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Wang B, Li M, Haihambo N, Qiu Z, Sun M, Guo M, Zhao X, Han C. Characterizing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using alpha-band activity in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). J Affect Disord 2024; 355:254-264. [PMID: 38561155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly based on the subjective evaluation by experienced psychiatrists using clinical scales. Hence, it is particularly important to find more objective biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and further treatment. Alpha-band activity (7-13 Hz) is the most prominent component in resting electroencephalogram (EEG), which is also thought to be a potential biomarker. Recent studies have shown the existence of multiple sub-oscillations within the alpha band, with distinct neural underpinnings. However, the specific contribution of these alpha sub-oscillations to the diagnosis and treatment of MDD remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we recorded the resting-state EEG from MDD and HC populations in both open and closed-eye state conditions. We also assessed cognitive processing using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). RESULTS We found that the MDD group showed significantly higher power in the high alpha range (10.5-11.5 Hz) and lower power in the low alpha range (7-8.5 Hz) compared to the HC group. Notably, high alpha power in the MDD group is negatively correlated with working memory performance in MCCB, whereas no such correlation was found in the HC group. Furthermore, using five established classification algorithms, we discovered that combining alpha oscillations with MCCB scores as features yielded the highest classification accuracy compared to using EEG or MCCB scores alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the potential of sub-oscillations within the alpha frequency band as a potential distinct biomarker. When combined with psychological scales, they may provide guidance relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zihan Qiu
- Avenues the World School Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Meirong Sun
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingrou Guo
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xixi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanliang Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Zhou W, Nan W, Xiong K, Ku Y. Alpha neurofeedback training improves visual working memory in healthy individuals. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:32. [PMID: 38637595 PMCID: PMC11026515 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) training is a closed-loop brain training in which participants learn to regulate their neural activation. NF training of alpha (8-12 Hz) activity has been reported to enhance working memory capacity, but whether it affects the precision in working memory has not yet been explored. Moreover, whether NF training distinctively influences performance in different types of working memory tasks remains unclear. Therefore, the present study conducted a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled experiment to investigate how alpha NF training affected the capacity and precision of working memory, as well as the related neural change. Forty participants were randomly and equally assigned to the NF group and the sham control group. Both groups received NF training (about 30 min daily) for five consecutive days. The NF group received alpha (8-12 Hz) training, while the sham control group received sham NF training. We found a significant alpha increase within sessions but no significant difference across sessions. However, the behavioral performance and neural activity in the modified Sternberg task did not show significant change after alpha NF training. On the contrary, the alpha NF training group significantly increased visual working memory capacity measured by the Corsi-block tapping task and improved visual working memory precision in the interference condition in a color-recall task. These results suggest that alpha NF training influences performance in working memory tasks involved in the visuospatial sketchpad. Notably, we demonstrated that alpha NF training improves the quantity and quality of visual working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaiwen Xiong
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Brain and Mental Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Nan W, Yang W, Gong A, Kadosh RC, Ros T, Fu Y, Wan F. Successful learning of alpha up-regulation through neurofeedback training modulates sustained attention. Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108804. [PMID: 38242318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
As a fundamental attention function, sustained attention plays a critical role in general cognitive abilities and is closely linked to EEG alpha oscillations. Neurofeedback training (NFT) of alpha activity on different aspects of attention has been studied previously. However, it remains unclear how NFT with up- or down-regulation directions modulates sustained attention. Here we employed a counterbalanced single-blind sham-controlled crossover design, in which healthy young adults underwent one NFT session of alpha up-regulation, one NFT session of alpha down-regulation, and one sham-control NFT session over the posterior area. The session order was counterbalanced with a 7-day interval between each session. After each NFT session, the participants completed a visual continuous temporal expectancy task (vCTET) to assess their sustained attention performance. The results showed that compared to sham-control NFT, successful learning of alpha up-regulation resulted in increased reaction time at the beginning of the attention task but a slower increase over vCTET blocks. On the other hand, successful learning of alpha down-regulation had no impact on attention performance compared to sham-control NFT. These findings suggest that successful learning of alpha up-regulation through NFT could impair initial attention performance but slow down visual attention deterioration over time, i.e., alpha enhancement by NFT stabilizing visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjie Yang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Tomas Ros
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yunfa Fu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Jackson LE, Han YJ, Evans LH. The efficacy of electroencephalography neurofeedback for enhancing episodic memory in healthy and clinical participants: A systematic qualitative review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105455. [PMID: 37926240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined whether electroencephalography neurofeedback (EEG-NF), a self-regulatory technique where an individual receives real-time feedback on a pattern of brain activity that is theoretically linked to a target behaviour, can enhance episodic memory. The aim of this research was to i) provide a qualitative overview of the literature, and ii) conduct a meta-analysis of appropriately controlled studies to determine whether EEG-NF can enhance episodic memory. The literature search returned 46 studies, with 21 studies (44 effect sizes) meeting the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The qualitative overview revealed that, across EEG-NF studies on both healthy and clinical populations, procedures and protocols vary considerably and many studies were insufficiently powered with inadequate design features. The meta-analysis, conducted on studies with an active control, revealed a small-size, significant positive effect of EEG-NF on episodic memory performance (g = 0.31, p = 0.003), moderated by memory modality and EEG-NF self-regulation success. These results are discussed with a view towards optimising EEG-NF training and subsequent benefits to episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Jackson
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
| | - Yi-Jhong Han
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, England, UK
| | - Lisa H Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
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Wang H, Hou Y, Zhan S, Li N, Liu J, Song P, Wang Y, Wang H. EEG Biofeedback Decreases Theta and Beta Power While Increasing Alpha Power in Insomniacs: An Open-Label Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1542. [PMID: 38002502 PMCID: PMC10670123 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia, often associated with anxiety and depression, is a prevalent sleep disorder. Biofeedback (BFB) treatment can help patients gain voluntary control over physiological events such as by utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) power. Previous studies have rarely predicted biofeedback efficacy by measuring the changes in relative EEG power; therefore, we investigated the clinical efficacy of biofeedback for insomnia and its potential neural mechanisms. We administered biofeedback to 82 patients with insomnia, of whom 68 completed 10 sessions and 14 completed 20 sessions. The average age of the participants was 49.38 ± 12.78 years, with 26 men and 56 women. Each biofeedback session consisted of 5 min of EMG and 30 min of EEG feedback, with 2 min of data recorded before and after the session. Sessions were conducted every other day, and four scale measures were taken before the first, fifth, and tenth sessions and after the twentieth session. After 20 sessions of biofeedback treatment, scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment (-5.5 ± 1.43,t = -3.85, p = 0.006), and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (-7.15 ± 2.43, t = -2.94, p = 0.012) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (STAI-S: -12.36 ± 3.40, t = -3.63, p = 0.003; and STAI-T: -9.86 ± 2.38, t = -4.41, p = 0.001) were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment. Beta and theta power were significantly reduced after treatment, compared with before treatment (F = 6.25, p = 0.014; and F = 11.91, p = 0.001). Alpha power was increased after treatment, compared with before treatment, but the difference was not prominently significant (p > 0.05). EMG activity was significantly decreased after treatment, compared with before treatment (F = 2.11, p = 0.015). Our findings suggest that BFB treatment based on alpha power and prefrontal EMG relieves insomnia as well as anxiety and depression and may be associated with increased alpha power, decreased beta and theta power, and decreased EMG power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Hebei Hospital of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Penghui Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Hebei Hospital of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Shen L, Jiang Y, Wan F, Ku Y, Nan W. Successful alpha neurofeedback training enhances working memory updating and event-related potential activity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107834. [PMID: 37757954 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is a promising method to self-regulate human brain activity for cognition enhancement. Due to the unclear results of alpha NF training on working memory updating as well as the impact of feedback modality on NF learning, this study aimed to understand further the underlying neural mechanism of alpha NF training effects on working memory updating, where the NF learning was also compared between visual and auditory feedback modalities. A total of 30 participants were assigned to Visual NF, Auditory NF, and Control groups. Working memory updating was evaluated by n-back (n =2,3) tasks before and after five alpha upregulation NF sessions. The result showed no significant difference in NF learning performance between the Visual and Auditory groups, indicating that the difference in feedback modality did not affect NF learning. In addition, compared to the control group, the participants who achieved successful NF learning showed a significant increase in n-back behavioral performance and P3a amplitude in 2-back and a significant decrease in P3a latency in 3-back. Our results in n-back further suggested that successful alpha NF training might improve updating performance in terms of the behavioral and related event-related potential (ERP) measures. These findings contribute to the understanding of the effect of alpha training on memory updating and the design of NF experimental protocol in terms of feedback modality selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yali Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Dinse HR, Höffken O, Tegenthoff M. Cortical excitability in human somatosensory and visual cortex: implications for plasticity and learning - a minireview. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1235487. [PMID: 37662638 PMCID: PMC10469727 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1235487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of excitation and inhibition plays a key role in plasticity and learning. A frequently used, reliable approach to assess intracortical inhibition relies on measuring paired-pulse behavior. Moreover, recent developments of magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows measuring GABA and glutamate concentrations. We give an overview about approaches employed to obtain information about excitatory states in human participants and discuss their putative relation. We summarize paired-pulse techniques and basic findings characterizing paired-pulse suppression in somatosensory (SI) and (VI) visual areas. Paired-pulse suppression describes the effect of paired sensory stimulation at short interstimulus intervals where the cortical response to the second stimulus is significantly suppressed. Simultaneous assessments of paired-pulse suppression in SI and VI indicated that cortical excitability is not a global phenomenon, but instead reflects the properties of local sensory processing. We review studies using non-invasive brain stimulation and perceptual learning experiments that assessed both perceptual changes and accompanying changes of cortical excitability in parallel. Independent of the nature of the excitation/inhibition marker used these data imply a close relationship between altered excitability and altered performance. These results suggest a framework where increased or decreased excitability is linked with improved or impaired perceptual performance. Recent findings have expanded the potential role of cortical excitability by demonstrating that inhibition markers such as GABA concentrations, paired-pulse suppression or alpha power predict to a substantial degree subsequent perceptual learning outcome. This opens the door for a targeted intervention where subsequent plasticity and learning processes are enhanced by altering prior baseline states of excitability.
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Chikhi S, Matton N, Sanna M, Blanchet S. Mental strategies and resting state EEG: Effect on high alpha amplitude modulation by neurofeedback in healthy young adults. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108521. [PMID: 36801435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NFB) is a brain-computer interface which allows individuals to modulate their brain activity. Despite the self-regulatory nature of NFB, the effectiveness of strategies used during NFB training has been little investigated. In a single session of NFB training (6*3 min training blocks) with healthy young participants, we experimentally tested if providing a list of mental strategies (list group, N = 46), compared with a group receiving no strategies (no list group, N = 39), affected participants' neuromodulation ability of high alpha (10-12 Hz) amplitude. We additionally asked participants to verbally report the mental strategies used to enhance high alpha amplitude. The verbatim was then classified in pre-established categories in order to examine the effect of type of mental strategy on high alpha amplitude. First, we found that giving a list to the participants did not promote the ability to neuromodulate high alpha activity. However, our analysis of the specific strategies reported by learners during training blocks revealed that cognitive effort and recalling memories were associated with higher high alpha amplitude. Furthermore, the resting amplitude of trained high alpha frequency predicted an amplitude increase during training, a factor that may optimize inclusion in NFB protocols. The present results also corroborate the interrelation with other frequency bands during NFB training. Although these findings are based on a single NFB session, our study represents a further step towards developing effective protocols for high alpha neuromodulation by NFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Chikhi
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Nadine Matton
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5263), Toulouse, France; ENAC, École Nationale d'Aviation Civile, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Sanna
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sophie Blanchet
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
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Chen X, Sui L. Alpha band neurofeedback training based on a portable device improves working memory performance of young people. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Uslu S, Vögele C. The more, the better? Learning rate and self-pacing in neurofeedback enhance cognitive performance in healthy adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1077039. [PMID: 36733608 PMCID: PMC9887027 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1077039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Real time electroencephalogram (EEG) based neurofeedback has been shown to be effective in regulating brain activity, thereby modifying cognitive performance and behavior. Nevertheless, individual variations in neurofeedback learning rates limit the overall efficacy of EEG based neurofeedback. In the present study we investigated the effects of learning rate and control over training realized by self-pacing on cognitive performance and electrocortical activity. Using a double-blind design, we randomly allocated 60 participants to either individual upper alpha (IUA) or sham neurofeedback and subsequently to self- or externally paced training. Participants receiving IUA neurofeedback improved their IUA activity more than participants receiving sham neurofeedback. Furthermore, the learning rate predicted enhancements in resting-state activity and mental rotation ability. The direction of this linear relationship depended on the neurofeedback condition being positive for IUA and negative for sham neurofeedback. Finally, self-paced training increased higher-level cognitive skills more than externally paced training. These results underpin the important role of learning rate in enhancing both resting-state activity and cognitive performance. Our design allowed us to differentiate the effect of learning rate between neurofeedback conditions, and to demonstrate the positive effect of self-paced training on cognitive performance in IUA neurofeedback.
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Shaw SB, Nicholson AA, Ros T, Harricharan S, Terpou B, Densmore M, Theberge J, Frewen P, Lanius RA. Increased top-down control of emotions during symptom provocation working memory tasks following a RCT of alpha-down neurofeedback in PTSD. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103313. [PMID: 36669352 PMCID: PMC9868881 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been found to be associated with emotion under-modulation from the prefrontal cortex and a breakdown of the top-down control of cognition and emotion. Novel adjunct therapies such as neurofeedback (NFB) have been shown to normalize aberrant neural circuits that underlie PTSD psychopathology at rest. However, little evidence exists for NFB-linked neural improvements under emotionally relevant cognitive load. The current study sought to address this gap by examining the effects of alpha-down NFB in the context of an emotional n-back task. METHODS We conducted a 20-week double-blind randomized, sham-controlled trial of alpha-down NFB and collected neuroimaging data before and after the NFB protocol. Participants performed an emotional 1-back and 2-back working memory task, with interleaved trauma-neutral and trauma-relevant cues in the fMRI scanner. Data from 35 participants with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were analyzed in this study (n = 18 in the experimental group undergoing alpha-down NFB, n = 17 in the sham-control group). RESULTS Firstly, within-group analyses showed clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptom severity scores at the post-intervention timepoint and 3-month follow-up for the experimental group, and not for the sham-control group. The neuroimaging analyses revealed that alpha-down NFB enhanced engagement of top-down cognitive and emotional control centers, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and improved integration of the anterior and posterior parts of the default mode network (DMN). Finally, our results also indicate that increased alpha-down NFB performance correlated with increased activity in brain regions involved in top-down control and bodily consciousness/embodied processing of self (TPJ and posterior insula). CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide mechanistic insights into how NFB may normalize dysfunctional brain activity and connectivity in PTSD under cognitive load with simultaneous symptom provocation, adding to a growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic neuromodulatory effects of NFB. This preliminary study highlights the benefits of alpha-down NFB training as an adjunctive therapy for PTSD and warrants further investigation into its therapeutic effects on cognitive and emotion control in those with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhaskar Shaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute (HRI), Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrew A Nicholson
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada; Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas Ros
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sherain Harricharan
- Homewood Research Institute (HRI), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden Terpou
- Homewood Research Institute (HRI), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Theberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute (HRI), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Enz N, Schmidt J, Nolan K, Mitchell M, Alvarez Gomez S, Alkayyali M, Cambay P, Gippert M, Whelan R, Ruddy K. Self-regulation of the brain's right frontal Beta rhythm using a brain-computer interface. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14115. [PMID: 35652562 PMCID: PMC9786254 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations, or brain rhythms, fluctuate in a manner reflecting ongoing behavior. Whether these fluctuations are instrumental or epiphenomenal to the behavior remains elusive. Attempts to experimentally manipulate neural oscillations exogenously using noninvasive brain stimulation have shown some promise, but difficulty with tailoring stimulation parameters to individuals has hindered progress in this field. We demonstrate here using electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback in a brain-computer interface that human participants (n = 44) learned over multiple sessions across a 6-day period to self-regulate their Beta rhythm (13-20 Hz), either up or down, over the right inferior frontal cortex. Training to downregulate Beta was more effective than training to upregulate Beta. The modulation was evident only during neurofeedback task performance but did not lead to offline alteration of Beta rhythm characteristics at rest, nor to changes in subsequent cognitive behavior. Likewise, a control group (n = 38) who underwent training to up or downregulate the Alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) did not exhibit behavioral changes. Although the right frontal Beta rhythm has been repeatedly implicated as a key component of the brain's inhibitory control system, the present data suggest that its manipulation offline prior to cognitive task performance does not result in behavioral change in healthy individuals. Whether this form of neurofeedback training could serve as a useful therapeutic target for disorders with dysfunctional inhibitory control as their basis remains to be tested in a context where performance is abnormally poor and neural dynamics are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Enz
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Jemima Schmidt
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Kate Nolan
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Sandra Alvarez Gomez
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Miryam Alkayyali
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Pierce Cambay
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Magdalena Gippert
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Global Brain Health InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Kathy Ruddy
- School of Psychology, Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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13
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Yeh WH, Ju YJ, Liu YT, Wang TY. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Neurofeedback Training of Theta Activity on Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Healthy Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11037. [PMID: 36078752 PMCID: PMC9517899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) of theta activity on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in healthy participants via a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 337 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 11 articles met the criteria for meta-analysis after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. A meta-analysis calculating the Hedges' g effect size metric with 95% confidence intervals using random effects models was employed. Heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistics. Theta NFT is effective in improving memory outcomes, including WM with a Hedges' g of 0.56 [0.10; 1.02] (I2 = 62.9% and p = 0.02), and EM with a Hedges' g of 0.62 [0.13; 1.10] (I2 = 42.04% and p = 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that theta NFT seems to be useful as nonpharmacological/adjunct training to improve WM and EM in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiu Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Ju
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Doctorate of Nursing Practice Program, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Nan W, Wan M, Jiang Y, Shi X, Wan F, Cai D. Alpha/Theta Ratio Neurofeedback Training for Attention Enhancement in Normal Developing Children: A Brief Report. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:223-229. [PMID: 35691974 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Attention plays an important role in children's development and learning, and neurofeedback training (NFT) has been proposed as a promising method to improve attention, mainly in population with attention problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, whether this approach has a positive effect on attention in normal developing children has been rarely investigated. This pilot study conducted ten sessions of alpha/theta ratio (ATR) NFT on eight primary students in school environment, with two to three sessions per week. The results showed inter-individual difference in NFT learning efficacy that was assessed by the slope of ATR over training sessions. In addition, the attention performance was significantly improved after NFT. Importantly, the improvement of attention performance was positively correlated with the NFT learning efficacy. It thus highlighted the need for optimizing ATR NFT protocol for the benefits on attention at the individual level. Future work can employ a double-blind placebo-controlled design with larger sample size to validate the benefits of ATR NFT for attention in normal developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Zhou Q, Cheng R, Yao L, Ye X, Xu K. Neurofeedback Training of Alpha Relative Power Improves the Performance of Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:831995. [PMID: 35463935 PMCID: PMC9026187 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.831995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant variation in performance in motor imagery (MI) tasks impedes their wide adoption for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Previous researchers have found that resting-state alpha-band power is positively correlated with MI-BCI performance. In this study, we designed a neurofeedback training (NFT) protocol based on the up-regulation of the alpha band relative power (RP) to investigate its effect on MI-BCI performance. The principal finding of this study is that alpha NFT could successfully help subjects increase alpha-rhythm power and improve their MI-BCI performance. An individual difference was also found in this study in that subjects who increased alpha power more had a better performance improvement. Additionally, the functional connectivity (FC) of the frontal-parietal (FP) network was found to be enhanced after alpha NFT. However, the enhancement failed to reach a significant level after multiple comparisons correction. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological mechanism of cognitive control through alpha regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Cheng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Ye
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Xiangming Ye,
| | - Kedi Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kedi Xu,
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16
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The Effect of Alpha Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Adults. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of long-term alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) in healthy adults using music stimuli. The optimal protocol for future research is presented in this study. The data from 40 healthy participants, divided into two groups (NFT group and Control group), were analyzed in the current study. We found a significantly enhanced alpha rhythm after training in the NFT group which was not observed in the control group. The immediate subsequent effects were greater in more than 80% of the sessions from the initial recordings. Stroop task and behavioral questionnaires, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), and perceived stress scale (PSS) did not reveal any training-specific changes. Within-training session effects were significant from the baseline and were more pronounced at the beginning of the session as compared to the end of the session. It is also observed that a shorter session length with multiple sessions may be more effective than a long and continuous run of a single session.
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Jiang Y, Jessee W, Hoyng S, Borhani S, Liu Z, Zhao X, Price LK, High W, Suhl J, Cerel-Suhl S. Sharpening Working Memory With Real-Time Electrophysiological Brain Signals: Which Neurofeedback Paradigms Work? Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:780817. [PMID: 35418848 PMCID: PMC8995767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.780817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the idea that the ultimate biofeedback is to reward sensory pleasure (e.g., enhanced visual clarity) in real-time to neural circuits that are associated with a desired performance, such as excellent memory retrieval. Neurofeedback is biofeedback that uses real-time sensory reward to brain activity associated with a certain performance (e.g., accurate and fast recall). Working memory is a key component of human intelligence. The challenges are in our current limited understanding of neurocognitive dysfunctions as well as in technical difficulties for closed-loop feedback in true real-time. Here we review recent advancements of real time neurofeedback to improve memory training in healthy young and older adults. With new advancements in neuromarkers of specific neurophysiological functions, neurofeedback training should be better targeted beyond a single frequency approach to include frequency interactions and event-related potentials. Our review confirms the positive trend that neurofeedback training mostly works to improve memory and cognition to some extent in most studies. Yet, the training typically takes multiple weeks with 2-3 sessions per week. We review various neurofeedback reward strategies and outcome measures. A well-known issue in such training is that some people simply do not respond to neurofeedback. Thus, we also review the literature of individual differences in psychological factors e.g., placebo effects and so-called "BCI illiteracy" (Brain Computer Interface illiteracy). We recommend the use of Neural modulation sensitivity or BCI insensitivity in the neurofeedback literature. Future directions include much needed research in mild cognitive impairment, in non-Alzheimer's dementia populations, and neurofeedback using EEG features during resting and sleep for memory enhancement and as sensitive outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Lexington Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - William Jessee
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stevie Hoyng
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Soheil Borhani
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ziming Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lacey K. Price
- Lexington Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Walter High
- New Mexico Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jeremiah Suhl
- Lexington Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sylvia Cerel-Suhl
- Lexington Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
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Equivalent current dipole sources of neurofeedback training-induced alpha activity through temporal/spectral analytic techniques. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264415. [PMID: 35213609 PMCID: PMC8880644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work in alpha NFT has focused on evaluating changes in alpha amplitude. However, the generation mechanism of training-induced alpha activity has not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to identify sources of training-induced alpha activity through four temporal/spectral analytic techniques, i.e., the max peak average (MPA), positive average (PA), negative average (NA) and event-related spectral perturbation average (ERSPA) methods. Thirty-five healthy participants were recruited into an alpha group receiving feedback of 8–12-Hz amplitudes, and twenty-eight healthy participants were recruited into a control group receiving feedback of random 4-Hz amplitudes from the range of 7 to 20 Hz. Twelve sessions were performed within 4 weeks (3 sessions per week). The control group had no change in the amplitude spectrum. In contrast, twenty-nine participants in the alpha group showed significant alpha amplitude increases exclusively and were identified as “responders”. A whole-head EEG was recorded for the “responders” after NFT. The epochs of training-induced alpha activity from whole-head EEG were averaged by four different methods for equivalent current dipole source analysis. High agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficients on dipole source localization between each method were observed, showing that the dipole clusters of training-induced alpha activity were consistently located in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and middle temporal gyrus. The residual variance (goodness of fit) for dipole estimation of the MPA was significantly smaller than that of the others. Our findings indicate that the precuneus, PCC and middle temporal gyrus play important roles in enhancing training-induced alpha activity. The four averaging methods (especially the MPA method) were suitable for investigating sources of brainwaves. Additionally, three dipoles can be used for dipole source analysis of training-induced alpha activity in future research, especially the training sites are around the central regions.
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19
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Sakurada T, Matsumoto M, Yamamoto SI. Individual Sensory Modality Dominance as an Influential Factor in the Prefrontal Neurofeedback Training for Spatial Processing: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:774475. [PMID: 35221936 PMCID: PMC8866872 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.774475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback is a neuromodulation technique used to improve brain function by self-regulating brain activity. However, the efficacy of neurofeedback training varies widely between individuals, and some participants fail to self-regulate brain activity. To overcome intersubject variation in neurofeedback training efficacy, it is critical to identify the factors that influence this type of neuromodulation. In this study, we considered that individual differences in cognitive ability may influence neurofeedback training efficacy and aimed to clarify the effect of individual working memory (WM) abilities, as characterized by sensory modality dominance, on neurofeedback training efficacy in healthy young adults. In particular, we focused on the abilities of individuals to retain internal (tactile or somatosensory) or external (visual) body information in their WM. Forty participants performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based neurofeedback training aimed at producing efficient and lower-level activity in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar cortex. We carried out a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study that compared WM ability before and after neurofeedback training. Individual WM ability was quantified using a target searching task that required the participants to retain spatial information presented as vibrotactile or visual stimuli. Participants who received feedback information based on their own prefrontal activity showed gradually decreasing activity in the right prefrontal area during the neurofeedback training and demonstrated superior WM ability during the target searching task with vibrotactile stimuli compared with the participants who performed dummy neurofeedback training. In comparison, left prefrontal activity was not influenced by the neurofeedback training. Furthermore, the efficacy of neurofeedback training (i.e., lower right prefrontal activity and better searching task performance) was higher in participants who exhibited tactile dominance rather than visual dominance in their WM. These findings indicate that sensory modality dominance in WM may be an influential neurophysiological factor in determining the efficacy of neurofeedback training. These results may be useful in the development of neurofeedback training protocols tailored to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurada
- Department of Robotics, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takeshi Sakurada,
| | - Mayuko Matsumoto
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Soleimani G, Kupliki R, Bodurka J, Paulus M, Ekhtiari H. How structural and functional MRI can inform dual-site tACS parameters: A case study in a clinical population and its pragmatic implications. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:337-351. [PMID: 35042056 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in frontoparietal network (FPN) were observed in many neuropsychiatric diseases including substance use disorders. A growing number of studies are using dual-site-tACS with frontoparietal synchronization to engage this network. However, a computational pathway to inform and optimize parameter space for frontoparietal synchronization is still lacking. In this case study, in a group of participants with methamphetamine use disorders, we proposed a computational pathway to extract optimal electrode montage while accounting for stimulation intensity using structural and functional MRI. METHODS Sixty methamphetamine users completed an fMRI drug cue-reactivity task. Four main steps were taken to define electrode montage and adjust stimulation intensity using 4x1 high-definition (HD) electrodes for a dual-site-tACS; (1) Frontal seed was defined based on the maximum electric fields (EF) predicted by simulation of HD montage over DLPFC (F3/F4 in EEG 10-20), (2) frontal seed-to-whole brain context-dependent correlation was calculated to determine connected regions to frontal seeds, (3) center of connected cluster in parietal cortex was selected as a location for placing the second set of HD electrodes to shape the informed montage, (4) individualized head models were used to determine optimal stimulation intensity considering underlying brain structure. The informed montage was compared to montages with large electrodes and classic frontoparietal HD montages (F3-P3/F4-P4) in terms of tACS-induced EF and ROI-to-ROI task-based/resting-state connectivity. RESULTS Compared to the large electrodes, HD frontoparietal montages allow for a finer control of the spatial peak fields in the main nodes of the FPN at the cost of lower maximum EF (large-pad/HD: max EF[V/m] = 0.37/0.11, number of cortical sub-regions that EF exceeds 50% of the max = 77/13). For defining stimulation targets based on EF patterns, using group-level head models compared to a single standard head model results in comparable but significantly different seed locations (6.43mm Euclidean distance between the locations of the frontal maximum EF in standard-space). As expected, significant task-based/resting-state connections were only found between frontal-parietal locations in the informed montage. Cue-induced craving score was correlated with frontoparietal connectivity only in the informed montage (r = -0.24). Stimulation intensity in the informed montage, and not in the classic HD montage, needs 40% reduction in the parietal site to reduce the disparity in EF between sites. CONCLUSION This study provides some empirical insights to montage and dose selection in dual-site-tACS using individual brain structures and functions and proposes a computational pathway to use head models and functional MRI to define (1) optimum electrode montage for targeting FPN in a context of interest (drug-cue-reactivity) and (2) proper transcranial stimulation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rayus Kupliki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
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21
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Conklin BD. Spectral characteristics of visual working memory in the monkey frontoparietal network. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Fernández-Alvarez J, Grassi M, Colombo D, Botella C, Cipresso P, Perna G, Riva G. Efficacy of bio- and neurofeedback for depression: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2022; 52:201-216. [PMID: 34776024 PMCID: PMC8842225 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, biofeedback and neurofeedback have been implemented in the treatment of depression. However, the effectiveness of these techniques on depressive symptomatology is still controversial. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies extracted from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. METHODS Two different strings were considered for each of the two objectives of the study: A first group comprising studies patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a second group including studies targeting depressive symptomatology reduction in other mental or medical conditions. RESULTS In the first group of studies including patients with MDD, the within-group analyses yielded an effect size of Hedges' g = 0.717, while the between-group analysis an effect size of Hedges' g = 1.050. Moderator analyses indicate that treatment efficacy is only significant when accounting for experimental design, in favor of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in comparison to non RCTs, whereas the type of neurofeedback, trial design, year of publication, number of sessions, age, sex and quality of study did not influence treatment efficacy. In the second group of studies, a small but significant effect between groups was found (Hedges' g = 0.303) in favor of bio- and neurofeedback against control groups. Moderator analyses revealed that treatment efficacy was not moderated by any of the sociodemographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback and neurofeedback are associated with a reduction in self-reported depression. Despite the fact that the field has still a large room for improvement in terms of research quality, the results presented in this study suggests that both modalities may become relevant complementary strategies for the treatment of MDD and depressive symptomatology in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - M. Grassi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, FoRiPsi, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - C. Botella
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, CB06/03 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G. Perna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, FoRiPsi, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - G. Riva
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Validation of eyes-closed resting alpha amplitude predicting neurofeedback learning of upregulation alpha activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19615. [PMID: 34608244 PMCID: PMC8490456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback training (NFT) enables users to learn self-control of EEG activity of interest and then to create many benefits on cognitive function. A considerable number of nonresponders who fail to achieve successful NFT have often been reported in the within-session prediction. This study aimed to investigate successful EEG NFT of upregulation alpha activity in terms of trainability, independence, and between-session predictability validation. Forty-six participants completed 12 training sessions. Spectrotemporal analysis revealed the upregulation success on brain activity of 8-12 Hz exclusively to demonstrate trainability and independence of alpha NFT. Three learning indices of between-session changes exhibited significant correlations with eyes-closed resting state (ECRS) alpha amplitude before the training exclusively. Through a stepwise linear discriminant analysis, the prediction model of ECRS's alpha frequency band amplitude exhibited the best accuracy (89.1%) validation regarding the learning index of increased alpha amplitude on average. This study performed a systematic analysis on NFT success, the performance of the 3 between-session learning indices, and the validation of ECRS alpha activity for responder prediction. The findings would assist researchers in obtaining insight into the training efficacy of individuals and then attempting to adapt an efficient strategy in NFT success.
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Viviani G, Vallesi A. EEG-neurofeedback and executive function enhancement in healthy adults: A systematic review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13874. [PMID: 34117795 PMCID: PMC8459257 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG)-neurofeedback training (NFT) is a promising technique that supports individuals in learning to modulate their brain activity to obtain cognitive and behavioral improvements. EEG-NFT is gaining increasing attention for its potential "peak performance" applications on healthy individuals. However, evidence for clear cognitive performance enhancements with healthy adults is still lacking. In particular, whether EEG-NFT represents an effective technique for enhancing healthy adults' executive functions is still controversial. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review is to assess whether the existing EEG-NFT studies targeting executive functions have provided reliable evidence for NFT effectiveness. To this end, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the literature since the limited number of retrieved studies did not allow us meta-analytical comparisons. Moreover, a second aim was to identify optimal frequencies as NFT targets for specifically improving executive functions. Overall, our systematic review provides promising evidence for NFT effectiveness in boosting healthy adults' executive functions. However, more rigorous NFT studies are required in order to overcome the methodological weaknesses that we encountered in our qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Viviani
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- IRCCS San Camillo HospitalVeniceItaly
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25
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Tseng YH, Tamura K, Okamoto T. Neurofeedback training improves episodic and semantic long-term memory performance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17274. [PMID: 34446791 PMCID: PMC8390655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and improving memory are vital to enhance human life. Theta rhythm is associated with memory consolidation and coding, but the trainability and effects on long-term memory of theta rhythm are unknown. This study investigated the ability to improve long-term memory using a neurofeedback (NFB) technique reflecting the theta/low-beta power ratio on an electroencephalogram (EEG). Our study consisted of three stages. First, the long-term memory of participants was measured. In the second stage, the participants in the NFB group received 3 days of theta/low-beta NFB training. In the third stage, the long-term memory was measured again. The NFB group had better episodic and semantic long-term memory than the control group and significant differences in brain activity between episodic and semantic memory during the recall tests were revealed. These findings suggest that it is possible to improve episodic and semantic long-term memory abilities through theta/low-beta NFB training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Tseng
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kaori Tamura
- grid.418051.90000 0000 8774 3245Faculty of Information Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okamoto
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka Japan
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26
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Orendáčová M, Kvašňák E. Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Neurofeedback on Alpha (EEG) Dynamics: A Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:628229. [PMID: 34305549 PMCID: PMC8297546 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.628229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and neurofeedback (NFB) are two different types of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, which can modulate brain activity and improve brain functioning. In this review, we compared the current state of knowledge related to the mechanisms of tACS and NFB and their effects on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity (online period/stimulation period) and on aftereffects (offline period/post/stimulation period), including the duration of their persistence and potential behavioral benefits. Since alpha bandwidth has been broadly studied in NFB and in tACS research, the studies of NFB and tACS in modulating alpha bandwidth were selected for comparing the online and offline effects of these two neuromodulation techniques. The factors responsible for variability in the responsiveness of the modulated EEG activity by tACS and NFB were analyzed and compared too. Based on the current literature related to tACS and NFB, it can be concluded that tACS and NFB differ a lot in the mechanisms responsible for their effects on an online EEG activity but they possibly share the common universal mechanisms responsible for the induction of aftereffects in the targeted stimulated EEG band, namely Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity. Many studies of both neuromodulation techniques report the aftereffects connected to the behavioral benefits. The duration of persistence of aftereffects for NFB and tACS is comparable. In relation to the factors influencing responsiveness to tACS and NFB, significantly more types of factors were analyzed in the NFB studies compared to the tACS studies. Several common factors for both tACS and NFB have been already investigated. Based on these outcomes, we propose several new research directions regarding tACS and NFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Orendáčová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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27
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Bu J, Liu C, Gou H, Gan H, Cheng Y, Liu M, Ni R, Liang Z, Cui G, Zeng GQ, Zhang X. A Novel Cognition-Guided Neurofeedback BCI Dataset on Nicotine Addiction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:647844. [PMID: 34295217 PMCID: PMC8290081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.647844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the traditional neurofeedback paradigm, the cognition-guided neurofeedback brain–computer interface (BCI) is a novel paradigm with significant effect on nicotine addiction. However, the cognition-guided neurofeedback BCI dataset is extremely lacking at present. This paper provides a BCI dataset based on a novel cognition-guided neurofeedback on nicotine addiction. Twenty-eight participants are recruited and involved in two visits of neurofeedback training. This cognition-guided neurofeedback includes two phases: an offline classifier construction and a real-time neurofeedback training. The original electroencephalogram (EEG) raw data of two phases are provided and evaluated in this paper. The event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and channel waveform suggest that our BCI dataset is of good quality and consistency. During neurofeedback training, the participants’ smoking cue reactivity patterns have a significant reduction. The mean accuracy of the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) classifier can reach approximately 70%. This novel cognition-guided neurofeedback BCI dataset can be used to develop comparisons with other neurofeedback systems and provide a reference for the development of other BCI algorithms and neurofeedback paradigms on addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Bu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huixing Gou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hefan Gan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanbao Cui
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ginger Qinghong Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Allaman L, Mottaz A, Guggisberg AG. Disrupted resting-state EEG alpha-band interactions as a novel marker for the severity of visual field deficits after brain lesion. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2101-2109. [PMID: 34284245 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homonymous visual field deficits (HFVDs) are frequent following brain lesions. Current restoration treatments aim at activating areas of residual vision through numerous stimuli, but show limited effect. Recent findings suggest that spontaneous neural α-band coupling is more efficient for enabling visual perception in healthy humans than task-induced activations. Here, we evaluated whether it is also associated with the severity of HFVD. METHODS Ten patients with HFVDs after brain damage in the subacute to chronic stage and ten matched healthy controls underwent visual stimulation with alternating checkerboards and electroencephalography recordings of stimulation-induced power changes and of spontaneous neural interactions during rest. RESULTS Visual areas of the affected hemisphere showed reduced event-related power decrease in α and β frequency bands, but also reduced spontaneous α-band interactions during rest, as compared to contralesional areas and healthy controls. A multivariate stepwise regression retained the degree of disruption of spontaneous interactions, but not the reduced task-induced power changes as predictor for the severity of the visual deficit. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous α-band interactions of visual areas appear as a better marker for the severity of HFVDs than task-induced activations. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment attempts of HFVDs should try to enhance spontaneous α-band coupling of structurally intact ipsilesional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Allaman
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Mottaz
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Adrian G Guggisberg
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.
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Israsena P, Jirayucharoensak S, Hemrungrojn S, Pan-Ngum S. Brain Exercising Games With Consumer-Grade Single-Channel Electroencephalogram Neurofeedback: Pre-Post Intervention Study. JMIR Serious Games 2021; 9:e26872. [PMID: 34128816 PMCID: PMC8277357 DOI: 10.2196/26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aging population is one of the major challenges affecting societies worldwide. As the proportion of older people grows dramatically, so does the number of age-related illnesses such as dementia-related illnesses. Preventive care should be emphasized as an effective tool to combat and manage this situation. Objective The aim of this pilot project was to study the benefits of using neurofeedback-based brain training games for enhancing cognitive performance in the elderly population. In particular, aiming for practicality, the training games were designed to operate with a low-cost consumer-grade single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) headset that should make the service scalable and more accessible for wider adoption such as for home use. Methods Our training system, which consisted of five brain exercise games using neurofeedback, was serviced at 5 hospitals in Thailand. Participants were screened for cognitive levels using the Thai Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Those who passed the criteria were further assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) computerized cognitive assessment battery. The physiological state of the brain was also assessed using 16-channel EEG. After 20 sessions of training, cognitive performance and EEG were assessed again to compare pretraining and posttraining results. Results Thirty-five participants completed the training. CANTAB results showed positive and significant effects in the visual memory (delayed matching to sample [percent correct] P=.04), attention (median latency P=.009), and visual recognition (spatial working memory [between errors] P=.03) domains. EEG also showed improvement in upper alpha activity in a resting state (open-eyed) measured from the occipital area (P=.04), which similarly indicated improvement in the cognitive domain (attention). Conclusions Outcomes of this study show the potential use of practical neurofeedback-based training games for brain exercise to enhance cognitive performance in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasin Israsena
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suwicha Jirayucharoensak
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Solaphat Hemrungrojn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Cognitive Fitness Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Setha Pan-Ngum
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Musical Auditory Alpha Wave Neurofeedback: Validation and Cognitive Perspectives. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 46:323-334. [PMID: 33929674 PMCID: PMC8553721 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback through visual, auditory, or tactile sensations improves cognitive functions and alters the activities of daily living. However, some people, such as children and the elderly, have difficulty concentrating on neurofeedback for a long time. Constant stressless neurofeedback for a long time may be achieved with auditory neurofeedback using music. The primary purpose of this study was to clarify whether music-based auditory neurofeedback increases the power of the alpha wave in healthy subjects. During neurofeedback, white noise was superimposed on classical music, with the noise level inversely correlating with normalized alpha wave power. This was a single-blind, randomized control crossover trial in which 10 healthy subjects underwent, in an assigned order, normal and random feedback (NF and RF), either of which was at least 4 weeks long. Cognitive functions were evaluated before, between, and after each neurofeedback period. The secondary purpose was to assess neurofeedback-induced changes in cognitive functions. A crossover analysis showed that normalized alpha-power was significantly higher in NF than in RF; therefore, music-based auditory neurofeedback facilitated alpha wave induction. A composite category-based analysis of cognitive functions revealed greater improvements in short-term memory in subjects whose alpha-power increased in response to NF. The present study employed a long period of auditory alpha neurofeedback and achieved successful alpha wave induction and subsequent improvements in cognitive functions. Although this was a pilot study that validated a music-based alpha neurofeedback system for healthy subjects, the results obtained are encouraging for those with difficulty in concentrating on conventional alpha neurofeedback. Trial registration: 2018077NI, date of registration: 2018/11/27
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Esteves I, Nan W, Alves C, Calapez A, Melício F, Rosa A. An Exploratory Study of Training Intensity in EEG Neurofeedback. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8881059. [PMID: 33777137 PMCID: PMC7979284 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8881059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback training has shown benefits in clinical treatment and behavioral performance enhancement. Despite the wide range of applications, no consensus has been reached about the optimal training schedule. In this work, an EEG neurofeedback practical experiment was conducted aimed at investigating the effects of training intensity on the enhancement of the amplitude in the individual upper alpha band. We designed INTENSIVE and SPARSE training modalities, which differed regarding three essential aspects of training intensity: the number of sessions, the duration of a session, and the interval between sessions. Nine participants in the INTENSIVE group completed 4 sessions with 37.5 minutes each during consecutive days, while nine participants in the SPARSE group performed 6 sessions of 25 minutes spread over approximately 3 weeks. As a result, regarding the short-term effects, the upper alpha band amplitude change within sessions did not significantly differ between the two groups. Nonetheless, only the INTENSIVE group showed a significant increase in the upper alpha band amplitude. However, for the sustained effects across sessions, none of the groups showed significant changes in the upper alpha band amplitude across the whole course of training. The findings suggest that the progression within session is favored by the intensive design. Therefore, based on these findings, it is proposed that training intensity influences EEG self-regulation within sessions. Further investigations are needed to isolate different aspects of training intensity and effectively confirm if one modality globally outperforms the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Esteves
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Cristiana Alves
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Calapez
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Melício
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Rosa
- Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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The Current Evidence Levels for Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Interventions in Treating Depression: A Narrative Review. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8878857. [PMID: 33613671 PMCID: PMC7878101 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8878857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is aimed at showing the current level of evidence for the usage of biofeedback and neurofeedback to treat depression along with a detailed review of the studies in the field and a discussion of rationale for utilizing each protocol. La Vaque et al. criteria endorsed by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback and International Society for Neuroregulation & Research were accepted as a means of study evaluation. Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback was found to be moderately supportable as a treatment of MDD while outcome measure was a subjective questionnaire like Beck Depression Inventory (level 3/5, “probably efficacious”). Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback protocols, namely, alpha-theta, alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm upregulation, all qualify for level 2/5, “possibly efficacious.” Frontal alpha asymmetry protocol also received limited evidence of effect in depression (level 2/5, “possibly efficacious”). Finally, the two most influential real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback protocols targeting the amygdala and the frontal cortices both demonstrate some effectiveness, though lack replications (level 2/5, “possibly efficacious”). Thus, neurofeedback specifically targeting depression is moderately supported by existing studies (all fit level 2/5, “possibly efficacious”). The greatest complication preventing certain protocols from reaching higher evidence levels is a relatively high number of uncontrolled studies and an absence of accurate replications arising from the heterogeneity in protocol details, course lengths, measures of improvement, control conditions, and sample characteristics.
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Domingos C, Peralta M, Prazeres P, Nan W, Rosa A, Pereira JG. Session Frequency Matters in Neurofeedback Training of Athletes. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 46:195-204. [PMID: 33528679 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurofeedback training has been an increasingly used technique and is taking its first steps in sport. Being at an embryonic stage, it is difficult to find consensus regarding the applied methodology to achieve the best results. This study focused on understanding one of the major methodological issues-the training session frequency. The aim of the investigation was to understand if there are differences between performing two sessions or three sessions per week in enhancement of alpha activity and improvement of cognition; and in case there are differences, infer the best protocol. Forty-five athletes were randomly assigned to the three-session-training-per-week group, the two-session-training-per-week group and a control group. The results showed that neurofeedback training with three sessions per week was more effective in increase of alpha amplitude during neurofeedback training than two sessions per week. Furthermore, only the three-session-per-week group showed significant enhancement in N-back and oddball performance after training. The findings suggested more condensed training protocol lead to better outcomes, providing guidance on neurofeedback protocol design in order to optimize training efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Domingos
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB - System and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Prazeres
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Agostinho Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB - System and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José G Pereira
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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34
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Yeh WH, Hsueh JJ, Shaw FZ. Neurofeedback of Alpha Activity on Memory in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:562360. [PMID: 33469422 PMCID: PMC7813983 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.562360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurofeedback training (NFT) has recently been proposed as a valuable technique for cognitive enhancement and psychiatric amelioration. However, effect of NFT of alpha activity on memory is controversial. The current study analyzed previous works in terms of randomized and blinded analyses, training paradigms, and participant characteristics to validate the efficacy of alpha NFT on memory in a healthy population. Objectives: A systematic meta-analysis of studies with randomized controlled trials was performed to explore the effect of alpha NFT on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in a healthy population. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 1999, to November 30, 2019. Previous studies were evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB). A meta-analysis calculating absolute weighted standardized mean difference (SMD) using random-effects models was employed. Heterogeneity was estimated using I 2 statistics. Funnel plots and Egger's test were performed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results: Sixteen studies with 217 healthy participants in the control group and 210 participants in the alpha group met the eligibility criteria. Alpha NFT studies with WM measures presented little publication bias (P = 0.116), and 5 of 7 domains in the Cochrane RoB exhibited a low risk of bias. The overall effect size from 14 WM studies was 0.56 (95% CI 0.31-0.81, P < 0.0001; I 2 = 28%). Six EM studies exhibited an effect size of 0.77 (95% CI 0.06-1.49, P = 0.03; I 2 = 77%). Conclusion: Meta-analysis results suggest that alpha NFT seems to have a positive effect on the WM and EM of healthy participants. Future efforts should focus on the neurophysiological mechanisms of alpha NFT in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiu Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jui Hsueh
- Mind Research and Imaging Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Mind Research and Imaging Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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35
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Peng W, Zhan Y, Jiang Y, Nan W, Kadosh RC, Wan F. Individual variation in alpha neurofeedback training efficacy predicts pain modulation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102454. [PMID: 33065472 PMCID: PMC7566954 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor alpha neurofeedback training effect on pain perception was assessed. Neurofeedback training decreased the sensory-discriminative aspect of pain. Neurofeedback training increased the affective-motivational aspect of pain. Pain modulation by neurofeedback training was dependent upon the training efficacy. Neurofeedback training efficacy predicted sensory-discriminative pain modulation.
Studies have shown an association between sensorimotor α-oscillation and pain perception. It suggests the potential use of neurofeedback (NFB) training for pain modulation through modifying sensorimotor α-oscillation. Here, a single-session NFB training protocol targeted on increasing sensorimotor α-oscillations was applied to forty-five healthy participants. Pain thresholds to nociceptive laser stimulations and pain ratings (intensity and unpleasantness) to identical laser painful stimulations were assessed immediately before and after NFB training. Participants had larger pain thresholds, but rated the identical painful laser stimulation as more unpleasant after NFB training. These pain measurements were further compared between participants with high or low NFB training efficacy that was quantified as the regression slope of α-oscillation throughout the ten training blocks. A significant increase in pain thresholds was observed among participants with high-efficacy; whereas a significant increase in pain ratings was observed among participants with low-efficacy. These results suggested that NFB training decreased the sensory-discriminative aspect of pain, but increased the affective-motivational aspect of pain, whereas both pain modulations were dependent upon the NFB training efficacy. Importantly, correlation analysis across all participants revealed that a greater NFB training efficacy predicted a greater increase in pain thresholds particularly at hand contralateral to NFB target site, but no significant correlation was observed between NFB training efficacy and modulation on pain ratings. It thus provided causal evidence for a link between sensorimotor α-oscillation and the sensory-discriminative aspect of pain, and highlighted the need for personalized neurofeedback for the benefits on pain modulation at the individual level. Future studies can adopt a double-blind sham-controlled protocol to validate NFB training induced pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Zhan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Nan W, Yang L, Wan F, Zhu F, Hu Y. Alpha down-regulation neurofeedback training effects on implicit motor learning and consolidation. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026014. [PMID: 32126528 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7c1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implicit motor learning, which is a non-conscious form of learning characterized by motor performance improvement with practice, plays an essential role in various daily activities. Earlier study using neurofeedback training (NFT), a type of brain-computer interaction that enables the user to learn self-regulating his/her own brain activity, demonstrated that down-regulating alpha over primary motor cortex by NFT could immediately facilitate the implicit motor learning in a relatively simple motor task. However, detailed effects on EEG and implicit motor learning due to NFT especially in a more complex motor task are still unclear. APPROACH We designed a single-blind sham-controlled between-subject study to examine whether alpha down-regulation NFT could facilitate implicit motor learning and also its consolidation in a more difficult and motor predominant task. At left primary motor cortex (C3) in two days, the alpha NFT group received alpha down-regulation training through auditory feedback while the sham-control group received random beta NFT. At the end of NFT, all participants performed the continuous tracking task with their dominant (right) hand to evaluate the implicit motor learning immediately. Finally, the continuous tracking task was performed again on the next day to assess consolidation effects. MAIN RESULTS The alpha NFT group successfully decreased alpha amplitude during NFT, whereas the sham-control group maintained alpha at a relatively stable level. There was unfortunately no statistical evidence proving that the alpha NFT group significantly enhanced the implicit motor learning at the end of NFT and the consolidation on the next day compared to the sham-control group. Nevertheless, a significant correlation was found between the alpha change trend during NFT and the implicit motor learning for all participants, suggesting that faster alpha down-regulation was associated with better implicit motor learning. SIGNIFICANCE The findings suggested a close link between implicit motor learning and alpha change induced by NFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau. Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
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Bucho T, Caetano G, Vourvopoulos A, Accoto F, Esteves I, I Badia SB, Rosa A, Figueiredo P. Comparison of Visual and Auditory Modalities for Upper-Alpha EEG-Neurofeedback .. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:5960-5966. [PMID: 31947205 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback (NF) training has been shown to produce long-lasting effects on the improvement of cognitive function as well as the normalization of aberrant brain activity in disease. However, the impact of the sensory modality used as the NF reinforcement signal on training effectiveness has not been systematically investigated. In this work, an EEG-based NF-training system was developed targeting the individual upper-alpha (UA) band and using either a visual or an auditory reinforcement signal, so as to compare the effects of the two sensory modalities. Sixteen healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to the Visual or Auditory group, where a radius-varying sphere or a volume-varying sound, respectively, reflected the relative amplitude of UA measured at EEG electrode Cz. Each participant underwent a total of four NF sessions, of approximately 40 min each, on consecutive days. Both groups showed significant increases in UA at Cz within sessions, and also across sessions. Effects subsequent to NF training were also found beyond the target frequency UA and scalp location Cz, namely in the lower-alpha and theta bands and in posterior brain regions, respectively. Only small differences were found on the EEG between the Visual and Auditory groups, suggesting that auditory reinforcement signals may be as effective as the more commonly used visual signals. The use of auditory NF may potentiate training protocols conducted under mobile conditions, which are now possible due to the increasing availability of wireless EEG systems.
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Efficacy of Neurofeedback Interventions for Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2020; 26:31-46. [PMID: 31983375 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interest in neurofeedback therapies (NFTs) has grown exponentially in recent years, encouraged both by escalating public interest and the financial support of health care funding agencies. Given NFTs' growing prevalence and anecdotally reported success in treating common effects of acquired brain injury (ABI), a systematic review of the efficacy of NFTs for the rehabilitation of ABI-related cognitive impairment is warranted. METHODS Eligible studies included adult samples (18+ years) with ABI, the use of neurofeedback technology for therapeutic purposes (as opposed to assessment), the inclusion of a meaningful control group/condition, and clear cognitive-neuropsychological outcomes. Initial automated search identified n = 86 candidate articles, however, only n = 4 studies met the stated eligibility criteria. RESULTS Results were inconsistent across studies and cognitive domains. Methodological and theoretical limitations precluded robust and coherent conclusions with respect to the cognitive rehabilitative properties of NFTs. We take the results of these systematic analyses as a reflection of the state of the literature at this time. These results offer a constructive platform to further discuss a number of methodological, theoretical, and ethical considerations relating to current and future NFT-ABI research and clinical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited quantity and quality of the available research, there appears to be insufficient evidence to comment on the efficacy of NFTs within an ABI rehabilitation context at this time. It is imperative that future work increase the level of theoretical and methodological rigour if meaningful advancements are to be made understanding and evaluating NFT-ABI applications.
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Neurofeedback training with a low-priced EEG device leads to faster alpha enhancement but shows no effect on cognitive performance: A single-blind, sham-feedback study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211668. [PMID: 31483789 PMCID: PMC6726238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Findings of recent studies indicate that it is possible to enhance cognitive capacities of healthy individuals by means of individual upper alpha neurofeedback training (NFT). Although these results are promising, most of this research was conducted based on high-priced EEG systems developed for clinical and research purposes. This study addresses the question whether such effects can also be shown with an easy to use and comparably low-priced Emotiv Epoc EEG headset available for the average consumer. In addition, critical voices were raised regarding the control group designs of studies addressing the link between neurofeedback training and cognitive performance. Based on an extensive literature review revealing considerable methodological issues in an important part of the existing research, the present study addressed the question whether individual upper alpha neurofeedback has a positive effect on alpha amplitudes (i.e. increases alpha amplitudes) and short-term memory performance focussing on a methodologically sound, single-blinded, sham controlled design. Method Participants (N = 33) took part in four test sessions over four consecutive days of either neurofeedback training (NFT group) or sham feedback (SF group). In the NFT group, five three-minute periods of visual neurofeedback training were administered each day whereas in the SF group (control group), the same amount of sham feedback was presented. Performance on eight digit-span tests as well as participants’ affective states were assessed before and after each of the daily training sessions. Results NFT did not show an effect on individual upper alpha and cognitive performance. While performance increased in both groups over the course of time, this effect could not be explained by changes in individual upper alpha. Additional analyses however revealed that participants in the NFT group showed faster and larger increase in alpha compared to the SF group. Surprisingly, exploratory analyses showed a significant correlation between the initial alpha level and the alpha improvement during the course of the study. This finding suggests that participants with high initial alpha levels benefit more from alpha NFT interventions. In the discussion, the appearance of the alpha enhancement in the SF group and possible reasons for the absence of a connection between NFT and short-term memory are addressed.
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Nan W, Dias APB, Rosa AC. Neurofeedback Training for Cognitive and Motor Function Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: Two Case Reports. Front Neurol 2019; 10:800. [PMID: 31396152 PMCID: PMC6668042 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating neurological condition which usually results in the abnormal electrical brain activity and the impairment of sensation, motor, or cognition functions. In this context, neurofeedback training, i.e., a non-invasive and relatively low cost technique that contributes to neuroplasticity and behavioral performance, might be promising for stroke rehabilitation. We intended to explore neurofeedback training on a 63-year-old male patient and a 77-year-old female patient with chronic stroke. Both of them had suffered from an ischemic stroke for rather long period (more than 3 years) and could not gain further improvement by traditional therapy. The neurofeedback training was designed to enhance alpha activity by 15 sessions distributed over 2 months, for the purpose of overall cognitive improvement and hopefully also motor function improvement for the female patient. We found that the two patients showed alpha enhancement during NFT compared to eyes open baseline within most sessions. Furthermore, both patients reduced their anxiety and depression level. The male patient showed an evolution in speech pattern in terms of naming, sentences completion and verbal fluency, while the female patient improved functionality of the march. These results suggested that alpha neurofeedback training could provide a spectrum of improvements, providing new hope for chronic stroke patients who could not gain further improvements through traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana Paula Barbosa Dias
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB-System and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agostinho C Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB-System and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Brickwedde M, Krüger MC, Dinse HR. Somatosensory alpha oscillations gate perceptual learning efficiency. Nat Commun 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30651567 PMCID: PMC6335466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognition and perception are closely coupled to alpha power, but whether there is a link between alpha power and perceptual learning efficacy is unknown. Here we show that somatosensory alpha power can be successfully up- and down-regulated with short-term neurofeedback training, which in turn controls subsequent tactile perceptual learning. We find that neurofeedback-induced increases in alpha power lead to enhanced learning, whereas reductions in alpha power impede learning. As a consequence, interindividual learning variability is substantially reduced. No comparable impact is observed for oscillatory power in theta, beta, and lower gamma frequency bands. Our results demonstrate that high pre-learning alpha levels are a requirement for reaching high learning efficiency. These data provide further evidence that alpha oscillations shape the functional architecture of the brain network by gating neural resources and thereby modulating levels of preparedness for upcoming processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Brickwedde
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie C Krüger
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert R Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
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Yokosawa K, Takase R, Chitose R, Kimura K. Multiple Brain Activities During Sequential Memory Encoding - MEG Study Of Modulation Of Alpha-Band Rhythm. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:5-8. [PMID: 30440327 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is known that alpha-band rhythm during memory maintenance is enhanced by increasing memory load. This enhancement is generally thought to be caused by active inhibition of task-irrelevant visual inputs. During sequential memory processing, we previously found that alpha-band activity increases from beginning to midterm during memory encoding, and conversely decreases from midterm to ending. In the present study, we conducted two experiments to determine the spatial and functional role of alpha-band rhythm during sequential memory processing. The first experiment showed that alpha-band rhythm increased in the occipital brain region, suggesting that active inhibition of task-irrelevant visual inputs continues from midterm to ending of memory encoding. The second experiment, in which subjects could not anticipate the ending of the sequential presentation of memory items, demonstrated that alpha-band rhythm is suppressed in correspondence with preparation for memory recall. These results indicate that alpha-band rhythm is simultaneously modulated by multiple brain processes in sequential memory encoding.
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Pei G, Wu J, Chen D, Guo G, Liu S, Hong M, Yan T. Effects of an Integrated Neurofeedback System with Dry Electrodes: EEG Acquisition and Cognition Assessment. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103396. [PMID: 30314263 PMCID: PMC6211015 DOI: 10.3390/s18103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback improves cognitive capacity and behaviors by regulating brain activity, which can lead to cognitive enhancement in healthy people and better rehabilitation in patients. The increased use of EEG neurofeedback highlights the urgent need to reduce the discomfort and preparation time and increase the stability and simplicity of the system’s operation. Based on brain-computer interface technology and a multithreading design, we describe a neurofeedback system with an integrated design that incorporates wearable, multichannel, dry electrode EEG acquisition equipment and cognitive function assessment. Then, we evaluated the effectiveness of the system in a single-blind control experiment in healthy people, who increased the alpha frequency band power in a neurofeedback protocol. We found that upregulation of the alpha power density improved working memory following short-term training (only five training sessions in a week), while the attention network regulation may be related to other frequency band activities, such as theta and beta. Our integrated system will be an effective neurofeedback training and cognitive function assessment system for personal and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Duanduan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guoxin Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shuozhen Liu
- Valley Christian High School, San Jose, CA 55101, USA.
| | - Mingxuan Hong
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 124221, China.
| | - Tianyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Nan W, Wan F, Tang Q, Wong CM, Wang B, Rosa A. Eyes-Closed Resting EEG Predicts the Learning of Alpha Down-Regulation in Neurofeedback Training. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1607. [PMID: 30210419 PMCID: PMC6121215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback training, which enables the trainee to learn self-control of the EEG activity of interest based on online feedback, has demonstrated benefits on cognitive and behavioral performance. Nevertheless, as a core mechanism of neurofeedback, learning of EEG regulation (i.e., EEG learning) has not been well understood. Moreover, a substantial number of non-learners who fail to achieve successful EEG learning have often been reported. This study investigated the EEG learning in alpha down-regulation neurofeedback, aiming to better understand the alpha learning and to early predict learner/non-learner. Twenty-nine participants received neurofeedback training to down-regulate alpha in two days, while eight of them were identified as non-learners who failed to reduce their alpha within sessions. Through a stepwise linear discriminant analysis, a prediction model was built based on participant's eyes-closed resting EEG activities in broad frequency bands including lower alpha, theta, sigma and beta 1 measured before training, which was validated in predicting learners/non-learners. The findings would assist in the early identification of the individuals who would not likely reduce their alpha during neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Man Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Agostinho Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB-System and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Alpha desynchronization/synchronization during working memory testing is compromised in acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188101. [PMID: 29444081 PMCID: PMC5812562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing and monitoring recovery of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is challenging because of the lack of objective, quantitative measures. Diagnosis is based on description of injuries often not witnessed, subtle neurocognitive symptoms, and neuropsychological testing. Since working memory (WM) is at the center of cognitive functions impaired in mTBI, this study was designed to define objective quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measures of WM processing that may correlate with cognitive changes associated with acute mTBI. First-time mTBI patients and mild peripheral (limb) trauma controls without head injury were recruited from the emergency department. WM was assessed by a continuous performance task (N-back). EEG recordings were obtained during N-back testing on three occasions: within five days, two weeks, and one month after injury. Compared with controls, mTBI patients showed abnormal induced and evoked alpha activity including event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS). For induced alpha power, TBI patients had excessive frontal ERD on their first and third visit. For evoked alpha, mTBI patients had lower parietal ERD/ERS at the second and third visits. These exploratory qEEG findings offer new and non-invasive candidate measures to characterize the evolution of injury over the first month, with potential to provide much-needed objective measures of brain dysfunction to diagnose and monitor the consequences of mTBI.
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Zotev V, Misaki M, Phillips R, Wong CK, Bodurka J. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback of the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus enhances correlation between thalamic BOLD activity and alpha EEG rhythm. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1024-1042. [PMID: 29181883 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) with simultaneous EEG allows volitional modulation of BOLD activity of target brain regions and investigation of related electrophysiological activity. We applied this approach to study correlations between thalamic BOLD activity and alpha EEG rhythm. Healthy volunteers in the experimental group (EG, n = 15) learned to upregulate BOLD activity of the target region consisting of the mediodorsal (MD) and anterior (AN) thalamic nuclei using rtfMRI-nf during retrieval of happy autobiographical memories. Healthy subjects in the control group (CG, n = 14) were provided with a sham feedback. The EG participants were able to significantly increase BOLD activities of the MD and AN. Functional connectivity between the MD and the inferior precuneus was significantly enhanced during the rtfMRI-nf task. Average individual changes in the occipital alpha EEG power significantly correlated with the average MD BOLD activity levels for the EG. Temporal correlations between the occipital alpha EEG power and BOLD activities of the MD and AN were significantly enhanced, during the rtfMRI-nf task, for the EG compared to the CG. Temporal correlations with the alpha power were also significantly enhanced for the posterior nodes of the default mode network, including the precuneus/posterior cingulate, and for the dorsal striatum. Our findings suggest that the temporal correlation between the MD BOLD activity and posterior alpha EEG power is modulated by the interaction between the MD and the inferior precuneus, reflected in their functional connectivity. Our results demonstrate the potential of the rtfMRI-nf with simultaneous EEG for noninvasive neuromodulation studies of human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Zotev
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Chung Ki Wong
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Wei TY, Chang DW, Liu YD, Liu CW, Young CP, Liang SF, Shaw FZ. Portable wireless neurofeedback system of EEG alpha rhythm enhances memory. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 29132359 PMCID: PMC5684759 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of neurofeedback training (NFT) on enhancement of cognitive function or amelioration of clinical symptoms is inconclusive. The trainability of brain rhythm using a neurofeedback system is uncertainty because various experimental designs are used in previous studies. The current study aimed to develop a portable wireless NFT system for alpha rhythm and to validate effect of the NFT system on memory with a sham-controlled group. Methods The proposed system contained an EEG signal analysis device and a smartphone with wireless Bluetooth low-energy technology. Instantaneous 1-s EEG power and contiguous 5-min EEG power throughout the training were developed as feedback information. The training performance and its progression were kept to boost usability of our device. Participants were blinded and randomly assigned into either the control group receiving random 4-Hz power or Alpha group receiving 8–12-Hz power. Working memory and episodic memory were assessed by the backward digital span task and word-pair task, respectively. Results The portable neurofeedback system had advantages of a tiny size and long-term recording and demonstrated trainability of alpha rhythm in terms of significant increase of power and duration of 8–12 Hz. Moreover, accuracies of the backward digital span task and word-pair task showed significant enhancement in the Alpha group after training compared to the control group. Conclusions Our tiny portable device demonstrated success trainability of alpha rhythm and enhanced two kinds of memories. The present study suggest that the portable neurofeedback system provides an alternative intervention for memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ying Wei
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-De Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Young
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Mind Research and Imaging Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Cognitive Performance Enhancement: Do Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Work? JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-017-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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