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Wu X, Guo Y, Xue J, Dong Y, Sun Y, Wang B, Xiang J, Liu Y. Abnormal and Changing Information Interaction in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Network Motifs. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1331. [PMID: 37759932 PMCID: PMC10526475 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Network motif analysis approaches provide insights into the complexity of the brain's functional network. In recent years, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to result in abnormal information interactions in macro- and micro-scale functional networks. However, most existing studies remain limited due to potentially ignoring meso-scale topology information. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate functional motif patterns in ADHD to unravel the underlying information flow and analyze motif-based node roles to characterize the different information interaction methods for identifying the abnormal and changing lesion sites of ADHD. The results showed that the interaction functions of the right hippocampus and the right amygdala were significantly increased, which could lead patients to develop mood disorders. The information interaction of the bilateral thalamus changed, influencing and modifying behavioral results. Notably, the capability of receiving information in the left inferior temporal and the right lingual gyrus decreased, which may cause difficulties for patients in processing visual information in a timely manner, resulting in inattention. This study revealed abnormal and changing information interactions based on network motifs, providing important evidence for understanding information interactions at the meso-scale level in ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Yuxiang Guo
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Jiayue Xue
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Yanqing Dong
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Yumeng Sun
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
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2
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Ji Y, Zhang Y, Shi H, Jiao Z, Wang SH, Wang C. Constructing Dynamic Brain Functional Networks via Hyper-Graph Manifold Regularization for Mild Cognitive Impairment Classification. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:669345. [PMID: 33867931 PMCID: PMC8047143 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.669345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain functional networks (BFNs) constructed via manifold regularization (MR) have emerged as a powerful tool in finding new biomarkers for brain disease diagnosis. However, they only describe the pair-wise relationship between two brain regions, and cannot describe the functional interaction between multiple brain regions, or the high-order relationship, well. To solve this issue, we propose a method to construct dynamic BFNs (DBFNs) via hyper-graph MR (HMR) and employ it to classify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. First, we construct DBFNs via Pearson's correlation (PC) method and remodel the PC method as an optimization model. Then, we use k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm to construct the hyper-graph and obtain the hyper-graph manifold regularizer based on the hyper-graph. We introduce the hyper-graph manifold regularizer and the L1-norm regularizer into the PC-based optimization model to optimize DBFNs and obtain the final sparse DBFNs (SDBFNs). Finally, we conduct classification experiments to classify MCI subjects from normal subjects to verify the effectiveness of our method. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better classification performance compared with other state-of-the-art methods, and the classification accuracy (ACC), the sensitivity (SEN), the specificity (SPE), and the area under the curve (AUC) reach 82.4946 ± 0.2827%, 77.2473 ± 0.5747%, 87.7419 ± 0.2286%, and 0.9021 ± 0.0007, respectively. This method expands the MR method and DBFNs with more biological significance. It can effectively improve the classification performance of DBFNs for MCI, and has certain reference value for the research and auxiliary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ji
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhuqing Jiao
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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3
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Jiang X, Zhang T, Zhang S, Kendrick KM, Liu T. Fundamental functional differences between gyri and sulci: implications for brain function, cognition, and behavior. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:23-41. [PMID: 38665307 PMCID: PMC10939337 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains. Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function, cognition, and behavior. Therefore, a precise mapping between the anatomy and function of the brain is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain structural architecture in both health and diseases. Gyri and sulci, the standard nomenclature for cortical anatomy, serve as building blocks to make up complex folding patterns, providing a window to decipher cortical anatomy and its relation with brain functions. Huge efforts have been devoted to this research topic from a variety of disciplines including genetics, cell biology, anatomy, neuroimaging, and neurology, as well as involving computational approaches based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. However, despite increasing progress, our understanding of the functional anatomy of gyro-sulcal patterns is still in its infancy. In this review, we present the current state of this field and provide our perspectives of the methodologies and conclusions concerning functional differentiation between gyri and sulci, as well as the supporting information from genetic, cell biology, and brain structure research. In particular, we will further present a proposed framework for attempting to interpret the dynamic mechanisms of the functional interplay between gyri and sulci. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive summary of anatomo-functional relationships in the cortical gyro-sulcal system together with a consideration of how these contribute to brain function, cognition, and behavior, as well as to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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4
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Jiang X, Ma X, Geng Y, Zhao Z, Zhou F, Zhao W, Yao S, Yang S, Zhao Z, Becker B, Kendrick KM. Intrinsic, dynamic and effective connectivity among large-scale brain networks modulated by oxytocin. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117668. [PMID: 33359350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin is a key modulator of social-emotional behavior and its intranasal administration can influence the functional connectivity of brain networks involved in the control of attention, emotion and reward reported in humans. However, no studies have systematically investigated the effects of oxytocin on dynamic or directional aspects of functional connectivity. The present study employed a novel computational framework to investigate these latter aspects in 15 oxytocin-sensitive regions using data from randomized placebo-controlled between-subject resting state functional MRI studies incorporating 200 healthy subjects. In order to characterize the temporal dynamics, the 'temporal state' was defined as a temporal segment of the whole functional MRI signal which exhibited a similar functional interaction pattern among brain regions of interest. Results showed that while no significant effects of oxytocin were found on brain temporal state related characteristics (including temporal state switching frequency, probability of transitions between neighboring states, and averaged dwell time on each state) oxytocin extensively (n = 54 links) modulated effective connectivity among the 15 regions. The effects of oxytocin were primarily characterized by increased effective connectivity both between and within emotion, reward, salience, attention and social cognition processing networks and their interactions with the default mode network. Top-down control over emotional processing regions such as the amygdala was particularly affected. Oxytocin also increased effective homotopic interhemispheric connectivity in almost all these regions. Additionally, the effects of oxytocin on effective connectivity were sex-dependent, being more extensive in males. Overall, these findings suggest that modulatory effects of oxytocin on both within- and between-network interactions may underlie its functional influence on social-emotional behaviors, although in a sex-dependent manner. These findings may be of particular relevance to potential therapeutic use of oxytocin in psychiatric disorders associated with social dysfunction, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, where directionality of treatment effects on causal interactions between networks may be of key importance .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yayuan Geng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongbo Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Iraji A, Faghiri A, Lewis N, Fu Z, Rachakonda S, Calhoun VD. Tools of the trade: estimating time-varying connectivity patterns from fMRI data. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 16:849-874. [PMID: 32785604 PMCID: PMC8343585 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the dynamic nature of the brain, there has always been a motivation to move beyond 'static' functional connectivity, which characterizes functional interactions over an extended period of time. Progress in data acquisition and advances in analytical neuroimaging methods now allow us to assess the whole brain's dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) and its network-based analog, dynamic functional network connectivity at the macroscale (mm) using fMRI. This has resulted in the rapid growth of analytical approaches, some of which are very complex, requiring technical expertise that could daunt researchers and neuroscientists. Meanwhile, making real progress toward understanding the association between brain dynamism and brain disorders can only be achieved through research conducted by domain experts, such as neuroscientists and psychiatrists. This article aims to provide a gentle introduction to the application of dFC. We first explain what dFC is and the circumstances under which it can be used. Next, we review two major categories of analytical approaches to capture dFC. We discuss caveats and considerations in dFC analysis. Finally, we walk readers through an openly accessible toolbox to capture dFC properties and briefly review some of the dynamic metrics calculated using this toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Noah Lewis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Srinivas Rachakonda
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Guan S, Jiang R, Bian H, Yuan J, Xu P, Meng C, Biswal B. The Profiles of Non-stationarity and Non-linearity in the Time Series of Resting-State Brain Networks. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:493. [PMID: 32595440 PMCID: PMC7300942 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The linearity and stationarity of fMRI time series need to be understood due to their important roles in the choice of approach for brain network analysis. In this paper, we investigated the stationarity and linearity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) time-series data from the Midnight Scan Club datasets. The degree of stationarity (DS) and the degree of non-linearity (DN) were, respectively, estimated for the time series of all gray matter voxels. The similarity and difference between the DS and DN were assessed in terms of voxels and intrinsic brain networks, including the visual network, somatomotor network, dorsal attention network, ventral attention network, limbic network, frontoparietal network, and default-mode network. The test-retest scans were utilized to quantify the reliability of DS and DN. We found that DS and DN maps had overlapping spatial distribution. Meanwhile, the probability density estimate function of DS had a long tail, and that of DN had a more normal distribution. Specifically, stronger DS was present in the somatomotor, limbic, and ventral attention networks compared to other networks, and stronger DN was found in the somatomotor, visual, limbic, ventral attention, and default-mode networks. The percentage of overlapping voxels between DS and DN in different networks demonstrated a decreasing trend in the order default mode, ventral attention, somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, visual, and limbic. Furthermore, the ICC values of DS were higher than those of DN. Our results suggest that different functional networks have distinct properties of non-stationarity and non-linearity owing to the complexity of rs-fMRI time series. Thus, caution should be taken when analyzing fMRI data (both resting-state and task-activation) using simplified models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Runzhou Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haikuo Bian
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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7
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Kaboodvand N, Iravani B, Fransson P. Dynamic synergetic configurations of resting-state networks in ADHD. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116347. [PMID: 31715256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by high distractibility and impaired executive functions. Notably, there is mounting evidence suggesting that ADHD could be regarded as a default mode network (DMN) disorder. In particular, failure in regulating the dynamics of activity and interactions of the DMN and cognitive control networks have been hypothesized as the main source of task interference causing attentional problems. On the other hand, previous studies indicated pronounced fluctuations in the strength of functional connections over time, particularly for the inter-network connections between the DMN and fronto-parietal control networks. Hence, characterization of connectivity disturbances in ADHD requires a thorough assessment of time-varying functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we proposed a dynamical systems perspective to assess how the DMN over time recruits different configurations of network segregation and integration. Specifically, we were interested in configurations for which both intra- and inter-network connections are retained, as opposed to commonly used methods which assess network segregation as a single measure. From resting-state fMRI data, we extracted three different stable configurations of FC patterns for the DMN, namely synergies. We provided evidence supporting our hypothesis that ADHD differs compared to controls, both in terms of recruitment rate and topology of specific synergies between resting-state networks. In addition, we found a relationship between synergetic cooperation patterns of the DMN with cognitive control networks and a behavioral measure which is sensitive to ADHD-related symptoms, namely the Stroop color-word task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kaboodvand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Behzad Iravani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cao B, Chen Y, Yu R, Chen L, Chen P, Weng Y, Chen Q, Song J, Xie Q, Huang R. Abnormal dynamic properties of functional connectivity in disorders of consciousness. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:102071. [PMID: 31795053 PMCID: PMC6881656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used to research abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, most studies assumed steady spatial-temporal signal interactions between distinct brain regions during the scan period. The aim of this study was to explore abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in DOC patients. After excluding 26 patients' data that failed to meet the requirements of imaging quality, we retained 19 DOC patients (12 with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and 7 in a minimally conscious state, diagnosed with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised [CRS-R]) for the dFC analysis. We used the sliding windows approach to construct dFC matrices. Then these matrices were clustered into distinct states using the k-means clustering algorithm. We found that the DOC patients showed decreased dFC in the sensory and somatomotor networks compared with the healthy controls. There were also significant differences in temporal properties, the mean dwell time (MDT) and the number of transitions (NT), between the DOC patients and the healthy controls. In addition, we also used a hidden Markov model (HMM) to test the robustness of the results. With the connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) approach, we found that the properties of abnormal dynamic network can be used to predict the CRS-R scores of the patients after severe brain injury. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the abnormal brain networks in DOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Cao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Ronghao Yu
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Neurorehabilitation, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihe Weng
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qinyuan Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jie Song
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qiuyou Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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9
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Kunert-Graf JM, Eschenburg KM, Galas DJ, Kutz JN, Rane SD, Brunton BW. Extracting Reproducible Time-Resolved Resting State Networks Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:75. [PMID: 31736734 PMCID: PMC6834549 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state networks (RSNs) extracted from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans are believed to reflect the intrinsic organization and network structure of brain regions. Most traditional methods for computing RSNs typically assume these functional networks are static throughout the duration of a scan lasting 5-15 min. However, they are known to vary on timescales ranging from seconds to years; in addition, the dynamic properties of RSNs are affected in a wide variety of neurological disorders. Recently, there has been a proliferation of methods for characterizing RSN dynamics, yet it remains a challenge to extract reproducible time-resolved networks. In this paper, we develop a novel method based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to extract networks from short windows of noisy, high-dimensional fMRI data, allowing RSNs from single scans to be resolved robustly at a temporal resolution of seconds. After validating the method on a synthetic dataset, we analyze data from 120 individuals from the Human Connectome Project and show that unsupervised clustering of DMD modes discovers RSNs at both the group (gDMD) and the single subject (sDMD) levels. The gDMD modes closely resemble canonical RSNs. Compared to established methods, sDMD modes capture individualized RSN structure that both better resembles the population RSN and better captures subject-level variation. We further leverage this time-resolved sDMD analysis to infer occupancy and transitions among RSNs with high reproducibility. This automated DMD-based method is a powerful tool to characterize spatial and temporal structures of RSNs in individual subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J. Galas
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J. Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Math, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Swati D. Rane
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bingni W. Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Li X, Guo N, Li Q. Functional Neuroimaging in the New Era of Big Data. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:393-401. [PMID: 31809864 PMCID: PMC6943787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade, thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts. Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging, with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks: data collection and sharing, data infrastructure construction, and data analysis methods. The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives, database descriptions, methodology developments, and technical details. We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed, and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community. Furthermore, based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries, we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure, methodology development toward improved learning capability, and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ning Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Quanzheng Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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11
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Wang H, Zhao S, Dong Q, Cui Y, Chen Y, Han J, Xie L, Liu T. Recognizing Brain States Using Deep Sparse Recurrent Neural Network. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2019; 38:1058-1068. [PMID: 30369441 PMCID: PMC6508593 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2877576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain activity is a dynamic combination of different sensory responses and thus brain activity/state is continuously changing over time. However, the brain's dynamical functional states recognition at fast time-scales in task fMRI data have been rarely explored. In this paper, we propose a novel 5-layer deep sparse recurrent neural network (DSRNN) model to accurately recognize the brain states across the whole scan session. Specifically, the DSRNN model includes an input layer, one fully-connected layer, two recurrent layers, and a softmax output layer. The proposed framework has been tested on seven task fMRI data sets of Human Connectome Project. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that the proposed DSRNN model can accurately identify the brain's state in different task fMRI data sets and significantly outperforms other auto-correlation methods or non-temporal approaches in the dynamic brain state recognition accuracy. In general, the proposed DSRNN offers a new methodology for basic neuroscience and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Bio-medical Engineering & Instrument Science,
Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,
Xi’an, 710072, China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of
Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia,
Athens, GA, 30602 USA
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Bio-medical Engineering & Instrument Science,
Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yaowu Chen
- College of Bio-medical Engineering & Instrument Science,
Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,
Xi’an, 710072, China
| | - Li Xie
- College of Bio-medical Engineering & Instrument Science,
Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of
Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia,
Athens, GA, 30602 USA (corresponding author; phone: (706) 542-3478;
)
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12
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Wang H, Xie K, Lian Z, Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xie L, Tsien J, Liu T. Large-Scale Circuitry Interactions Upon Earthquake Experiences Revealed by Recurrent Neural Networks. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:2115-2125. [PMID: 30296236 PMCID: PMC6298947 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2872919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain dynamics has recently received increasing interest due to its significant importance in basic and clinical neurosciences. However, due to inherent difficulties in both data acquisition and data analysis methods, studies on large-scale brain dynamics of mouse with local field potential (LFP) recording are very rare. In this paper, we did a series of works on modeling large-scale mouse brain dynamic activities responding to fearful earthquake. Based on LFP recording data from 13 brain regions that are closely related to fear learning and memory and the effective Bayesian connectivity change point model, we divided the response time series into four stages: "Before," "Earthquake," "Recovery," and "After." We first reported the changes in power and theta-gamma coupling during stage transitions. Then, a recurrent neural network model was designed to model the functional dynamics in these thirteen brain regions and six frequency bands in response to the fear stimulus. Interestingly, our results showed that the functional brain connectivities in theta and gamma bands exhibited distinct response processes: in theta band, there is a separated-united-separated alternation in whole-brain connectivity and a low-high-low change in connectivity strength; however, gamma bands have a united-separated-united transition and a high-low-high alternation in connectivity pattern and strength. In general, our results offer a novel perspective in studying functional brain dynamics under fearful stimulus and reveal its relationship to the brain's structural connectivity substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (
| | - Kun Xie
- The Brain Decoding Center, Banna Biomedical Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China; and Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA ()
| | - Zhichao Lian
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China ()
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China )
| | - Yaowu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Network Multimedia Technologies, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang University Embedded System Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Hangzhou, China ()
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Math and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA ()
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ()
| | - Joe Tsien
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA ()
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602 USA (phone: (706) 542-3478; )
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13
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Wang H, Xie K, Xie L, Li X, Li M, Lyu C, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu X, Tsien J, Liu T. Functional Brain Connectivity Revealed by Sparse Coding of Large-Scale Local Field Potential Dynamics. Brain Topogr 2018; 32:255-270. [PMID: 30341589 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of brain dynamics patterns has attracted increasing attention due to its fundamental significance in understanding the working mechanism of the brain. However, due to the lack of effective modeling methods, how the simultaneously recorded LFP can inform us about the brain dynamics remains a general challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel sparse coding based method to investigate brain dynamics of freely-behaving mice from the perspective of functional connectivity, using super-long local field potential (LFP) recordings from 13 distinct regions of the mouse brain. Compared with surrogate datasets, six and four reproducible common functional connectivities were discovered to represent the space of brain dynamics in the frequency bands of alpha and theta respectively. Modeled by a finite state machine, temporal transition framework of functional connectivities was inferred for each frequency band, and evident preference was discovered. Our results offer a novel perspective for analyzing neural recording data at such high temporal resolution and recording length, as common functional connectivities and their transition framework discovered in this work reveal the nature of the brain dynamics in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Li Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yaowu Chen
- Zhejiang University Embedded System Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Network Multimedia Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joe Tsien
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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14
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Wang XH, Jiao Y, Li L. Identifying individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11789. [PMID: 30087369 PMCID: PMC6081414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that emerges in school-age children. The diagnostic model based on neuroimaging features could be beneficial for ADHD in twofold: identifying individuals with ADHD and discovering the discriminative patterns for patients. The dynamic functional connectivity of ADHD remains unclear. Towards this end, 100 children with ADHD and 140 normal controls were obtained from the ADHD-200 Consortium. The raw features were derived from the temporal variability between intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) as well as the demographic and covariate variables. The diagnostic model was based on the support vector machines (SVMs). The performance of diagnostic model was analyzed using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and 10-folds cross-validations (CVs). The diagnostic model based on inter-ICN variability outperformed that based on inter-ICN functional connectivity and inter-ICN phase synchrony. The LOOCV achieved total accuracy of 78.75%, the sensitivity of 76%, and the specificity of 80.71%. The 10-folds CVs achieved average prediction accuracy of 75.54% ± 1.34%, average sensitivity of 70.5% ± 2.34%, and average specificity of 77.44% ± 1.47%. In addition, the discriminative patterns for ADHD were discovered using SVMs. The discriminative patterns confirmed with previous findings. In summary, individuals with ADHD could be identified through inter-ICN variability, which could be potential biomarkers for diagnostic model of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Heng Wang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lihua Li
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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15
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Keilholz S, Caballero-Gaudes C, Bandettini P, Deco G, Calhoun V. Time-Resolved Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and New Directions. Brain Connect 2018; 7:465-481. [PMID: 28874061 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data allows researchers to extract more information about brain function than traditional functional connectivity analysis, yet a number of challenges in data analysis and interpretation remain. This article briefly summarizes common methods for time-resolved analysis and presents some of the pressing issues and opportunities in the field. From there, the discussion moves to interpretation of the network dynamics observed with rs-fMRI and the role that rs-fMRI can play in elucidating the large-scale organization of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shella Keilholz
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Peter Bandettini
- 3 Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,4 Functional MRI Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gustavo Deco
- 5 Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain .,6 Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona, Spain.,7 Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig, Germany .,8 School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- 9 The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,10 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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16
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Xiao X, Liu B, Zhang J, Xiao X, Pan Y. An Optimized Method for Bayesian Connectivity Change Point Model. J Comput Biol 2017; 25:337-347. [PMID: 29185805 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain undergoes functional dynamic changes at all times. Investigating functional dynamics has been recently verified to be helpful for detecting psychological conditions and powerful for analyzing disease-related abnormalities of the brain. This article aims to detect functional dynamics. Specifically, we focus on how to effectively distinguish corresponding functional connectivity and change points from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. By combining Bayesian connectivity change point model (BCCPM), a modified genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to optimize the evolutionary procedure toward the most probable distributions of real change points in fMRI. We randomly initialize different binary indicator vectors to represent different distributions of change points. Each indicator vector represents an individual in GA, and together they form an initial population. Then we calculate Bayesian posterior probability and use it as the fitness of each individual. Finally, we evolve individuals of current generation toward the next higher fitness generation by a series of modified genetic operators. After several evolutionary procedures, individuals in the final generation may have outstanding fitness and the one with highest fitness can represent the most likely change point distribution in the corresponding fMRI data. Furthermore, the most probable change point distribution could be resolved. We test the optimized method for BCCPM on several synthesized data sets, and the experimental results verify that the proposed model produces higher accuracy results with lower time consumption. Also, we apply the new model to real block-designed task-based fMRI data set and excellent results are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Xiao
- 1 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang, China .,2 Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bing Liu
- 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jing Zhang
- 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xueli Xiao
- 2 Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yi Pan
- 2 Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Yuan J, Li X, Zhang J, Luo L, Dong Q, Lv J, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Zhang S, Zhang W, Liu T. Spatio-temporal modeling of connectome-scale brain network interactions via time-evolving graphs. Neuroimage 2017; 180:350-369. [PMID: 29102809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many recent literature studies have revealed interesting dynamics patterns of functional brain networks derived from fMRI data. However, it has been rarely explored how functional networks spatially overlap (or interact) and how such connectome-scale network interactions temporally evolve. To explore these unanswered questions, this paper presents a novel framework for spatio-temporal modeling of connectome-scale functional brain network interactions via two main effective computational methodologies. First, to integrate, pool and compare brain networks across individuals and their cognitive states under task performances, we designed a novel group-wise dictionary learning scheme to derive connectome-scale consistent brain network templates that can be used to define the common reference space of brain network interactions. Second, the temporal dynamics of spatial network interactions is modeled by a weighted time-evolving graph, and then a data-driven unsupervised learning algorithm based on the dynamic behavioral mixed-membership model (DBMM) is adopted to identify behavioral patterns of brain networks during the temporal evolution process of spatial overlaps/interactions. Experimental results on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) task fMRI data showed that our methods can reveal meaningful, diverse behavior patterns of connectome-scale network interactions. In particular, those networks' behavior patterns are distinct across HCP tasks such as motor, working memory, language and social tasks, and their dynamics well correspond to the temporal changes of specific task designs. In general, our framework offers a new approach to characterizing human brain function by quantitative description for the temporal evolution of spatial overlaps/interactions of connectome-scale brain networks in a standard reference space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jinhe Zhang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liao Luo
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jinglei Lv
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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18
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Thompson GJ. Neural and metabolic basis of dynamic resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 180:448-462. [PMID: 28899744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) as a technique showed much initial promise for use in psychiatric and neurological diseases where diagnosis and treatment were difficult. To realize this promise, many groups have moved towards examining "dynamic rsfMRI," which relies on the assumption that rsfMRI measurements on short time scales remain relevant to the underlying neural and metabolic activity. Many dynamic rsfMRI studies have demonstrated differences between clinical or behavioral groups beyond what static rsfMRI measured, suggesting a neurometabolic basis. Correlative studies combining dynamic rsfMRI and other physiological measurements have supported this. However, they also indicate multiple mechanisms and, if using correlation alone, it is difficult to separate cause and effect. Hypothesis-driven studies are needed, a few of which have begun to illuminate the underlying neurometabolic mechanisms that shape observed differences in dynamic rsfMRI. While the number of potential noise sources, potential actual neurometabolic sources, and methodological considerations can seem overwhelming, dynamic rsfMRI provides a rich opportunity in systems neuroscience. Even an incrementally better understanding of the neurometabolic basis of dynamic rsfMRI would expand rsfMRI's research and clinical utility, and the studies described herein take the first steps on that path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth J Thompson
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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19
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Atomic connectomics signatures for characterization and differentiation of mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:663-77. [PMID: 25355371 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, functional connectomics signatures have been shown to be a very valuable tool in characterizing and differentiating brain disorders from normal controls. However, if the functional connectivity alterations in a brain disease are localized within sub-networks of a connectome, then accurate identification of such disease-specific sub-networks is critical and this capability entails both fine-granularity definition of connectome nodes and effective clustering of connectome nodes into disease-specific and non-disease-specific sub-networks. In this work, we adopted the recently developed DICCCOL (dense individualized and common connectivity-based cortical landmarks) system as a fine-granularity high-resolution connectome construction method to deal with the first issue, and employed an effective variant of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to pinpoint disease-specific sub-networks, which we called atomic connectomics signatures in this work. We have implemented and applied this novel framework to two mild cognitive impairment (MCI) datasets from two different research centers, and our experimental results demonstrated that the derived atomic connectomics signatures can effectively characterize and differentiate MCI patients from their normal controls. In general, our work contributed a novel computational framework for deriving descriptive and distinctive atomic connectomics signatures in brain disorders.
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20
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Castellanos FX, Aoki Y. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:253-261. [PMID: 27713929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without an explicit task, i.e., resting state fMRI, of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is growing rapidly. Early studies were unaware of the vulnerability of this method to even minor degrees of head motion, a major concern in the field. Recent efforts are implementing various strategies to address this source of artifact along with a growing set of analytical tools. Availability of the ADHD-200 Consortium dataset, a large-scale multi-site repository, is facilitating increasingly sophisticated approaches. In parallel, investigators are beginning to explicitly test the replicability of published findings. In this narrative review, we sketch out broad, overarching hypotheses being entertained while noting methodological uncertainties. Current hypotheses implicate the interplay of default, cognitive control (frontoparietal) and attention (dorsal, ventral, salience) networks in ADHD; functional connectivities of reward-related and amygdala-related circuits are also supported as substrates for dimensional aspects of ADHD. Before these can be further specified and definitively tested, we assert the field must take on the challenge of mapping the "topography" of the analytical space, i.e., determining the sensitivities of results to variations in acquisition, analysis, demographic and phenotypic parameters. Doing so with openly available datasets will provide the needed foundation for delineating typical and atypical developmental trajectories of brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD when applied to large-scale multi-site prospective longitudinal studies such as the forthcoming Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xavier Castellanos
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
| | - Yuta Aoki
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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21
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Bayesian Inference for Functional Dynamics Exploring in fMRI Data. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3279050. [PMID: 27034708 PMCID: PMC4791514 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3279050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to review state-of-the-art Bayesian-inference-based methods applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Particularly, we focus on one specific long-standing challenge in the computational modeling of fMRI datasets: how to effectively explore typical functional interactions from fMRI time series and the corresponding boundaries of temporal segments. Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference which has been shown to be a powerful tool to encode dependence relationships among the variables with uncertainty. Here we provide an introduction to a group of Bayesian-inference-based methods for fMRI data analysis, which were designed to detect magnitude or functional connectivity change points and to infer their functional interaction patterns based on corresponding temporal boundaries. We also provide a comparison of three popular Bayesian models, that is, Bayesian Magnitude Change Point Model (BMCPM), Bayesian Connectivity Change Point Model (BCCPM), and Dynamic Bayesian Variable Partition Model (DBVPM), and give a summary of their applications. We envision that more delicate Bayesian inference models will be emerging and play increasingly important roles in modeling brain functions in the years to come.
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22
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Kim J, Pan W. Highly adaptive tests for group differences in brain functional connectivity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:625-39. [PMID: 26740916 PMCID: PMC4644249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and other technologies have been offering evidence and insights showing that altered brain functional networks are associated with neurological illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Exploring brain networks of clinical populations compared to those of controls would be a key inquiry to reveal underlying neurological processes related to such illnesses. For such a purpose, group-level inference is a necessary first step in order to establish whether there are any genuinely disrupted brain subnetworks. Such an analysis is also challenging due to the high dimensionality of the parameters in a network model and high noise levels in neuroimaging data. We are still in the early stage of method development as highlighted by Varoquaux and Craddock (2013) that “there is currently no unique solution, but a spectrum of related methods and analytical strategies” to learn and compare brain connectivity. In practice the important issue of how to choose several critical parameters in estimating a network, such as what association measure to use and what is the sparsity of the estimated network, has not been carefully addressed, largely because the answers are unknown yet. For example, even though the choice of tuning parameters in model estimation has been extensively discussed in the literature, as to be shown here, an optimal choice of a parameter for network estimation may not be optimal in the current context of hypothesis testing. Arbitrarily choosing or mis-specifying such parameters may lead to extremely low-powered tests. Here we develop highly adaptive tests to detect group differences in brain connectivity while accounting for unknown optimal choices of some tuning parameters. The proposed tests combine statistical evidence against a null hypothesis from multiple sources across a range of plausible tuning parameter values reflecting uncertainty with the unknown truth. These highly adaptive tests are not only easy to use, but also high-powered robustly across various scenarios. The usage and advantages of these novel tests are demonstrated on an Alzheimer's disease dataset and simulated data. Rigorous testing for genuinely altered functional networks between two groups The proposed tests are high powered and general across a wide range of scenarios. Data-driven penalized network estimation Data-driven choice between correlations and partial correlations to describe association Some key differences between network estimation and testing are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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23
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Kucyi A, Hove MJ, Biederman J, Van Dijk KR, Valera EM. Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3373-86. [PMID: 26109476 PMCID: PMC4562390 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly understood as a disorder of spontaneous brain-network interactions. The default mode network (DMN), implicated in ADHD-linked behaviors including mind-wandering and attentional fluctuations, has been shown to exhibit abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity (FC) within-network and with other networks (salience, dorsal attention and frontoparietal) in ADHD. Although the cerebellum has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD, it remains unknown whether cerebellar areas of the DMN (CerDMN) exhibit altered FC with cortical networks in ADHD. Here, 23 adults with ADHD and 23 age-, IQ-, and sex-matched controls underwent resting state fMRI. The mean time series of CerDMN areas was extracted, and FC with the whole brain was calculated. Whole-brain between-group differences in FC were assessed. Additionally, relationships between inattention and individual differences in FC were assessed for between-group interactions. In ADHD, CerDMN areas showed positive FC (in contrast to average FC in the negative direction in controls) with widespread regions of salience, dorsal attention and sensorimotor networks. ADHD individuals also exhibited higher FC (more positive correlation) of CerDMN areas with frontoparietal and visual network regions. Within the control group, but not in ADHD, participants with higher inattention had higher FC between CerDMN and regions in the visual and dorsal attention networks. This work provides novel evidence of impaired CerDMN coupling with cortical networks in ADHD and highlights a role of cerebro-cerebellar interactions in cognitive function. These data provide support for the potential targeting of CerDMN areas for therapeutic interventions in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kucyi
- Deparment of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
| | - Michael J. Hove
- Deparment of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Deparment of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
| | - Koene R.A. Van Dijk
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
- Department of Psychology, Harvard UniversityCenter for Brain ScienceCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Eve M. Valera
- Deparment of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusetts
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