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Gurguryan L, Fenerci C, Ngo N, Sheldon S. The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1350-1373. [PMID: 38683700 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary neurocognitive frameworks propose that conceptual and perceptual content of autobiographical memories-personal past experiences-are processed by dissociable neural systems. Other work has proposed a central role of the anterior hippocampus in initially constructing autobiographical memories, regardless of the content. Here, we report on an fMRI study that utilized a repeated retrieval paradigm to test these ideas. In an MRI scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories at three timepoints. During the third retrieval, participants either shifted their focus to the conceptual content of the memory, the perceptual content of the memory, or retrieved the memory as they had done so on previous trials. We observed stronger anterior hippocampal activity for the first retrieval compared with later retrievals, regardless of whether there was a shift in content in those later trials. We also found evidence for separate cortical systems when constructing autobiographical memories with a focus on conceptual or perceptual content. Finally, we found that there was common engagement between later retrievals that required a shift toward conceptual content and the initial retrieval of a memory. This final finding was explored further with a behavioral experiment that provided evidence that focusing on conceptual content of a memory guides memory construction, whereas perceptual content adds precision to a memory. Together, these findings suggest there are distinct content-oriented cortical systems that work with the anterior hippocampus to construct representations of autobiographical memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nguyet Ngo
- McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Setton R, Wynn JS, Schacter DL. Peering into the future: Eye movements predict neural repetition effects during episodic simulation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 197:108852. [PMID: 38508374 PMCID: PMC11140475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Imagining future scenarios involves recombining different elements of past experiences into a coherent event, a process broadly supported by the brain's default network. Prior work suggests that distinct brain regions may contribute to the inclusion of different simulation features. Here we examine how activity in these brain regions relates to the vividness of future simulations. Thirty-four healthy young adults imagined future events with familiar people and locations in a two-part study involving a repetition suppression paradigm. First, participants imagined events while their eyes were tracked during a behavioral session. Immediately after, participants imagined events during MRI scanning. The events to be imagined were manipulated such that some were identical to those imagined in the behavioral session while others involved new locations, new people, or both. In this way, we could examine how self-report ratings and eye movements predict brain activity during simulation along with specific simulation features. Vividness ratings were negatively correlated with eye movements, in contrast to an often-observed positive relationship with past recollection. Moreover, fewer eye movements predicted greater involvement of the hippocampus during simulation, an effect specific to location features. Our findings suggest that eye movements may facilitate scene construction for future thinking, lending support to frameworks that spatial information forms the foundation of episodic simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Setton
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jordana S Wynn
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Bogler C, Zangrossi A, Miller C, Sartori G, Haynes J. Have you been there before? Decoding recognition of spatial scenes from fMRI signals in precuneus. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26690. [PMID: 38703117 PMCID: PMC11069338 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
One potential application of forensic "brain reading" is to test whether a suspect has previously experienced a crime scene. Here, we investigated whether it is possible to decode real life autobiographic exposure to spatial locations using fMRI. In the first session, participants visited four out of eight possible rooms on a university campus. During a subsequent scanning session, subjects passively viewed pictures and videos from these eight possible rooms (four old, four novel) without giving any responses. A multivariate searchlight analysis was employed that trained a classifier to distinguish between "seen" versus "unseen" stimuli from a subset of six rooms. We found that bilateral precuneus encoded information that can be used to distinguish between previously seen and unseen rooms and that also generalized to the two stimuli left out from training. We conclude that activity in bilateral precuneus is associated with the memory of previously visited rooms, irrespective of the identity of the room, thus supporting a parietal contribution to episodic memory for spatial locations. Importantly, we could decode whether a room was visited in real life without the need of explicit judgments about the rooms. This suggests that recognition is an automatic response that can be decoded from fMRI data, thus potentially supporting forensic applications of concealed information tests for crime scene recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bogler
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrea Zangrossi
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC)University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Chantal Miller
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - John‐Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Max Planck School of CognitionLeipzigGermany
- Berlin Center for Advanced NeuroimagingCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Clinic of NeurologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Science of Intelligence”Berlin Institute of TechnologyBerlinGermany
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4
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Yan H, Tang S, Huang F. Temporal expectations mediated the repetition effect in a sequence in two ways. Cogn Process 2023; 24:463-469. [PMID: 37256504 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The repetition priming effect generally refers to facilitated responding in instances where the same stimulus or a very similar stimulus repeats after an initial occurrence. Prior studies showed that the repetition priming effect was greater when repetitive stimuli appeared at expected times than when they appeared at less expected times. However, in addition to the expectation for repetition, the expectation for nonrepetitive stimuli may also arise in a sequence, especially after repetitive stimuli continuously appeared several times. This study was designed to further reveal how these two kinds of expectations influence the repetition effect in a sequence. Participants were asked to solve 3, 4 or 5 repetitive tasks followed by a novel task in the experimental group, a situation where the expectations for repetitive events arise in the first three serial positions but that for nonrepetitive events arise in the fourth, fifth and sixth serial positions, or were asked to continuously solve 3-5 repetitive tasks in the control group, a situation where only the expectation for repetitive events appears. The results showed that the repetition effect appeared steadily in the whole sequence for the control group, whereas the repetition effect appeared in the early serial positions but was reduced in the later serial position for the experimental group. The findings revealed the dual influences of temporal expectations on repetition effects in a sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Yan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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5
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Bradley MM, Sambuco N, Lang PJ. Imagery, emotion, and bioinformational theory: From body to brain. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108669. [PMID: 37648076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioinformational theory of emotional imagery is a model of the hypothetical mental representations activated when people imagine emotionally engaging events, and was initially proposed to guide research and practice in the use of imaginal exposure as a treatment for fear and anxiety (Lang, 1979). In this 50 year overview, we discuss the development of bioinformational theory and its impact on the study of psychophysiology and psychopathology, most importantly assessing its viability and predictions in light of more recent brain-based studies of neural functional activation. Bioinformational theory proposes that narrative imagery, typically cued by language scripts, activates an associative memory network in the brain that includes stimulus (e.g., agents, contexts), semantic (e.g., facts and beliefs) and, most critically for emotion, response information (e.g., autonomic and somatic) that represents relevant real-world coping actions and reactions. Psychophysiological studies in healthy and clinical samples reliably find measurable response output during aversive and appetitive narrative imagery. Neuroimaging studies confirm that emotional imagery is associated with significant activation in motor regions of the brain, as well as in regions implicated in episodic and semantic memory retrieval, supporting the bioinformational view that narrative imagery prompts mental simulation of events that critically includes the actions and reactions engaged in emotional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, USA.
| | - Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, USA
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6
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Kwon Y, Salvo JJ, Anderson N, Holubecki AM, Lakshman M, Yoo K, Kay K, Gratton C, Braga RM. Situating the parietal memory network in the context of multiple parallel distributed networks using high-resolution functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553585. [PMID: 37645962 PMCID: PMC10462098 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A principle of brain organization is that networks serving higher cognitive functions are widely distributed across the brain. One exception has been the parietal memory network (PMN), which plays a role in recognition memory but is often defined as being restricted to posteromedial association cortex. We hypothesized that high-resolution estimates of the PMN would reveal small regions that had been missed by prior approaches. High-field 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from extensively sampled participants was used to define the PMN within individuals. The PMN consistently extended beyond the core posteromedial set to include regions in the inferior parietal lobule; rostral, dorsal, medial, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; the anterior insula; and ramus marginalis of the cingulate sulcus. The results suggest that, when fine-scale anatomy is considered, the PMN matches the expected distributed architecture of other association networks, reinforcing that parallel distributed networks are an organizing principle of association cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kwon
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - J J Salvo
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - N Anderson
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | | | - M Lakshman
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - K Yoo
- Yale University Department of Psychology
| | - K Kay
- University of Minnesota Department of Radiology
| | - C Gratton
- Florida State University Department of Psychology
| | - R M Braga
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
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7
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Seidel G, Rijntjes M, Güllmar D, Weiller C, Hamzei F. Understanding the concept of a novel tool requires interaction of the dorsal and ventral streams. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9652-9663. [PMID: 37365863 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The left hemisphere tool-use network consists of the dorso-dorsal, ventro-dorsal, and ventral streams, each with distinct computational abilities. In the dual-loop model, the ventral pathway through the extreme capsule is associated with conceptual understanding. We performed a learning experiment with fMRI to investigate how these streams interact when confronted with novel tools. In session one, subjects observed pictures and video sequences in real world action of known and unknown tools and were asked whether they knew the tools and whether they understood their function. In session two, video sequences of unknown tools were presented again, followed again by the question of understanding their function. Different conditions were compared to each other and effective connectivity (EC) in the tool-use network was examined. During concept acquisition of an unknown tool, EC between dorsal and ventral streams was found posterior in fusiform gyrus and anterior in inferior frontal gyrus, with a functional interaction between BA44d and BA45. When previously unknown tools were presented for a second time, EC was prominent only between dorsal stream areas. Understanding the concept of a novel tool requires an interaction of the ventral stream with the dorsal streams. Once the concept is acquired, dorsal stream areas are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Seidel
- Section of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Hermann-Sachse-Strasse 46, 07639 Bad Klosterlausnitz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michel Rijntjes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Güllmar
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, Gebäude 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Farsin Hamzei
- Section of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Hermann-Sachse-Strasse 46, 07639 Bad Klosterlausnitz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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8
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Faran Y. A comment on the connection between BA10 and episodic memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1105168. [PMID: 37214641 PMCID: PMC10196158 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
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9
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Ghaderi A, Niemeier M, Crawford JD. Saccades and presaccadic stimulus repetition alter cortical network topology and dynamics: evidence from EEG and graph theoretical analysis. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2075-2100. [PMID: 35639544 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal and frontal cortex are involved in saccade generation, and their output signals modify visual signals throughout cortex. Local signals associated with these interactions are well described, but their large-scale progression and network dynamics are unknown. Here, we combined source localized electroencephalography (EEG) and graph theory analysis (GTA) to understand how saccades and presaccadic visual stimuli interactively alter cortical network dynamics in humans. Twenty-one participants viewed 1-3 vertical/horizontal grids, followed by grid with the opposite orientation just before a horizontal saccade or continued fixation. EEG signals from the presaccadic interval (or equivalent fixation period) were used for analysis. Source localization-through-time revealed a rapid frontoparietal progression of presaccadic motor signals and stimulus-motor interactions, with additional band-specific modulations in several frontoparietal regions. GTA analysis revealed a saccade-specific functional network with major hubs in inferior parietal cortex (alpha) and the frontal eye fields (beta), and major saccade-repetition interactions in left prefrontal (theta) and supramarginal gyrus (gamma). This network showed enhanced segregation, integration, synchronization, and complexity (compared with fixation), whereas stimulus repetition interactions reduced synchronization and complexity. These cortical results demonstrate a widespread influence of saccades on both regional and network dynamics, likely responsible for both the motor and perceptual aspects of saccades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ghaderi
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) Program York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Matthias Niemeier
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) Program York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - John Douglas Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) Program York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St,, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St,, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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10
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McHugo M, Avery S, Armstrong K, Rogers BP, Vandekar SN, Woodward ND, Blackford JU, Heckers S. Anterior hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:160-169. [PMID: 33875028 PMCID: PMC8919704 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate that hippocampal function is abnormal across stages of psychosis. Neural theories of psychosis pathophysiology suggest that dysfunction worsens with illness stage. Here, we test the hypothesis that hippocampal function is impaired in the early stage of psychosis and declines further over the next 2 years. METHODS We measured hippocampal function over 2 years using a scene processing task in 147 participants (76 individuals in the early stage of a non-affective psychotic disorder and 71 demographically similar healthy control individuals). Two-year follow-up was completed in 97 individuals (50 early psychosis, 47 healthy control). Voxelwise longitudinal analysis of activation in response to scenes was carried out within a hippocampal region of interest to test for group differences at baseline and a group by time interaction. RESULTS At baseline, we observed lower anterior hippocampal activation in the early psychosis group relative to the healthy control group. Contrary to our hypothesis, hippocampal activation remained consistent and did not show the predicted decline over 2 years in the early psychosis group. Healthy controls showed a modest reduction in hippocampal activation after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis does not worsen over 2 years and highlight the need for longer-term longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Hampstead BM, Stringer AY, Iordan AD, Ploutz-Snyder R, Sathian K. Toward rational use of cognitive training in those with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:10.1002/alz.12718. [PMID: 35791724 PMCID: PMC9816345 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The term cognitive training includes a range of techniques that hold potential for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurologic injury and disease. Our central premise is that these techniques differ in their mechanisms of action and therefore engage distinct brain regions (or neural networks). We support this premise using data from a single-blind randomized-controlled trial in which patients with mild cognitive impairment were randomized to either mnemonic strategy training (MST) or spaced retrieval training (SRT) as they learned ecologically relevant object-location associations. Both training approaches were highly effective in the short term, but MST demonstrated a clear advantage after days to weeks. MST also increased activation in and functional connectivity between frontal, temporal, and parietal regions as well as the hippocampus. In contrast, patterns of reduced activation and functional connectivity were evident following SRT. These findings support the rational development of cognitive training techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Hampstead
- Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anthony Y. Stringer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexandru D. Iordan
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rob Ploutz-Snyder
- Research Professor, Systems, Populations and Leadership, Director of the Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - K. Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Departments of Neural & Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
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12
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Bradley MM, Sambuco N. Emotional Memory and Amygdala Activation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:896285. [PMID: 35769628 PMCID: PMC9234481 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.896285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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13
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Peel HJ, Chouinard PA. fMRI form adaptation and size repetition enhancement in different subdivisions of the lateral occipital complex. Cortex 2022; 154:135-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Firestone E, Sakakura K, Jeong JW, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Temporally and functionally distinct large-scale brain network dynamics supporting task switching. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119126. [PMID: 35331870 PMCID: PMC9173207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our daily activities require frequent switches among competing responses at the millisecond time scale. We determined the spatiotemporal characteristics and functional significance of rapid, large-scale brain network dynamics during task switching. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who played a Lumosity cognitive flexibility training game during intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recording. According to a given task rule, unpredictably switching across trials, participants had to swipe the screen in the direction the stimulus was pointing or moving. Using this data, we described the spatiotemporal characteristics of iEEG high-gamma augmentation occurring more intensely during switch than repeat trials, unattributable to the effect of task rule (pointing or moving), within-stimulus congruence (the direction of stimulus pointing and moving was same or different in a given trial), or accuracy of an immediately preceding response. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography determined whether distant cortical regions showing enhanced activation during task switch trials were directly connected by white matter tracts. Trial-by-trial iEEG analysis deduced whether the intensity of task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was altered through practice and whether high-gamma amplitude predicted the accuracy of an upcoming response among switch trials. Results: The average number of completed trials during five-minute gameplay was 221.4 per patient (range: 171–285). Task switch trials increased the response times, whereas later trials reduced them. Analysis of iEEG signals sampled from 860 brain sites effectively elucidated the distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of task switch, task rule, and post-error-specific high-gamma modulations. Post-cue, task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was initiated in the right calcarine cortex after 260 ms, right precuneus after 330 ms, right entorhinal after 420 ms, and bilateral anterior middle-frontal gyri after 450 ms. DWI tractography successfully showed the presence of direct white matter tracts connecting the right visual areas to the precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions but not between the right precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions. Task-related high-gamma amplitudes in later trials were reduced in the calcarine, entorhinal and anterior middle-frontal regions, but increased in the precuneus. Functionally, enhanced post-cue precuneus high-gamma augmentation improved the accuracy of subsequent responses among switch trials. Conclusions: Our multimodal analysis uncovered two temporally and functionally distinct network dynamics supporting task switching. High-gamma augmentation in the visual-precuneus pathway may reflect the neural process facilitating an attentional shift to a given updated task rule. High-gamma activity in the visual-dorsolateral prefrontal pathway, rapidly reduced through practice, may reflect the cost of executing appropriate stimulus-response translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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15
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Bradley MM, Sambuco N, Lang PJ. Neural correlates of repeated retrieval of emotional autobiographical events. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Deguire F, López-Arango G, Knoth IS, Côté V, Agbogba K, Lippé S. Developmental course of the repetition effect and change detection responses from infancy through childhood: a longitudinal study. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5467-5477. [PMID: 35149872 PMCID: PMC9712715 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal repetition effect (repetition suppression and repetition enhancement) and change detection responses are fundamental brain responses that have implications in learning and cognitive development in infants and children. Studies have shown altered neuronal repetition and change detection responses in various clinical populations. However, the developmental course of these neuronal responses from infancy through childhood is still unknown. Using an electroencephalography oddball task, we investigate the developmental peculiarities of repetition effect and change detection responses in 43 children that we followed longitudinally from 3 months to 4 years of age. Analyses were conducted on theta (3-5 Hz), alpha (5-10 Hz), and beta (10-30 Hz) time-frequency windows. Results indicated that in the theta time-frequency window, in frontocentral and frontal regions of the brain, repetition and change detection responses followed a U-shaped pattern from 3 months to 4 years of age. Moreover, the change detection response was stronger in young infants compared to older children in frontocentral regions, regardless of the time-frequency window. Our findings add to the evidence of top-down modulation of perceptual systems in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Deguire
- Corresponding author: Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D'Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - Gabriela López-Arango
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D’Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada,Pôle en neuropsychologie et neuroscience cognitive et computationnelle (CerebrUM), University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D’Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada,Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Inga Sophia Knoth
- Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Côté
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D’Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada,Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Kristian Agbogba
- Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada,École de technologie supérieure, University of Quebec, 1100 Notre-Dame W, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D’Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada,Pôle en neuropsychologie et neuroscience cognitive et computationnelle (CerebrUM), University of Montreal, Marie Victorin Building, 90 Vincent-D’Indy Avenue, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada,Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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17
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Pollmann S, Schneider WX. Working memory and active sampling of the environment: Medial temporal contributions. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:339-357. [PMID: 35964982 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) refers to the ability to maintain and actively process information-either derived from perception or long-term memory (LTM)-for intelligent thought and action. This chapter focuses on the contributions of the temporal lobe, particularly medial temporal lobe (MTL) to WM. First, neuropsychological evidence for the involvement of MTL in WM maintenance is reviewed, arguing for a crucial role in the case of retaining complex relational bindings between memorized features. Next, MTL contributions at the level of neural mechanisms are covered-with a focus on WM encoding and maintenance, including interactions with ventral temporal cortex. Among WM use processes, we focus on active sampling of environmental information, a key input source to capacity-limited WM. MTL contributions to the bidirectional relationship between active sampling and memory are highlighted-WM control of active sampling and sampling as a way of selecting input to WM. Memory-based sampling studies relying on scene and object inspection, visual-based exploration behavior (e.g., vicarious behavior), and memory-guided visual search are reviewed. The conclusion is that MTL serves an important function in the selection of information from perception and transfer from LTM to capacity-limited WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pollmann
- Department of Psychology and Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Werner X Schneider
- Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Jonin PY, Duché Q, Bannier E, Corouge I, Ferré JC, Belliard S, Barillot C, Barbeau EJ. Building memories on prior knowledge: behavioral and fMRI evidence of impairment in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 110:1-12. [PMID: 34837869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired memory is a hallmark of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior knowledge associated with the memoranda improves memory in healthy individuals, but we ignore whether the same occurs in early AD. We used functional MRI to investigate whether prior knowledge enhances memory encoding in early AD, and whether the nature of this prior knowledge matters. Patients with early AD and Controls underwent a task-based fMRI experiment where they learned face-scene associations. Famous faces carried pre-experimental knowledge (PEK), while unknown faces with which participants were familiarized prior to learning carried experimental knowledge (EK). Surprisingly, PEK strongly enhanced subsequent memory in healthy controls, but importantly not in patients. Partly nonoverlapping brain networks supported PEK vs. EK associative encoding in healthy controls. No such networks were identified in patients. In addition, patients displayed impaired activation in a right sub hippocampal region where activity predicted successful associative memory formation for PEK stimuli. Despite the limited sample sizes of this study, these findings suggest that the role prior knowledge in new learning might have been so far overlooked and underestimated in AD patients. Prior knowledge may drive critical differences in the way healthy elderly and early AD patients learn novel associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Jonin
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), CNRS-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France; Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
| | - Quentin Duché
- Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France; Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Corouge
- Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France; Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Ferré
- Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France; Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Serge Belliard
- Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Christian Barillot
- Empenn research team, INRIA, Rennes University-CNRS-INSERM-IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), CNRS-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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19
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López-Arango G, Deguire F, Côté V, Barlaam F, Agbogba K, Knoth IS, Lippé S. Infant repetition effects and change detection: Are they related to adaptive skills? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7193-7213. [PMID: 34585451 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repetition effects and change detection response have been proposed as neuro-electrophysiological correlates of fundamental learning processes. As such, they could be a good predictor of brain maturation and cognitive development. We recorded high density EEG in 71 healthy infants (32 females) aged between 3 and 9 months, while they listened to vowel sequences (standard /a/a/a/i/ [80%] and deviant /a/a/a/a/ [20%]). Adaptive skills, a surrogate of cognitive development, were measured via the parent form of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition (ABAS-II). Cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) analyses, time-frequency analyses and a statistical approach using linear mixed models (LMMs) and linear regression models were performed. Age and adaptive skills were tested as predictors. Age modulation of repetition effects and change detection response was observed in theta (3-5 Hz), alpha (5-10 Hz) and high gamma (80-90 Hz) oscillations and in all CAEPs. Moreover, adaptive skills modulation of repetition effects was evidenced in theta (3-5 Hz), high gamma oscillations (80-90 Hz), N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude and P350 latency. Finally, adaptive skills modulation of change detection response was observed in the N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude. Our results confirm that repetition effects and change detection response evolve with age. Moreover, our results suggest that repetition effects and change detection response vary according to adaptive skills displayed by infants during the first year of life, demonstrating their predictive value for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela López-Arango
- Neurosciences Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Deguire
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Côté
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanny Barlaam
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristian Agbogba
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inga S Knoth
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Ficco L, Mancuso L, Manuello J, Teneggi A, Liloia D, Duca S, Costa T, Kovacs GZ, Cauda F. Disentangling predictive processing in the brain: a meta-analytic study in favour of a predictive network. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16258. [PMID: 34376727 PMCID: PMC8355157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the predictive coding (PC) theory, the brain is constantly engaged in predicting its upcoming states and refining these predictions through error signals. Despite extensive research investigating the neural bases of this theory, to date no previous study has systematically attempted to define the neural mechanisms of predictive coding across studies and sensory channels, focussing on functional connectivity. In this study, we employ a coordinate-based meta-analytical approach to address this issue. We first use the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm to detect spatial convergence across studies, related to prediction error and encoding. Overall, our ALE results suggest the ultimate role of the left inferior frontal gyrus and left insula in both processes. Moreover, we employ a meta-analytic connectivity method (Seed-Voxel Correlations Consensus). This technique reveals a large, bilateral predictive network, which resembles large-scale networks involved in task-driven attention and execution. In sum, we find that: (i) predictive processing seems to occur more in certain brain regions than others, when considering different sensory modalities at a time; (ii) there is no evidence, at the network level, for a distinction between error and prediction processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ficco
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Steiger 3/Haus 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Mancuso
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Teneggi
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gyula Zoltán Kovacs
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franco Cauda
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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21
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Imaging recollection, familiarity, and novelty in the frontoparietal control and default mode networks and the anterior-posterior medial temporal lobe: An integrated view and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:491-508. [PMID: 33857579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A network-level model of recollection-based recognition (R), familiarity-based recognition (F), and novelty recognition (N) was constructed, and its validity was evaluated through meta-analyses to produce an integrated view of neuroimaging data. The model predicted the following: (a) the overall magnitude of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) activity (which supports retrieval and decision effort) is in the order of F > R > N; (b) that of the posterior medial temporal network (MTL) activity (which plays a direct role in retrieval) is in the order of R > N > F; (c) that of the anterior MTL activity (which supports novelty-encoding) is in the order of N > R > F; (d) that of the default mode network (DMN) activity (which supports the subjective experience of remembering) is in the order of R > N > F. The meta-analyses results were consistent with these predictions. Subsystem analysis indicated a functional dissociation between the cingulo-opercular vs. frontoparietal components of the FPCN and between the core vs. medial temporal components of the DMN.
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22
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Maksimenko V, Kuc A, Frolov N, Kurkin S, Hramov A. Effect of repetition on the behavioral and neuronal responses to ambiguous Necker cube images. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3454. [PMID: 33568692 PMCID: PMC7876129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A repeated presentation of an item facilitates its subsequent detection or identification, a phenomenon of priming. Priming may involve different types of memory and attention and affects neural activity in various brain regions. Here we instructed participants to report on the orientation of repeatedly presented Necker cubes with high (HA) and low (LA) ambiguity. Manipulating the contrast of internal edges, we varied the ambiguity and orientation of the cube. We tested how both the repeated orientation (referred to as a stimulus factor) and the repeated ambiguity (referred to as a top-down factor) modulated neuronal and behavioral response. On the behavioral level, we observed higher speed and correctness of the response to the HA stimulus following the HA stimulus and a faster response to the right-oriented LA stimulus following the right-oriented stimulus. On the neuronal level, the prestimulus theta-band power grew for the repeated HA stimulus, indicating activation of the neural networks related to attention and uncertainty processing. The repeated HA stimulus enhanced hippocampal activation after stimulus onset. The right-oriented LA stimulus following the right-oriented stimulus enhanced activity in the precuneus and the left frontal gyri before the behavioral response. During the repeated HA stimulus processing, enhanced hippocampal activation may evidence retrieving information to disambiguate the stimulus and define its orientation. Increased activation of the precuneus and the left prefrontal cortex before responding to the right-oriented LA stimulus following the right-oriented stimulus may indicate a match between their orientations. Finally, we observed increased hippocampal activation after responding to the stimuli, reflecting the encoding stimulus features in memory. In line with the large body of works relating the hippocampal activity with episodic memory, we suppose that this type of memory may subserve the priming effect during the repeated presentation of ambiguous images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Maksimenko
- grid.465471.50000 0004 4910 8311Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Component, Innopolis University, 1 Universitetskaya str., Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan Russia 420500 ,grid.412420.10000 0000 8546 8761Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bolshaya Kazachia str., Saratov, Russia 410012
| | - Alexander Kuc
- grid.465471.50000 0004 4910 8311Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Component, Innopolis University, 1 Universitetskaya str., Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan Russia 420500
| | - Nikita Frolov
- grid.465471.50000 0004 4910 8311Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Component, Innopolis University, 1 Universitetskaya str., Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan Russia 420500
| | - Semen Kurkin
- grid.465471.50000 0004 4910 8311Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Component, Innopolis University, 1 Universitetskaya str., Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan Russia 420500
| | - Alexander Hramov
- grid.465471.50000 0004 4910 8311Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Component, Innopolis University, 1 Universitetskaya str., Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan Russia 420500 ,grid.412420.10000 0000 8546 8761Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bolshaya Kazachia str., Saratov, Russia 410012
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23
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Kim H. An integrative model of network activity during episodic memory retrieval and a meta-analysis of fMRI studies on source memory retrieval. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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Bertram M, Warren CV, Lange F, Seer C, Steinke A, Wegner F, Schrader C, Dressler D, Dengler R, Kopp B. Dopaminergic modulation of novelty repetition in Parkinson's disease: A study of P3 event-related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2841-2850. [PMID: 33137574 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Cognitive impairments have been reported using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Patients show reduced novelty P3 (nP3) amplitudes in oddball experiments, a response to infrequent, surprising stimuli, linked to the orienting response of the brain. The nP3 is thought to depend on dopaminergic neuronal pathways though the effect of dopaminergic medication in PD has not yet been investigated. METHODS Twenty-two patients with PD were examined "on" and "off" their regular dopaminergic medication in a novelty 3-stimulus-oddball task. Thirty-four healthy controls were also examined over two sessions, but received no medication. P3 amplitudes were compared throughout experimental conditions. RESULTS All participants showed sizeable novelty difference ERP effects, i.e. ndP3 amplitudes, during both testing sessions. An interaction of diagnosis, medication and testing order was also found, indicating that dopaminergic medication modulated ndP3 in patients with PD across the two testing sessions: We observed enhanced ndP3 amplitudes from PD patients who were off medication on the second testing session. CONCLUSION Patients with PD 'off' medication showed ERP evidence for repetition-related enhancement of novelty responses. Dopamine depletion in neuronal pathways that are affected by mid-stage PD possibly accounts for this modulation of novelty processing. SIGNIFICANCE The data in this study potentially suggest that repetition effects on novelty processing in patients with PD are enhanced by dopaminergic depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bertram
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claire V Warren
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Lange
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Behavioural Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Seer
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; LBI - KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Dressler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Nie A, Yu Y. External (Versus Internal) Facial Features Contribute Most to Repetition Priming in Facial Recognition: ERP Evidence. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:15-47. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512520957150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) research demonstrated four successive ERP components in the repetition priming of human face recognition: P100, N170, N250r, and N400. While these components correspond, respectively, to the four stages proposed by the interactive activation and competition (IAC) model, there has been no emphasis in past research on how internal and external facial features affect repetition priming and the sensitivity of these ERP components to item interval. This study was designed to address these issues. We used faces of celebrities as targets, including completely familiar faces, familiar internal feature faces, and familiar external feature faces. We displayed a target face either immediately following its prime (immediate repetition) or after a delay with interference from a presentation of two other faces (delayed repetition). ERP differences at P100 and N170 were nearly statistically non-significant; familiar faces and familiar external feature faces were associated with reliable ERP signals of N250r and N400 in the immediate repetition condition. For delayed repetition, however, N250r and N400 signals were only preserved for the familiar external feature faces. The differences of these ERP components suggest that, compared with internal facial features, external features of a previously presented face contribute more to brain-based facial repetition priming, particularly during the last two stages of the IAC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Lee SM, Henson RN, Lin CY. Neural Correlates of Repetition Priming: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:565114. [PMID: 33192395 PMCID: PMC7530292 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.565114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetition priming is a form of implicit memory, whereby classification or identification of a stimulus is improved by prior presentation of the same stimulus. Repetition priming is accompanied with a deceased fMRI signal for primed vs. unprimed stimuli in various brain regions, often called "repetition suppression," or RS. Previous studies proposed that RS in posterior regions is associated with priming of perceptual processes, whereas RS in more anterior (prefrontal) regions is associated with priming of conceptual processes. To clarify which regions exhibit reliable RS associated with perceptual and conceptual priming, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis using coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation. This analysis included 65 fMRI studies that (i) employed visual repetition priming during either perceptual or conceptual tasks, (ii) demonstrated behavioral priming, and (iii) reported the results from whole-brain analyses. Our results showed that repetition priming was mainly associated with RS in left inferior frontal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. Importantly, RS in these regions was found for both perceptual and conceptual tasks, and no regions show RS that was selective to one of these tasks. These results question the simple distinction between conceptual and perceptual priming, and suggest consideration of other factors such as stimulus-response bindings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Mu Lee
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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27
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Dunne L, Opitz B. Attention control processes that prioritise task execution may come at the expense of incidental memory encoding. Brain Cogn 2020; 144:105602. [PMID: 32771684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Attention underpins episodic memory encoding by gating information processing. However, it is unclear how different forms of attention affect encoding. Using fMRI, we implemented a novel task that separates top-down and bottom-up attention (TDA; BUA) to test how these forms of attention influence encoding. Twenty-seven subjects carried out a scanned incidental encoding task that required semantic categorisation of stimuli. Trials either required visual search (TDA) to locate a target, or the target blinked and captured attention (BUA). After a retention period, subjects performed a surprise recognition test. Univariate analyses showed that ventral visual regions and right hippocampus indexed encoding success. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that, during TDA, there was increased coupling between dorsal parietal cortex and fusiform gyrus with encoding failure, and between lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus with encoding success. No significant connectivity modulations were observed during BUA. We propose that increased TDA to objects in space is mediated by parietal cortex and negatively impacts encoding. Also, increases in connectivity within ventral visual cortex index the integration of stimulus features, promoting encoding. Finally, the influences of attention on encoding likely depend on task demands: as cognitive control increases, task execution is emphasised at the expense of memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Dunne
- University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Sambuco N, Bradley MM, Herring DR, Lang PJ. Common circuit or paradigm shift? The functional brain in emotional scene perception and emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13522. [PMID: 32011742 PMCID: PMC7446773 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic and experimental studies investigating the neural basis of emotion often compare functional activation in different emotional induction contexts, assessing evidence for a "core affect" or "salience" network. Meta-analyses necessarily aggregate effects across diverse paradigms and different samples, which ignore potential neural differences specific to the method of affect induction. Data from repeated measures designs are few, reporting contradictory results with a small N. In the current study, functional brain activity is assessed in a large (N = 61) group of healthy participants during two common emotion inductions-scene perception and narrative imagery-to evaluate cross-paradigm consistency. Results indicate that limbic and paralimbic regions, together with visual and parietal cortex, are reliably engaged during emotional scene perception. For emotional imagery, in contrast, enhanced functional activity is found in several cerebellar regions, hippocampus, caudate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, consistent with the conception that imagery is an action disposition. Taken together, the data suggest that a common emotion network is not engaged across paradigms, but that the specific neural regions activated during emotional processing can vary significantly with the context of the emotional induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David R Herring
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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St-Laurent M, Rosenbaum RS, Olsen RK, Buchsbaum BR. Representation of viewed and recalled film clips in patterns of brain activity in a person with developmental amnesia. Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107436. [PMID: 32194085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As clear memories transport us back into the past, the brain also revives prior patterns of neural activity, a phenomenon known as neural reactivation. While growing evidence indicates a link between neural reactivation and typical variations in memory performance in healthy individuals, it is unclear how and to what extent reactivation is disrupted by a memory disorder. The current study characterizes neural reactivation in a case of amnesia using Multivoxel Pattern Analysis (MVPA). We tested NC, an individual with developmental amnesia linked to a diencephalic stroke, and 19 young adult controls on a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task during which participants viewed and recalled short videos multiple times. An encoding classifier trained and tested to identify videos based on brain activity patterns elicited at perception revealed superior classification in NC. The enhanced consistency in stimulus representation we observed in NC at encoding was accompanied by an absence of multivariate repetition suppression, which occurred over repeated viewing in the controls. Another recall classifier trained and tested to identify videos during mental replay indicated normal levels of classification in NC, despite his poor memory for stimulus content. However, a cross-condition classifier trained on perception trials and tested on mental replay trials-a strict test of reactivation-revealed significantly poorer classification in NC. Thus, while NC's brain activity was consistent and stimulus-specific during mental replay, this specificity did not reflect the reactivation of patterns elicited at perception to the same extent as controls. Fittingly, we identified brain regions for which activity supported stimulus representation during mental replay to a greater extent in NC than in controls. This activity was not modeled on perception, suggesting that compensatory patterns of representation based on generic knowledge can support consistent mental constructs when memory is faulty. Our results reveal several ways in which amnesia impacts distributed patterns of stimulus representation during encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie St-Laurent
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Faculty of Health, Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St.George Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St.George Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
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Klippenstein JL, Stark SM, Stark CEL, Bennett IJ. Neural substrates of mnemonic discrimination: A whole-brain fMRI investigation. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01560. [PMID: 32017430 PMCID: PMC7066353 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A fundamental component of episodic memory is the ability to differentiate new and highly similar events from previously encountered events. Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified hippocampal involvement in this type of mnemonic discrimination (MD), but few studies have assessed MD-related activity in regions beyond the hippocampus. Therefore, the current fMRI study examined whole-brain activity in healthy young adults during successful discrimination of the test phase of the Mnemonic Similarity Task. METHOD In the study phase, participants made "indoor"/"outdoor" judgments to a series of objects. In the test phase, they made "old"/"new" judgments to a series of probe objects that were either repetitions from the memory set (targets), similar to objects in the memory set (lures), or novel. We assessed hippocampal and whole-brain activity consistent with MD using a step function to identify where activity to targets differed from activity to lures with varying degrees of similarity to targets (high, low), responding to them as if they were novel. RESULTS Results revealed that the hippocampus and occipital cortex exhibited differential activity to repeated stimuli relative to even highly similar stimuli, but only hippocampal activity predicted discrimination performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the notion that successful MD is supported by the hippocampus, with auxiliary processes supported by cortex (e.g., perceptual discrimination).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shauna M. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
| | - Craig E. L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
| | - Ilana J. Bennett
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
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Zhao Y, Liu R, Zhang J, Luo J, Zhang W. Placebo Effect on Modulating Empathic Pain: Reduced Activation in Posterior Insula. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:8. [PMID: 32116589 PMCID: PMC7025481 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little evidence exists to confirm whether the sensory-related neural activity that occurs when observing others in pain is highly responsive to empathy for pain. From a perspective of intervention, the present study employed placebo manipulation with a transferable paradigm to explore whether the sensory regional activation that occurs when viewing pictures of others in pain could be modulated by the placebo effect. We first performed a screening behavioral experiment for selecting placebo responders and then entered them into a functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) experiment in which they were exposed to the same conditions as before. Participants were informed that it was equally possible to be assigned to the treatment group (placebo manipulation) or the no-treatment group (control); they all, in fact, received treatment and placebo effect would be detected by comparing placebo conditions and no-placebo control condition. Each participant experienced a phase of reinforcing placebo belief with pain in self and a phase of testing transferable placebo effect on empathy for pain. As a result, we found significant activation in sensory areas, including the posterior insula (PI) and the postcentral gyrus, and in the middle cingulate cortex while participants observed pictures of others in pain. More importantly, for the first time, we observed relieved activation in the PI modulated by the placebo effect only associated with pain pictures but not with no-pain pictures. This suggests that sensory activity in the PI might be involved in the processing for empathic pain. This new approach sheds light on research and applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kark SM, Slotnick SD, Kensinger EA. Forgotten but not gone: FMRI evidence of implicit memory for negative stimuli 24 hours after the initial study episode. Neuropsychologia 2020; 136:107277. [PMID: 31783080 PMCID: PMC7012535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endel Tulving conducted pioneering work on the explicit and implicit memory systems and demonstrated that priming effects can be long-lasting. It is also well-established that emotion can amplify explicit and implicit memory. Prior work has utilized repetition suppression (RS) of the fMRI-BOLD signal-a reduction in the magnitude of activity over repeated presentations of stimuli-to index implicit memory. Using an explicit recognition memory paradigm, we examined emotional modulation of long-term implicit memory effects as revealed by repetition suppression (i.e., comparing second-exposure forgotten items to first-exposure correct rejections). Forty-seven participants incidentally encoded line-drawings of negative, positive, and neutral scenes followed by the full color image. Twenty-four hours later, participants underwent fMRI during a recognition memory test in which old and new line-drawings were presented. Implicit and explicit memory effects were defined by the contrasts of New-Correct Rejections > Old-Misses and Old-Hits > New-Correct Rejections, respectively. Wide-spread Negative RS was found in frontal and occipito-temporal cortex that was greater than Neutral RS in the right orbito-frontal cortex and inferior frontal gyri. Valence-specific Negative RS, compared to Positive RS, was observed in the left inferior occipital gyrus. There was no strong evidence for emotional modulation of amygdala RS, but functional connectivity analyses revealed valence-specificity: Negative and positive valence were associated with repetition suppression and repetition enhancement of amygdala-occipital connectivity, respectively. Negative implicit memory patterns in most frontal regions-but not occipital areas-overlapped with explicit memory effects. Thus, implicit memory effects for a single visual stimulus presentation are modulated by emotional valence, can be observed 24hours after initial exposure, and show some overlap with explicit memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Kark
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Kensinger
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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Thébault-Dagher F, Deguire F, Knoth IS, Lafontaine MP, Barlaam F, Côté V, Agbogba K, Lippé S. Prolonged and unprolonged complex febrile seizures differently affect frontal theta brain activity. Epilepsy Res 2020; 159:106217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gilmore AW, Nelson SM, Laumann TO, Gordon EM, Berg JJ, Greene DJ, Gratton C, Nguyen AL, Ortega M, Hoyt CR, Coalson RS, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE, Dosenbach NUF, McDermott KB. High-fidelity mapping of repetition-related changes in the parietal memory network. Neuroimage 2019; 199:427-439. [PMID: 31175969 PMCID: PMC6688913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
fMRI studies of human memory have identified a "parietal memory network" (PMN) that displays distinct responses to novel and familiar stimuli, typically deactivating during initial encoding but robustly activating during retrieval. The small size of PMN regions, combined with their proximity to the neighboring default mode network, makes a targeted assessment of their responses in highly sampled subjects important for understanding information processing within the network. Here, we describe an experiment in which participants made semantic decisions about repeatedly-presented stimuli, assessing PMN BOLD responses as items transitioned from experimentally novel to repeated. Data are from the highly-sampled subjects in the Midnight Scan Club dataset, enabling a characterization of BOLD responses at both the group and single-subject level. Across all analyses, PMN regions deactivated in response to novel stimuli and displayed changes in BOLD activity across presentations, but did not significantly activate to repeated items. Results support only a portion of initially hypothesized effects, in particular suggesting that novelty-related deactivations may be less susceptible to attentional/task manipulations than are repetition-related activations within the network. This in turn suggests that novelty and familiarity may be processed as separable entities within the PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, 76711, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, 76711, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Berg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Catherine R Hoyt
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca S Coalson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Neural adaptation and cognitive inflexibility in repeated problem-solving behaviors. Cortex 2019; 119:470-479. [PMID: 31505438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Repeated stimulus processing is often associated with a reduction in neural activity, known as neural adaptation. Therefore, people are more sensitive to novelty detection but likely lose flexibility in subsequent novelty processing after detection. To demonstrate the dynamic changes in neural adaption in repeated problem-solving behaviors and test its negative influence on subsequent nonrepetitive problem-solving behaviors, we adopted a Chinese character decomposition task in this fMRI study. Participants were asked to repeatedly perform 3-5 practice problems that could be solved by the same loose chunk decomposition (LCD) solution followed by a test problem that could be solved by a tight chunk decomposition (TCD) solution in the enhanced-set condition. The practice problem gradually elicited lower percent signal changes within the cuneus, superior parietal lobule (SPL), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in serial positions -1, -2 and -3 of a set, implying that neural adaptation occurred in repeated practice. Both the test problem and the practice problem that following it recruited greater activation of the SPL and IFG in the enhanced-set condition than in the base-set condition when the practice problem and test problem alternately appeared, implying that the task switching cost from a more dominant task to a less dominant task and vice versa was increased after neural adaptation occurred. In other words, repeatedly solving a set of similar problems with the same solution likely leads to neural adaptation and cognitive inflexibility, which in turn have an undifferentiated impact on task switching. This finding expands existing knowledge about the neurocognitive mechanism underlying the formation of the mental set and sheds light on the influence of neural adaptation on subsequent processing.
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36
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Guo D, Yang J. Interplay of the long axis of the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in schema-related memory retrieval. Hippocampus 2019; 30:263-277. [PMID: 31490611 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When new information is relevant to prior knowledge or schema, it can be learned and remembered better. Rodent studies have suggested that the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are important for processing schema-related information. However, there are inconsistent findings from human studies on the involvement of the hippocampus and its interaction with the vmPFC in schema-related memory retrieval. To address these issues, we used a human analog of the rodent spatial schema task to compare brain activity during immediate retrieval of paired associations (PAs) in schema-consistent and schema-inconsistent conditions. The results showed that the anterior hippocampus was more involved in retrieving PAs in the schema-consistent condition than in the schema-inconsistent condition. Connectivity analyses showed that the anterior hippocampus had stronger coupling with the vmPFC when the participants retrieved newly learned PAs successfully in the schema-consistent (vs. schema-inconsistent) condition, whereas the coupling of the posterior hippocampus with the vmPFC showed the opposite. Taken together, the results shed light on how the long axis of the hippocampus and vmPFC interact to serve memory retrieval via different networks that differ by schema condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingrong Guo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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37
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Kim H. Neural activity during working memory encoding, maintenance, and retrieval: A network-based model and meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4912-4933. [PMID: 31373730 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear whether and to what extent working memory (WM) temporal subprocesses (i.e., encoding, maintenance, and retrieval) involve shared or distinct intrinsic networks. To address this issue, I constructed a model of intrinsic network contributions to different WM phases and then evaluated the validity of the model by performing a quantitative meta-analysis of relevant functional neuroimaging data. The model suggests that the transition from the encoding to maintenance and to retrieval stages involves progressively decreasing involvement of the dorsal attention network (DAN), but progressively increasing involvement of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). Separate meta-analysis of each phase effect and direct comparisons between them yielded results that were largely consistent with the model. This evidence included between-phase double dissociations that were consistent with the model, such as encoding > maintenance contrast showing some DAN, but no FPCN, regions, and maintenance > encoding contrast showing the reverse, that is, some FPCN, but no DAN, regions. Two closely juxtaposed regions that are members of the DAN and FPCN, such as inferior frontal junction versus caudal prefrontal cortex and superior versus inferior intraparietal sulcus, showed a high degree of functional differentiation. Although all regions identified in the present study were already identified in previous WM studies, this study uniquely enhances our understating of their roles by clarifying their network membership and specific associations with different WM phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
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38
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Kim H. Neural correlates of explicit and implicit memory at encoding and retrieval: A unified framework and meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:96-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Gilmore AW, Kalinowski SE, Milleville SC, Gotts SJ, Martin A. Identifying task-general effects of stimulus familiarity in the parietal memory network. Neuropsychologia 2019; 124:31-43. [PMID: 30610842 PMCID: PMC6728150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human memory have implicated a "parietal memory network" in the recognition of familiar stimuli. However, the automatic vs. top-down nature of information processing within this network is not yet understood. If the network processes stimuli automatically, one can expect repetition-related changes both when familiarity is central to an ongoing task and when it is task-irrelevant. Here, we tested this prediction in a group of 40 human subjects using fMRI. Subjects initially named 100 objects aloud in the scanner. They then repeated the same task with novel and previously-named objects intermixed (where familiarity was not task-relevant) and separately were asked to make old/new recognition decisions in response to pictures of novel and previously-named objects (where familiarity was central to task completion). Accuracy was matched across conditions, and voice reaction times reflected typical behavioral priming effects. Repetition enhancement effects were restricted primarily to parietal cortex-and in particular, the parietal memory network-and were task-general in nature, whereas repetition suppression effects were task-dependent and occurred primarily in frontal and ventral temporal cortex. Task context effects were also present in the parietal memory network and impacted responses to both novel and familiar items. We conclude by discussing implications of these findings with respect to current hypotheses regarding parietal contributions to memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Sarah E Kalinowski
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shawn C Milleville
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Huang F, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Luo J. People got lost in solving a set of similar problems. Neuroimage 2019; 186:192-199. [PMID: 30449716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A mental set generally refers to the human brain's tendency to persist with a familiar solution and stubbornly ignore alternatives. However, if a familiar solution is unable to solve a problem similar to a previous problem, does it continue to hinder alternative solutions, and if so, how and why? To answer these questions, a Chinese character decomposition task was adopted in this study. Participants were asked to perform a practice problem that could be solved by a familiar loose chunk decomposition (LCD) solution followed by a test problem that was similar to the practice problem but could only be solved by an unfamiliar tight chunk decomposition (TCD) solution or were asked to repeatedly perform 3-5 practice problems followed by a test problem; the former is the base-set condition, and the latter is the enhanced-set condition. The results showed that the test problem recruited more activation of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle occipital cortex (MOG), superior parietal lobule (SPL) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) than the practice problem in the latter operation and verification stage, but almost equal activation of the dACC occurred in the early exploration stage. This likely implied that people did not think that the familiar but currently invalid LCD solution could not be used to solve the test problem; thus, it continuously competed for attention with the unfamiliar TCD solution, which required more executive control to suppress. Moreover, compared with the base-set condition, the test problem in the enhanced-set condition recruited greater activations of the IFG, SPL and dACC in the latter verification stage but less activations of regions in the left IFG and MOG in the early exploration stage. These results revealed that people less actively explored and had to work harder to operate the unfamiliar TCD solution, particularly to resolve competition from the familiar but currently invalid LCD solution. In conclusion, people lost the ability to identify errors in the familiar but currently invalid solution, which in turn decreased the exploration efforts and increased the processing demands associated with alternative solutions in the form of attentional bias and competition. This finding broadly explains the dilemma of creative problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Robin J, Rai Y, Valli M, Olsen RK. Category specificity in the medial temporal lobe: A systematic review. Hippocampus 2018; 29:313-339. [PMID: 30155943 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical accounts of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function ascribe different functions to subregions of the MTL including perirhinal, entorhinal, parahippocampal cortices, and the hippocampus. Some have suggested that the functional roles of these subregions vary in terms of their category specificity, showing preferential coding for certain stimulus types, but the evidence for this functional organization is mixed. In this systematic review, we evaluate existing evidence for regional specialization in the MTL for three categories of visual stimuli: faces, objects, and scenes. We review and synthesize across univariate and multivariate neuroimaging studies, as well as neuropsychological studies of cases with lesions to the MTL. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that faces activate the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the anterior hippocampus, while scenes engage the parahippocampal cortex and both the anterior and posterior hippocampus, depending on the contrast condition. There is some evidence for object-related activity in anterior MTL regions when compared to scenes, and in posterior MTL regions when compared to faces, suggesting that aspects of object representations may share similarities with face and scene representations. While neuroimaging evidence suggests some hippocampal specialization for faces and scenes, neuropsychological evidence shows that hippocampal damage leads to impairments in scene memory and perception, but does not entail equivalent impairments for faces in cases where the perirhinal cortex remains intact. Regional specialization based on stimulus categories has implications for understanding the mechanisms of MTL subregions, and highlights the need for the development of theoretical models of MTL function that can accommodate the differential patterns of specificity observed in the MTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robin
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeshith Rai
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikaeel Valli
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhan L, Guo D, Chen G, Yang J. Effects of Repetition Learning on Associative Recognition Over Time: Role of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:277. [PMID: 30050418 PMCID: PMC6050388 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When stimuli are learned by repetition, they are remembered better and retained for a longer time. However, current findings are lacking as to whether the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and cortical regions are involved in the learning effect when subjects retrieve associative memory, and whether their activations differentially change over time due to learning experience. To address these issues, we designed an fMRI experiment in which face-scene pairs were learned once (L1) or six times (L6). Subjects learned the pairs at four retention intervals, 30-min, 1-day, 1-week and 1-month, after which they finished an associative recognition task in the scanner. The results showed that compared to learning once, learning six times led to stronger activation in the hippocampus, but weaker activation in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) as well as anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vLPFC). In addition, the hippocampal activation was positively correlated with that of the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and negatively correlated with that of the vLPFC when the L6 group was compared to the L1 group. The hippocampal activation decreased over time after L1 but remained stable after L6. These results clarified how the hippocampus and cortical regions interacted to support associative memory after different learning experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexia Zhan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingrong Guo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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43
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Weymar M, Bradley MM, Sege CT, Lang PJ. Neural activation and memory for natural scenes: Explicit and spontaneous retrieval. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13197. [PMID: 29732578 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus repetition elicits either enhancement or suppression in neural activity, and a recent fMRI meta-analysis of repetition effects for visual stimuli (Kim, 2017) reported cross-stimulus repetition enhancement in medial and lateral parietal cortex, as well as regions of prefrontal, temporal, and posterior cingulate cortex. Repetition enhancement was assessed here for repeated and novel scenes presented in the context of either an explicit episodic recognition task or an implicit judgment task, in order to study the role of spontaneous retrieval of episodic memories. Regardless of whether episodic memory was explicitly probed or not, repetition enhancement was found in medial posterior parietal (precuneus/cuneus), lateral parietal cortex (angular gyrus), as well as in medial prefrontal cortex (frontopolar), which did not differ by task. Enhancement effects in the posterior cingulate cortex were significantly larger during explicit compared to implicit task, primarily due to a lack of functional activity for new scenes. Taken together, the data are consistent with an interpretation that medial and (ventral) lateral parietal cortex are associated with spontaneous episodic retrieval, whereas posterior cingulate cortical regions may reflect task or decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Weymar
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher T Sege
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
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Kim H. Parietal control network activation during memory tasks may be associated with the co-occurrence of externally and internally directed cognition: A cross-function meta-analysis. Brain Res 2018; 1683:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effect of inter-train interval on the induction of repetition suppression of motor-evoked potentials using transcranial magnetic stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181663. [PMID: 28723977 PMCID: PMC5517025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetition suppression (RS) is evident as a weakened response to repeated stimuli after the initial response. RS has been demonstrated in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Here, we investigated the effect of inter-train interval (ITI) on the induction of RS of MEPs with the attempt to optimize the investigative protocols. Trains of TMS pulses, targeted to the primary motor cortex by neuronavigation, were applied at a stimulation intensity of 120% of the resting motor threshold. The stimulus trains included either four or twenty pulses with an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 1 s. The ITI was here defined as the interval between the last pulse in a train and the first pulse in the next train; the ITIs used here were 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, and 17 s. RS was observed with all ITIs except with the ITI of 1 s, in which the ITI was equal to ISI. RS was more pronounced with longer ITIs. Shorter ITIs may not allow sufficient time for a return to baseline. RS may reflect a startle-like response to the first pulse of a train followed by habituation. Longer ITIs may allow more recovery time and in turn demonstrate greater RS. Our results indicate that RS can be studied with confidence at relatively short ITIs of 6 s and above.
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