functional connectivity in healthy individuals by age, sex, cognitive function, and analysis type. Findings add to the understanding of normal variance. Furthermore, defining a normal comparative base may allow for the identification of DMN change into pathology. This is important since it may allow for the detection of an intermediate risk phenotype and could serve as a biomarker for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Mak
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada .,2 Department of Psychiatry and Providence Care Mental Health Services, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- 4 University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute , Calgary, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- 5 Krembil Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- 1 Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada .,2 Department of Psychiatry and Providence Care Mental Health Services, Queen's University , Kingston, Canada
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Haberman RP, Koh MT, Gallagher M. Heightened cortical excitability in aged rodents with memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:144-151. [PMID: 28104309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated excitability in the hippocampus has emerged as a key contributor to reduced memory function in aging and in cognitive impairment prodromal to Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated the relationship between neural activity and memory in the hippocampus and a connectional cortical network using an aged rat model of individual differences for memory impairment. The expression of cFos was used as a measure of pharmacologically induced neural activity. Aged memory-impaired rats exhibited elevated cFos relative to young adult and aged unimpaired rats in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus and in several cortical regions including the retrosplenial, parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices. Strong correlations between cFos intensity and task performance across the activated network showed a tight coupling between excitability and cognitive phenotype in aging. Elevated neural excitability extending beyond the hippocampus to interconnected posterior cortex (retrosplenial/parietal) was reduced by treatment with levetiracetam, a therapeutic with behavioral efficacy that has previously translated from rodent models of age-related impairment and Alzheimer's disease to humans with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Haberman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ming Teng Koh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rask L, Bendix L, Harbo M, Fagerlund B, Mortensen EL, Lauritzen MJ, Osler M. Cognitive Change during the Life Course and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Late Middle-Aged Men. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:300. [PMID: 28018213 PMCID: PMC5145851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Cognitive skills are known to decline through the lifespan with large individual differences. The molecular mechanisms for this decline are incompletely understood. Although leukocyte telomere length provides an index of cellular age that predicts the incidence of age-related diseases, it is unclear whether there is an association between cognitive decline and leukocyte telomere length. Objective: To examine the association between changes in cognitive function during adult life and leukocyte telomere length after adjusting for confounding factors such as education, mental health and life style. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two groups of men with negative (n = 97) and positive (n = 93) change in cognitive performance were selected from a birth cohort of 1985 Danish men born in 1953. Cognitive performance of each individual was assessed at age ~20 and 56 years. Leukocyte telomere length at age ~58 was measured using qPCR. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between cognitive function and leukocyte telomere length. Results: Men with negative change in cognitive performance during adult life had significantly shorter mean leukocyte telomere length than men with positive change in cognitive performance (unadjusted difference β = −0.09, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.02, p = 0.02). This association remained significant after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time activity, body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol (adjusted difference β = −0.09, 95% CI −0.17 to −0.01, p = 0.02) but was non-significant after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time activity, BMI, cholesterol, current cognitive function, depression and education (adjusted difference β = −0.07, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.01, p = 0.08). Conclusion and Relevance: Preclinical cognitive changes may be associated with leukocyte telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Rask
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - GlostrupGlostrup, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laila Bendix
- Pain Research Group, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Odense University Hospital Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Harbo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital Vejle, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, University of Copenhagen, Psychiatric Centre Glostrup Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin J Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - GlostrupGlostrup, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - GlostrupGlostrup, Denmark
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Liu XY, Shi T, Yin WN, Ren ZY, Deng YL, Chen SD. Interictal epileptiform discharges were associated with poorer cognitive performance in adult epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res 2016; 128:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Meusel LAC, Anderson ND, Parrott MD, Yuen W, Tchistiakova E, MacIntosh BJ, Feldman S, Greenwood CE. Brain Function Is Linked to LDL Cholesterol in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:e51-e55. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute; Baycrest Health Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew D. Parrott
- Rotman Research Institute; Baycrest Health Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - William Yuen
- Rotman Research Institute; Baycrest Health Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ekaterina Tchistiakova
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sid Feldman
- Baycrest Health Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Carol E. Greenwood
- Rotman Research Institute; Baycrest Health Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Stressful life events and leucocyte telomere length: Do lifestyle factors, somatic and mental health, or low grade inflammation mediate this relationship? Results from a cohort of Danish men born in 1953. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:248-253. [PMID: 27470228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to psychosocial stress is associated with increased risk of a number of somatic and mental disorders with relation to immune system functioning. We aimed to explore whether stressful events in early and recent life was associated with leucocyte telomere length (TL), which is assumed to reflect the accumulated burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring during the life course. We specifically aimed to address whether childhood constitutes a sensitive period and how much of the relation between stressful life events and TL is mediated through somatic and mental health, lifestyle, and markers of low-grade inflammation. A cohort of Danish men born in 1953 has been followed since birth in the Metropolit Cohort. These men underwent a health examination including blood sampling in 2010 and a subset of 324 also had a quantitative PCR-based measurement of TL. The relation between stressful life events and TL was analysed using structural equation modelling, which also provided an estimate of the proportion of the total effect mediated by somatic and mental health (cardiovascular disease, body mass and depressive mood), lifestyle factors, and low grade inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10). Total number of stressful events experienced during the life course was not associated with TL. In terms of sensitive periods, we found that number of stressful events in childhood was associated with shorter TL (βper number stressful events in childhood=-0.02(SE=-0.02); P=0.05). This relation was particularly strong for being placed away from home (β=-0.16; P<0.000). Thirty percent of the total effect of stressful events in childhood on TL was mediated by the included variables, with the largest proportion being mediated through depressive mood (16%) and CRP (9%). This study suggests that stressful events in childhood are associated with shorter TL in middle-aged men and that part of this relation is explained by depressive mood and low grade inflammation.
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Rao JA, Kassel MT, Weldon AL, Avery ET, Briceno EM, Mann M, Cornett B, Kales HC, Zubieta JK, Welsh RC, Langenecker SA, Weisenbach SL. The double burden of age and major depressive disorder on the cognitive control network. Psychol Aging 2016; 30:475-85. [PMID: 26030776 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor cognitive control (CC) is common among older individuals with major depressive disorder (OMDD). At the same time, studies of CC in OMDD with fMRI are relatively limited and often have small samples. The present study was conducted to further examine poor CC in OMDD with early onset depression, as well as to investigate the interactive effects of MDD and aging on cognitive control. Twenty OMDD, 17 older never-depressed comparisons (ONDC), 16 younger adults with MDD (YMDD), and 18 younger never-depressed comparisons (YNDC) participated. All participants completed the Go level of the Parametric Go/No-Go Test, which requires sustained attention and inhibitory control while undergoing functional MRI (fMRI). YNDC were faster in reaction times (RTs) to go targets relative to the other 3 groups, and the YMDD group was faster than the OMDD group. fMRI effects of both age and diagnosis were present, with greater activation in MDD, and in aging. Additionally, the interaction of age and MDD was also significant, such that OMDD exhibited greater recruitment of fronto-subcortical regions relative to older comparisons. These results are consistent with prior research reporting that OMDD recruit more fronto-striatal regions in order to perform at the same level as their never-depressed peers, here on a task of sustained attention and inhibitory control. There may be an interaction of cognitive aging and depression to create a double burden on the CC network in OMDD, including possible fronto-striatal compensation during CC that is unique to OMDD, as younger MDD individuals do not show this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Anne L Weldon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Erich T Avery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Emily M Briceno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Megan Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Bridget Cornett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
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Sørensen CE, Tritsaris K, Reibel J, Lauritzen M, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Pedersen AML. Elevated p16ink4a Expression in Human Labial Salivary Glands as a Potential Correlate of Cognitive Aging in Late Midlife. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152612. [PMID: 27029014 PMCID: PMC4814104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p16ink4a, is one of the two gene products of the ink4a/ARF (cdkn2a) locus on chromosome 9q21. Up-regulation of p16ink4a has been linked to cellular senescence, and findings from studies on different mammalian tissues suggest that p16ink4a may be a biomarker of organismal versus chronological age. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the immunolocalization pattern of p16ink4a in human labial salivary gland (LSG) tissue, and to analyze whether its expression level in LSGs is a peripheral correlate of cognitive decline in late midlife. METHODS The present study was a part of a study of causes and predictors of cognitive decline in middle-aged men in a Danish birth cohort. It is based on data from 181 male participants from the Danish Metropolit birth cohort, born in 1953, who were examined for age-associated alterations in cognition, dental health, and morphological and autonomic innervation characteristics of the LSGs. The participants were allocated to two groups based on the relative change in cognitive performance from young adulthood to late midlife. LSG biopsies were analyzed by qRT-PCR for the expression level of p16ink4a. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of LSGs. RESULTS p16ink4a immunoreactivity was observed in LSG ductal, myoepithelial, and stromal cells, but not in acinar cells. The mean relative expression of p16ink4a in LSGs was higher in the group of participants with decline in cognitive performance. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the relative p16 expression was predictive of the participant's group assignment. A negative correlation was found between relative p16ink4a expression and the participant's standardized regression residuals from early adulthood to late midlife cognitive performance scores. CONCLUSIONS p16ink4a expression in human LSGs may constitute a potential peripheral correlate of cognitive decline. Human labial salivary glands seem suitable for studies on organismal as opposed to chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Elisabeth Sørensen
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katerina Tritsaris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reibel
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark and Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Universities of Aarhus, Southern Denmark and Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Soares JM, Marques P, Magalhães R, Santos NC, Sousa N. The association between stress and mood across the adult lifespan on default mode network. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:101-112. [PMID: 26971253 PMCID: PMC5225218 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging of brain structure and function is a complex process characterized by high inter- and intra-individual variability. Such variability may arise from the interaction of multiple factors, including exposure to stressful experience and mood variation, across the lifespan. Using a multimodal neuroimaging and neurocognitive approach, we investigated the association of stress, mood and their interaction, in the structure and function of the default mode network (DMN), both during rest and task-induced deactivation, throughout the adult lifespan. Data confirmed a decreased functional connectivity (FC) and task-induced deactivation of the DMN during the aging process and in subjects with lower mood; on the contrary, an increased FC was observed in subjects with higher perceived stress. Surprisingly, the association of aging with DMN was altered by stress and mood in specific regions. An increased difficulty to deactivate the DMN was noted in older participants with lower mood, contrasting with an increased deactivation in individuals presenting high stress, independently of their mood levels, with aging. Interestingly, this constant interaction across aging was globally most significant in the combination of high stress levels with a more depressed mood state, both during resting state and task-induced deactivations. The present results contribute to characterize the spectrum of FC and deactivation patterns of the DMN, highlighting the crucial association of stress and mood levels, during the adult aging process. These combinatorial approaches may help to understand the heterogeneity of the aging process in brain structure and function and several states that may lead to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadine Correia Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal. .,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
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Xu G, Cao Z, Shariff M, Gu P, Nguyen T, Zhou T, Shi R, Rao J. Effects of G.H.3. On mental symptoms and health-related quality of life among older adults: results of a three-month follow-Up study in Shanghai, China. Nutr J 2016; 15:9. [PMID: 26813677 PMCID: PMC4729140 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of daily use of Gerovital H3 (G.H.3.) tablets on relieving mental symptoms and improving health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults population. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, totally 100 eligible participants were randomly allocated into the G.H.3. group or the placebo group, administered either G.H.3. or placebo tablets and were followed up for three months. All of the participants were required to report their subjective feelings about quality of life, low mood, and anxiety by filling out Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 scale). Physicians were responsible for evaluating the related mental health indications through physical examinations at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period. RESULTS Participants were men and women between 50 and 89 years of age, with a median of 62.53 years. Before the intervention, the demographic characteristics and the baseline SF-36 scores, low mood, and anxiety statuses were comparable (p > 0.05). After the 12-week intervention, the scores of role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), mental health (MH) and health transition (HT), mental composite score (MCS) of the G.H.3. group were higher than the placebo group (p < 0.05), There were no significant differences in other domains in SF-36 and PCS between the two groups(p > 0.05), the scores of SDS and SAS in the G.H.3. group were both lower than the placebo group(p < 0.01), the prevalence rates of low moods in the G.H.3. group and the placebo group were 20.8 % and 34.0 % respectively, no significant difference was found (χ (2) =2.127,p = 0.145), while the prevalence rate of clinical anxiety concerns in the G.H.3. group was 2.1 %, which was significantly lower than the placebo group, 22.0 % (χ (2) =9.040,p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Preliminarily use of G.H.3. shows positive effects in supporting mental health and improving general health and well-being while promoting the recovery of cognitive function among older adults. Most of SF-36 domains including PF, RP, BP, GH, VT, RE, MH, and HT, as well as the overall quality of life in MCS might benefit from taking G.H.3. tablets. Average levels of low moods and anxiety concerns were both reduced and the prevalence rate of clinical anxiety concerns were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochun Cao
- Jiaxing Community Health Service Center, Hongkou District Shanghai, China
| | - Mina Shariff
- Department of Research, DRM Resources, 1683, Sunflower Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
| | - Pingping Gu
- Department of Research, DRM Resources, 1683, Sunflower Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
| | - Tuong Nguyen
- Department of Research, DRM Resources, 1683, Sunflower Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
| | - Tian Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, in UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Waller KL, Mortensen EL, Avlund K, Osler M, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Jennum P. Subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in late midlife and their association with age-related changes in cognition. Sleep Med 2016; 17:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sørensen L, Igel C, Liv Hansen N, Osler M, Lauritzen M, Rostrup E, Nielsen M. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using MRI hippocampal texture. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:1148-61. [PMID: 26686837 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduction in hippocampal volume in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is unknown whether hippocampal texture changes in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that does not have a change in hippocampal volume. We tested the hypothesis that hippocampal texture has association to early cognitive loss beyond that of volumetric changes. The texture marker was trained and evaluated using T1-weighted MRI scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, and subsequently applied to score independent data sets from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (Metropolit). Hippocampal texture was superior to volume reduction as predictor of MCI-to-AD conversion in ADNI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.74 vs. 0.67; DeLong test, p = 0.005), and provided even better prognostic results in AIBL (AUC 0.83). Hippocampal texture, but not volume, correlated with Addenbrooke's cognitive examination score (Pearson correlation, r = -0.25, p < 0.001) in the Metropolit cohort. The hippocampal texture marker correlated with hippocampal glucose metabolism as indicated by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (Pearson correlation, r = -0.57, p < 0.001). Texture statistics remained significant after adjustment for volume in all cases, and the combination of texture and volume did not improve diagnostic or prognostic AUCs significantly. Our study highlights the presence of hippocampal texture abnormalities in MCI, and the possibility that texture may serve as a prognostic neuroimaging biomarker of early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Sørensen
- The Image Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomediq A/S, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- The Image Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Liv Hansen
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Nielsen
- The Image Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomediq A/S, Denmark
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Turner GR, Spreng RN. Prefrontal Engagement and Reduced Default Network Suppression Co-occur and Are Dynamically Coupled in Older Adults: The Default-Executive Coupling Hypothesis of Aging. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:2462-76. [PMID: 26351864 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced executive control is a hallmark of neurocognitive aging. Poor modulation of lateral pFC activity in the context of increasing task challenge in old adults and a "failure to deactivate" the default network during cognitive control tasks have been observed. Whether these two patterns represent discrete mechanisms of neurocognitive aging or interact into older adulthood remains unknown. We examined whether altered pFC and default network dynamics co-occur during goal-directed planning over increasing levels of difficulty during performance on the Tower of London task. We used fMRI to investigate task- and age-related changes in brain activation and functional connectivity across four levels of task challenge. Frontoparietal executive control regions were activated and default network regions were suppressed during planning relative to counting performance in both groups. Older adults, unlike young, failed to modulate brain activity in executive control and default regions as planning demands increased. Critically, functional connectivity analyses revealed bilateral dorsolateral pFC coupling in young adults and dorsolateral pFC to default coupling in older adults with increased planning complexity. We propose a default-executive coupling hypothesis of aging. First, this hypothesis suggests that failure to modulate control and default network activity in response to increasing task challenge are linked in older adulthood. Second, functional brain changes involve greater coupling of lateral pFC and the default network as cognitive control demands increase in older adults. We speculate that these changes reflect an adaptive shift in cognitive approach as older adults come to rely more upon stored representations to support goal-directed task performance.
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Scheller E, Minkova L, Leitner M, Klöppel S. Attempted and successful compensation in preclinical and early manifest neurodegeneration - a review of task FMRI studies. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:132. [PMID: 25324786 PMCID: PMC4179340 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several models of neural compensation in healthy aging have been suggested to explain brain activity that aids to sustain cognitive function. Applying recently suggested criteria of "attempted" and "successful" compensation, we reviewed existing literature on compensatory mechanisms in preclinical Huntington's disease (HD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Both disorders constitute early stages of neurodegeneration ideal for examining compensatory mechanisms and developing targeted interventions. We strived to clarify whether compensation criteria derived from healthy aging populations can be applied to early neurodegeneration. To concentrate on the close coupling of cognitive performance and brain activity, we exclusively addressed task fMRI studies. First, we found evidence for parallels in compensatory mechanisms between healthy aging and neurodegenerative disease. Several studies fulfilled criteria of attempted compensation, while reports of successful compensation were largely absent, which made it difficult to conclude on. Second, comparing working memory studies in preclinical HD and aMCI, we identified similar compensatory patterns across neurodegenerative disorders in lateral and medial prefrontal cortex. Such patterns included an inverted U-shaped relationship of neurodegeneration and compensatory activity spanning from preclinical to manifest disease. Due to the lack of studies systematically targeting all criteria of compensation, we propose an exemplary study design, including the manipulation of compensating brain areas by brain stimulation. Furthermore, we delineate the benefits of targeted interventions by non-invasive brain stimulation, as well as of unspecific interventions such as physical activity or cognitive training. Unambiguously detecting compensation in early neurodegenerative disease will help tailor interventions aiming at sustained overall functioning and delayed clinical disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scheller
- Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center (FBI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lora Minkova
- Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center (FBI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Leitner
- Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center (FBI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center (FBI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sørensen CE, Larsen JO, Reibel J, Lauritzen M, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Pedersen AML. Associations between xerostomia, histopathological alterations, and autonomic innervation of labial salivary glands in men in late midlife. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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