1
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Castro P, Corredor G, Koyuncu C, Nordstrom LA, Tiji M, Leavitt T, Lewis JS, Madabhushi A, Frederick MJ, Sandulache VC. Recurrent Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas Maintain Anti-tumor Immunity and Multinucleation Levels Following Completion of Radiation. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:952-960. [PMID: 37995073 PMCID: PMC10739687 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) recurrence is almost universally fatal. Development of effective therapeutic options requires an improved understanding of recurrent OPSCC biology. METHODS We analyzed paired primary-recurrent OPSCC from Veterans treated at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 2000 and 2020 who received curative intent radiation-based treatment (with or without chemotherapy). Patient tumors were analyzed using standard immunohistochemistry and automated imaging of infiltrating lymphocytes and multinucleated tumor cells coupled to machine learning algorithms. RESULTS Primary and recurrent tumors demonstrated high concordance via p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry, with comparable levels of multinucleation. In contrast, recurrent tumors demonstrated significantly higher levels of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p<0.05) and higher levels of PD-L1 expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Exposure to chemo-radiation and recurrence following treatment preserves critical features of intrinsic tumor biology and the tumor immune microenvironment suggesting that novel treatment regimens may be as effective in the salvage setting as in the definitive intent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Germán Corredor
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Can Koyuncu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke A Nordstrom
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Tiji
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Leavitt
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd. 5th Floor, Ste E5.200, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Frederick
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd. 5th Floor, Ste E5.200, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Houston, TX, USA.
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd. 5th Floor, Ste E5.200, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Castro P, Corredor G, Koyuncu C, Nordstrom LA, Tiji M, Leavitt T, Lewis JS, Madabhushi A, Frederick MJ, Sandulache VC. Recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas maintain anti-tumor immunity and multinucleation levels following completion of radiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3267009. [PMID: 37674722 PMCID: PMC10479446 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3267009/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) recurrence is almost universally fatal. Development of effective therapeutic options requires an improved understanding of recurrent OPSCC biology. Methods We analyzed paired primary-recurrent OPSCC from Veterans treated at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 2000 and 2020 who received curative intent radiation-based treatment (with or without chemotherapy). Patient tumors were analyzed using standard immunohistochemistry and automated imaging of infiltrating lymphocytes and multinucleated tumor cells coupled to machine learning algorithms. Results Primary and recurrent tumors demonstrated high concordance via p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry, with comparable levels of multinucleation. In contrast, recurrent tumors demonstrated significantly higher levels of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p<0.05) and higher levels of PD-L1 expression (p<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to chemo-radiation and recurrence following treatment does not appear deleterious to underlying biological characteristics and anti-tumor immunity of oropharyngeal cancer, suggesting that novel treatment regimens may be as effective in the salvage setting as in the definitive intent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Can Koyuncu
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Luke A Nordstrom
- Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Michelle Tiji
- Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Vlad C Sandulache
- Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center
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3
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Chandler KB, Pavan CH, Cotto Aparicio HG, Sackstein R. Enrichment and nLC-MS/MS Analysis of Head and Neck Cancer Mucinome Glycoproteins. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1231-1244. [PMID: 36971183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins expressed on cancer cell surfaces play central roles in cell adhesion, cancer progression, stem cell renewal, and immune evasion. Despite abundant evidence that mucin-domain glycoproteins are critical to the pathobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), our knowledge of the composition of that mucinome is grossly incomplete. Here, we utilized a catalytically inactive point mutant of the enzyme StcE (StcEE447D) to capture mucin-domain glycoproteins in head and neck cancer cell line lysates followed by their characterization using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), in-gel digestion, nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS), and enrichment analyses. We demonstrate the feasibility of this workflow for the study of mucin-domain glycoproteins in HNSCC, identify a set of mucin-domain glycoproteins common to multiple HNSCC cell lines, and report a subset of mucin-domain glycoproteins that are uniquely expressed in HSC-3 cells, a cell line derived from a highly aggressive metastatic tongue squamous cell carcinoma. This effort represents the first attempt to identify mucin-domain glycoproteins in HNSCC in an untargeted, unbiased analysis, paving the way for a more comprehensive characterization of the mucinome components that mediate aggressive tumor cell phenotypes. Data associated with this study have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD029420.
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van Schaik JE, Muller Kobold AC, van der Laan BFAM, van der Vegt B, van Hemel BM, Plaat BEC. SCC Antigen Concentrations in Fine-Needle Aspiration Samples to Detect Cervical Lymph Node Metastases: A Prospective Analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:407-412. [PMID: 35639471 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic value of measuring squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) concentrations in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples for the detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastases in cervical lymph nodes. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study with patients consecutively included between November 2018 and May 2021. SETTING A tertiary head and neck oncologic center. METHODS Out of 138 patients, SCC-Ag concentrations were analyzed in 168 FNA cervical lymph node samples and CA15-3 in 152 samples. Results were compared with FNA cytology (FNAC) or definitive histology to establish sensitivity and specificity rates. RESULTS For the detection of cervical SCC lymph node metastases, SCC-Ag measurement had an 89.4% sensitivity and 79.3% specificity at a cutoff concentration of 0.1 µg/L. Measurement of CA15-3 concentration in addition to SCC-Ag concentration did not lead to improved accuracy for the detection of SCC. In histology-confirmed cases, FNAC had an 80.0% sensitivity and 100% specificity, as opposed to 93.3% and 57.1%, respectively, for SCC-Ag. CONCLUSION Measurement of SCC-Ag concentration for detection of SCC lymph node metastases has a sensitivity at least comparable to FNAC and could be used as a relatively cheap screening tool in samples with nondiagnostic or indeterminate FNAC results or when multiple lymph nodes are sampled. However, SCC-Ag in FNA samples has a lower specificity than FNAC assessed by pathologists experienced in head and neck oncology. Addition of CA15-3 measurement did not lead to improved accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen E van Schaik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna C Muller Kobold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bettien M van Hemel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E C Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Ji Z, Fang Z, Dong X, Wang J, Wan X, Yan A. Potential ferroptosis-related diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in laryngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5277-5288. [PMID: 35829804 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and LC is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify potential ferroptosis-related biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in LC. METHODS We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ferroptosis in LC from the TCGA and FerrDb database. DEGs were identified and enrichment by GO/KEGG, GSEA, GSVA analysis. PPI analysis was performed using String and Cytoscape, then hub genes were extracted. Furthermore, ROC analysis, pan-cancer analysis, gene mutation analysis, immune infiltration correlation analysis and clinical correlation analysis of hub genes were performed. RESULTS A total of 59 DEGs were screened, which were more significantly enriched in biological processes and involved in HIF-1 signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse and ferroptosis. A total of 29 significant gene set pathways of LC data were performed by GSEA analysis. The GSVA analysis obtained 53 significant differential gene set pathways. The top 20 genes were identified by PPI. ROC curves revealed four of the top20 genes had a good performance, which were CA9 (AUC = 0.930), MAPK3 (AUC = 0.915), MUC1 (AUC = 0.945), and NOX4 (AUC = 0.933). Subsequent analysis found that CDKN2A has the highest mutation frequency in the top 20 gene, and IFNG had a significant correlation with age, tumor stage, degree of tumor differentiation and lymphatic clearance surgery. CONCLUSION Our study identified key genes closely related to ferroptosis in LC, which still need more studies to explore the mechanisms involved and may become effective clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyao Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Aihui Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Abdelwhab A, Shaker O, Aggour RL. Expression of Mucin1 in saliva in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders (case control study). Oral Dis 2022; 29:1487-1494. [PMID: 35080082 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of mucin1 is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissues and higher levels are associated with metastasis and invasion. The expression level of mucin1 in saliva of normal individuals, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and its correlation to clinical and histological variables was evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty oral potentially malignant disorders, 40 oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects, and 20 age matched-controls were included. Stimulated salivary samples were collected from all participants, and mucin1 expression was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Mucin1 expression in saliva was significantly elevated in oral potentially malignant disorders when compared with controls. Similarly, mucin1 expression was significantly elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma group when compared with oral potentially malignant disorders and controls. Mucin1 expression in OSCC patient showed significant positive correlations with T classification and distant Metastasis. Mucin1 expression in oral potentially malignant disorders patients showed significant positive correlations with degree of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of mucin1 in saliva might be a potential biomarker for diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abdelwhab
- Lecturer of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology Faculty of dentistry‐ October 6 University
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Professor of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University
| | - Reham Lotfy Aggour
- Associate Professor of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology Faculty of dentistry ‐ October 6 University
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7
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Croce MV. An Introduction to the Relationship Between Lewis x and Malignancy Mainly Related to Breast Cancer and Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancer Invest 2021; 40:173-183. [PMID: 34908476 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.2016800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lewis x functions as an adhesion molecule in glycolipids and glycoproteins since it mediates homophilic and heterophilic attachment of normal and tumoral cells. During malignancy, altered glycosylation is a frequent event; accumulating data support the expression of Lewis x in tumors although controversial results have been described including its relationship with patient survival. This report has been developed as an introduction to the relationship between Lewis x expression and breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Results obtained in our laboratory are presented in the context of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Croce
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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8
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Kashyap B, Kullaa AM. Regulation of mucin 1 expression and its relationship with oral diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104791. [PMID: 32652493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the polymorphic mucin 1 (MUC1), and to provide an overview of the known complex and multiple functions of MUC1 in normal oral mucosa and oral mucosal lesions in compromised situations as well as exploring the challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of MUC1. We will review the current knowledge and provide insights into the future management possibilities of using MUC1 as a therapeutic agent. METHODS A literature search of the electronic databases included MEDLINE (1966 -December 2019) and hand searches of cross-references were undertaken using terms related to mucins, MUC1. RESULTS MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of most of epithelial cell surfaces. Not only is it involved in lubrication, cell surface hydration, and protection against degrading enzymes, MUC1 also promotes abnormal cellular signalling, angiogenesis, anti-adhesion and tumorigenesis. Aberrant glycosylation, overexpression, loss of apical constraint are characteristics of the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell. This review summarizes studies of MUC1 expression and function with a special emphasis on oral epithelial cells in normal and abnormal conditions. In addition, current knowledge of MUC1 and unexplored areas of MUC1 are presented. CONCLUSION MUC1 is an archetypical transmembrane protein, the presence of MUC1 in ectopic regions may lead to dysregulation of certain enzymes and activation of various pathways, favouring the development of inflammatory responses and tumour formation. This review examines the potential of MUC1 in the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Kashyap
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, and Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
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9
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Pack CD, Bommireddy R, Munoz LE, Patel JM, Bozeman EN, Dey P, Radhakrishnan V, Vartabedian VF, Venkat K, Ramachandiran S, Reddy SJC, Selvaraj P. Tumor membrane-based vaccine immunotherapy in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody confers protection against immune checkpoint resistant murine triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3184-3193. [PMID: 32530786 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1754691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) afflicts women at a younger age than other breast cancers and is associated with a worse clinical outcome. This poor clinical outcome is attributed to a lack of defined targets and patient-to-patient heterogeneity in target antigens and immune responses. To address such heterogeneity, we tested the efficacy of a personalized vaccination approach for the treatment of TNBC using the 4T1 murine TNBC model. We isolated tumor membrane vesicles (TMVs) from homogenized 4T1 tumor tissue and incorporated glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored forms of the immunostimulatory B7-1 (CD80) and IL-12 molecules onto these TMVs to make a TMV vaccine. Tumor-bearing mice were then administered with the TMV vaccine either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We show that TMV-based vaccine immunotherapy in combination with anti-CTLA-4 mAb treatment upregulated immunomodulatory cytokines in the plasma, significantly improved survival, and reduced pulmonary metastasis in mice compared to either therapy alone. The depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, resulted in the loss of efficacy. This suggests that the vaccine acts via tumor-specific CD8+ T cell immunity. These results suggest TMV vaccine immunotherapy as a potential enhancer of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramireddy Bommireddy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaina M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erica N Bozeman
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paulami Dey
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kalpana Venkat
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Weed DT, Zilio S, Reis IM, Sargi Z, Abouyared M, Gomez-Fernandez CR, Civantos FJ, Rodriguez CP, Serafini P. The Reversal of Immune Exclusion Mediated by Tadalafil and an Anti-tumor Vaccine Also Induces PDL1 Upregulation in Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Interim Analysis of a Phase I Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1206. [PMID: 31214178 PMCID: PMC6554471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid Derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a key role in the progression and recurrence of human malignancies and in restraining the efficacy of adjuvant therapies. We have previously shown that Tadalafil lowers MDSCs and regulatory T cells (Treg) in the blood and in the tumor, primes a tumor specific immune response, and increases the number of activated intratumoral CD8+T cells in patients with primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, despite these important immune modulatory actions, to date no clinically significant effects have been reported following PDE5 inhibition. Here we report for the first time interim results of our ongoing phase I clinical trial (NCT02544880) in patients with recurrent HNSCC to evaluate the safety of and immunological effects of combining Tadalafil with the antitumor vaccine composed of Mucin1 (MUC1) and polyICLC. The combined treatment of Tadalafil and MUC1/polyICLC vaccine was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events or treatment limiting toxicities. Immunologically, this trial also confirms the positive immunomodulation of Tadalafil in patients with recurrent HNSCC and suggests an adjuvant effect of the anti-tumor vaccine MUC1/polyICLC. Additionally, image cytometry analysis of scanned tumors indicates that the PDE5 inhibitor Tadalafil in conjunction with the MUC1/polyICLC vaccine effectively reduces the number of PDL1+macrophages present at the tumor edge, and increases the number of activated tumor infiltrating T cells, suggesting reversion of immune exclusion. However, this analysis shows also that CD163 negative cells within the tumor upregulate PDL1 after treatment, suggesting the instauration of additional mechanisms of immune evasion. In summary, our data confirm the safety and immunologic potential of PDE5 inhibition in HNSCC but also point to PDL1 as additional mechanism of tumor evasion. This supports the rationale for combining checkpoint and PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Weed
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Serena Zilio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Isildinha M Reis
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Sylvester Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Resource, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zoukaa Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carmen R Gomez-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Francisco J Civantos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carla P Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Paolo Serafini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Lu H, Liang D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhou K, Liu L, Liu S, Yang W. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of MUC expression in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96359-96372. [PMID: 29221212 PMCID: PMC5707106 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of mucins expression in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. To address this, a meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate prognostic significance of mucins expression in HNC. Electronic and manual searches were performed and a total of 20 studies including 2046 patients were selected for the final analysis. Increased mucins expression was associated with unfavorable overall survival in HNC patients (HR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.43-2.33, p=0.000). Mucins overexpression was also in correlation with more advanced TNM stage (RR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97, p=0.017), higher risk of lymph node metastasis (RR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.84, p=0.000) and deeper invasion (RR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.76, p=0.000). These results suggested that elevated mucins expression was significantly associated with worse prognosis and more detrimental clinicopathological outcomes, revealing the promising potential of mucins as biomarkers for HNC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Xu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihua Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lewis x Antigen is Associated to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survival. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:525-531. [PMID: 28681122 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis without appropriate prognostic markers. Previous research shows that Lewis antigens have been involved in carcinoma dissemination and patients´ survival. Fucosyl and sialyltransferases are the enzymes implicated in the Lewis antigens synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of Lewis antigens in HNSCC. We conducted a prospective research including histological samples from 79 patients with primary HNSCC. Lewis x and sialyl Lewis x expression were detected by immunohistochemistry; patient's data, progression free, and overall survival were documented. A statistical correlation study of antigenic expression and patients´ histopathological variables was performed. Cox regression models with internal validation procedures were employed to analyze survival data. By immunohistochemistry, Lewis x was detected in 34/79 (43%) tumor samples, while sialyl Lewis x only in 11/79 (14%). Lewis x expression showed a positive correlation with tumor differentiation and a better overall survival for Lewis x + patients was detected. Moreover, multivariate Cox's regression analysis showed that Lewis x is an independent predictor of better overall survival. The in silico analysis supported the presence of deregulated fucosyl (FUT4) and sialyltransferase (ST3GAL4) in the Lewis synthetic pathway related to patient survival. These results suggest that Lewis x expression is associated with a better outcome in patients with HNSCC.
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Kumar MH, Sanjai K, Kumarswamy J, Keshavaiah R, Papaiah L, Divya S. Expression of MUC1 mucin in potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa: An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:214-8. [PMID: 27601811 PMCID: PMC4989549 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.185916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucins alteration in glycosylation is associated with the development and progression of malignant diseases. Therefore, mucins are used as valuable markers to distinguish normal and disease conditions. Many studies on MUC1 expression have been conducted on variety of neoplastic lesions other than head and neck region. None of the study has made an attempt to show its significance in potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hence, ours is one of the pioneer studies done to assess and evaluate the same. AIMS This study aims to compare and correlate the expression of MUC1 mucin protein in normal oral mucosa (NOM), PMD's and OSCC by immunohistochemical method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional study, archived tissue sections of OSCC (n = 20), PMD's (n = 20) and NOM (n = 20) were immunostained for MUC1 mucin and percentage of positive cells evaluated. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Student's t-test. RESULTS The mean MUC1 mucin positive cells in the study groups were as follows, 40% in OSCC, 28% in PMD's and 0.75% in NOM. Higher mean immunohistochemical score was observed in OSCC group followed by PMD's group and NOM group. The difference in immunohistochemical score among the groups was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The result of the current study suggests that determination of MUC1 mucin expression may be a parameter in the diagnosis of malignant behavior of PMD's to OSCC. MUC1 mucin expression may be a useful diagnostic marker for prediction of the invasive/metastatic potential of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karpagaselvi Sanjai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Kumarswamy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopavathi Keshavaiah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lokesh Papaiah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Divya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Liang JX, Liang Y, Gao W. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of sialyl Lewis X overexpression in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3113-25. [PMID: 27307752 PMCID: PMC4888715 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) is related to cancer prognosis and clinicopathology, but failed to provide conclusive results. We conducted the present meta-analysis to identify the association between sLeX overexpression and cancer prognosis. We searched studies in PubMed and Embase databases. Relative risk or hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals were estimated with the Mantel–Haenszel random-effect method and 29 studies were included. Our meta-analysis showed that sLeX overexpression is significantly related to lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, T stage, N stage, M stage, tumor stage, recurrence, and overall survival. In subgroup analysis, we found that cancer type and ethnicity might be two major contributing factors to the possible presence of heterogeneity among the studies. In conclusion, sLeX overexpression is associated with tumor metastasis, recurrence, and overall survival in cancer patients, it plays an important role in cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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MUC1 is upregulated in advanced prostate cancer and is an independent prognostic factor. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:242-7. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nuclear localization of MUC1 extracellular domain in breast, head and neck, and colon cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e294-300. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The glycoprotein MUC1 is overexpressed and underglycosylated in cancer cells. MUC1 is translated as a single polypeptide that undergoes autocleavage into 2 subunits (the extracellular domain and the cytoplasmic tail), and forms a stable heterodimer at the apical membrane of normal epithelial cells. The MUC1 cytoplasmic tail localizes to the cytoplasm of transformed cells and is targeted to the nucleus. Aims To study the expression of the MUC1 extracellular subunit in cell nuclei of neoplastic breast, head and neck, and colon samples. Materials and Methods 330 primary tumor samples were analyzed: 166 invasive breast carcinomas, 127 head and neck tumors, and 47 colon tumors; 10 benign breast disease (BBD) and 40 normal specimens were also included. A standard immunohistochemical method with antigen retrieval was performed. Nuclear fractions from tissue homogenates and breast cancer cell lines (ZR-75, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and T47D) were obtained and analyzed by Western blotting (WB). The anti-MUC1 extracellular subunit monoclonal antibody HMFG1 was used for immunohistochemistry. Results 37/166 breast cancer specimens, 5/127 head and neck cancer specimens, 2/47 colon cancer samples, and 3/10 BBD samples showed immunohistochemical staining at the nuclear level. No nuclear reaction was detected in normal samples. By WB, breast and colon cancer purified nuclear fractions showed reactivity at 200 kDa in 3/30 breast and 3/20 colon cancer samples as well as purified nuclear fractions obtained from breast cancer cell lines. Conclusions This study shows that the MUC1 extracellular domain might be translocated to the cell nucleus in breast, head and neck, and colon cancer as well as BBD.
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Kusafuka K, Muramatsu K, Iida Y, Mori K, Miki T, Suda T, Fuke T, Kamijo T, Onitsuka T, Nakajima T. MUC expression in adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck regions of Japanese patients: Immunohistochemical analysis. Pathol Int 2014; 64:104-14. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Kusafuka
- Pathology Division; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Koji Muramatsu
- Pathology Division; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iida
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- Clinical Trial Coordination Office; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tomoko Miki
- Pathology Division; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshihito Suda
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tomohito Fuke
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamijo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tetsuro Onitsuka
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Pathology Division; Shizuoka Cancer Center; Sunto-gun Shizuoka Japan
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Lin CY, Ho JY, Hsieh MT, Chiang HL, Chuang JM, Whang-Peng J, Chang YC, Tseng YH, Chen SF, Nieh S, Hwang J. Reciprocal relationship of Tn/NF-κB and sTn as an indicator of the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2013; 64:713-21. [PMID: 24117943 DOI: 10.1111/his.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In order to determine whether the expression of tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (Tn/sTn) and a representative inflammation marker, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is associated with the invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), this study has attempted to investigate the correlation of the aforementioned markers with the well-established invasive pattern grading score (IPGS) and clinicopathological parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Specimens from 143 OSCC patients with classified clinicopathological parameters and IPGS were stained immunohistochemically using anti-Tn, sTn and NF-κB antibodies. Our results showed that the expression of both Tn and NF-κB was correlated positively with staging (P = 0.036; P = 0.015), recurrence (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.005; P = 0.009), as well as with IPGS, while the expression of sTn was correlated inversely. In addition, poor survival was associated with overexpression of Tn and NF-κB but not with expression of sTn. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a reciprocal relationship between Tn and sTn expression may serve as a reliable indicator for OSCC prognostic evaluation. In addition, expression of Tn rather than sTn may play an important role in deeply invasive OSCC via regulation of NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit striking changes in cell surface glycosylation as a consequence of dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. In particular, an increase in the expression of certain sialylated glycans is a prominent feature of many transformed cells. Altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors including invasion and enhanced cell survival; however, there is limited information regarding the molecular details of how distinct sialylated structures or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to control responses such as adhesion/migration or resistance to specific apoptotic pathways. The goal of this review is to highlight selected examples of sialylated glycans for which there is some knowledge of molecular mechanisms linking aberrant sialylation to critical processes involved in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schultz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 982A 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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Hamada T, Nomura M, Kamikawa Y, Yamada N, Batra SK, Yonezawa S, Sugihara K. DF3 epitope expression on MUC1 mucin is associated with tumor aggressiveness, subsequent lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2012; 118:5251-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Recent advances in mucin immunohistochemistry in salivary gland tumors and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:797-803. [PMID: 21723776 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the immunohistochemical expression of members of the MUC-type mucin family in salivary gland tumors and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Information is available on changes in the expression levels and distribution profiles of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6 and MUC7 in tumors of the salivary glands; and of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC4 in HNSCC. In salivary gland tumors the expression patterns of MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC and MUC6 appear to be very closely correlated with the histopathological tumor type indicating their potential use to improve diagnostic accuracy in salivary gland neoplasia. Some MUC-type mucins have emerged as valuable prognostic indicators in pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and HNSCC. Nine antibodies directed against different MUC1 antigens have thus far been examined in HNSCC of which monoclonal antibodies DF3, HMFG-1 and Ma695 have shown significant correlations with disease outcome. The importance of taking the specific anti-MUC antibody into consideration when comparing the results of different studies on MUC expression in salivary gland tumors and HNSCC is also highlighted in this review.
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What role do mucins have in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma? A systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 268:1109-1117. [PMID: 21526360 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are the dominant component in the protective mucus layer on mucosal surfaces including the larynx. Hence, they are part of the first line of defence against external stimuli including effect of smoking in the larynx. We asked whether existing published evidence supported the hypothesis that alteration in mucins expression/production is related to the laryngeal neoplastic process. The objective of this study is to review published evidence for mucins having an important role in normal laryngeal physiology and the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We aimed to review all available literature on mucins in the larynx in order to develop hypotheses to be tested by future research. Thereby, new potential means of prevention and treatment of laryngeal cancer may be developed. A systematic search of all published literature was conducted. Systematic searches were done in the following databases: AMED, BNI, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE from their respective inception up to 11 February 2011. The following keywords were used in combination: mucin, larynx and squamous cell carcinoma. Altogether, 53 studies were identified; 43 studies were excluded following screening of the titles and abstracts. Full text manuscripts for ten studies were obtained for detailed evaluation and five studies were included in this review. No single study fulfilled all relevant criteria. Based on the included studies, we now know that MUC1 is definitely expressed in SCC larynx. However, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that MUC1 and MUC2 are aberrantly expressed in SCC larynx as compared to normal larynx. Further studies using the best available detection technique to detect MUC1, MUC2 and other possible relevant mucins i.e., MUC4 on adequate numbers of normal and SCC specimens are needed to confirm the findings of this review.
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Abstract
The overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 is associated with a wide variety of cancers, making it an ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the main avenues of research in this field, focusing on adenocarcinomas, from the preclinical to clinical; the problems and possible solutions associated with each approach; and speculates on the direction of MUC1 immunotherapeutic research over the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Kirkeby S, Moe D, Bardow A. MUC1 and the simple mucin-type antigens: Tn and Sialyl-Tn are differently expressed in salivary gland acini and ducts from the submandibular gland, the vestibular folds, and the soft palate. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:830-41. [PMID: 20800830 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Autopsies of the submandibular gland, the vestibular folds and the soft palate from 65-87 old humans were examined to record the immunohistochemical expression of MUC1 and the simple mucin-type antigens Tn and Sialyl-Tn. RESULTS (1) The serous acini in the submucosal glands from the larynx and the soft palate expressed MUC1-associated glycans that were not detectable in the serous acini from the submandibular gland. (2) Virtually all the submucosal acini at oral site of the soft palate are mucous, and in contrast to mucous acini in the vestibular folds and submandibular gland, the palatinal acini in the submucosa underneath the oral mucosa showed a well-defined cytoplasmic reaction with anti-MUC1 antibodies as wells as with anti-Tn. (3) Both the mucous acini and the ducts at the oral site of the soft palate showed reaction for Sialyl-Tn while in the vestibular folds and in the submandibular gland expression for this carbohydrate was observed only in the acini. (4) The staining obtained after incubation with the Tn antibodies showed no cross localization with the staining obtained after incubation with an anti-A blood group antibody. (5) All the autopsies showed reaction in the glands after incubation with the MUC1 antibodies while some autopsies reacted with the anti-Tn antibodies and/or with the anti-Sialyl-Tn antibodies and others did not. CONCLUSION The mucin expression in the acini and ducts from the upper human aerodigestive tract strongly depended on the location of the glandular tissue.
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