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Zhou E, Ge X, Nakashima H, Li R, van der Zande HJP, Liu C, Li Z, Müller C, Bracher F, Mohammed Y, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Guigas B, Glass CK, Rensen PCN, Giera M, Wang Y. Inhibition of DHCR24 activates LXRα to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16845. [PMID: 37357756 PMCID: PMC10405065 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has theoretical potential for treating NAFLD/NASH, but synthetic agonists induce hyperlipidemia in preclinical models. Desmosterol, which is converted by Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into cholesterol, is a potent endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHCR24 inhibition on NAFLD/NASH development. Here, by using APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice, a well-established translational model that develops diet-induced human-like NAFLD/NASH characteristics, we report that SH42, a published DHCR24 inhibitor, markedly increases desmosterol levels in liver and plasma, reduces hepatic lipid content and the steatosis score, and decreases plasma fatty acid and cholesteryl ester concentrations. Flow cytometry showed that SH42 decreases liver inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell activation and monocyte infiltration. LXRα deficiency completely abolishes these beneficial effects of SH42. Together, the inhibition of DHCR24 by SH42 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a strictly LXRα-dependent manner without causing hyperlipidemia. Finally, we also showed that SH42 treatment decreased liver collagen content and plasma alanine transaminase levels in an established NAFLD model. In conclusion, we anticipate that pharmacological DHCR24 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Potoupni V, Georgiadou M, Chatzigriva E, Polychronidou G, Markou E, Zapantis Gakis C, Filimidou I, Karagianni M, Anastasilakis D, Evripidou K, Ftergioti A, Togkaridou M, Tsaftaridis N, Apostolopoulos A, Polyzos SA. Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3002-3014. [PMID: 34289181 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To synthesize data on circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels between patients with histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL] and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) and controls. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Fifty-six studies, published between 2003 and 2019, were finally included, reporting data from 5848 individuals (1634 controls and 4214 NAFLD patients). RESULTS Higher circulating TNF-α levels were observed in NAFLD patients than controls (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.59-1.09), NAFL patients than controls (SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.27-0.85), NASH patients than controls (SMD 0.93; 95% CI 0.64-1.22), and NASH than NAFL patients (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.16-0.46). There were only minimal changes in the comparisons between groups after excluding studies with morbidly obese populations (n = 11), or pediatric/adolescent populations (n = 6), or other than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method of TNF-α measurement (n = 8). There was high heterogeneity among studies in all comparisons, which was not essentially affected after sensitivity analyses. The meta-regression analysis revealed that the male ratio was positively associated with TNF-α SMD in the comparison between patients with NASH and NAFL (beta = 0.809; 95% CI 0.052-1.566) and accounted for 36% (P = 0.037) of the heterogeneity in this pair of comparison. TNF-α SMD was not associated with age, body mass index, and alanine aminotransferase in any pair of comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Circulating TNF-α levels were higher in patients with NAFLD compared with controls. Higher levels of circulating TNF-α were also associated with the severity of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Potoupni
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eftychia Chatzigriva
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Polychronidou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erietta Markou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Zapantis Gakis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Filimidou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Myriam Karagianni
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Anastasilakis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kleo Evripidou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Argyro Ftergioti
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianthi Togkaridou
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsaftaridis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Apostolopoulos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Keeton R, du Toit JP, Hsu NJ, Dube F, Jacobs M. Immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on both soluble TNFRp55 and soluble TNFRp75. Immunology 2021; 164:524-540. [PMID: 34129695 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis presents a global health challenge, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling is required for host immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TNF receptor shedding, however, compromises effective immunity by reducing bioactive TNF through the formation of inactive complexes. In this study, we first compared the effect of total soluble TNF receptors using a transgenic p55ΔNS /p75-/- murine strain on host protection during a low-dose aerosol Mtb H37Rv challenge. We report that the presence of membrane-bound TNFRp55 alone in the absence of TNFRp75 results in superior control of a primary Mtb infection where p55ΔNS /p75-/- hyperactive dendritic cells displayed an increased capacity to induce a hyperactive Mtb-specific CD4+ T-cell response. p55ΔNS /p75-/- dendritic cells expressed a higher frequency of MHCII and increased MFIs for both CD86 and MHCII, while CD4+ T cells had higher expression of CD44 and IFN-γ. Next, the relative contributions of soluble TNFRp55 and soluble TNFRp75 to host protection against either primary Mtb infection or during reactivation of latent tuberculosis were delineated by comparing the experimental outcomes of control C57BL/6 mice to transgenic p55ΔNS /p75-/- , p55ΔNS and p75-/- mouse strains. We found that soluble TNFRp55 is redundant for immune regulation during the chronic stages of a primary Mtb infection. However, TNFRp55 together with soluble TNFRp75 has a crucial role in immune regulation of reactivation of latent tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jan Pierre du Toit
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Felix Dube
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Amanatidou AI, Dedoussis GV. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction network of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104243. [PMID: 33550014 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease with multidimensional complexities. Many attempts have been made over the years to treat this disease but its incidence is rising. For this reason, the need to identify and study new candidate proteins that may be associated with NAFLD is of utmost importance. Systems-based approaches such as the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network could lead to the discovery of new proteins associated with a disease that can then be translated into clinical practice. The aim of this study is to analyze the interaction network of human proteins associated with NAFLD as well as their experimentally verified interactors and to identify novel associations with other human proteins that may be involved in this disease. Computational analysis made it feasible to detect 77 candidate proteins associated with NAFLD, having high network scores. Furthermore, clustering analysis was performed to identify densely connected regions with biological significance in this network. Additionally, gene expression analysis was conducted to validate part of the findings of this research work. We believe that our research will be helpful in extending experimental efforts to address the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina I Amanatidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece.
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, El. Venizelou 70, 17671, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Understanding lipotoxicity in NAFLD pathogenesis: is CD36 a key driver? Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32978374 PMCID: PMC7519685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD stages range from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the crucial events clearly involved in NAFLD progression is the lipotoxicity resulting from an excessive fatty acid (FFA) influx to hepatocytes. Hepatic lipotoxicity occurs when the capacity of the hepatocyte to manage and export FFAs as triglycerides (TGs) is overwhelmed. This review provides succinct insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for lipotoxicity in NAFLD, including ER and oxidative stress, autophagy, lipoapotosis and inflammation. In addition, we highlight the role of CD36/FAT fatty acid translocase in NAFLD pathogenesis. Up-to-date, it is well known that CD36 increases FFA uptake and, in the liver, it drives hepatosteatosis onset and might contribute to its progression to NASH. Clinical studies have reinforced the significance of CD36 by showing increased content in the liver of NAFLD patients. Interestingly, circulating levels of a soluble form of CD36 (sCD36) are abnormally elevated in NAFLD patients and positively correlate with the histological grade of hepatic steatosis. In fact, the induction of CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes may be a determining factor in the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. Given all these data, targeting the fatty acid translocase CD36 or some of its functional regulators may be a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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6
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Bluemel S, Wang Y, Lee S, Schnabl B. Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 deficiency in hepatocytes does not protect from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but attenuates insulin resistance in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4933-4944. [PMID: 32952340 PMCID: PMC7476178 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i33.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage liver disease caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the second leading indication for liver transplantation. To date, only moderately effective pharmacotherapies exist to treat NASH. Understanding the pathogenesis of NASH is therefore crucial for the development of new therapies. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is important for the progression of liver disease. TNF signaling via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) has been hypothesized to be important for the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma in whole-body knockout animal models.
AIM To investigate the role of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes for steatohepatitis development in a mouse model of diet-induced NASH.
METHODS NASH was induced by a western-style fast-food diet in mice deficient for TNFR1 in hepatocytes (TNFR1ΔHEP) and their wild-type littermates (TNFR1fl/fl). Glucose tolerance was assessed after 18 wk and insulin resistance after 19 wk of feeding. After 20 wk mice were assessed for features of NASH and the metabolic syndrome such as liver weight, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis and markers of liver inflammation.
RESULTS Obesity, liver injury, inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis was not different between TNFR1ΔHEP and TNFR1fl/fl mice. However, Tnfr1 deficiency in hepatocytes protected against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate that deficiency of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes does not protect from diet-induced NASH. However, improved insulin resistance in this model strengthens the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Bluemel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
| | - Suhan Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
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7
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Hodges JK, Sasaki GY, Bruno RS. Anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins along the gut-liver axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: lessons learned from preclinical and human studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108478. [PMID: 32801031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent hepatic disorder worldwide, affecting 25% of the general population, describes a spectrum of progressive liver conditions ranging from relatively benign liver steatosis and advancing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hallmark features of NASH are fatty hepatocytes and inflammatory cell infiltrates in association with increased activation of hepatic nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) that exacerbates liver injury. Because no pharmacological treatments exist for NAFLD, emphasis has been placed on dietary approaches to manage NASH risk. Anti-inflammatory bioactivities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) have been well-studied, especially in preclinical models that have detailed its effects on inflammatory responses downstream of NFκB activation. This review will therefore discuss the experimental evidence that has advanced an understanding of the mechanisms by which GTE, either directly through its catechins or potentially indirectly through microbiota-derived metabolites, limits NFκB activation and NASH-associated liver injury. Specifically, it will describe the hepatic-level benefits of GTE that attenuate intracellular redox distress and pro-inflammatory signaling from extracellular receptors that otherwise activate NFκB. In addition, it will discuss the anti-inflammatory activities of GTE on gut barrier function as well as prebiotic and antimicrobial effects on gut microbial ecology that help to limit the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins (e.g. lipopolysaccharides) to the liver where they otherwise upregulate NFκB activation by Toll-like receptor-4 signaling. This summary is therefore expected to advance research translation of the hepatic- and intestinal-level benefits of GTE and its catechins to help manage NAFLD-associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Hodges
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
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8
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Saeed A, Bartuzi P, Heegsma J, Dekker D, Kloosterhuis N, de Bruin A, Jonker JW, van de Sluis B, Faber KN. Impaired Hepatic Vitamin A Metabolism in NAFLD Mice Leading to Vitamin A Accumulation in Hepatocytes. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:309-325.e3. [PMID: 32698042 PMCID: PMC7768561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Systemic retinol (vitamin A) homeostasis is controlled by the liver, involving close collaboration between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Genetic variants in retinol metabolism (PNPLA3 and HSD17B13) are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and disease progression. Still, little mechanistic details are known about hepatic vitamin A metabolism in NAFLD, which may affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and the development of fibrosis and cancer, e.g. all risk factors of NAFLD. METHODS Here, we analyzed vitamin A metabolism in 2 mouse models of NAFLD; mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet and Leptinob mutant (ob/ob) mice. RESULTS Hepatic retinol and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels were significantly reduced in both mouse models of NAFLD. In contrast, hepatic retinyl palmitate levels (the vitamin A storage form) were significantly elevated in these mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed a hyperdynamic state of hepatic vitamin A metabolism, with enhanced retinol storage and metabolism (upregulated Lrat, Dgat1, Pnpla3, Raldh's and RAR/RXR-target genes) in fatty livers, in conjunction with induced hepatic inflammation (upregulated Cd68, Tnfα, Nos2, Il1β, Il-6) and fibrosis (upregulated Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfβ, Timp1). Autofluorescence analyses revealed prominent vitamin A accumulation in hepatocytes rather than HSC in HFC-fed mice. Palmitic acid exposure increased Lrat mRNA levels in primary rat hepatocytes and promoted retinyl palmitate accumulation when co-treated with retinol, which was not detected for similarly-treated primary rat HSCs. CONCLUSION NAFLD leads to cell type-specific rearrangements in retinol metabolism leading to vitamin A accumulation in hepatocytes. This may promote disease progression and/or affect therapeutic approaches targeting nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Paulina Bartuzi
- Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Dekker
- Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Kloosterhuis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Ulven SM, Holven KB, Rundblad A, Myhrstad MCW, Leder L, Dahlman I, de Mello VD, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Pihlajamäki J, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Kolehmainen M. An Isocaloric Nordic Diet Modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122932. [PMID: 31816875 PMCID: PMC6950764 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELAproto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22840208
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterlemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lena Leder
- Mills AS, Sofienberggt. 19, 0558 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 021100 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
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10
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Shajari S, Saeed A, Smith-Cortinez NF, Heegsma J, Sydor S, Faber KN. Hormone-sensitive lipase is a retinyl ester hydrolase in human and rat quiescent hepatic stellate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1258-1267. [PMID: 31150775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) store vitamin A as retinyl esters and control circulating retinol levels. Upon liver injury, quiescent (q)HSC lose their vitamin A and transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts, e.g. activated (a)HSC, which promote fibrosis by producing excessive extracellular matrix. Adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (ATGL/PNPLA2) and adiponutrin (ADPN/PNPLA3) have so far been shown to mobilize retinol from retinyl esters in HSC. Here, we studied the putative role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL/LIPE) in HSC, as it is the major retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) in adipose tissue. Lipe/HSL expression was analyzed in rat liver and primary human and rat qHSC and culture-activated aHSC. Retinyl hydrolysis was analyzed after Isoproterenol-mediated phosphorylation/activation of HSL. Primary human HSC contain 2.5-fold higher LIPE mRNA levels compared to hepatocytes. Healthy rat liver contains significant mRNA and protein levels of HSL/Lipe, which predominates in qHSC and cells of the portal tree. Q-PCR comparison indicates that Lipe mRNA levels in qHSC are dominant over Pnpla2 and Pnpla3. HSL is mostly phosphorylated/activated in qHSC and partly colocalizes with vitamin A-containing lipid droplets. Lipe/HSL and Pnpla3 expression is rapidly lost during HSC culture-activation, while Pnpla2 expression is maintained. HSL super-activation by isoproterenol accelerates loss of lipid droplets and retinyl palmitate from HSC, which coincided with a small, but significant reduction in HSC proliferation and suppression of Collagen1A1 mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, HSL participates in vitamin A metabolism in qHSC. Equivalent activities of ATGL and ADPN provide the healthy liver with multiple routes to control circulating retinol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shajari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Natalia F Smith-Cortinez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Spradley FT, Smith JA, Alexander BT, Anderson CD. Developmental origins of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for exaggerated metabolic and cardiovascular-renal disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E795-E814. [PMID: 29509436 PMCID: PMC6293166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00394.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is linked to increased risk for chronic disease. Placental ischemia and insufficiency in the mother are implicated in predisposing IUGR offspring to metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, insulin resistance, abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unclear whether these metabolic disturbances contribute to the developmental origins of exaggerated cardiovascular-renal disease (CVRD) risk accompanying IUGR. IUGR impacts the pancreas, adipose tissue, and liver, which are hypothesized to program for hepatic insulin resistance and subsequent NAFLD. NAFLD is projected to become the major cause of chronic liver disease and contributor to uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. While NAFLD is increased in experimental models of IUGR, lacking is a full comprehension of the mechanisms responsible for programming of NAFLD and whether this potentiates susceptibility to liver injury. The use of well-established and clinically relevant rodent models, which mimic the clinical characteristics of IUGR, metabolic disturbances, and increased blood pressure in the offspring, will permit investigation into mechanisms linking adverse influences during early life and later chronic health. The purpose of this review is to propose mechanisms, including those proinflammatory in nature, whereby IUGR exacerbates the pathogenesis of NAFLD and how these adverse programmed outcomes contribute to exaggerated CVRD risk. Understanding the etiology of the developmental origins of chronic disease will allow investigators to uncover treatment strategies to intervene in the mother and her offspring to halt the increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction and CVRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jillian A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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12
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Kanda T, Matsuoka S, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Nirei K, Takahashi H, Kaneko T, Fujisawa M, Higuchi T, Nakamura H, Matsumoto N, Yamagami H, Ogawa M, Imazu H, Kuroda K, Moriyama M. Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2661-2672. [PMID: 29991872 PMCID: PMC6034146 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has been increasing. NASH causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is one of the most serious health problems in the world. The mechanism through which NASH progresses is still largely unknown. Activation of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-induced hepatocyte apoptosis plays a role in the activation of NAFLD/NASH. Apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate immune cells and hepatic stellate cells toward the progression of fibrosis in the liver through the production of inflammasomes and cytokines. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as microbiota accelerate these processes. The production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved. Cell death, including apoptosis, seems very important in the progression of NAFLD and NASH. Recently, inhibitors of apoptosis have been developed as drugs for the treatment of NASH and may prevent cirrhosis and HCC. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. In this review, the association between apoptosis and NAFLD/NASH are discussed. This review could provide their knowledge, which plays a role in seeing the patients with NAFLD/NASH in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Motomi Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nirei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamagami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imazu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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13
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Animal models of NAFLD from the pathologist's point of view. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:929-942. [PMID: 29746920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a multifactorial world-wide health problem resulting from a complex interplay between liver, adipose tissue and intestine and initiated by alcohol abuse, overeating, various types of intoxication, adverse drug reactions and genetic or acquired metabolic defects. Depending on etiology fatty liver disease is commonly categorized as alcoholic or non-alcoholic. Both types may progress from simple steatosis to the necro-inflammatory lesion of alcoholic (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), respectively, and finally to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Animal models are helpful to clarify aspects of pathogenesis and progression. Generally, they are classified as nutritional (dietary), toxin-induced and genetic, respectively, or represent a combination of these factors. Numerous reviews are dealing with NASH animal models designed to imitate as closely as possible the metabolic situation associated with human disease. This review focuses on currently used mouse models of NASH with particular emphasis on liver morphology. Despite metabolic similarities most models (except those with chemically or genetically induced porphyria or keratin 18-deficiency) fail to develop the morphologic key features of NASH, namely hepatocyte ballooning and formation of histologically and immunohistochemically well-defined Mallory-Denk-Bodies (MDBs). Although MDBs are not universally detectable in ballooned hepatocytes in NASH their experimental reproduction and analysis may, however, significantly contribute to our understanding of important pathogenic aspects of NASH despite the obvious differences in etiology.
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14
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Lambertucci F, Arboatti A, Sedlmeier MG, Motiño O, Alvarez MDL, Ceballos MP, Villar SR, Roggero E, Monti JA, Pisani G, Quiroga AD, Martín-Sanz P, Carnovale CE, Francés DE, Ronco MT. Disruption of tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 signaling accelerates NAFLD progression in mice upon a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:17-27. [PMID: 29860102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by a low-grade inflammation state, characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines levels such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). In this regard, there exists a lack of studies in hepatic tissue about the role of TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the context of obesity and insulin resistance during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high-caloric feeding (HFD) (40% fat, for 16 weeks) on liver inflammation-induced apoptosis, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation and its progression toward nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in TNFR1 knock-out and wild-type mice. Mechanisms involved in HFD-derived IL-1β release and impairment of insulin signaling are still unknown, so we determined whether IL-1β affects liver insulin sensitivity and apoptosis through TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent pathways. We showed that knocking out TNFR1 induces an enhanced IL-1β plasmatic release upon HFD feed. This was correlated with higher hepatic and epididymal white adipose tissue mRNA levels. In vivo and in vitro assays confirmed an impairment in hepatic insulin signaling, in part due to IL-1β-induced decrease of AKT activation and diminution of IRS1 levels, followed by an increase in inflammation, macrophage (resident and recruited) accumulation, hepatocyte apoptotic process and finally hepatic damage. In addition, TNFR1 KO mice displayed higher levels of pro-fibrogenic markers. TNFR1 signaling disruption upon an HFD leads to an accelerated progression from simple steatosis to a more severe phenotype with many NASH features, pointing out a key role of TNFR1 in NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lambertucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ainelén Arboatti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Omar Motiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Luján Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Paula Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Roggero
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan A Monti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Pisani
- Cátedra de Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Eleazar Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Ronco
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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15
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Riedlinger T, Dommerholt MB, Wijshake T, Kruit JK, Huijkman N, Dekker D, Koster M, Kloosterhuis N, Koonen DP, de Bruin A, Baker D, Hofker MH, van Deursen J, Jonker JW, Schmitz ML, van de Sluis B. NF-κB p65 serine 467 phosphorylation sensitizes mice to weight gain and TNFα-or diet-induced inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1785-1798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Liu YZ, Wang YX, Jiang CL. Inflammation: The Common Pathway of Stress-Related Diseases. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:316. [PMID: 28676747 PMCID: PMC5476783 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While modernization has dramatically increased lifespan, it has also witnessed that the nature of stress has changed dramatically. Chronic stress result failures of homeostasis thus lead to various diseases such as atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and depression. However, while 75%-90% of human diseases is related to the activation of stress system, the common pathways between stress exposure and pathophysiological processes underlying disease is still debatable. Chronic inflammation is an essential component of chronic diseases. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggested that excessive inflammation plays critical roles in the pathophysiology of the stress-related diseases, yet the basis for this connection is not fully understood. Here we discuss the role of inflammation in stress-induced diseases and suggest a common pathway for stress-related diseases that is based on chronic mild inflammation. This framework highlights the fundamental impact of inflammation mechanisms and provides a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zi Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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17
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Similarities and interactions between the ageing process and high chronic intake of added sugars. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30:191-207. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn our societies, the proportions of elderly people and of obese individuals are increasing. Both factors are associated with high health-related costs. During obesity, many authors suggest that it is a high chronic intake of added sugars (HCIAS) that triggers the shift towards pathology. However, the majority of studies were performed in young subjects and only a few were interested in the interaction with the ageing process. Our purpose was to discuss the metabolic effects of HCIAS, compare with the effects of ageing, and evaluate how deleterious the combined action of HCIAS and ageing could be. This effect of HCIAS seems mediated by fructose, targeting the liver first, which may lead to all subsequent metabolic alterations. The first basic alterations induced by fructose are increased oxidative stress, protein glycation, inflammation, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. These alterations are also present during the ageing process, and are closely related to each other, one leading to the other. These basic alterations are also involved in more complex syndromes, which are also favoured by HCIAS, and present during ageing. These include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Cumulative effects of ageing and HCIAS have been seldom tested and may not always be strictly additive. Data also suggest that some of the metabolic alterations that are more prevalent during ageing could be related more with nutritional habits than to intrinsic ageing. In conclusion, it is clear that HCIAS interacts with the ageing process, accelerates the accumulation of metabolic alterations, and that it should be avoided.
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18
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Sangüesa G, Baena M, Hutter N, Montañés JC, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alegret M. The Addition of Liquid Fructose to a Western-Type Diet in LDL-R -/- Mice Induces Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis Markers without Disrupting Insulin Receptor Signalling after an Insulin Challenge. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030278. [PMID: 28294959 PMCID: PMC5372941 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of fat and simple sugars, especially fructose, has been related to the development of insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the effects of these nutrients are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of a Western-type diet and liquid fructose supplementation, alone and combined, on insulin signalling and inflammation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice (LDL-R−/−). LDL-R−/− mice were fed chow or Western diet ±15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin, and the expression of genes related to inflammation in the liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), were analysed. V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog-2 (Akt) activation was measured in the liver of the mice after a single injection of saline or insulin. None of the dietary interventions caused inflammation in vWAT, whereas the Western diet induced hepatic inflammation, which was further enhanced by liquid fructose, leading also to a significant increase in fibrogenesis markers. However, there was no change in plasma glucose or insulin, or insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis markers induced by a Western diet supplemented with liquid fructose in LDL-R−/− mice are not associated with a significant impairment of hepatic insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Hutter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Carlos Montañés
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
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19
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Inflammation and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Tissue-Specific Functions of NF-κB. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:417-429. [PMID: 28237661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a major health concern in Western society, and medical conditions associated with obesity are grouped in the metabolic syndrome. Overnutrition activates several proinflammatory signaling pathways, leading to a condition of chronic low-grade inflammation in several metabolic tissues affecting their proper function. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is a crucial pathway in this process and has been studied extensively in the context of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Here we give an overview of the molecular mechanisms behind the inflammatory function of NF-κB in response to overnutrition and the effect this has on several metabolic tissues.
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20
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Li J, Sapper TN, Mah E, Rudraiah S, Schill KE, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Moller MV, McDonald JD, Rohrer PR, Manautou JE, Bruno RS. Green tea extract provides extensive Nrf2-independent protection against lipid accumulation and NFκB pro- inflammatory responses during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:858-70. [PMID: 26679056 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green tea extract (GTE) reduces liver steatosis and inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized GTE would mitigate NASH in a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent manner in a high fat (HF) induced model. METHODS AND RESULTS Nrf2-null and wild-type (WT) mice were fed an HF diet containing 0 or 2% GTE for eight weeks prior to assessing parameters of NASH. Compared to WT mice, Nrf2-null mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic triglyceride, expression of free fatty acid uptake and lipogenic genes, malondialdehyde and NFκB phosphorylation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In WT mice, GTE increased Nrf2 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 mRNA, and lowered hepatic steatosis, lipid uptake and lipogenic gene expression, malondialdehyde, and NFκB-dependent inflammation. In Nrf2-null mice, GTE lowered NFκB phosphorylation and TNF-α and MCP1 mRNA to levels observed in WT mice fed GTE whereas hepatic triglyceride and lipogenic genes were lowered only to those of WT mice fed no GTE. Malondialdehyde was lowered in Nrf2-null mice fed GTE, but not to levels of WT mice, and without improving the hepatic antioxidants α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and uric acid. CONCLUSION Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates NASH whereas anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of GTE likely occur largely independent of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biofortis, Inc, Addison, IL, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kevin E Schill
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Meredith V Moller
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip R Rohrer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Imbalanced insulin action in chronic over nutrition: Clinical harm, molecular mechanisms, and a way forward. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:225-82. [PMID: 26967715 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing worldwide prevalence of overnutrition and underexertion threatens the gains that we have made against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other maladies. Chronic overnutrition causes the atherometabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of seemingly unrelated health problems characterized by increased abdominal girth and body-mass index, high fasting and postprandial concentrations of cholesterol- and triglyceride-rich apoB-lipoproteins (C-TRLs), low plasma HDL levels, impaired regulation of plasma glucose concentrations, hypertension, and a significant risk of developing overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, individuals with this syndrome exhibit fatty liver, hypercoagulability, sympathetic overactivity, a gradually rising set-point for body adiposity, a substantially increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and--crucially--hyperinsulinemia. Many lines of evidence indicate that each component of the atherometabolic syndrome arises, or is worsened by, pathway-selective insulin resistance and responsiveness (SEIRR). Individuals with SEIRR require compensatory hyperinsulinemia to control plasma glucose levels. The result is overdrive of those pathways that remain insulin-responsive, particularly ERK activation and hepatic de-novo lipogenesis (DNL), while carbohydrate regulation deteriorates. The effects are easily summarized: if hyperinsulinemia does something bad in a tissue or organ, that effect remains responsive in the atherometabolic syndrome and T2DM; and if hyperinsulinemia might do something good, that effect becomes resistant. It is a deadly imbalance in insulin action. From the standpoint of human health, it is the worst possible combination of effects. In this review, we discuss the origins of the atherometabolic syndrome in our historically unprecedented environment that only recently has become full of poorly satiating calories and incessant enticements to sit. Data are examined that indicate the magnitude of daily caloric imbalance that causes obesity. We also cover key aspects of healthy, balanced insulin action in liver, endothelium, brain, and elsewhere. Recent insights into the molecular basis and pathophysiologic harm from SEIRR in these organs are discussed. Importantly, a newly discovered oxide transport chain functions as the master regulator of the balance amongst different limbs of the insulin signaling cascade. This oxide transport chain--abbreviated 'NSAPP' after its five major proteins--fails to function properly during chronic overnutrition, resulting in this harmful pattern of SEIRR. We also review the origins of widespread, chronic overnutrition. Despite its apparent complexity, one factor stands out. A sophisticated junk food industry, aided by subsidies from willing governments, has devoted years of careful effort to promote overeating through the creation of a new class of food and drink that is low- or no-cost to the consumer, convenient, savory, calorically dense, yet weakly satiating. It is past time for the rest of us to overcome these foes of good health and solve this man-made epidemic.
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22
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van der Heijden RA, Sheedfar F, Morrison MC, Hommelberg PPH, Kor D, Kloosterhuis NJ, Gruben N, Youssef SA, de Bruin A, Hofker MH, Kleemann R, Koonen DPY, Heeringa P. High-fat diet induced obesity primes inflammation in adipose tissue prior to liver in C57BL/6j mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:256-68. [PMID: 25979814 PMCID: PMC4429090 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue and the liver is frequently observed as a result of diet-induced obesity in human and rodent studies. Although the adipose tissue and the liver are both prone to become chronically inflamed with prolonged obesity, their individual contribution to the development of metabolic inflammation remains speculative. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the sequence of inflammatory events in adipose and hepatic tissues to determine their contribution to the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in diet-induced obesity. To confirm our hypothesis that adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is initiated prior to hepatic inflammation, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal fat) for either 24, 40 or 52 weeks. Lipid accumulation and inflammation was measured in AT and liver. Glucose tolerance was assessed and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin were measured at various time points throughout the study. With HFD, C57BL/6j mice developed a progressive obese phenotype, accompanied by IR at 24 and 40 weeks of HFD, but IR was attenuated after 52 weeks of HFD. AT inflammation was present after 24 weeks of HFD, as indicated by the increased presence of crown-like structures and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes Tnf, Il1β, Mcp1 and F4/80. As hepatic inflammation was not detected until 40 weeks of HFD, we show that AT inflammation is established prior to the development of hepatic inflammation. Thus, AT inflammation is likely to have a greater contribution to the development of IR compared to hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel A van der Heijden
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fareeba Sheedfar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal P H Hommelberg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Kor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Gruben
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Marcinko K, Sikkema SR, Samaan MC, Kemp BE, Fullerton MD, Steinberg GR. High intensity interval training improves liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2015; 4:903-15. [PMID: 26909307 PMCID: PMC4731736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endurance exercise training reduces insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an effect often associated with modest weight loss. Recent studies have indicated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) lowers blood glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes independently of weight loss; however, the organs affected and mechanisms mediating the glucose lowering effects are not known. Intense exercise increases phosphorylation and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in muscle, adipose tissue and liver. AMPK and ACC are key enzymes regulating fatty acid metabolism, liver fat content, adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity but the importance of this pathway in regulating insulin sensitivity with HIIT is unknown. Methods In the current study, the effects of 6 weeks of HIIT were examined using obese mice with serine–alanine knock-in mutations on the AMPK phosphorylation sites of ACC1 and ACC2 (AccDKI) or wild-type (WT) controls. Results HIIT lowered blood glucose and increased exercise capacity, food intake, basal activity levels, carbohydrate oxidation and liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed WT and AccDKI mice. These changes occurred independently of weight loss or reductions in adiposity, inflammation and liver lipid content. Conclusions These data indicate that HIIT lowers blood glucose levels by improving adipose and liver insulin sensitivity independently of changes in adiposity, adipose tissue inflammation, liver lipid content or AMPK phosphorylation of ACC. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves exercise capacity and whole-body glucose homeostasis. HIIT enhances liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity independent of body weight and adiposity. HIIT does not change adipose tissue cell size, macrophage infiltration, inflammation and liver lipid content. HIIT exercise training improves insulin sensitivity independently of the AMPK-ACC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Marcinko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah R Sikkema
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Wolfs MGM, Gruben N, Rensen SS, Verdam FJ, Greve JW, Driessen A, Wijmenga C, Buurman WA, Franke L, Scheja L, Koonen DPY, Shiri-Sverdlov R, van Haeften TW, Hofker MH, Fu J. Determining the association between adipokine expression in multiple tissues and phenotypic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e146. [PMID: 25664838 PMCID: PMC4338415 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-associated disease, and in obesity adipokines are believed to be involved in the development of NAFLD. However, it is still not clear whether adipokines in the liver and/or adipose tissues can be related to the development of specific characteristics of NAFLD, such as steatosis and inflammation. We aimed to address this question by simultaneously examining the adipokine expression in three tissue types in obese individuals. Methods: We enrolled 93 severely obese individuals with NAFLD, varying from simple steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Their expression of 48 adipokines in the liver, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was correlated to their phenotypic features of NAFLD. We further determined whether the correlations were tissue specific and/or independent of covariates, including age, sex, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Results: The expression of adipokines showed a liver- and adipose tissue-specific pattern. We identified that the expression of leptin, angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and chemerin in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with different NAFLD features, including steatosis, ballooning, portal and lobular inflammation. In addition, the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) (IGF1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) in the liver tissue and the expression of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) in both the liver and SAT were associated with NAFLD features. The correlations between ANGPT2 and CXCL10, and NAFLD features were dependent on insulin resistance and T2D, but for the other genes the correlation with at least one NAFLD feature remained significant after correcting for the covariates. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in obese individuals, VAT-derived leptin and chemerin, and hepatic expression of TNF, IGF1, IL1RN and PAI-1 are involved in the development of NAFLD features. Further, functional studies are warranted to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G M Wolfs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Gruben
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S S Rensen
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J Verdam
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W Greve
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Driessen
- 1] Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - C Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W A Buurman
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Franke
- 1] Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - L Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D P Y Koonen
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T W van Haeften
- 1] Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M H Hofker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Gruben N, Funke A, Kloosterhuis NJ, Schreurs M, Sheedfar F, Havinga R, Houten SM, Shiri-Sverdlov R, van de Sluis B, Kuivenhoven JA, Koonen DPY, Hofker MH. Cholesterol-induced hepatic inflammation does not underlie the predisposition to insulin resistance in dyslipidemic female LDL receptor knockout mice. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:956854. [PMID: 25815343 PMCID: PMC4359820 DOI: 10.1155/2015/956854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered a causal risk factor predisposing to insulin resistance. However, evidence is accumulating that inflammation confined to the liver may not be causal to metabolic dysfunction. To investigate this, we assessed if hepatic inflammation explains the predisposition towards insulin resistance in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (Ldlr (-/-)) mice. For this, wild type (WT) and Ldlr (-/-) mice were fed a chow diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or a high fat, high cholesterol (HFC) diet for 2 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were elevated in chow-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Although short-term HF or HFC feeding did not result in body weight gain and adipose tissue inflammation, dyslipidemia was worsened in Ldlr (-/-) mice compared to WT mice. In addition, dyslipidemic HF-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice had a higher hepatic glucose production rate than HF-fed WT mice, while peripheral insulin resistance was unaffected. This suggests that HF-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice suffered from hepatic insulin resistance. While HFC-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice displayed the anticipated increased hepatic inflammation, this did neither exacerbate systemic nor hepatic insulin resistance. Therefore, our results show that hepatic insulin resistance is unrelated to cholesterol-induced hepatic inflammation in Ldlr (-/-) mice, indicating that hepatic inflammation may not contribute to metabolic dysfunction per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Gruben
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Funke
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Schreurs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fareeba Sheedfar
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Academic Medical Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debby P. Y. Koonen
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- *Debby P. Y. Koonen:
| | - Marten H. Hofker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
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26
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Gruben N, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Koonen DPY, Hofker MH. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A main driver of insulin resistance or a dangerous liaison? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2329-2343. [PMID: 25128743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the key components of the metabolic syndrome and it eventually leads to the development of type 2 diabetes, making it one of the biggest medical problems of modern society. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are tightly associated with insulin resistance. While it is fairly clear that insulin resistance causes hepatic steatosis, it is not known if NAFLD causes insulin resistance. Hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation are believed to be the main drivers of hepatic insulin resistance in NAFLD. Here we give an overview of the evidence linking hepatic lipid accumulation to the development of insulin resistance, including the accumulation of triacylglycerol and lipid metabolites, such as diacylglycerol and ceramides. In particular, we discuss the role of obesity in this relation by reviewing the current evidence in terms of the reported changes in body weight and/or adipose tissue mass. We further discuss whether the activation or inhibition of inflammatory pathways, Kupffer cells and other immune cells influences the development of insulin resistance. We show that, in contrast to what is commonly believed, neither hepatic steatosis nor hepatic inflammation is sufficient to cause insulin resistance. Many studies show that obesity cannot be ignored as an underlying factor in this relationship and NAFLD is therefore less likely to be one of the main drivers of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Gruben
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Maastricht University, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Bartuzi P, Wijshake T, Dekker DC, Fedoseienko A, Kloosterhuis NJ, Youssef SA, Li H, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Kuivenhoven JA, de Bruin A, Burstein E, Hofker MH, van de Sluis B. A cell-type-specific role for murine Commd1 in liver inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2257-65. [PMID: 25072958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and it has been implicated in various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although transient NF-κB activation may protect tissues from stress, a prolonged NF-κB activation can have a detrimental effect on tissue homeostasis and therefore accurate termination is crucial. Copper Metabolism MURR1 Domain-containing 1 (COMMD1), a protein with functions in multiple pathways, has been shown to suppress NF-κB activity. However, its action in controlling liver inflammation has not yet been investigated. To determine the cell-type-specific contribution of Commd1 to liver inflammation, we used hepatocyte and myeloid-specific Commd1-deficient mice. We also used a mouse model of NAFLD to study low-grade chronic liver inflammation: we fed the mice a high fat, high cholesterol (HFC) diet, which results in hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by liver inflammation. Depletion of hepatocyte Commd1 resulted in elevated levels of the NF-κB transactivation subunit p65 (RelA) but, surprisingly, the level of liver inflammation was not aggravated. In contrast, deficiency of myeloid Commd1 exacerbated diet-induced liver inflammation. Unexpectedly we observed that hepatic and myeloid Commd1 deficiency in the mice both augmented hepatic lipid accumulation. The elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid Commd1-deficient mice might be responsible for the increased level of steatosis. This increase was not seen in hepatocyte Commd1-deficient mice, in which increased lipid accumulation appeared to be independent of inflammation. Our mouse models demonstrate a cell-type-specific role for Commd1 in suppressing liver inflammation and in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bartuzi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Wijshake
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne C Dekker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Fedoseienko
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Haiying Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX 75390-9151, USA
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Albert Kuivenhoven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ezra Burstein
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX 75390-9151, USA
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Lim JW, Dillon J, Miller M. Proteomic and genomic studies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - clues in the pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8325-8340. [PMID: 25024592 PMCID: PMC4093687 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widely prevalent hepatic disorder that covers wide spectrum of liver pathology. NAFLD is strongly associated with liver inflammation, metabolic hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance. Frequently, NAFLD has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated. Some patients can remain in the stage of simple steatosis, which generally is a benign condition; whereas others can develop liver inflammation and progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism behind the progression is still not fully understood. Much ongoing proteomic researches have focused on discovering the unbiased circulating biochemical markers to allow early detection and treatment of NAFLD. Comprehensive genomic studies have also begun to provide new insights into the gene polymorphism to understand patient-disease variations. Therefore, NAFLD is considered a complex and mutifactorial disease phenotype resulting from environmental exposures acting on a susceptible polygenic background. This paper reviewed the current status of proteomic and genomic studies that have contributed to the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis. For proteomics section, this review highlighted functional proteins that involved in: (1) transportation; (2) metabolic pathway; (3) acute phase reaction; (4) anti-inflammatory; (5) extracellular matrix; and (6) immune system. In the genomic studies, this review will discuss genes which involved in: (1) lipolysis; (2) adipokines; and (3) cytokines production.
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29
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Jurk D, Wilson C, Passos JF, Oakley F, Correia-Melo C, Greaves L, Saretzki G, Fox C, Lawless C, Anderson R, Hewitt G, Pender SLF, Fullard N, Nelson G, Mann J, van de Sluis B, Mann DA, von Zglinicki T. Chronic inflammation induces telomere dysfunction and accelerates ageing in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 2:4172. [PMID: 24960204 PMCID: PMC4090717 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with normal and pathological ageing. Here we show that chronic, progressive low-grade inflammation induced by knockout of the nfkb1 subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB induces premature ageing in mice. We also show that these mice have reduced regeneration in liver and gut. nfkb1(-/-) fibroblasts exhibit aggravated cell senescence because of an enhanced autocrine and paracrine feedback through NF-κB, COX-2 and ROS, which stabilizes DNA damage. Preferential accumulation of telomere-dysfunctional senescent cells in nfkb1(-/-) tissues is blocked by anti-inflammatory or antioxidant treatment of mice, and this rescues tissue regenerative potential. Frequencies of senescent cells in liver and intestinal crypts quantitatively predict mean and maximum lifespan in both short- and long-lived mice cohorts. These data indicate that systemic chronic inflammation can accelerate ageing via ROS-mediated exacerbation of telomere dysfunction and cell senescence in the absence of any other genetic or environmental factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jurk
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - João F. Passos
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Laura Greaves
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Chris Fox
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Conor Lawless
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rhys Anderson
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Sylvia LF Pender
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton. Mailpoint 813, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nicola Fullard
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Liver Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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30
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Genetic ablation of macrohistone H2A1 leads to increased leanness, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure in mice fed a high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:331-8. [PMID: 24849394 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In the context of obesity, epigenetic mechanisms regulate cell-specific chromatin plasticity, perpetuating gene expression responses to nutrient excess. MacroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, emerged as a key chromatin regulator sensing small nutrients during cell proliferation and differentiation. Mice genetically ablated for macroH2A1 (knockout (KO)) do not show overt phenotypes under a standard diet. Our objective was to analyse the in vivo role of macroH2A1 in response to nutritional excess. METHODS Twelve-week-old whole-body macroH2A1 KO male mice were given a high-fat diet (60% energy from lard) for 12 weeks until being killed, and examined for glucose and insulin tolerance, and for body fat composition. Energy expenditure was assessed using metabolic cages and by measuring the expression levels of genes involved in thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) or in adipogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). RESULTS Under a chow diet, macroH2A1 KO mice did not differ from their wild-type (WT) littermates for body weight, and for sensitivity to glucose or insulin. However, KO mice displayed decreased heat production (P<0.05), and enhanced total activity during the night (P<0.01). These activities related to protection against diet-induced obesity in KO mice, which displayed decreased body weight owing to a specific decrease in fat mass (P<0.05), increased tolerance to glucose (P<0.05), and enhanced total activity during the day (P<0.05), compared with WT mice. KO mice displayed increased expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1, P<0.05; Glut4, P<0.05; Cox4, P<0.01) in BAT and a decreased expression of adipogenic genes (Pparγ, P<0.05; Fabp4, P<0.05; Glut4, P<0.05) in VAT compared with WT mice, indicative of augmented energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Genetic eviction of macroH2A1 confers protection against diet-induced obesity and metabolic derangements in mice. Inhibition of macroH2A1 might be a helpful strategy for epigenetic therapy of obesity.
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31
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Sheedfar F, Biase SD, Koonen D, Vinciguerra M. Liver diseases and aging: friends or foes? Aging Cell 2013; 12:950-4. [PMID: 23815295 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the only internal human organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue, as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. The process of aging predisposes to hepatic functional and structural impairment and metabolic risk. Therefore, understanding how aging could affect the molecular pathology of liver diseases is particularly important, and few studies to date have tackled this complex process. The most common liver disease, affecting one-third of the overall population, is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by an intrahepatic accumulation of lipids. NAFLD can evolve into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation. NASH is a serious risk factor for disabling and deadly liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Old age seems to favor NAFLD, NASH, and ultimately HCC, in agreement with the inflamm-aging theory, according to which aging accrues inflammation. However, the incidence of HCC drops significantly in the very elderly (individuals aged more than 70) and the relationship between the progression of NAFLD/NASH/HCC and very old age is obscure. In this review, we discuss the literature and we argue that there might be an age window in which the liver becomes resistant to the development of injury; this needs to be studied to understand fully the interaction between age and liver diseases from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeba Sheedfar
- Molecular Genetics; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG); Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Andrus Gerontology Center and Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Debby Koonen
- Molecular Genetics; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG); Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Division of Medicine; University College London (UCL) - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute for Science and Technology (IEMEST); Palermo Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences; Division of Internal Medicine; IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”; S. Giovanni Rotondo Italy
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32
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Turner N, Kowalski GM, Leslie SJ, Risis S, Yang C, Lee-Young RS, Babb JR, Meikle PJ, Lancaster GI, Henstridge DC, White PJ, Kraegen EW, Marette A, Cooney GJ, Febbraio MA, Bruce CR. Distinct patterns of tissue-specific lipid accumulation during the induction of insulin resistance in mice by high-fat feeding. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1638-48. [PMID: 23620060 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS While it is well known that diet-induced obesity causes insulin resistance, the precise mechanisms underpinning the initiation of insulin resistance are unclear. To determine factors that may cause insulin resistance, we have performed a detailed time-course study in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were fed chow or an HFD from 3 days to 16 weeks and glucose tolerance and tissue-specific insulin action were determined. Tissue lipid profiles were analysed by mass spectrometry and inflammatory markers were measured in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. RESULTS Glucose intolerance developed within 3 days of the HFD and did not deteriorate further in the period to 12 weeks. Whole-body insulin resistance, measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, was detected after 1 week of HFD and was due to hepatic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue was insulin resistant after 1 week, while skeletal muscle displayed insulin resistance at 3 weeks, coinciding with a defect in glucose disposal. Interestingly, no further deterioration in insulin sensitivity was observed in any tissue after this initial defect. Diacylglycerol content was increased in liver and muscle when insulin resistance first developed, while the onset of insulin resistance in adipose tissue was associated with increases in ceramide and sphingomyelin. Adipose tissue inflammation was only detected at 16 weeks of HFD and did not correlate with the induction of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HFD-induced whole-body insulin resistance is initiated by impaired hepatic insulin action and exacerbated by skeletal muscle insulin resistance and is associated with the accumulation of specific bioactive lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turner
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gerner RR, Wieser V, Moschen AR, Tilg H. Metabolic inflammation: role of cytokines in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:867-72. [PMID: 24117253 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system and its major mediators, i.e., cytokines, are increasingly recognized as being of crucial importance in metabolic inflammation as observed in morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Morbid obesity is commonly associated with adipose tissue inflammation. Adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by an increased expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 and -6, and by a rather heterogenous cellular infiltrate including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and others. It has been demonstrated that in patients with severe obesity and fatty liver disease, expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue is 100-1000 times higher compared with that in the liver. Therefore, the adipose tissue can be considered in the state of severe obesity as the "cytokine factory" of the body. Rapid weight loss almost entirely eliminates pro-inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue, and therefore provides a very potent anti-inflammatory strategy. In conclusion, there is increasing evidence that peripheral tissues such as the adipose tissue may affect disease processes in target organs such as the liver, pancreas, heart, or blood vessels, and may therefore significantly contribute to chronic inflammation as observed in obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana R Gerner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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