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Li C, Xie R, Zhang S, Yun J, Zhong A, Cen Y, Chen J. Metabolism, fibrosis, and apoptosis: The effect of lipids and their derivatives on keloid formation. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14733. [PMID: 38339798 PMCID: PMC10858330 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids, pathological scars resulting from skin trauma, have traditionally posed significant clinical management challenges due to their persistence and high recurrence rates. Our research elucidates the pivotal roles of lipids and their derivatives in keloid development, driven by underlying mechanisms of abnormal cell proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix deposition. Key findings suggest that abnormalities in arachidonic acid (AA) synthesis and non-essential fatty acid synthesis are integral to keloid formation. Further, a complex interplay exists between lipid derivatives, notably butyric acid (BA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and the regulation of hyperfibrosis. Additionally, combinations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with BA and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 have exhibited pronounced cytotoxic effects. Among sphingolipids, ceramide (Cer) displayed limited pro-apoptotic effects in keloid fibroblasts (KFBs), whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) was found to promote keloid hyperfibrosis, with its analogue, FTY720, demonstrating contrasting benefits. Both Vitamin D and hexadecylphosphorylcholine (HePC) showed potential antifibrotic and antiproliferative properties, suggesting their utility in keloid management. While keloids remain a prevalent concern in clinical practice, this study underscores the promising potential of targeting specific lipid molecules for the advancement of keloid therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐yu Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ru‐xin Xie
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shi‐wei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiao Yun
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ai Zhong
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun‐jie Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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2
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Li W, Yang Y, Yang L, Chang N, Li L. Monocyte-derived Kupffer cells dominate in the Kupffer cell pool during liver injury. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113164. [PMID: 37740916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy Kupffer cell (KC) pool is dominated by embryonic KCs (EmKCs), preserving liver homeostasis. How the KC pool varies upon injury remains unclear. Using chimeric mice with bone marrow (BM) cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, we identify that BM monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) become dominant in cholestatic- or toxic-injured livers via immunofluorescence and mass cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) unveils the enhanced proliferative, anti-apoptotic properties and repair potential of MoKCs compared with EmKCs, which are confirmed in vivo and ex vivo through flow cytometry, qPCR, Cell Counting Kit-8, and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, compared with EmKC-dominated livers, MoKC-dominated livers exhibit less functional damage, necrosis, and fibrosis under damage, as tested by serum alanine aminotransferase activity detection, H&E and Sirius red staining, qPCR, and western blot. Collectively, we highlight that MoKCs dominate the KC pool in injured livers and show enhanced proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties while also promoting repair and attenuating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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3
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Li W, Xie J, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang L, Li L. 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 relieved acute liver injury by inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression via PPARγ in hepatocyte. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110491. [PMID: 37329807 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) exhibited potential to alleviate liver inflammation in chronic injury but was less studied in acute injury. Acute liver injury was associated with elevated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in damaged hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of hepatocyte-derived MIF by 15d-PGJ2 and its subsequent impact on acute liver injury. In vivo, mouse models were established by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneal injection, with or without 15d-PGJ2 administration. 15d-PGJ2 treatment reduced the necrotic areas induced by CCl4. In the same mouse model constructed using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, 15d-PGJ2 reduced CCl4 induced BM-derived macrophage (BMM, EGFP+F4/80+) infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, 15d-PGJ2 down-regulated liver and serum MIF levels; liver MIF expression was positively correlated with BMM percentage and inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro, 15d-PGJ2 inhibited Mif expression in hepatocytes. In primary hepatocytes, reactive oxygen species inhibitor (NAC) showed no effect on MIF inhibition by 15d-PGJ2; PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) abolished 15d-PGJ2 suppressed MIF expression and antagonists (troglitazone, ciglitazone) mimicked its function. In Pparg silenced AML12 cells, the suppression of MIF by 15d-PGJ2 was weakened; 15d-PGJ2 promoted PPARγ activation in AML 12 cells and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of recombinant MIF- and lipopolysaccharide-treated AML12 respectively promoted BMM migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Conditioned medium of 15d-PGJ2- or siMif-treated injured AML12 suppressed these effects. Collectively, 15d-PGJ2 activated PPARγ to suppress MIF expression in injured hepatocytes, reducing BMM infiltration and pro-inflammatory activation, ultimately alleviating acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jieshi Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Li W, Liu C, Liu J, Yang L, Yue W, Yang L, Xue R, Zhang K, Zhang H, Chang N, Li L. Single-cell RNA seq identifies Plg-R KT-PLG as signals inducing phenotypic transformation of scar-associated macrophage in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166754. [PMID: 37207518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages play a central role in liver fibrosis. Scar-associated macrophages (SAMs), a recently identified subgroup of macrophages, play an important role in this process. However, the mechanism by which SAMs transform during liver fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize SAMs and elucidate the underlying mechanism of SAM transformation. Bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used to induce mouse liver fibrosis. Non-parenchymal cells were isolated from normal/fibrotic livers and were analyzed using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) or mass cytometry (CyTOF). The glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (siRNA-GeRPs) was employed to perform macrophage selective gene knockdown. The results of scRNA-seq and CyTOF revealed that SAMs, which derived from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), accumulated in mouse fibrotic livers. Further analysis showed that SAMs highly expressed genes related to fibrosis, indicating the pro-fibrotic functions of SAMs. Moreover, plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT was highly expressed by SAMs, suggesting the role of Plg-RKT and plasminogen (PLG) in SAM transformation. In vitro, PLG-treated BMMs transformed into SAMs and expressed SAM functional genes. Knockdown of Plg-RKT blocked the effects of PLG. In vivo, selective knockdown of Plg-RKT in intrahepatic macrophages of BDL- and CCl4-treated mice reduced the number of SAMs and alleviated BDL- and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, suggesting that Plg-RKT-PLG played an important role in liver fibrosis by mediating SAM transformation. Our findings reveal that SAMs are crucial participants in liver fibrosis. Inhibition of SAM transformation by blocking Plg-RKT might be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Renmin Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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5
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Necroptosis of macrophage is a key pathological feature in biliary atresia via GDCA/S1PR2/ZBP1/p-MLKL axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:175. [PMID: 36859525 PMCID: PMC9977961 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe inflammatory and fibrosing neonatal cholangiopathy disease characterized by progressive obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts, resulting in cholestasis and progressive hepatic failure. Cholestasis may play an important role in the inflammatory and fibrotic pathological processes, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Necroptosis mediated by Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1)/phosphorylated-mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (p-MLKL) is a prominent pathogenic factor in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, but its function in BA remains unclear. Here, we aim to determine the effect of macrophage necroptosis in the BA pathology, and to explore the specific molecular mechanism. We found that necroptosis existed in BA livers, which was occurred in liver macrophages. Furthermore, this process was mediated by ZBP1/p-MLKL, and the upregulated expression of ZBP1 in BA livers was correlated with liver fibrosis and prognosis. Similarly, in the bile duct ligation (BDL) induced mouse cholestatic liver injury model, macrophage necroptosis mediated by ZBP1/p-MLKL was also observed. In vitro, conjugated bile acid-glycodeoxycholate (GDCA) upregulated ZBP1 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMDMs) through sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and the induction of ZBP1 was a prerequisite for the enhanced necroptosis. Finally, after selectively knocking down of macrophage S1pr2 in vivo, ZBP1/p-MLKL-mediated necroptosis was decreased, and further collagen deposition was markedly attenuated in BDL mice. Furthermore, macrophage Zbp1 or Mlkl specific knockdown also alleviated BDL-induced liver injury/fibrosis. In conclusion, GDCA/S1PR2/ZBP1/p-MLKL mediated macrophage necroptosis plays vital role in the pathogenesis of BA liver fibrosis, and targeting this process may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for BA.
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6
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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7
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Tian L, Xu B, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Ma R, Cao S, Hu W, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Specific targeting of glioblastoma with an oncolytic virus expressing a cetuximab-CCL5 fusion protein via innate and adaptive immunity. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1318-1335. [PMID: 36357700 PMCID: PMC10150871 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines such as C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) regulate immune cell trafficking in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and govern tumor development, making them promising targets for cancer therapy. However, short half-lives and toxic off-target effects limit their application. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have become attractive therapeutic agents. Here, we generate an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV) expressing a secretable single-chain variable fragment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab linked to CCL5 by an Fc knob-into-hole strategy that produces heterodimers (OV-Cmab-CCL5). OV-Cmab-CCL5 permits continuous production of CCL5 in the TME, as it is redirected to EGFR+ glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells. OV-Cmab-CCL5 infection of GBM significantly enhances the migration and activation of natural killer cells, macrophages and T cells; inhibits tumor EGFR signaling; reduces tumor size; and prolongs survival of GBM-bearing mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that OV-Cmab-CCL5 offers a promising approach to improve OV therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuai Cao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weidong Hu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wang C, Shi Y, Wang X, Ma H, Liu Q, Gao Y, Niu J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Regulate Hepatic Immunity and Assist in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940688. [PMID: 35880178 PMCID: PMC9307989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrates, which are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, have received increasing attention in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Reduced alkaline phosphatase levels and improved clinical outcomes were observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy4 when treated with bezafibrate or fenofibrate combined with UDCA. In contrast to obeticholic acid, which exacerbates pruritus in patients, fibrates have been shown to relieve pruritus. Clinical trial outcomes show potential for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. It is currently agreed that primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is a nuclear receptor that regulates the functions of multiple immune cells, thus playing an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune disorder of primary biliary cholangitis and summarizes the regulation of hepatic immunity when peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are targeted for treating primary biliary cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
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Yang L, Yue W, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Xue R, Dong C, Liu F, Chang N, Yang L, Li L. Dual Targeting of Angipoietin-1 and von Willebrand Factor by microRNA-671-5p Attenuates Liver Angiogenesis and Fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1425-1442. [PMID: 35014213 PMCID: PMC9134804 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Angipoietin-1 (Angpt1) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are two important angiogenic molecules that can drive pathologic angiogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis in our previous study. MicroRNAs (miRs) participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis. However, the critical miRs targeting Angpt1 or VWF and potential molecular mechanism underlying liver fibrosis-associated angiogenesis is not clear yet. Human liver tissues were obtained from patients with different chronic liver diseases. Mouse models of liver fibrosis were induced by injection of CCl4 or bile duct ligation (BDL) operation. MiR-671-5p was predicted to target Angpt1 and VWF from three databases (miRanda, RNA22v2, and miRwalk). MiR-671-5p expression was decreased in the fibrotic liver of human and mice, with a negative correlation with the levels of Angpt1, VWF, sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1, the rate-limiting enzyme for sphingosine 1-phosphate [S1P] formation), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), hypoxia inducible factor (Hif)1α, Hif2α, and fibrosis markers. Importantly, miR-671-5p expression was down-regulated in fluorescence-activated cell sorted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in CCl4 mice compared with control mice. In vitro miR-671-5p expression was also decreased in S1P-stimulated HSCs and TGFβ1-activated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, negatively correlated with Angpt1 and VWF expression. MiR-671-5p directly targeted Angpt1 and VWF by luciferase reporter assays. In vivo administration of miR-671-5p agomir decreased the messenger RNA and protein levels of Anpgt1 and VWF, and attenuated CCl4 -induced or BDL-induced liver angiogenesis and fibrosis. Conclusion: We identify the negative regulation of miR-671-5p on Angpt1 and VWF and liver fibrosis-associated angiogenesis, which may provide promising targets for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenhui Yue
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Renmin Xue
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Interventional TherapyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Interventional TherapyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell BiologyMunicipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of RegenerationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Lu Y, Chang N, Zhao X, Xue R, Liu J, Yang L, Li L. Activated Neutrophils Secrete Chitinase-Like 1 and Attenuate Liver Inflammation by Inhibiting Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824385. [PMID: 35529851 PMCID: PMC9069964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation and recruitment of neutrophils are generally considered to be associated with pathological aggravation of multiple diseases. However, as the role of neutrophils in tissue injury repair is receiving increasing attention, it is necessary to further explore the beneficial role of activated neutrophils in promoting the resolution of inflammation after injury. In this study, we found that activated neutrophils have a crucial function in suppressing liver inflammation. In methionine-choline-deficient and high-fat (MCDHF) diet induced liver inflammation in mice, tail vein injection of activated neutrophils (A-Neu, stimulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate) inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, including C-C chemokine motif ligand 4, tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide synthase 2, and attenuated liver injury. However, non-activated neutrophils (N-Neu) did not have these effects. In vitro, pro-inflammatory macrophages were co-cultured with N-Neu or A-Neu by transwell, respectively. A-Neu was found to suppress the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by using RT-qPCR, western blot and cytometric bead array. Microarray analysis showed that there were systematic variations in transcript expression levels between N-Neu and A-Neu. GeneVenn software was used to show the gene expression overlap between GO terms including Regulation of Cell Communication, Cytokine Secretion, Inflammatory Response and Extracellular Space clusters. We identified that Chitinase-like 1 (CHIL1) secreted by S1P activated neutrophils may be an important mediators affecting the pro-inflammatory macrophage responses. In the injured liver of mice induced by MCDHF diet, the expression of Chil1 mRNA increased and was positively correlated with the neutrophil marker Ly6g. Moreover, the secretion of CHIL1 in A-Neu increased significantly. Strikingly, the effect of A-Neu on macrophage response was reproduced by incubating pro-inflammatory macrophages with recombinant CHIL1. A-Neu conditioned medium were incubated with CHIL1 antibody-conjugated protein G beads, magnetically separated to immunodepletion CHIL1 from the A-Neu supernatant, which can partially weaken its inhibitory effect of A-Neu on the production of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines. Together, the conclusions indicated that A-Neu could inhibit the pro-inflammatory macrophage responses by secreting CHIL1, thereby effectively inhibiting liver inflammation.
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11
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Li L, Zuo H, Huang X, Shen T, Tang W, Zhang X, An T, Dou L, Li J. Bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomal miR-143-5p contributes to insulin resistance in hepatocytes by repressing MKP5. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13140. [PMID: 34647385 PMCID: PMC8666281 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to explore the role of bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomes in hepatic insulin resistance, investigate the substance in exosomes that regulates hepatic insulin signalling pathways, reveal the specific molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic insulin resistance and further explore the role of exosomes in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance model, exosomes were isolated from BMMs which were extracted from HFD-fed mice by ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were analysed the spectral changes of microRNA expression using a microRNA array. The activation of the insulin signalling pathway and the level of glycogenesis were examined in hepatocytes after transfected with miR-143-5p mimics. Luciferase assay and western blot were used to assess the target of miR-143-5p. RESULTS BMMs from HFD-fed mice were polarized towards M1, and miR-143-5p was significantly upregulated in exosomes of BMMs from HFD-fed mice. Overexpression of miR-143-5p in Hep1-6 cells led to decreased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK and glycogen synthesis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-5 (Mkp5, also known as Dusp10) was the target gene of miR-143-5p. Moreover, the overexpression of MKP5 could rescue the insulin resistance induced by transfection miR-143-5p mimics in Hep1-6. CONCLUSION Bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomal miR-143-5p induces insulin resistance in hepatocytes through repressing MKP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Huiyan Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tong An
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of GeriatricsBeijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyNational Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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12
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Li K, Zhao J, Wang M, Niu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Zheng Y. The Roles of Various Prostaglandins in Fibrosis: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060789. [PMID: 34073892 PMCID: PMC8225152 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a common pathological result of various chronic diseases with multiple causes. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and eventually leads to the destruction of the tissue structure and impaired organ function. Prostaglandins are produced by arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenases and various prostaglandin-specific synthases. Prostaglandins bind to homologous receptors on adjacent tissue cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner and participate in the regulation of a series of physiological or pathological processes, including fibrosis. This review summarizes the properties, synthesis, and degradation of various prostaglandins, as well as the roles of these prostaglandins and their receptors in fibrosis in multiple models to reveal the clinical significance of prostaglandins and their receptors in the treatment of fibrosis.
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13
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Huang R, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu H. PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:600618. [PMID: 33995008 PMCID: PMC8117354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Xu A, Zhou J, Li Y, Qiao L, Jin C, Chen W, Sun L, Wu S, Li X, Zhou D, Jia S, Zhang B, Yao J, Zhang X, You H, Huang J. 14-kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase is a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G351-G365. [PMID: 33406007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, leads to liver damage, seriously threatening human health. In our previous study, we demonstrated that 14 kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase (PHP14) was upregulated in fibrotic liver tissue and involved in the migration and lamellipodia formation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this study, we evaluated PHP14 as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis and investigated the mechanism by which it mediates liver fibrosis. AAV-shPhpt1 administration significantly attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. In particular, fibrosis-associated inflammatory infiltration was significantly suppressed after PHP14 knockdown. Mechanistically, PHP14 regulated macrophage recruitment, infiltration, and migration by affecting podosome formation of macrophages. Inhibition of PHP14 decreased the expression of the fibrogenic signature at the early stage of liver fibrogenesis and the activation of HSCs in vivo. Thus, PHP14 can be considered a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY PHP14 inhibition via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene silencing could potently attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. PHP14 could regulate the migration of macrophages to the site of injury in vivo. PHP14 knockdown in vivo influenced the environment of fibrogenesis and relevant signaling pathways, subsequently affecting myofibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjian Xu
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmeng Li
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanna Wu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghu Zhou
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Jia
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yao
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong You
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Vila-Bedmar R, Cruces-Sande M, Arcones AC, Willemen HLDM, Prieto P, Moreno-Indias I, Díaz-Rodríguez D, Francisco S, Jaén RI, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Heijnen CJ, Boscá L, Fresno M, Kavelaars A, Mayor F, Murga C. GRK2 levels in myeloid cells modulate adipose-liver crosstalk in high fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4957-4976. [PMID: 31927610 PMCID: PMC11105060 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key effector cells in obesity-associated inflammation. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is highly expressed in different immune cell types. Using LysM-GRK2+/- mice, we uncover that a reduction of GRK2 levels in myeloid cells prevents the development of glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia after a high fat diet (HFD) through modulation of the macrophage pro-inflammatory profile. Low levels of myeloid GRK2 confer protection against hepatic insulin resistance, steatosis and inflammation. In adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines are reduced and insulin signaling is preserved. Macrophages from LysM-GRK2+/- mice secrete less pro-inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their conditioned media has a reduced pathological influence in cultured adipocytes or naïve bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data indicate that reducing GRK2 levels in myeloid cells, by attenuating pro-inflammatory features of macrophages, has a relevant impact in adipose-liver crosstalk, thus preventing high fat diet-induced metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Vila-Bedmar
- Departamento de ciencias básicas de la salud, área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanneke L D M Willemen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Prieto
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- CIBER de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Díaz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Francisco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- CIBER de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Chen Z, Zhang N, Chu HY, Yu Y, Zhang ZK, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Connective Tissue Growth Factor: From Molecular Understandings to Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593269. [PMID: 33195264 PMCID: PMC7658337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing, as well as multiple pathologies, such as tumor development and tissue fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanisms of CTGF remain incompletely understood, a commonly accepted theory is that the interactions between different protein domains in CTGF and other various regulatory proteins and ligands contribute to its variety of functions. Here, we highlight the structure of each domain of CTGF and its biology functions in physiological conditions. We further summarized main diseases that are deeply influenced by CTGF domains and the potential targets of these diseases. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of current drugs targeting CTGF and provide the perspective for the drug discovery of the next generation of CTGF inhibitors based on aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Ji X, Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Chang N, Zhou X, Hou L, Yang L, Li L. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate/microRNA‐1249‐5p/MCP‐1 axis is involved in macrophage‐associated inflammation in fatty liver injury in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1746-1756. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ji
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration Capital Medical University Beijing China
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18
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McVicker BL, Hamel FG, Simpson RL, Bennett RG. A Selective PPARγ Modulator Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070151. [PMID: 32630819 PMCID: PMC7407562 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the accumulation of excess collagen as a result of chronic liver injury. If left unabated, hepatic fibrosis can lead to the disruption of the liver architecture, portal hypertension, and increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs, through their target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), have protective effects against liver fibrosis, and can inhibit the profibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells, the major collagen-producing liver cells. However, these drugs have been ineffective in the treatment of established fibrosis, possibly due to side effects such as increased weight and adiposity. Recently, selective PPARγ modulators that lack these side effects have been identified, but their role in treating fibrosis has not been studied. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of one of these selective modulators, SR1664, in the mouse carbon tetrachloride model of established hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with SR1664 reduced the total and type 1 collagen content without increasing body weight. The abundance of activated hepatic stellate cells was also significantly decreased. Finally, SR1664 inhibited the profibrotic phenotype of hepatic stellate cells. In summary, a selective PPARγ modulator was effective in the reduction of established hepatic fibrosis and the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells. This may represent a new treatment approach for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita L. McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (B.L.M.); (F.G.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Frederick G. Hamel
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (B.L.M.); (F.G.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ronda L. Simpson
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (B.L.M.); (F.G.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Robert G. Bennett
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (B.L.M.); (F.G.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Hou L, Yang L, Chang N, Zhao X, Zhou X, Dong C, Liu F, Yang L, Li L. Macrophage Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Blockade Attenuates Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis Triggered by NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1149. [PMID: 32695095 PMCID: PMC7333785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome accompanies chronic liver injury and is a critical mediator of inflammation-driven liver fibrosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P Receptor (S1PR) signaling participates in liver fibrogenesis by affecting bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes/macrophage (BMM) activation. However, the relationship between S1P/S1PR signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome in BMMs remains unclear. Here, we found significantly elevated gene expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, pro-interleukin-1β, and pro-interleukin-18) and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome significantly elevated during murine chronic liver injury induced by a bile duct ligation operation, a methionine-choline–deficient and high-fat diet, or carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, the increased expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme of S1P, was positively correlated with NLRP3 inflammasome components in both patients and mouse model livers. Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining showed BMMs contributed to the significant proportion of NLRP3+ cells in murine inflammatory livers, but not Kupffer cells, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, T cells, and hepatocytes. Focusing on macrophages, S1P promoted NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in a dose-dependent manner. Blockade of S1PR2 by JTE-013 (antagonist of S1PR2) or S1PR2-siRNA inhibited S1P-induced NLRP3 inflammasome priming and inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β and interleukin-18) secretion, whereas blockade of S1PR1 or S1PR3 had no such effect. in vivo, a β1,3-d-glucan-encapsulated siRNA particle (GeRP) delivery system is capable of silencing genes in macrophages specifically. Treatment with S1PR2 siRNA-GeRPs markedly reduced NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation and attenuated liver inflammation and fibrosis. Together, the conclusions indicated that targeting macrophage S1PR2 retarded liver inflammation and fibrogenesis via downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome, which may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cannabinoid Receptor 1/miR-30b-5p Axis Governs Macrophage NLRP3 Expression and Inflammasome Activation in Liver Inflammatory Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:725-738. [PMID: 32408051 PMCID: PMC7225604 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) has been regarded as an important initiator or promoter in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome and the corresponding molecular mechanism in liver inflammation remain unclear. Mouse liver injury models were induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or methionine-choline-deficient and high fat (MCDHF) diet. Human liver tissues were obtained from patients with different chronic liver diseases. CB1 expression was increased in liver tissue and macrophages of CCl4- and MCDHF-treated mice, positively correlated with NLRP3. CB1 agonist ACEA (Arachiodonyl-2’-Chloroethylamide) promoted NLRP3 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. CB1 blockade with its antagonist AM281 reduced NLRP3 expression, inflammasome activation, and liver inflammation in CCl4- and MCDHF-treated mice. MicroRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p), screened by the intersection of bioinformatics databases and downregulated miRNAs in injured liver, negatively correlated with NLRP3 in mouse and human liver. miR-30b-5p was involved in CB1-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by directly targeting NLRP3. Importantly, administration of miR-30b-5p agomir targeted NLRP3 and attenuated liver inflammation in the injured liver. Altogether, CB1/miR-30b-5p axis modulates NLRP3 expression and NLPR3 inflammasome activation in macrophages during liver inflammation, which provides a potential target for liver disease.
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21
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Zhou X, Yang L, Fan X, Zhao X, Chang N, Yang L, Li L. Neutrophil Chemotaxis and NETosis in Murine Chronic Liver Injury via Cannabinoid Receptor 1/ Gα i/o/ ROS/ p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020373. [PMID: 32033504 PMCID: PMC7072548 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the control of inflammatory diseases. However, whether cannabinoid receptors (CBs) play a role in neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis in sterile liver inflammation remains unknown. The expression of marker genes on neutrophils was characterized by FACS, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The amount of neutrophils was significantly elevated from 7 days and reached the peak at 2 weeks in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mouse liver. The mRNA expression of neutrophil marker Ly6G had positive correlation with CB1 and CB2 expression in injured liver. In vitro CBs were abundantly expressed in isolated neutrophils and CB1 agonist ACEA promoted the chemotaxis and cytoskeletal remodeling, which can be suppressed by CB1 antagonist AM281. Moreover, ACEA induced NETosis, myeloperoxidase release from lysosome and ROS burst, indicating neutrophil activation, via Gαi/o. Conversely, CB2 agonist JWH133 had no effect on neutrophil function. ROS and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in CB1-mediated neutrophil function, and ROS was upstream of p38 MAPK. CB1 blockade in vivo significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration and liver inflammation in CCl4-treated mice. Taken together, CB1 mediates neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis via Gαi/o/ROS/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in liver inflammation, which represents an effective therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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22
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Liu YR, Tang ZS, Duan JA, Chen L, Sun J, Zhou R, Song ZX, Shi XB, Zhu HY. ER-depletion lowering the 'hypothalamus-uterus-kidney' axis functions by perturbing the renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9500-9529. [PMID: 31708494 PMCID: PMC6874469 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have long assumed that systematic estrogen fading might contribute to the sustained progression of menopausal degenerate syndromes, although definitive evidence has not been presented. Whether such findings represent a causal contribution or are the result of opportunistic messengers sent from the reproductive system to the brain is also a vital question. We constructed a multiscale network of the ovariectomy (OVX) induced estrogen receptors depletion (ER-depletion) model and integrated targeted proteomic, targeted lipidomic, cytochemical, and histopathological data across three tissues from the ovariectomy rodent model. We found that compared to control rats, OVX rats showed increased renal and uterine prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) expression and decreased hypothalamic Ptgds expression, abnormal Ptgds metabolites, the degenerate renal function profiles and decreased cognitive ability (learning and memory) in Morris water maze test. Importantly, we observed a regulatory relationship among ER (particularly ERβ), the degree of the pathological phenotype, learning behavior test and the ‘hypothalamus-uterus-kidney (HUK) axis functions. Collectively, this study elucidates that ER depletion promoted HUK aging is mostly attributed to a renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bo Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zhu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
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Yang J, Chang N, Yang L, Ji X, Zhou X, Tian L, Ma Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yang L, Li L. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Blockade Affects Pro-Inflammatory Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Relieves Mouse Fatty Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194695. [PMID: 31546702 PMCID: PMC6801987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver injury is characterized by liver fat accumulation and results in serious health problems worldwide. There is no effective treatment that reverses fatty liver injury besides etiological therapy. Inflammation is an important macrophage-involving pathological process of liver injury. Here, we investigated the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) in fatty liver injury and explored whether S1PR2/3 blockade could cure fatty liver injury. A methionine-choline-deficient and a high-fat (MCDHF) diet was used to induce fatty liver injury, and the number of macrophages was evaluated by flow cytometry. Gene expressions were detected using RT-qPCR and cytometric bead array. In MCDHF-diet-fed mice, pro-inflammatory factor expressions were upregulated by fatty liver injury. The S1P level and S1PR2/3 expressions were significantly elevated. Moreover, increased S1P level and S1PR2/3 mRNA expressions were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factor expressions in the liver. Furthermore, the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages (iMφ) increased in injured liver, and they were mainly bone-marrow-derived macrophages. In vivo, S1PR2/3 blockade decreased the amount of iMφ and inflammation and attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, although liver fat accumulation was unchanged. These data strongly suggest that anti-inflammatory treatment by blocking the S1P/S1PR2/3 axis attenuates fatty liver injury, which might serve as a potential target for fatty liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaofang Ji
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuehan Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Han Z, Liu S, Lin H, Trivett AL, Hannifin S, Yang D, Oppenheim JJ. Inhibition of murine hepatoma tumor growth by cryptotanshinone involves TLR7-dependent activation of macrophages and induction of adaptive antitumor immune defenses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1073-1085. [PMID: 31161238 PMCID: PMC6584221 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), a purified compound initially isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza. Bunge, exhibits cytotoxic antitumor effects on many tumors. We have shown that CT possesses the dual capacities to concomitantly inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and promote the generation of antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated whether CT could be used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a mouse Hepa1-6 model. CT inhibited the proliferation of mouse hepatoma (Hepa1-6) cells in vitro by inducing Hepa1-6 cells apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, CT activated macrophages and polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) toward an M1 phenotype in vitro, which depended on the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, CT significantly inhibited the growth of syngeneic Hepa1-6 hepatoma tumors, and, in combination with anti-PD-L1 cured Hepa1-6-bearing mice with the induction of long-term anti-Hepa1-6 specific immunity. Immunoprofiling of treated Hepa1-6-bearing mice revealed that CT-promoted activation of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells, induction of antitumor T cell response, and infiltration of effector/memory CD8 T cells in the tumor tissue. Importantly, the immunotherapeutic effects of CT and anti-PD-L1 depended on the presence of CD8 T cells. Thus, CT and anti-PD-L1 may provide an effective immunotherapeutic regimen for human HCC based on a combination of cytotoxic effects and induction of tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, #5 Beixian Ge, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, #5 Beixian Ge, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Anna L Trivett
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Sean Hannifin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
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Yang L, Yang L, Dong C, Li L. The class D scavenger receptor CD68 contributes to mouse chronic liver injury. Immunol Res 2019; 66:414-424. [PMID: 29804196 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors, which are expressed on monocyte/macrophages, play a central role in many pathogenic processes. Here, we examined the role of the class D scavenger receptor (CD68) in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMs) in chronic liver injury. The expression pattern of multiple scavenger receptors in two liver injury models (methionine-choline-deficient and high fat (MCDHF), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. CD68 expression was characterized by flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. A selective monocyte/macrophage toxicant, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) was applied to analyze the function of CD68 in vitro and in vivo. Among the seven examined scavenger receptors (CD68, CD36, CD204, MARCO, LOX1, SREC, and CD163), the mRNA expression of CD68 first got uppermost and continuously increased throughout the entire stage of chronic liver injury, thus attracting our attention. In the injured liver, the percentage of recruited CD68+ BMM increased notably, aligning along the developing fibrotic septa, while the proportion of CD68+ KC stayed the same compared with that of control mice. In vitro CD68 was highly expressed in primary cultured BMM, and CD68 reduction was triggered by macrophage phagocytosis and apoptosis in the presence of GdCl3. In the damaged liver, the recruitment of CD68+ BMM and CD68 mRNA expression were reduced by GdCl3 administration, leading to the attenuation of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Altogether, scavenger receptor CD68 plays a key role in mouse chronic liver injury, which has important implications for the design of anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Ramazani Y, Knops N, Elmonem MA, Nguyen TQ, Arcolino FO, van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E, Kuypers D, Goldschmeding R. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) from basics to clinics. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:44-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Meng YK, Li CY, Li RY, He LZ, Cui HR, Yin P, Zhang CE, Li PY, Sang XX, Wang Y, Niu M, Zhang YM, Guo YM, Sun R, Wang JB, Bai ZF, Xiao XH. Cis-stilbene glucoside in Polygonum multiflorum induces immunological idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in LPS-treated rats by suppressing PPAR-γ. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28649126 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) has been used in China to treat a variety of diseases, such as constipation, early graying of the hair and hyperlipemia. Recent evidence shows that PM causes idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of PM-induced liver injury in a rat model of IDILI based on a non-hepatotoxic dose of LPS. SD rats were orally administered 3 potentially hepatotoxic compounds of PM: cis-stilbene glucoside (cis-SG, 50 mg/kg), trans-SG (50 mg/kg) or emodin (5 mg/kg), followed by injection of LPS (2.8 mg/kg, iv). Serum and liver histology were evaluated 7 h after LPS injection. Among the 3 compounds tested, cis-SG, but not emodin or trans-SG, induced severe liver injury in rats when combined with LPS. The levels of AST and ALT in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in both plasma and liver tissues were markedly elevated. The liver tissues showed increased injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration, and decreased cell proliferation. Microarray analysis revealed a negative correlation between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and LPS/cis-SG-induced liver injury. Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR results further confirmed that cis-SG significantly inhibited activation of the PPAR-γ pathway in the liver tissues of LPS/cis-SG-treated rats. Pre-treatment with a PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (500 g/kg, ig) reversed LPS/cis-SG-induced liver injury, which was associated with inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These data demonstrate that cis-stilbene glucoside induces immunological idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity through suppressing PPAR-γ in a rat model of IDILI.
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28
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miR-27b-3p, miR-181a-1-3p, and miR-326-5p are involved in the inhibition of macrophage activation in chronic liver injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1091-1105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via inducing antioxidant response and inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:672-687. [PMID: 28216619 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical impairment that occurs in many circumstances and leads to poor prognosis. Both apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is one of the best-studied anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, which has been verified to exert anti-inflammatory and cell-protective functions in various types of cells and animal models. In this study we explored the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on both apoptosis and autophagy in mouse hepatic I/R injury and its possible mechanisms. A model of segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia was established in Balb/c mice, and the pathological changes in serum and liver tissues were detected at 6, 12, and 24 h post-surgery, while 15d-PGJ2 (2.5, 7.5, 15 μg, iv) was administered 30 min prior the surgery. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 (7.5, 15 μg) significantly ameliorated I/R-induced hepatic injury evidenced by dose-dependent reduction of serum ALT and AST levels as well as alleviated tissue damages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment significantly decreased the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels and the hepatic expression of F4/80, a major biomarker of macrophages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, thus reducing the number of apoptotic cells in the livers. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment considerably suppressed the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3, thus decreasing the number of autophagosomes in the livers. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment activated Nrf2 and inhibited a ROS/HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway in the livers. Pretreatment with the PPARγ receptor blocker GW9662 (2 μg, ip) partly reversed the protective effects of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury. In conclusion, our results confirm the protective effect of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury, an effect that may rely on a reduction in the activation of Kupffer cells and on activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which lead to inhibition of ROS generation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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30
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Chen K, Li J, Li S, Feng J, Wu L, Liu T, Zhang R, Xu S, Cheng K, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Wang F, Dai W, Xia Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. 15d-PGJ2 alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice by up-regulating HO-1 and reducing hepatic cell autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:183-192. [PMID: 27133055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we confirmed a protective effect of 15d-PGJ2 in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced fulminant hepatitis in mice and investigated the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/C mice were injected with ConA (25mg/kg) to induce acute fulminant hepatitis, and 15d-PGJ2 (2.5-10μg) was administered 30min after the ConA injection. The histological grade, pro-inflammatory cytokine and ROS levels, apoptosis and autophagy activity, the expression of HO-1, Nrf2, JNK and Bcl-2 activity were determined 2, 4, and 8h after the ConA injection. RESULTS Following ConA challenge, the expression of cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was up-regulated. Treatment with 15d-PGJ2 reduced the pathological effects of ConA-induced fulminant hepatitis and significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ROS after injection. 15d-PGJ2 inhibited apoptosis and autophagic cell death, facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased HO-1 expression and suppressed the JNK activation. CONCLUSION 15d-PGJ2 alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice by up-regulating the anti-oxidative stress factor HO-1 and reducing the production of cytokines and ROS, thereby inhibiting hepatic cell autophagy probably induced by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Shizan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Keran Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; The First affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; The First affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Shunfeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; The First affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Nan Y, Hong S, Niu X, Li W, Zhao S, Wang R, Zhang Y. Telbivudine protects against renal impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2015-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that treatment with telbivudine might be associated with a significant improvement of renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B. To confirm this finding, a systematic literature review was conducted. Four online databases (PubMed, CNKI/FMJS, Ovid and SpringerLink) were searched. Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate changes from baseline to the end of the treatment were analyzed. A total of seven full-text articles and 13 abstracts with sample sizes ranging from 15 to 689 patients fulfilled the selection criteria for review. The results showed that long-term treatment with telbivudine, either as monotherapy or combined with other nucleos(t)ide analogs, can significantly improve renal function in chronic hepatitis B patients, particularly those at high risk of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanshan Hong
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuemin Niu
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wencong Li
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rongqi Wang
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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32
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Essential Roles of RNA-binding Protein HuR in Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22141. [PMID: 26912347 PMCID: PMC4766441 DOI: 10.1038/srep22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein HuR mediates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced profibrogenic actions. Up-regulation of Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is involved in TGF-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver fibrogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 regulates SphK1 remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of HuR in TGF-β1-induced SphK1 expression and identify a new molecular mechanism in liver fibrogenensis. In vivo, HuR expression was increased, translocated to cytoplasm, and bound to SphK1 mRNA in carbon tetrachloride- and bile duct ligation-induced mouse fibrotic liver. HuR mRNA expression had a positive correlation with mRNA expressions of SphK1 and fibrotic markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen α1(I), respectively. In vitro, up-regulation of SphK1 and activation of HSCs stimulated by TGF-β1 depended on HuR cytoplasmic accumulation. The effects of TGF-β1 were diminished when HuR was silenced or HuR cytoplasmic translocation was blocked. Meanwhile, overexpression of HuR mimicked the effects of TGF-β1. Furthermore, TGF-β1 prolonged half-life of SphK1 mRNA by promoting its binding to HuR. Pharmacological or siRNA-induced SphK1 inhibition abrogated HuR-mediated HSC activation. In conclusion, our data suggested that HuR bound to SphK1 mRNA and played a crucial role in TGF-β1-induced HSC activation.
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33
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PPARγ and the Innate Immune System Mediate the Resolution of Inflammation. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:549691. [PMID: 26713087 PMCID: PMC4680113 DOI: 10.1155/2015/549691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active and dynamic process, mediated in large part by the innate immune system. Resolution represents not only an increase in anti-inflammatory actions, but also a paradigm shift in immune cell function to restore homeostasis. PPARγ, a ligand activated transcription factor, has long been studied for its anti-inflammatory actions, but an emerging body of literature is investigating the role of PPARγ and its ligands (including thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins, and oleanolic acids) in all phases of resolution. PPARγ can shift production from pro- to anti-inflammatory mediators by neutrophils, platelets, and macrophages. PPARγ and its ligands further modulate platelet and neutrophil function, decreasing trafficking, promoting neutrophil apoptosis, and preventing platelet-leukocyte interactions. PPARγ alters macrophage trafficking, increases efferocytosis and phagocytosis, and promotes alternative M2 macrophage activation. There are also roles for this receptor in the adaptive immune response, particularly regarding B cells. These effects contribute towards the attenuation of multiple disease states, including COPD, colitis, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity in animal models. Finally, novel specialized proresolving mediators-eicosanoids with critical roles in resolution-may act through PPARγ modulation to promote resolution, providing another exciting area of therapeutic potential for this receptor.
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34
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15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-Prostaglandin J2 Inhibits Homing of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Triggered by Chronic Liver Injury via Redox Pathway. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:876160. [PMID: 26457076 PMCID: PMC4592740 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have capacity to migrate to the damaged liver and contribute to fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), is considered a new inhibitor of cell migration. However, the actions of 15d-PGJ2 on BMSC migration remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on the migration of BMSCs using a mouse model of chronic liver fibrosis and primary mouse BMSCs. Our results demonstrated that in vivo, 15d-PGJ2 administration inhibited the homing of BMSCs to injured liver by flow cytometric analysis and, in vitro, 15d-PGJ2 suppressed primary BMSC migration in a dose-dependent manner determined by Boyden chamber assay. Furthermore, the repressive effect of 15d-PGJ2 was blocked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, but not PPARγ antagonist, and action of 15d-PGJ2 was not reproduced by PPARγ synthetic ligands. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 triggered a significant ROS production and cytoskeletal remodeling in BMSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that 15d-PGJ2 plays a crucial role in homing of BMSCs to the injured liver dependent on ROS production, independently of PPARγ, which may represent a new strategy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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35
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Yang L, Han Z, Tian L, Mai P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li L. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 and 3 Mediate Bone Marrow-Derived Monocyte/Macrophage Motility in Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13423. [PMID: 26324256 PMCID: PMC4555045 DOI: 10.1038/srep13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) system has been implicated in the pathological process of liver injury. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of S1P/S1PR on bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) migration in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury, and identify the signaling pathway underlying this process. S1PR1–3 expression in BMM was characterized by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell migration was determined in Boyden chambers. In vivo, the chimera mice, which received BM transplants from EGFP-transgenic mice, received an operation of bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce liver injury with the administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists. The results showed that S1PR1–3 were all expressed in BMMs. S1P exerted a powerful migratory action on BMMs via S1PR2 and S1PR3. Furthermore, PTX and LY-294002 (PI3K inhibitor) prevented S1PR2/3-mediated BMM migration, and Rac1 activation by S1P was inhibited by JTE-013, CAY-10444 or LY294002. Administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists in vivo significantly reduced BMM recruitment in BDL-treated mice, and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, S1P/S1PR2/3 system mediates BMM motility by PTX-PI3K-Rac1 signaling pathway, which provides new compelling information on the role of S1P/S1PR in liver injury and opens new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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36
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Mai P, Yang L, Tian L, Wang L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang L, Li L. Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Liver Injury and Inflammation by Activation of Bone Marrow–Derived Monocytes/Macrophages in a CB1-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3390-401. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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15-Deoxy- γ 12,14-prostaglandin J2 Reduces Liver Impairment in a Model of ConA-Induced Acute Hepatic Inflammation by Activation of PPAR γ and Reduction in NF- κ B Activity. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:215631. [PMID: 25120564 PMCID: PMC4121249 DOI: 10.1155/2014/215631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) reduces inflammation and has been identified as an anti-inflammatory prostaglandin in numerous animal models. In this study, we investigated both effects of 15d-PGJ2 and its protection mechanism in concanavalin A- (ConA-) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Materials and Methods. In vivo, Balb/C mice were injected with ConA (25 mg/kg) to induce acute autoimmune hepatitis, and 15d-PGJ2 (10 μg or 25 μg) was administered 1 h before the ConA injection. The histological grade, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and NF-κB and PPARγ activity were determined 6, 12, and 24 h after the ConA injection. In vitro, LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 15d-PGJ2 (2 μM) 1 h before the stimulation with ConA (30 μg/mL). The NF-κB and PPARγ activity were determined 30 min after the ConA administration. Results. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 reduced the pathological effects of ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis and significantly reduced the levels of cytokines after injection. 15d-PGJ2 activated PPARγ, blocked the degradation of IκBα, and inhibited the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Conclusion. These results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 protects against ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. This reduction in inflammation may correlate with the activation of PPARγ and the reduction in NF-κB activity.
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38
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Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2 reduces cardiac fibrosis by attenuating macrophage-mediated inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:383-92. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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39
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Yang C, Gu L, Deng D. Bone marrow-derived cells may not be the original cells for carcinogen-induced mouse gastrointestinal carcinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79615. [PMID: 24260263 PMCID: PMC3834118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It has been reported that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) can be original cells of mouse gastric cancers induced by Helicobacter felis (H. felis) infection. However, it is unknown whether BMDCs are also the original cells of mouse gastrointestinal cancers induced by gastric carcinogens N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) and H. felis infection. METHODS C57BL/6 recipient mice were initially irradiated with 10Gy X-ray, reconstituted with bone marrow cells from the C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) donor mice to label BMDCs with green fluorescence protein (GFP). After 4 weeks of recovery, the bone marrow-transplanted mice were given NMU in drinking water (240 ppm) and subsequently infected with H. felis by gavage. Eighty weeks later, all mice were euthanized for pathological examination. The BMDCs expressing GFP were detected in tissues using direct GFP fluorescence confocal microscopy analysis and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) assays. RESULTS Neoplastic lesions were induced by NMU treatment and/or H. felis infection at the antrum of the glandular stomach and small intestine. In the direct GFP fluorescence confocal assay, GFP(+) epithelial cell cluster or glands were not observed in these gastrointestinal tumors, however, most GFP(+) BMDCs sporadically located in the tumor stromal tissues. Some of these GFP(+) stromal BMDCs co-expressed the hematopoietic marker CD45 or myofibroblasts markers αSMA and SRF. In the indirect GFP IHC assay, similar results were observed among 11 gastric intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and 2 small intestine tumors. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that BMDCs might not be the source of gastrointestinal tumor cells induced by NMU and/or H. felis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Buckner MMC, Antunes LCM, Gill N, Russell SL, Shames SR, Finlay BB. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits macrophage colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69759. [PMID: 23922794 PMCID: PMC3724865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is an anti-inflammatory downstream product of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. It has been implicated to play a protective role in a variety of inflammatory mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, neural damage, and myocardial infarctions. Here we show that 15d-PGJ2 also plays a role in Salmonella infection. Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and replicate inside phagocytic immune cells, allowing for bacterial dissemination to systemic sites. Salmonella species cause a wide range of morbidity and mortality due to gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. Previously we have shown that in mouse models of typhoid fever, Salmonella infection causes a major perturbation in the prostaglandin pathway. Specifically, we saw that 15d-PGJ2 production was significantly increased in both liver and feces. In this work we show that 15d-PGJ2 production is also significantly increased in macrophages infected with Salmonella. Furthermore, we show that the addition of 15d-PGJ2 to Salmonella infected RAW264.7, J774, and bone marrow derived macrophages is sufficient to significantly reduce bacterial colonization. We also show evidence that 15d-PGJ2 is reducing bacterial uptake by macrophages. 15d-PGJ2 reduces the inflammatory response of these infected macrophages, as evidenced by a reduction in the production of cytokines and reactive nitrogen species. The inflammatory response of the macrophage is important for full Salmonella virulence, as it can give the bacteria cues for virulence. The reduction in bacterial colonization is independent of the expression of Salmonella virulence genes SPI1 and SPI2, and is independent of the 15d-PGJ2 ligand PPAR-γ. 15d-PGJ2 also causes an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in infected macrophages. In conclusion, we show here that 15d-PGJ2 mediates the outcome of bacterial infection, a previously unidentified role for this prostaglandin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. C. Buckner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L. Caetano M Antunes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Navkiran Gill
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Russell
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie R. Shames
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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41
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Mandard S, Patsouris D. Nuclear control of the inflammatory response in mammals by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:613864. [PMID: 23577023 PMCID: PMC3614066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/613864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of a very large number of biological processes including inflammation. Using specific examples, this paper focuses on the interplay between PPARs and innate immunity/inflammation and, when possible, compares it among species. We focus on recent discoveries establishing how inflammation and PPARs interact in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and type 2 diabetes, mostly in mouse and humans. We illustrate that PPAR γ ability to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation raises an interesting pharmacologic potential. In the light of recent findings, the protective role of PPAR α and PPAR β / δ against the hepatic inflammatory response is also addressed. While PPARs agonists are well-established agents that can treat numerous inflammatory issues in rodents and humans, surprisingly very little has been described in other species. We therefore also review the implication of PPARs in inflammatory bowel disease; acute-phase response; and central, cardiac, and endothelial inflammation and compare it along different species (mainly mouse, rat, human, and pig). In the light of the data available in the literature, there is no doubt that more studies concerning the impact of PPAR ligands in livestock should be undertaken because it may finally raise unconsidered health and sanitary benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mandard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM-UMR866 “Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer” Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne 7, Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - David Patsouris
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA 1235, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, MB-24, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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