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Chang Y, Guo T, Zhu B, Liu Y. A novel nomogram for predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:101136. [PMID: 37479060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis of patients with microvascular invasion (MVI) is poor. Therefore, in this study, we established and evaluated the performance of a novel nomogram to predict MVI in patients with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively obtained clinical data of 497 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy at Liaoning Cancer Hospital from November 1, 2018, to November 4, 2021. The patients (n = 497) were randomized in a 7:3 ratio into the training cohort (TC, n = 349) and the validation cohort (VC, n = 148). We performed Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and univariate as well as multivariate logistic regression analyses (ULRA, MRLA) on patients in the TC to identify factors independently predicting MVI. RESULTS Preoperative FIB-4, AFU, AFP levels, liver cirrhosis, and non-smooth tumor margin were independent risk factors for preoperative MVI prediction. The C-index of the TC, VC, and the entire cohort was 0.846, 0.786, and 0.829, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated the outstanding agreement between predicted MVI incidences by our model and the actual MVI risk. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the significance of our predictive model in clinical settings. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve showed that the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients in the high-MVI risk group were poor compared to those in the low-MVI risk group. CONCLUSIONS We constructed and evaluated the performance of the novel nomogram for predicting MVI risk. Our predictive model could adequately predict MVI risk and aid clinicians in selecting appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, PR China
| | - Yefu Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, PR China.
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2
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Deng K, Xing J, Xu G, Jin B, Wan X, Zheng Y, Du S, Sang X. Urinary biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge for clinicians. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:239. [PMID: 37833757 PMCID: PMC10571477 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant primary liver cancer, causing many illnesses and deaths worldwide. The insidious clinical presentation, difficulty in early diagnosis, and the highly malignant nature make the prognosis of HCC extremely poor. The complex and heterogeneous pathogenesis of HCC poses significant challenges to developing therapies. Urine-based biomarkers for HCC, including diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring markers, may be valuable supplements to current tools such as serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and seem promising for progress in precision medicine. Herein, we reviewed the major urinary biomarkers for HCC and assessed their potential for clinical application. Molecular types, testing platforms, and methods for building multimolecule models in the included studies have shown great diversity, thus providing abundant novel tools for future clinical transformation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Deng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiali Xing
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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3
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Yan Q, Sun YS, An R, Liu F, Fang Q, Wang Z, Xu T, Chen L, Du J. Application and progress of the detection technologies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492708 PMCID: PMC10363596 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very high incidence and fatality rate, and in most cases, it is already at an advanced stage when diagnosed. Therefore, early prevention and detection of HCC are two of the most effective strategies. However, the methods recommended in the practice guidelines for the detection of HCC cannot guarantee high sensitivity and specificity except for the liver biopsy, which is known as the "gold standard". In this review, we divided the detection of HCC into pre-treatment diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring, and found that in addition to the traditional imaging detection and liver biopsy, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris-agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) and other biomarkers are excellent biomarkers for HCC, especially when they are combined together. Most notably, the emerging liquid biopsy shows great promise in detecting HCC. In addition, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and other relevant biomarkers may become promising biomarkers for HCC post-treatment monitoring. Through the detailed introduction of the diagnostic technology of HCC, we can have a detailed understanding of its development process and then obtain some enlightenment from the diagnosis, to improve the diagnostic rate of HCC and reduce its mortality.
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Fan N, Li P, Zhou Y, Wu C, Wang X, Liu Z, Tang B. Demystifying Lysosomal α-l-Fucosidase in Liver Cancer-Bearing Mice by Specific Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging. ACS Sens 2022; 7:71-81. [PMID: 34968045 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and has high mortality. However, the early treatment and prognosis can greatly prolong the survival time of patients, which depends on its early detection. α-l-Fucosidase (AFU), as a vital lysosomal hydrolase, is considered to be an ideal biomarker for early stage liver cancer. So, in vivo monitoring of AFU is essential for the early and accurate diagnosis of liver cancer. Hence, we designed the first two-photon turn-on fluorescent reporter, termed HcyCl-F, which localized to lysosomes for fast imaging of AFU. The 2-chloro-4-phenyl-α-l-fucoside bond of HcyCl-F could be effectively hydrolyzed by AFU and released the hydroxyl on the benzene ring, eventually obtaining a strong conjugated compound (HcyCl-OH) with shiny fluorescence. We demonstrated that HcyCl-F was able to rapidly and accurately respond to AFU. Using a two-photon fluorescence microscope, we successfully visualized the fluctuation of AFU in lysosomes. More importantly, a fascinatingly strong fluorescence signal was observed in the tumor tissue of liver cancer-bearing mice. Of note, we confirmed that HcyCl-F could clearly detect liver tumors in stage I. Altogether, our work provides a simple and convenient method for deciphering the critical pathological function of AFU in depth and facilitates the nondestructive and effective diagnosis of liver cancer in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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Hamodat ZMAA. Properties of alpha-L-fucosidase for serum of patients with hepatocellular cancer and cytotoxicity on some cancer cell lines. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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El-Shayeb AF, El-Habachi NM, Mansour AR, Zaghloul MS. Serum midkine is a more sensitive predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma than Dickkopf-1 and alpha-L-fucosidase in cirrhotic HCV patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25112. [PMID: 33907088 PMCID: PMC8084028 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level is the gold standard diagnostic tool for detection and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but with low sensitivity. Thus, the identification of alternative or combined serum markers of HCC is highly needed. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify the value of serum midkine (MDK), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) in detection of HCC.We recruited 244 subjects to the present study; 89 with liver cirrhosis, 86 cirrhotic hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced HCC, and 69 apparently healthy volunteers as controls. Serum AFP, MDK, DKK1, and AFU were measured by ELISA.Patients with HCC showed significantly higher serum MDK, DKK1, and AFU levels compared with those patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls (X2 = 179.56, 153.94, and 90.07 respectively) (P < .001 in all). In HCC cases, neither of MDK, DKK1, or AFU was correlated with tumor number. On the other hand, only serum DKK1 was significantly higher in lesions >5 cm, those with portal vein thrombosis and advanced HCC stage. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum MDK levels discriminated between cirrhosis and HCC at a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90% at cut-off value of >5.1 ng/mL.Although our results showed that serum MDK, DKK-1, and AFU are increased in HCC cases only MDK may be considered as the most promising serological marker for the prediction of the development of HCC in cirrhotic HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amal R. Mansour
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria
| | - Mariam S. Zaghloul
- Hepatology, Gastroentrology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Dai W, Ke PF, Li ZZ, Zhuang QZ, Huang W, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Huang XZ. Establishing Classifiers With Clinical Laboratory Indicators to Distinguish COVID-19 From Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Retrospective Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23390. [PMID: 33534722 PMCID: PMC7901596 DOI: 10.2196/23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The initial symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are very much like those of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); it is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP with clinical symptoms and imaging examination. Objective The objective of our study was to construct an effective model for the early identification of COVID-19 that would also distinguish it from CAP. Methods The clinical laboratory indicators (CLIs) of 61 COVID-19 patients and 60 CAP patients were analyzed retrospectively. Random combinations of various CLIs (ie, CLI combinations) were utilized to establish COVID-19 versus CAP classifiers with machine learning algorithms, including random forest classifier (RFC), logistic regression classifier, and gradient boosting classifier (GBC). The performance of the classifiers was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and recall rate in COVID-19 prediction using the test data set. Results The classifiers that were constructed with three algorithms from 43 CLI combinations showed high performance (recall rate >0.9 and AUROC >0.85) in COVID-19 prediction for the test data set. Among the high-performance classifiers, several CLIs showed a high usage rate; these included procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), uric acid, albumin, albumin to globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil count, red blood cell (RBC) count, monocyte count, basophil count, and white blood cell (WBC) count. They also had high feature importance except for basophil count. The feature combination (FC) of PCT, AGR, uric acid, WBC count, neutrophil count, basophil count, RBC count, and MCHC was the representative one among the nine FCs used to construct the classifiers with an AUROC equal to 1.0 when using the RFC or GBC algorithms. Replacing any CLI in these FCs would lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the classifiers that were built with them. Conclusions The classifiers constructed with only a few specific CLIs could efficiently distinguish COVID-19 from CAP, which could help clinicians perform early isolation and centralized management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfa Dai
- Department of Respiration, Gong An County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Pei-Feng Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Zhuang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Respiration, Gong An County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Takeda K, Kusuoka R, Inukai M, Igarashi K, Ohno H, Nakamura N. An amperometric biosensor of L-fucose in urine for the first screening test of cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 174:112831. [PMID: 33288426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative routine detection of fucose, which is a cancer marker, in urine is effective for the preliminary screening of cancer. Amperometric biosensing methods have the advantage of being simple, rapid, and precise for urinalysis. However, coexisting electroactive interferences such as ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) prevent accurate measurements. In this work, an amperometric l-fucose biosensor unaffected by interferences was developed and utilizes direct electron transfer type bioelectrocatalysis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent pyranose dehydrogenase from Coprinopsis cinerea (CcPDH). The isolated PQQ domain from CcPDH was immobilized on gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified electrodes, which obtained a catalytic current at a lower potential than the oxidation potential of the interfering compounds. Applying an operating potential of -0.1 V vs. Ag|AgCl (3 M NaCl) enabled the detection of l-fucose while completely eliminating the oxidation of AA, DA, and UA on the electrodes. The increase in the specific area of the electrodes by increasing the AuNP drop-casting time resulted in an improvement in the sensor performance. The biosensor exhibited a linear range for l-fucose detection between 0.1 mM and 1 mM (R2 = 0.9996), including a cut-off value, the sensitivity was 3.12 ± 0.05 μA mM-1 cm-2, and the detection limit was 13.6 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. The biosensor can be used to quantify the concentration of l-fucose at physiological levels and does not require urine preprocessing, making it applicable to practical use for point-of-care testing with urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Kusuoka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Misaki Inukai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Protein Discovery and Engineering Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuhumi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Takeda K, Igarashi K, Yoshida M, Nakamura N. Discovery of a novel quinohemoprotein from a eukaryote and its application in electrochemical devices. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107372. [PMID: 31759220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase is one of the extensively studied sugar-oxidizing enzymes used as a biocatalyst for biosensors and biofuel cells. A novel pyranose dehydrogenase (CcPDH) derived from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is the first discovered eukaryotic PQQ-dependent enzyme. This enzyme carries a b-type cytochrome domain that is homologous to the cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH); thus, CcPDH is a quinohemoprotein. CcPDH catalyzes the oxidation of various aldose sugars and shows significant activity toward the reverse-chair conformation of pyranoses. Interdomain electron transfer occurs in CcPDH similar to CDH, from the PQQ cofactor in the catalytic domain to the heme b in the cytochrome domain. This enzyme is able to direct electrical communication with electrodes, without artificial electron mediators, thus allowing direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, we briefly describe recent progress in research on the biochemical discovery of CcPDH and the development of (bio)electrochemical applications (an amperometric biosensor) based on DET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuhumi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Yu X, Zhang R, Yang T, Zhang M, Xi K, Lin Y, Wen Y, Wang G, Huang Z, Zhang X, Zhang L. Alpha-l-fucosidase: a novel serum biomarker to predict prognosis in early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3980-3990. [PMID: 31656672 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) not only detects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early but also is used as a clinical prognostic indicator of several malignant tumors. However, no study has investigated the prognostic significance of AFU in a cohort of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Methods A retrospective dataset that included 160 consecutive patients with early stage (pT1N0) ESCC who received surgery between January 2005 and December 2012 was analyzed to identify the prognostic value of serum AFU for overall survival (OS) by using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox multivariate regression modeling. Results The level of serum AFU ranged from 6.2 to 77.0 U/L with a median of 19.9 U/L, and the best cutoff point for OS was 17.95 U/L. Analysis by Pearson's correlation showed that the levels of serum ALT and GGT were both positively correlated with the level of serum AFU (r=0.403, P<0.001 and r=0.264, P=0.001, respectively). After adjusting for significant factors identified by univariate analysis, the Cox multivariate regression model indicated that a young age (<65 years), no history of alcohol consumption, and a low AFU level (≤17.95 U/L) were still significantly associated with longer OS (P=0.008, 0.004 and 0.017, respectively). The 5-year and 10-year OS rates for patients with high AFU levels vs. low AFU levels were 76.2% vs. 86.0%, and, 46.7% vs. 83.4%, respectively. Conclusions Compared with other serum biomarkers, AFU showed a better prognostic value for long-term survival in patients with early stage ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rusi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tianzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Kexing Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yongbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yingsheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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11
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Deng Y, Zhao Y, Fan W, Peng J, Luo X, Mo Y, Xiao B, Zhang L, Pan Z. Preoperative AFU Is a Useful Serological Prognostic Predictor for Colorectal Liver Oligometastasis Patients Undergoing Hepatic Resection. J Cancer 2019; 10:5049-5056. [PMID: 31602256 PMCID: PMC6775624 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preoperative alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for several cancers, but its role as a prognostic predictor in colorectal cancer liver oligometastasis (CLOM) patients after radical surgery has not been well defined. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative serum AFU for CLOM patients after hepatic resection. Methods: A retrospective data set was collected to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative AFU in CLOM patients after radical hepatic resection. A total of 269 patients with histopathologically confirmed CLOM were enrolled. The optimal cut-off value of preoperative AFU was determined using X-tile software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the prognostic significance of preoperative serum AFU. Results: The X-tile software showed that the optimal cut-off value of preoperative AFU was set at 30.8 U/L. Patients with preoperative AFU≤30.8 and >30.8 were classified into high and low AFU groups, respectively. Female patients and those with a single liver metastasis had a higher tendency to have a preoperative AFU≤30.8 U/L; patients with lower clinical risk score (CRS) were more likely to have AFU >30.8 U/L than patients with higher CRS. The results showed that preoperative AFU was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (P=0.041). Patients with a preoperative AFU≤30.8 U/L had a lower OS rate than those with AFU>30.8 U/L. Furthermore, for patients with lower CRS scores (0-2), the tendency clearly showed that patients with higher preoperative AFU had a better prognosis (P=0.029). Conclusions: Higher preoperative serum AFU can predict better survival in CLOM patients after hepatic resection, especially for CLOM patients with lower CRS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Mo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Xing H, Qiu H, Ding X, Han J, Li Z, Wu H, Yan C, Li H, Han R, Zhang H, Li C, Wang M, Wu M, Shen F, Zheng Y, Yang T. Clinical performance of α-L-fucosidase for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Med 2019; 13:545-555. [PMID: 31140827 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum AFU for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Concentration of AFU and AFP were measured in 512 patients. The performance was compared for AFU and AFP alone or in combination. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) for AFU was 0.68, with a sensitivity of 56.1% and specificity of 69.2% at the cut-off value of 24 U/l; whereas the AUC for AFP was 0.83, with a sensitivity of 58.2% and specificity of 85.2% at cut-off value of 20 ng/ml. The AUC of AFU alone or the combination with AFP were lower than that of AFP alone. Conclusion: AFU is a suboptimal biomarker for early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cunling Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ruilin Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mingda Wang
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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13
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Attia M, Youssef A, Khan ZA, Abou-Omar M. Alpha fetoprotein assessment by using a nano optical sensor thin film binuclear Pt-2-aminobenzimidazole-Bipyridine for early diagnosis of liver cancer. Talanta 2018; 186:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ahmed HH, Rady HM, Kotob SE. Evidences for the antitumor potentiality of Hemimycale arabica and Negombata magnifica mesohyls in hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Alpha-L-Fucosidase Serves as a Prognostic Indicator for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Inhibits Its Invasion Capacity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8182575. [PMID: 29682557 PMCID: PMC5842738 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8182575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) has been reported to be a predictor of survival in patients with several cancers, but it is unclear whether AFU is associated with prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). In this study, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to generate the cutoff point of AFU for overall survival (OS). The prognostic influence of the AFU level in serum on OS was studied using Kaplan-Meier curves. Moreover, invasion assays and Western blotting were performed to explore the effects of AFU on iCCA invasion in vitro. We found that higher AFU levels (≥20.85 U/L) were significantly associated with favorable median OS (44.3 months versus 20.1 months; P = 0.022) in iCCA patients. Cox regression models' analyses showed that the AFU level was an independent predictor for OS (P = 0.006). Moreover, our results revealed that the AFU could impair the invasion capability of the iCCA cells, HuH28, and also downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. In conclusion, our results indicate that AFU is a significantly favorable prognostic factor in iCCA patients.
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16
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Junna Z, Gongde C, Jinying X, Xiu Z. Serum AFU, 5'-NT and AFP as Biomarkers for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:354-358. [PMID: 29043300 PMCID: PMC5639394 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical value of serum α-L-fucosidase (AFU), 5’-nucleotidase (5’-NT) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as biomarkers for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) diagnosis. Methods: Thirty six primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) patients and 36 healthy controls were recruited in this study from February 2014 to January 2016 in the Second People’s Hospital of Tianjin. The serum level of AFU, 5’-NT and AFP were examined and compared between the two groups. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated by STATA11.0 software. Results: The serum level of AFU, 5’-NT, AFP were 30.87±10.43(U/L), 5.58±3.89(U/L), 233.60±226.60 (μg/L) respectively for primary hepatocellular carcinoma group and 19.96±6.73 (U/L), 1.87±0.84 (U/L), 16.64±14.17 (μg/L) for healthy control groups. The serum level of AFU, 5’-NT and AFP in primary hepatocellular carcinoma group were significant higher than those of healthy control group (P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 (95%CI:l0.61-0.90), 0.64 (95%CI:0.46-0.79) for serum AFU, 0.75(95%CI:0.58-0.88), 0.72(95%CI:0.55- 0.86) for serum 5’-NT and 0.72 (95%CI:0.55-0.86), 0.92 (95%CI:0.78-0.98) for serum AFP respectively. The AUC under the ROC curve were 0.80 (0.69-0.90), 0.80 (0.69-0.91) and 0.87 (0.780-0.96) for serum AFU, 5’-NT and AFP respectively. Positive correlation between AFU and 5’-NT (rpearson=0.63, P<0.05), AFU and AFP (rpearson=0.49, P<0.05), 5’-NT and AFP(rpearson=0.44, P<0.05) were found in the primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Serum AFU, 5’-NT and AFP were higher in PHC patients than those of healthy controls. The difference between PHC patients and healthy controls made serum AFU, 5’-NT and AFP potential biomarker for PHC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Junna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People’s Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin300192P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Chen Gongde
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Armed Police Medical College of Tianjin, Tianjin300162P.R. China
| | - Xu Jinying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin300100P.R. China
| | - Zhou Xiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of armed police Logistics College, Tianjin300162P.R. China
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17
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Berretta M, Cavaliere C, Alessandrini L, Stanzione B, Facchini G, Balestreri L, Perin T, Canzonieri V. Serum and tissue markers in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical and prognostic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14192-14220. [PMID: 28077782 PMCID: PMC5355172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the high incidence, treatment options for advanced HCC remain limited and unsuccessful, resulting in a poor prognosis. Despite the major advances achieved in the diagnostic management of HCC, only one third of the newly diagnosed patients are presently eligible for curative treatments. Advances in technology and an increased understanding of HCC biology have led to the discovery of novel biomarkers. Improving our knowledge about serum and tissutal markers could ultimately lead to an early diagnosis and better and early treatment strategies for this deadly disease. Serum biomarkers are striking potential tools for surveillance and early diagnosis of HCC thanks to the non-invasive, objective, and reproducible assessments they potentially enable. To date, many biomarkers have been proposed in the diagnosis of HCC. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy, characterized by early lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, with 5-year survival rates of 5%-10%. The identification of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic or predictive value is especially important as resection (by surgery or combined with a liver transplant) has shown promising results and novel therapies are emerging. However, the relatively low incidence of CCA, high frequency of co-existing cholestasis or cholangitis (primary sclerosing cholangitis –PSC- above all), and difficulties with obtaining adequate samples, despite advances in sampling techniques and in endoscopic visualization of the bile ducts, have complicated the search for accurate biomarkers. In this review, we attempt to analyze the existing literature on this argument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto Taranto, Italy
| | - Lara Alessandrini
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "G. Pascale" Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Balestreri
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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18
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Waidely E, Al-Youbi AO, Bashammakh AS, El-Shahawi MS, Leblanc RM. Study of the Alpha-l-Fucosidase Langmuir Monolayer at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12843-12849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Waidely
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science
Center, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Abdulrahman O. Al-Youbi
- Department
of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S. Bashammakh
- Department
of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. El-Shahawi
- Department
of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science
Center, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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19
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Shahat AA, Alsaid MS, Kotob SE, Ahmed HH. Significance of Rumex vesicarius as anticancer remedy against hepatocellular carcinoma: a proposal-based on experimental animal studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4303-10. [PMID: 26028090 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex vesicarius is an edible herb distributed in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The whole plant has significant value in folk medicine and it has been used to alleviate several diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major primary malignant tumor of the liver, is one of the most life-threatening human cancers. The goal of the current study was to explore the potent role of Rumex vesicarius extract against HCC induced in rats. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: (I): Healthy animals received orally 0.9% normal saline and served as negative control group, (II): HCC group in which rats were orally administered N-nitrosodiethylamine NDEA, (III): HCC group treated orally with R. vesicarius extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg b.wt daily for two months. ALT and AST, ALP and γ-GT activities were estimated. CEA, AFP, AFU, GPC-3, Gp-73 and VEGF levels were quantified. Histopathological examination of liver tissue sections was also carried out. The results of the current study showed that the treatment of the HCC group with R. vesicarius extract reversed the significant increase in liver enzymes activity, CEA, AFP, AFU, glypican 3, golgi 73 and VEGF levels in serum as compared to HCC-untreated counterparts. In addition, the favorable impact of R. vesicarius treatment was evidenced by the marked improvement in the histopathological features of the liver of the treated group. In conclusion, the present experimental setting provided evidence for the significance of R. vesicarius as anticancer candidate with a promising anticancer potential against HCC. The powerful hepatoprotective properties, the potent antiangiogenic activity and the effective antiproliferative capacity are responsible for the anticancer effect of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Giza, Egypt E-mail :
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20
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Waidely E, Al-Yuobi ARO, Bashammakh AS, El-Shahawi MS, Leblanc RM. Serum protein biomarkers relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma and their detection. Analyst 2015; 141:36-44. [PMID: 26606739 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most recurrent and lethal cancers worldwide. The low survival rate of this particular strain of carcinoma is largely due to the late stages at which it is diagnosed. Tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is most frequently detected through ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography scans, however, these methods are poor for detection of early tumor development. This review presents alternative hepatocellular carcinoma detection techniques through the use of protein and enzyme/isozyme biomarkers. The detection methods used to determine the serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), α-L-fucosidase (AFU), des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) are presented and each marker's respective validity in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Waidely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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21
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Mossad NA, Mahmoud EH, Osman EA, Mahmoud SH, Shousha HI. Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IGM) and alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) as novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11559-64. [PMID: 25129443 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance lacks a reliable biomarker. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used. However, not all HCCs secrete AFP. AFP may be elevated with cirrhosis in the absence of HCC. Serum alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IgM) were found to be useful markers in diagnosing HCC. SCCA-IgM and AFU were assessed by ELISA technique; AFP was measured by enzyme chemiluminescence in serum of 40 patients with HCC, 30 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 20 healthy control participants to compare their accuracy in early diagnosis of HCC. Serum SCCA-IgM and AFU levels were significantly elevated in HCC group compared to cirrhotic group (P value<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the optimal cutoff value for SCCA-IgM was 233 AU/ml with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 66% and for AFU was 25 U/L with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 98%. AFP cutoff value was 48 ng/mL with sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 53.3%. The simultaneous determination of AFP and SCCA-IgM activity increased the sensitivity to 92.5% and specificity to 62.1%. There were positive significant correlations between SCCA-IgM and each of AFU (r=0.296, P=0.005) and AFP (r=0.284, P=0.007) and no correlation between AFP and AFU. All markers did not correlate with the tumor size or affected by the Child score. The significant difference between SCCA-IgM and AFU levels among HCC and cirrhotic patients suggests their use as potential diagnostic tools and allows identifying a new group of HCC patients even in the absence of elevated AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad A Mossad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Wang K, Guo W, Li N, Shi J, Zhang C, Lau WY, Wu M, Cheng S. Alpha-1-fucosidase as a prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy: a large-scale, long-term study. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1811-9. [PMID: 24569461 PMCID: PMC3974071 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Preoperative alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role as a prognostic predictor after partial hepatectomy has not been well defined. The study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative serum AFU for HCC patients after hepatic resection. Methods: A retrospective training data set and a prospective validation data set were used to evaluate the prognosis of HCC after partial hepatectomy. A total of 669 patients with histopathologically confirmed HCC were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the prognostic significance of preoperative serum AFU. Results: The retrospective training data set showed a preoperative AFU>35 u l−1 should be used. The prospective validation data set showed preoperative AFU was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) (P=0.008; hazard ratio: 2.333; 95% confidence interval: 1.249–4.369). Patients with a preoperative AFU>35 u l−1 had a lower recurrence-free survival rate and an OS rate than those with AFU⩽35 u l−1, and they have a higher tendency to form macrovascular invasion. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of AFU>35 u l−1 could also be applied to patients with alpha-fetoprotein levels of ⩽400 ng ml−1. Conclusions: Preoperative serum AFU is a prognostic predictor of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - N Li
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Shi
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Zhang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Y Lau
- 1] Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China [2] Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Wu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Mohamed FZ, Hussein YM, El-Deen IM, Sabea MS. Cyclooxygenase-2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1461-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Gan Y, Liang Q, Song X. Diagnostic value of alpha-L-fucosidase for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3953-60. [PMID: 24395655 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the primary marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been used widely in the clinic, but AFP is a biomarker characterized by poor sensitivity and specificity. Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) has been proposed as a tumor marker for diagnosis of HCC in many studies. However, conclusions of its diagnostic value are inconsistent. The current review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of AFU for HCC. After systematic review of 12 related studies, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled using random-effect models. Summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve analysis was used to summarize the overall test performance. The pooled sensitivity for AFU was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.76), while the pooled specificity was 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.81). DOR was 10.26 (95% CI 5.99-17.59), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8125. AFU had great value for the diagnosis of HCC as a serum marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Gan
- Department of Surgery of Bone Tumour, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830000, People's Republic of China
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25
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Saad-Hussein A, Beshir S, Moubarz G, Elserougy S, Ibrahim MI. Effect of occupational exposure to aflatoxins on some liver tumor markers in textile workers. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:818-24. [PMID: 23359393 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a study of textile workers, the effects of occupational exposure to cotton dust-with possible exposure to aflatoxin-on levels of some liver tumor biomarkers were explored. METHODS The study included 58 textile workers and 64 controls. Skin prick tests, urinary Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and the tumor biomarkers (alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1) were measured. RESULTS Positive reactants to Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and cotton dust were significantly higher in pre-spinning (14.3%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively) and spinning workers (25.0%, 33.3%, and 25.0%, respectively) compared to controls (4.7%, 7.8%, and 3.1%, respectively). Urinary AFM1 was significantly higher in the pre-spinning, spinning, and weaving groups compared to controls (554.2 ± 346.2 pg/ml, 459.1 ± 781.6 pg/ml, 296.5 ± 336.5 pg/ml and 68.5 ± 136.8 pg/ml, respectively). We found a highly significant increase in levels of serum AFU in textile workers, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Exposure to fungi had a significant effect on AFM1 measurements and tumor biomarkers, especially in allergic textile workers (with the exception of the arginase biomarker), though results were generally within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Saad-Hussein
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
| | - Safia Beshir
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
| | - Gehan Moubarz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
| | - Safaa Elserougy
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed I.M. Ibrahim
- Department of Food Toxicology & Contaminants; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
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26
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Chen K, Zhang H, Zhang LN, Ju SQ, Qi J, Huang DF, Li F, Wei Q, Zhang J. Value of circulating cell-free DNA in diagnosis of hepatocelluar carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3143-3149. [PMID: 23716996 PMCID: PMC3662956 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the value of combined detection of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), α-fetal protein (AFP) and α L-fucosidase (AFU) for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Serum samples from 39 HCC patients and 45 normal controls were collected. Branched DNA (bDNA) was used to detect the level of cfDNA, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and Youden index, and to assess the diagnostic efficiency and their correlations with the clinicopathological features. AFP and AFU were detected by chemiluminescence and colorimetry, respectively. The significance of combined detection of the three biomarkers was discussed.
RESULTS: cfDNA level was increased in 22 of the 39 HCC samples and in 2 of the 45 normal controls. cfDNA level in HCC samples was significantly higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in sex and extra- and intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between cfDNA, AFP and AFU in the detection of HCC. The sensitivity of combined detection of cfDNA with one marker (AFP or AFU) and cfDNA with two markers (AFP and AFU) was 71.8%, 87.2% and 89.7% vs 56.4%, 53.8% and 66.7% for cfDNA, AFP and AFU used alone, respectively, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Quantitative analysis of cfDNA is sensitive and feasible, and the combined detection of cfDNA with AFP or AFU or both could improve the diagnostic sensitivity for HCC.
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Bose KSC, Gokhale PV, Dwivedi S, Singh M. Quantitative evaluation and correlation of serum glycoconjugates: Protein bound hexoses, sialic acid and fucose in leukoplakia, oral sub mucous fibrosis and oral cancer. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:122-5. [PMID: 23633847 PMCID: PMC3633261 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity today, with more than 10 million new cases and more than 6 million deaths each year worldwide. Globally Oral Cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer related death. India accounts for 86% of the world's oral cancer cases. Often it proceeds by pre cancerous conditions and lesions. In search for biological markers with diagnostic value, we investigated serum glycoconjugates like protein bound hexoses, fucose and sialic acid in these diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this Study 27 newly diagnosed Oral leukoplakia, 27 OSMF and 26 Oral Cancer patients, 40 healthy controls who are non tobacco users and 40 healthy controls who are tobacco users were selected. In all these groups we estimated serum glycoconjugates. RESULTS We observed no difference in serum glycoconjugates levels between tobacco and non tobacco controls (P > 0.05), but very high levels in oral cancer, Leukoplakia and oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients (P < 0.001) when compared to control groups. Fucose levels were significant (P < 0.05) of all the glycoconjugates between OSMF and Leukoplakia. CONCLUSION The serum glycoconjugates whose levels were very high in OSMF, Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer, do have a significant diagnostic and prognostic value in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Subhash Chandra Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, L. N. Medical College and Research Centre, Kolar Road, Bhopal, India
| | - Prerna Vyas Gokhale
- Department of Biochemistry, L. N. Medical College and Research Centre, Kolar Road, Bhopal, India
| | - Sunil Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry Kalka Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manika Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bertino G, Ardiri A, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Calvagno GS. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:410-33. [PMID: 22846859 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in some areas of the world. In most cases, HCC is diagnosed at a late stage. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with HCC is generally poor. The recommended screening strategy for patients with cirrhosis includes the determination of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and an abdominal ultrasound every 6 months to detect HCC at an earlier stage. AFP, however, is a marker characterized by poor sensitivity and specificity, and abdominal ultrasound is highly dependent on the operator's experience. In addition to AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), osteopontin (OPN), and several other biomarkers (such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complexes [SCCA-IgM], alpha-1-fucosidase [AFU], chromogranin A [CgA], human hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor) have been proposed as markers for the early detection of HCC. For these markers, we describe the mechanisms of production, and their diagnostic and prognosis roles. None of them is optimal; however, when used together, their sensitivity in detecting HCC is increased. Recent research has shown that some biomarkers have mitogenic and migratory activities in the angiogenesis of HCC and are a factor of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Policlinic of Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Chen Z, Ren X, Meng X, Zhang Y, Chen D, Tang F. Novel Fluorescence Method for Detection of α-l-Fucosidase Based on CdTe Quantum Dots. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4077-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300166n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangqiong Tang
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application
of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190,
People’s Republic of China
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30
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Ren X, Chen Z, Meng X, Chen D, Tang F. Synthesis of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and their application in α-l-fucosidase detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9504-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Othman AM, El-Houseini ME, El-Sofy MS, Aboul-Enein HY. Potentiometric determination of α-l-fucosidase enzyme by using 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol-rhodamine B ion pair chemical recognition in PVC membrane sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:787-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and carries a poor survival rate. The management of patients at risk for developing HCC remains intricate. METHODS A literature search identified potential markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. These markers were analysed and justification was provided for these factors' inclusion to (or exclusion from) the markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A search of the literature was made using cancer literature and the PubMed database for the following keywords: "markers and HCC," "Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive AFP (AFP-L3) and HCC," "Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and HCC," "Glypican-3 and HCC," "Chromogranin A and HCC," "Transforming growth factor β1(TGF) and HCC," "α-l-fucosidase (AFU) and HCC," "Golgi protein-73 (GP73) and HCC," "Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HCC," "Nervous growth factor (NGF) and HCC." CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies devoted to the immunohistochemistry of HCC, at the present time, the absolute positive and negative markers for HCC are still lacking, and even those characterized by very high sensitivity and specificity do not have an universal diagnostic usefulness. Given the poor response to current therapies, a better understanding of the molecular pathways active in this disease could potentially provide new targets for therapy. However, AFP shows a low sensitivity, therefore other biomarkers have been developed to make an early diagnosis and improve patients' prognosis.
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Lee NPY, Cheung ST, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Luk JM. Genomic and proteomic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Med 2010; 1:273-84. [PMID: 20477402 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.2.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most deadly liver malignancies found worldwide, with hepatitis virus infection being the prominent risk factor for this lesion. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are usually first diagnosed when in the advanced stage; thus, long-term clinical outcomes are poor and patients have limited treatment options. Currently, surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma relies upon serological testing of alpha-fetoprotein levels and hepatic ultrasonography, which have low sensitivity and specificity, and are sometimes operator-dependent, respectively. Therefore, discovery of new biomarkers for early and accurate detection of hepatocellular carcinoma would be of great clinical value. Genomic and proteomic approaches are two major laboratory platforms for the identification of candidate hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers based on profiling and validating with tumor and nontumor clinical samples. Frequently, these diagnostic markers have been found in association with genetic aberrations, protein-level alterations, post-translational modifications and immune functions. With the discovery of these biomarkers, earlier detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk subjects (e.g., cirrhosis and hepatitis carriers) becomes possible, which will enable clinicians to offer patients better clinical management and more effective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Y Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery and Center for Cancer Research, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
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Wu L, Peng CW, Hou JX, Zhang YH, Chen C, Chen LD, Li Y. Coronin-1C is a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma invasive progression identified by proteomics analysis and clinical validation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:17. [PMID: 20181269 PMCID: PMC2845108 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background To better search for potential markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis, proteomic approach was applied to identify potential metastasis biomarkers associated with HCC. Methods Membrane proteins were extracted from MHCC97L and HCCLM9 cells, with a similar genetic background and remarkably different metastasis potential, and compared by SDS-PAGE and identified by ESI-MS/MS. The results were further validated by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tumor tissues from HCCLM9- and MHCC97L-nude mice, and clinical specimens. Results Membrane proteins were extracted from MHCC97L and HCCLM9 cell and compared by SDS-PAGE analyses. A total of 14 differentially expressed proteins were identified by ESI-MS/MS. Coronin-1C, a promising candidate, was found to be overexpressed in HCCLM9 cells as compared with MHCC97L cells, and validated by western blot and IHC from both nude mice tumor tissues and clinical specimens. Coronin-1C level showed an abrupt upsurge when pulmonary metastasis occurred. Increasing coronin-1C expression was found in liver cancer tissues of HCCLM9-nude mice with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis. IHC study on human HCC specimens revealed that more patients in the higher coronin-1C group had overt larger tumor and more advanced stage. Conclusions Coronin-1C could be a candidate biomarker to predict HCC invasive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuchang District, 430071 Wuhan, PR China
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Stefaniuk P, Cianciara J, Wiercinska-Drapalo A. Present and future possibilities for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:418-24. [PMID: 20101765 PMCID: PMC2811792 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i4.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common cancer in the world, and the third most frequent oncological cause of death. The incidence of HCC is on the increase. HCC typically develops in patients with chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis, usually with viral etiology, is the strongest predisposing factor. Nowadays HCC diagnosis is a multistage process including clinical, laboratory, imaging and pathological examinations. The prognosis of HCC is mostly poor, because of detection at an advanced, non-resectable stage. Potentially curative treatment (surgery) is limited and really possible only for cases with small HCC malignancies. For this reason, more effective surveillance strategies should be used to screen for early occurrence of HCC targeted to the population at risk. So far, the generally accepted serological marker is α-fetoprotein (AFP). Its diagnostic accuracy is unsatisfactory and questionable because of low sensitivity, therefore there is a strong demand by clinicians for new HCC-specific biomarkers. In this review, we will focus on other biomarkers that seem to improve HCC diagnosis, such as AFP-L3, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin, α-l-fucosidase, γ-glutamyl transferase, glypican-3, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, a new generation of immunoglobulin M-immunocomplexes, and very promising gene-expression profiling.
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Yoon SK. Recent advances in tumor markers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervirology 2008; 51 Suppl 1:34-41. [PMID: 18544946 DOI: 10.1159/000122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most devastating malignancies in the world and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in Korea. Because most HCC are accompanied by chronic liver disease that results from hepatitis B or C viruses, prognosis is still poor even after surgical resection of the tumor. Moreover, diagnosis of advanced HCC still leads to an extremely bleak prognosis. Earlier detection of HCC, therefore, could improve patient survival. Accordingly, the development of tumor markers that can detect HCC at even earlier stages is essential. The functions of tumor markers include prediction of prognosis or therapeutic response as well as diagnosis or screening of cancer. Possible candidate tumor markers may be quantitative alterations in DNA-, RNA- or protein-based molecules in tumorous conditions assessed by various technologies, e.g. serological assays, microarrays, mass spectrometry and proteomics. However, validation and clinical implementation is needed after the discovery of novel genes. An ideal tumor marker for HCC would be sensitive and specific enabling to differentiate it at an early stage from premalignant lesions like dysplastic nodules. In addition, the marker should be easily measurable, reproducible and minimally invasive. Although it is important to identify new biomarkers for HCC, the validation and cost-effectiveness of those markers as diagnostic or prognostic tools need confirmation in large-scale studies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wright LM, Kreikemeier JT, Fimmel CJ. A concise review of serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 31:35-44. [PMID: 17293059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of hepatocellular cancer in the US and worldwide has sparked a renewed interest in HCC serum markers. HCC typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is in these target populations that serum markers are most urgently needed. Unfortunately, the currently available markers lack sensitivity and specificity. A number of novel candidate markers have recently been introduced. METHODS We performed a review of the literature (2001-2006) of traditional and novel serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. RESULTS Several promising new HCC markers have been identified over the past 5 years. They include single proteins, complex proteomics features, and tumor-specific autoantibodies. The excitement about the new markers is tempered by the realization that none of them have yet met the most stringent criteria defined by the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). CONCLUSION A new generation of HCC serum markers awaits validation in properly controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda M Wright
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Loyola University, Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Grizzi F, Franceschini B, Hamrick C, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Usefulness of cancer-testis antigens as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2007; 5:3. [PMID: 17244360 PMCID: PMC1797003 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our cellular and molecular knowledge, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world. It is now known to be highly heterogeneous: it encompasses various pathological entities and a wide range of clinical behaviors, and is underpinned by a complex array of gene alterations that affect supra-molecular processes. Four families of HCC tumour markers have been recently proposed: a) onco-fetal and glycoprotein antigens; b) enzymes and iso-enzymes; c) cytokines and d) genes. A category of tumour-associated antigens called cancer-testis (CT) antigens has been identified and their encoding genes have been extensively investigated. CT antigens are expressed in a limited number of normal tissues as well as in malignant tumors of unrelated histological origin, including the liver. Given that cancers are being recognized as increasingly complex, we here review the role of CT antigens as liver tumour biomarkers and their validation process, and discuss why they may improve the effectiveness of screening HCC patients and help in determining the risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cody Hamrick
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Li C, Qian J, Lin JS. Purification and characterization of α-L-fucosidase from human primary hepatocarcinoma tissue. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3770-5. [PMID: 16773698 PMCID: PMC4087474 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i23.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To purify and characterize α-L-fucosidase from human liver cancer tissue and to detect the localization of α-L-fucosidase in tumor tissue.
METHODS: Cation exchange chromatography on CM-52 and ultrafiltration were used to separate α-L-fucosidase (AFU) from crude extract of liver cancer tissue. 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-L-fucopyranoside was used as a fluorescent substrate to quantify the purified AFU activity in each step. A polyclonal antibody (pAb) against the purified AFU was obtained by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-52 after ammonium sulfate fractionation and ultrafiltration. Immuohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of AFU in malignant and adjacent liver tissues.
RESULTS: Human α-L-fucosidase was purified 74–fold to apparent homogeneity with 15% yield. SDS-PAGE indicated the presence of one subunit of molecular weight of 55 Ku. The specific activity of AFU in pooled fraction by chromatography was 10085 IU/mg. Western blot analysis indicated that the pAb could recognize one protein band of molecular weight of 55 Ku. The expression of AFU was observed in cytoplasm membrane of liver cancer tissue but not in that of adjacent tissue.
CONCLUSION: The purified α-L-fucosidase from primary hepatocarcinoma (PHC) is different in its properties from α-L-fucosidase in human other organs. The polyclonal antibody prepared in this experiment can be applied to the diagnosis of PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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el-Houseini ME, Mohammed MS, Elshemey WM, Hussein TD, Desouky OS, Elsayed AA. Enhanced detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Control 2005; 12:248-53. [PMID: 16258497 DOI: 10.1177/107327480501200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor markers in the early detection of tumors are promising tools that could improve the control and treatment of tumors. While alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a commonly used tumor marker in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its sensitivity and specificity are insufficient to detect HCC in all patient samples. METHODS We compared AFP with serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF and VEGF-A), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-II), and the activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) in the sensitivity of detection of HCC and cirrhosis in Egyptian patients. RESULTS The sensitivity of tumor detection using AFP was 68.2%. This level of detection was increased to 88.6% when AFP was evaluated in conjunction with AFU. The combined use of AFP and VEGF increased the sensitivity of detection to 95.5% in patients with HCC. The combination of the three markers yielded 100% detection sensitivity. VEGF-A showed a low specificity (20%), and IGF-II showed extremely low sensitivity (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that AFU or VEGF or both be measured with AFP to improve the detection sensitivity of HCC.
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Tsiafoulis CG, Prodromidis MI, Karayannis MI. Development of an amperometric biosensing method for the determination of L-fucose in pretreated urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:620-7. [PMID: 15494247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The first amperometric biosensing method for the determination of L-fucose is described. L-Fucose is the objective of much current research, as it is considered as a potential marker for various pathologic disorders. Recombinant L-fucose dehydrogenase, having as cofactor beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD+P), was cross-linked in a water-soluble photosensitive polymer matrix, that is, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified with styrylpyridinium (SbQ), in the presence of BSA and glutaraldehyde. The resulting membrane was sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes and was mounted in an amperometric cell. The oxidation of the enzymatically produced NADPH was monitored at a platinum anode at +0.25 V versus a silver pseudoreference electrode in the presence of ferricyanide. The system was fully optimized with respect to various analytical parameters. Regarding to the mechanical properties of the membrane and the storage stability of the immobilized enzyme, various parameters were also optimized. Several methods for the pretreatment of urine samples were investigated. Treatment of the samples with PbO2 found to eliminate the interference effect of various electroactive species exist in urine; optimum incubation time was determined since at prolonged incubation times L-fucose is also affected. Calibration curves for the direct and the mediated monitoring of NADPH were liner over the concentration ranges 0.04-1.0 mM (r2=0.9995) and 0.03-3.0 mM (r2=0.9997) fucose, respectively. The detection limits (S/N 3) were 2 and 1.5 microM fucose, respectively. The R.S.D. of the mediated biosensor is better than 1.5% (n=10, 0.5 mM fucose). The proposed biosensor correlates well with a reference enzymatic method and exhibits very good working and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Tsiafoulis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Sathish Kumar N, Eapen CE, Jeyamani R, Balasubramanian KA. Serum and urinary fucose concentrations in Hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and acute liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 342:233-5. [PMID: 15026286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gu G, Du Y, Hu H, Jin C. Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside: a substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU). Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1603-7. [PMID: 12860431 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An effective method to prepare the substrate of alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) is described. Ethyl 1-thiofucoside with a free 2-OH group was used as the glycosyl donor, and there was found no self-condensed side product. The use of the HF.pyridine reagent to remove the silyl protecting group in the last step afforded a target molecule of high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Gu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academia Sinica, 18 Shuangqing Road Haidian District, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
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Merino-Trigo A, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, de Miguel E, Páez de la Cadena M. Activity and properties of alpha-L-fucosidase are dependent on the state of enterocytic differentiation of HT-29 colon cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:1291-303. [PMID: 12127580 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated an impairment in the activity of alpha-L-fucosidase in colon tumours. In order to establish an in vitro model to study this enzyme in colon cancer, we have determined the activity and properties of the enzyme during the differentiation of HT-29 colon cancer cells. Cultures were committed to differentiate into enterocyte-like cells by placing them in a culture medium without glucose for 18-21 days. The state of differentiation was evaluated by assaying the activity of enterocytic marker enzymes, and the acquisition of enterocyte morphology was assessed by electron microscopy. The alpha-L-fucosidase activity was determined using a fluorometric method. Intracellular levels of alpha-L-fucosidase activity are lower in non-differentiated cells (3.0 +/- 1.01 U/mg) than in differentiated ones (9.2 +/- 4.09 U/mg) (P < 0.001). This variation is not due to a greater secretion of the enzyme to the culture medium, and properties such as pH optimum or the affinity towards substrate are not dependent on differentiation. The enzyme however, is more stable at acidic pH and at high temperatures, and V(max) is higher in differentiated cells. Moreover, in undifferentiated cells the enzyme is mainly in a monomeric form whereas multimeric forms of the enzyme appear only upon differentiation. Most of these changes are very similar to those previously observed between normal colon tissue and colon tumours. Thus, we suggest that differentiation of HT-29 colon cancer cells could be used as a model to study the alterations of the enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase during the progression of the tumoural process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Trigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Vigo, E-36280 Vigo, Spain
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Fluorimetric Measurement of Plasma α-l-Fucosidase Activity with a Centrifugal Analyzer: Reference Values in a Healthy French Adult Population. Clin Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/46.4.560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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46
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Giardina MG, Matarazzo M, Morante R, Lucariello A, Varriale A, Guardasole V, Marco GD. Serum ?-L-fucosidase activity and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981215)83:12<2468::aid-cncr9>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Cai WX, Zheng H, Ye QL. Combined measurement of serum tumor markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 1998; 4:181-182. [PMID: 11819270 PMCID: PMC4688648 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v4.i2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/1997] [Revised: 12/20/1997] [Accepted: 01/20/1998] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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48
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Fernández J, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, de Carlos A, de Castro G, de la Cadena MP. Nonradioactive immunoquantification of alpha-L-fucosidase protein in human colon tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1996; 31:39-47. [PMID: 8926337 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(95)00037-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
alpha-L-Fucosidase is a glycosidase involved in the degradation of fucoglycoconjugates and has a diagnostic significance because it has been described to be altered in several known diseases. However, in vitro studies on enzymatic activities may not reflect the real protein levels in tissues. This paper describes a simple method to quantify alpha-L-fucosidase protein levels in human crude extracts, combining the slot-blot technique and a nonradioactive immunoassay. Taking advantage of the similarities in different mammalian fucosidases, a polyclonal antiserum was raised against commercial purified alpha-L-fucosidase from bovine kidney that cross-reacted with the human colon enzyme. The method is able to detect as little as 0.75 ng alpha-L-fucosidase. To illustrate the direct application of this technique, we analysed and quantified alpha-L-fucosidase protein levels in 18 human colon crude samples. This technique could prove useful in clinical pathology, allowing fast and accurate measurement of alpha-L-fucosidase in crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernández
- Departamento de Bioloxía Fundamental, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
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49
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Takeshita H, Yasuda T, Nadano D, Iida R, Nakanaga M, Tenjo E, Sawazaki K, Kishi K. Genetically polymorphic alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA1) isozymes detected in blood plasma. Hum Genet 1994; 94:224-30. [PMID: 8076935 DOI: 10.1007/bf00208274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main isozyme patterns of desialylated blood plasma or serum alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA) were found to be almost identical to those of semen, urine, placental extracts, and leukocyte lysates, when detected by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and activity staining using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside. Three phenotypes (1, 2-1, and 2) determined from plasma samples were identical to the phenotypes from urine and leukocyte lysates from the same individuals. A population study of plasma samples collected from 485 Japanese individuals indicated that the frequencies of the FUCA1*1 and FUCA1*2 alleles were 0.7505 and 0.2495, respectively. The mean plasma enzyme activities (+/- SD) of the three phenotypes were 318.8 +/- 116.7 nmol/ml per h for type 1, 268.0 +/- 108.3 nmol/ml per h for type 2-1, and 233.2 +/- 84.4 nmol/ml per h for type 2. The mean activities of types 1 and 2 suggest that, on average, the FUCA1*1 gene product in plasma has about 1.4 times the activity of FUCA1*2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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50
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Takahashi H, Saibara T, Iwamura S, Tomita A, Maeda T, Onishi S, Yamamoto Y, Enzan H. Serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity and tumor size in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1994. [PMID: 7514563 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840190615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The serum level of alpha-L-fucosidase activity has been suggested as a useful marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, although the precise mechanism behind the elevation of this parameter has not been determined. We found that the serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity level was significantly higher in 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (695.1 +/- 245.5 nmol/ml/hr) than in 47 patients with cirrhosis (389.1 +/- 188.2 nmol/ml/hr; p < 0.001) and in 54 controls (202.0 +/- 104.6 nmol/ml/hr; p < 0.001). However, alpha-L-fucosidase activity was not correlated with tumor size (r = 0.134), whereas the alpha-fetoprotein level was correlated with tumor size (r = 0.580, p < 0.001). When 515.8 nmol/ml/hr was taken as the cutoff value (mean value in the controls plus 3 standard deviations), alpha-L-fucosidase activity was above the cutoff value in 12 of the 17 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma less than 2 cm in diameter, in 28 of the 37 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3 cm in diameter and in 52 of the 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, only 10 of the 47 patients with cirrhosis had levels above the cutoff value. These findings suggest that an increase in serum alpha-L-fucosidase activity in patients with cirrhosis may be a marker for detecting a hepatocellular carcinoma, especially a small tumor, because alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin are less promising as tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- First Department of Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
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