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Cigliano A, Liao W, Deiana GA, Rizzo D, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Preclinical Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Utility, Limitations, and Challenges. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1624. [PMID: 39062197 PMCID: PMC11274649 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant primary liver tumor, remains one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, despite the advances in therapy in recent years. In addition to the traditional chemically and dietary-induced HCC models, a broad spectrum of novel preclinical tools have been generated following the advent of transgenic, transposon, organoid, and in silico technologies to overcome this gloomy scenario. These models have become rapidly robust preclinical instruments to unravel the molecular pathogenesis of liver cancer and establish new therapeutic approaches against this deadly disease. The present review article aims to summarize and discuss the commonly used preclinical models for HCC, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cigliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.A.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Weiting Liao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (W.L.); (X.C.)
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Giovanni A. Deiana
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.A.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Davide Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.A.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (W.L.); (X.C.)
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.A.D.); (D.R.)
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Chen X, Xiao J, Tao D, Liang Y, Chen S, Shen L, Li S, Zheng Z, Zeng Y, Luo C, Peng F, Long H. Metadherin orchestrates PKA and PKM2 to activate β-catenin signaling in podocytes during proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Transl Res 2024; 266:68-83. [PMID: 37995969 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte damage is the major cause of glomerular injury and proteinuria in multiple chronic kidney diseases. Metadherin (MTDH) is involved in podocyte apoptosis and promotes renal tubular injury in mouse models of diabetic nephropathy and renal fibrosis; however, its role in podocyte injury and proteinuria needs further exploration. Here, we show that MTDH was induced in the glomerular podocytes of patients with proteinuric chronic kidney disease and correlated with proteinuria. Podocyte-specific knockout of MTDH in mice reversed proteinuria, attenuated podocyte injury, and prevented glomerulosclerosis after advanced oxidation protein products challenge or adriamycin injury. Furthermore, specific knockout of MTDH in podocytes repressed β-catenin phosphorylation at the Ser675 site and inhibited its downstream target gene transcription. Mechanistically, on the one hand, MTDH increased cAMP and then activated protein kinase A (PKA) to induce β-catenin phosphorylation at the Ser675 site, facilitating the nuclear translocation of MTDH and β-catenin; on the other hand, MTDH induced the deaggregation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) tetramers and promoted PKM2 monomers to enter the nucleus. This cascade of events leads to the formation of the MTDH/PKM2/β-catenin/CBP/TCF4 transcription complex, thus triggering TCF4-dependent gene transcription. Inhibition of PKA activity by H-89 or blockade of PKM2 deaggregation by TEPP-46 abolished this cascade of events and disrupted transcription complex formation. These results suggest that MTDH induces podocyte injury and proteinuria by assembling the β-catenin-mediated transcription complex by regulating PKA and PKM2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danping Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gerontology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rashwan HH, Taher AM, Hassan HA, Awaji AA, Kiriacos CJ, Assal RA, Youness RA. Harnessing the supremacy of MEG3 LncRNA to defeat gastrointestinal malignancies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155223. [PMID: 38452587 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in the carcinogenesis and progression of various human malignancies including gastrointestinal malignancies. This comprehensive review reports the functions and mechanisms of the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) involved in gastrointestinal malignancies. It summarizes its roles in mediating the regulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance in several gastrointestinal cancers such as colorectal cancer, gall bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and most importantly, hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the authors briefly highlight its implicated mechanistic role and interactions with different non-coding RNAs and oncogenic signaling cascades. This review presents the rationale for developing non coding RNA-based anticancer therapy via harnessing the power of MEG3 in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Rashwan
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt; Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, 12677, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Taher
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - H A Hassan
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - A A Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - C J Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - R A Assal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R A Youness
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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Manna D, Chidambaranathan Reghupaty S, Camarena MDC, Mendoza RG, Subler MA, Koblinski JE, Martin R, Dozmorov MG, Mukhopadhyay ND, Liu J, Qu X, Das SK, Lai Z, Windle JJ, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/syndecan binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023; 78:1727-1741. [PMID: 36120720 PMCID: PMC11261751 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oncogene Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/syndecan binding protein (MDA-9/SDCBP) is overexpressed in many cancers, promoting aggressive, metastatic disease. However, the role of MDA-9 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. APPROACH AND RESULTS To unravel the function of MDA-9 in HCC, we generated and characterized a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of MDA-9 (Alb/MDA-9). Compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, Alb/MDA-9 mice demonstrated significantly higher incidence of N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced HCC, with marked activation and infiltration of macrophages. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in naive WT and Alb/MDA-9 hepatocytes identified activation of signaling pathways associated with invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation, especially NF-κB and integrin-linked kinase signaling pathways. In nonparenchymal cells purified from naive livers, single-cell RNA-seq showed activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages in Alb/MDA-9 mice versus WT mice. A robust increase in the expression of Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1/osteopontin) was observed upon overexpression of MDA-9. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway blocked MDA-9-induced Spp1 induction, and knock down of Spp1 resulted in inhibition of MDA-9-induced macrophage migration, as well as angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Alb/MDA-9 is a mouse model with MDA-9 overexpression in any tissue type. Our findings unravel an HCC-promoting role of MDA-9 mediated by NF-κB and Spp1 and support the rationale of using MDA-9 inhibitors as a potential treatment for aggressive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashri Manna
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Maria Del Carmen Camarena
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel G. Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark A. Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Koblinski
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xufeng Qu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jolene J. Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Li J, Wang X, Ren M, He S, Zhao Y. Advances in experimental animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15261-15276. [PMID: 37248746 PMCID: PMC10417182 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with insidious early symptoms, easy metastasis, postoperative recurrence, poor drug efficacy, and a high drug resistance rate when surgery is missed, leading to a low 5-year survival rate. Research on the pathogenesis and drugs is particularly important for clinical treatment. Animal models are crucial for basic research, which is conducive to studying pathogenesis and drug screening more conveniently and effectively. An appropriate animal model can better reflect disease occurrence and development, and the process of anti-tumor immune response in the human body. This review summarizes the classification, characteristics, and advances in experimental animal models of HCC to provide a reference for researchers on model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mudan Ren
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
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Jin C, Han-Hua D, Qiu-Meng L, Deng N, Peng-Chen D, Jie M, Lei X, Xue-Wu Z, Hui-Fang L, Yan C, Xiao-Ping C, Bi-Xiang Z. MTDH-stabilized DDX17 promotes tumor initiation and progression through interacting with YB1 to induce EGFR transcription in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:169-183. [PMID: 36385375 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) is a well-established oncogene in various cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism through which MTDH promotes cancer-related signaling pathways in HCC remains unknown. In this study, we identified DDX17 as a novel binding partner of MTDH. Furthermore, MTDH increased the protein level of DDX17 by inhibiting its ubiquitination. We confirmed that DDX17 was a novel oncogene, with dramatically upregulated expression in HCC tissues. The increased expression of DDX17 was closely associated with vascular invasion, TNM stage, BCLC stage, and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that DDX17, a downstream target of MTDH, played a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Mechanistically, DDX17 acted as a transcriptional regulator that interacted with Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) in the nucleus, which in turn drove the binding of YB1 to its target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene promoter to increase its transcription. This in turn increased expression of EGFR and the activation of the downstream MEK/pERK signaling pathway. Our results identify DDX17, stabilized by MTDH, as a powerful oncogene in HCC and suggest that the DDX17/YB1/EGFR axis contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han-Hua
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Qiu-Meng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Deng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Du Peng-Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Jie
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Xue-Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Hui-Fang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Yan
- General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chen Xiao-Ping
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhang Bi-Xiang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Hubei key laboratory of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Soliman NA. Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) expression: Significance in malignancy and crucial role in colorectal cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:235-280. [PMID: 35152973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) is a 582-amino acid transmembrane protein, encoded by a gene located at chromosome 8q22, and distributed throughout the cytoplasm, peri-nuclear region, nucleus, and nucleolus as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It contains several structural and interacting domains through which it interacts with transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) and lung homing domain (LHD). It is regulated by miRNAs and mediates its oncogenic function via activation of cell proliferation, survival, migration and metastasis, as well as, angiogenesis and chemoresistance via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT), NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways. In this chapter, metadherin is reviewed highlighting its role in mediating growth, metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Metadherin, as well as its variants, and antibodies are associated with CRC progression, poorer prognosis, decreased survival and advanced clinico-pathology. The potential of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC as a diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in CRC is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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8
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Liao W, Yang W, Xu J, Yan Z, Pan M, Xu X, Zhou S, Zhu Y, Lan J, Zeng M, Han X, Li S, Li Y, Liang K, Gao Y, Peng Q. Therapeutic Potential of CUDC-907 (Fimepinostat) for Hepatocarcinoma Treatment Revealed by Tumor Spheroids-Based Drug Screening. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658197. [PMID: 34776939 PMCID: PMC8585736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, most of the new anti-cancer agents screened by traditional drug screening methods fail in the clinic because of lack of efficacy. Choosing an appropriate in vitro tumor model is crucial for preclinical drug screening. In this study, we screened anti-hepatocarcinoma (HCC) drugs using a novel spheroid cell culture device. Methods: Four HCC cell lines were three-dimensionally (3D) cultured to screen 19 small molecular agents. 3D-cultured primary HCC cells and a tumor-bearing mouse model were used to verify the candidate anti-hepatocarcinoma agent. Cell function experiments and western blotting were conducted to explore the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of the candidate agent. Results: We found that CUDC-907 can serve as a potent anti-hepatocarcinoma agent. The study data show that CUDC-907 (fimepinostat), a novel dual acting inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), has potent inhibitory effects on HCC cell lines and primary HCC cells in vitro, Animal studies have shown that CUDC-907 can also suppress HCC cells in vivo. Furthermore, we found that CUDC-907 inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and downregulates the expression of c-Myc, leading to the suppression of HCC cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CUDC-907 can be a candidate anti-HCC drug, and the 3D in vitro drug screening method based on our novel spheroid culture device is promising for future drug screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanren Yang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiecheng Xu
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Yan
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxin Pan
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Accurate International Biotechnology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Lan
- Accurate International Biotechnology Co., Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zeng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangyan Liang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Peng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Sultan A, Sahar NE, Riaz SK, Qadir J, Waqar SH, Haq F, Khaliq T, Malik MFA. Metadherin (MTDH) overexpression significantly correlates with advanced tumor grade and stages among colorectal cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7999-8007. [PMID: 34741710 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths affecting both men and women worldwide. In the present study, any probable role of MTDH mRNA expression in CRC tumorigenesis was explored using both discovery and validation cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS After prior ethical and biosafety approvals, tumor tissue samples along with their adjacent controls were collected for this study from Pakistani patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent, followed by cDNA synthesis. Transcript analysis of MTDH was performed by using qPCR. Moreover, genome-wide expression of MTDH was also determined through micro-array data analysis using BRB-array tools software. MTDH expression was significantly high in tumor tissue samples (p < 0.05) compared to their respective controls. Likewise, results of microarray analysis also revealed overamplification of MTDH in tumor samples as compared to controls. Expression of MTDH was also found to be positively correlated with KI-67 index (p < 0.05) and were observed to be significantly upregulated in advance tumor grade (p < 0.05) and stage (p < 0.05). However, no association of MTDH overexpression with age and gender could be established. CONCLUSION Hence, it can be concluded that MTDH is a core element that plays a pivotal role in colorectal tumorigenesis irrespective of patient's age and gender. Molecular insight into the tumor microenvironment revealed MTDH as a niche, representing distinctive framework for cancer progression, thus, making it an innovative target strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Qadir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahzad Hussain Waqar
- Department of General Surgery, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanwir Khaliq
- Department of General Surgery, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Abstract
Liver metastasis, originating either from a primary liver or other cancer types, represent a large cancer-related burden. Therefore, studies that add to better understanding of its molecular basis are needed. Herein, the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver metastasis is outlined. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, migration, metastasis formation, and other steps of the metastatic cascade are presented. Additionally, the roles of the Wnt signaling pathway in the liver metastasis formation of colorectal, breast, gastric, lung, melanoma, pancreatic, and prostate cancer are explored. The special emphasis is given to the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the communication between the many of the components of the primary and secondary cancer microenvironment that contribute to the metastatic outgrowth in the liver. The data presented herein are a review of the most recent publications and advances in the field that add to the idea that the Wnt pathway is among the drivers of liver metastasis and that its targeting could potentially relieve liver metastasis–related complications.
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11
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Banerjee I, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1): A key driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adv Cancer Res 2021; 152:329-381. [PMID: 34353442 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An array of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), overexpress the oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). It is now firmly established that AEG-1 is a key driver of carcinogenesis, and enhanced expression of AEG-1 is a marker of poor prognosis in cancer patients. In-depth studies have revealed that AEG-1 positively regulates different hallmarks of HCC progression including growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, migration, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. By interacting with a plethora of proteins as well as mRNAs, AEG-1 regulates gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels, and modulates numerous pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive signal transduction pathways. Even though extensive research over the last two decades using various in vitro and in vivo models has established the pivotal role of AEG-1 in HCC, effective targeting of AEG-1 as a therapeutic intervention for HCC is yet to be achieved in the clinic. Targeted delivery of AEG-1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) has demonstrated desired therapeutic effects in mouse models of HCC. Peptidomimetic inhibitors based on protein-protein interaction studies has also been developed recently. Continuous unraveling of novel mechanisms in the regulation of HCC by AEG-1 will generate valuable knowledge facilitating development of specific AEG-1 inhibitory strategies. The present review describes the current status of AEG-1 in HCC gleaned from patient-focused and bench-top studies as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome and discuss future perspectives on this exciting molecule to transform it from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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12
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Manna D, Sarkar D. Multifunctional Role of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in Cancer: Focus on Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081792. [PMID: 33918653 PMCID: PMC8069505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is a major mode of treatment for cancers. However, cancer cells adapt to survive in stressful conditions and in many cases, they are inherently resistant to chemotherapy. Additionally, after initial response to chemotherapy, the surviving cancer cells acquire new alterations making them chemoresistant. Genes that help adapt the cancer cells to cope with stress often contribute to chemoresistance and one such gene is Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). AEG-1 levels are increased in all cancers studied to date and AEG-1 contributes to the development of highly aggressive, metastatic cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the mechanism by which AEG-1 augments tumor development with special focus on its ability to regulate chemoresistance. We also discuss potential ways to inhibit AEG-1 to overcome chemoresistance. Abstract Cancer development results from the acquisition of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells themselves, as well as continuous changes in their microenvironment. The plasticity of cancer cells allows them to continuously adapt to selective pressures brought forth by exogenous environmental stresses, the internal milieu of the tumor and cancer treatment itself. Resistance to treatment, either inherent or acquired after the commencement of treatment, is a major obstacle an oncologist confronts in an endeavor to efficiently manage the disease. Resistance to chemotherapy, chemoresistance, is an important hallmark of aggressive cancers, and driver oncogene-induced signaling pathways and molecular abnormalities create the platform for chemoresistance. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) is overexpressed in a diverse array of cancers, and its overexpression promotes all the hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes tumorigenesis, with a special emphasis on its ability to regulate chemoresistance.
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13
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Khan M, Sarkar D. The Scope of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) in Cancer Clinicopathology: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020308. [PMID: 33671513 PMCID: PMC7927008 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its initial cloning in 2002, a plethora of studies in a vast number of cancer indications, has strongly established AEG-1 as a bona fide oncogene. In all types of cancer cells, overexpression and knockdown studies have demonstrated that AEG-1 performs a seminal role in regulating proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, the defining cancer hallmarks, by a variety of mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions activating diverse oncogenic pathways, RNA-binding promoting translation and regulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism and tumor microenvironment. These findings have been strongly buttressed by demonstration of increased tumorigenesis in tissue-specific AEG-1 transgenic mouse models, and profound resistance of multiple types of cancer development and progression in total and conditional AEG-1 knockout mouse models. Additionally, clinicopathologic correlations of AEG-1 expression in a diverse array of cancers establishing AEG-1 as an independent biomarker for highly aggressive, chemoresistance metastatic disease with poor prognosis have provided a solid foundation to the mechanistic and mouse model studies. In this review a comprehensive analysis of the current and up-to-date literature is provided to delineate the clinical significance of AEG-1 in cancer highlighting the commonality of the findings and the discrepancies and discussing the implications of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Khan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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14
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Zhan YT, Li L, Zeng TT, Zhou NN, Guan XY, Li Y. SNRPB-mediated RNA splicing drives tumor cell proliferation and stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:537-554. [PMID: 33289700 PMCID: PMC7834993 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading malignant diseases worldwide, but therapeutic targets for HCC are lacking. Here, we characterized a significant upregulation of Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B and B1 (SNRPB) in HCC via qRT-PCR, western blotting, tissue microarray and public database analyses. Increased SNRPB expression was positively associated with adjacent organ invasion, tumor size, serum AFP level and poor HCC patient survival. Next, we transfected SNRPB into HCC cells to construct SNRPB-overexpressing cell lines, and short hairpin RNA targeting SNRPB was used to silence SNRPB in HCC cells. Functional studies showed that SNRPB overexpression could promote HCC cell malignant proliferation and stemness maintenance. Inversely, SNRPB knockdown in HCC cells caused inverse effects. Importantly, analysis of alternative splicing by RNA sequencing revealed that SNRPB promoted the formation of AKT3-204 and LDHA-220 splice variants, which activated the Akt pathway and aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells. In conclusion, SNRPB could serve as a prognostic predictor for patients with HCC, and it promotes HCC progression by inducing metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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15
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Han C, Fu Y, Zeng N, Yin J, Li Q. LncRNA FAM83H-AS1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by regulating the miR-136-5p/metadherin axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3594-3616. [PMID: 32074085 PMCID: PMC7066879 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the function and regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FAM83H-AS1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our data show that the FAM83H-AS1 levels are increased in human TNBC cells and tissues. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells are decreased by FAM83H-AS1 suppression, but increased by FAM83H-AS1 overexpression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-136-5p is a potential target of FAM83H-AS1. MiR-136-5p expression is decreased in TNBC tissues, and its overexpression suppresses TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-136-5p suppression reverses the FAM83H-AS1 silencing-mediated inhibition of TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting that FAM83H-AS1 exerts its oncogenic effect by inhibiting miR-136-5p. Our data identify metadherin (MTDH) as the target gene of miR-136-5p, and demonstrate that the MTDH expression is increased in human TNBC tissues, which induces proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Importantly, our in vivo data show that FAM83H-AS1 also promotes tumor growth in TNBC mouse xenografts. Together, our results demonstrate that FAM83H-AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA that regulates miR-136-5p and MTDH expression during TNBC progression, and suggest that targeting the FAM83H-AS1/miR-136-5p/MTDH axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Han
- Department of Breast Reconstruction, The Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Breast Reconstruction, The Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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16
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Li Y, Li Y, Zou Z, Li Y, Xie H, Yang H. Yin Yang Gong Ji pill is an ancient formula with antitumor activity against hepatoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112267. [PMID: 31586691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin Yang Gong Ji pill (YYGJ) is a formula that was used in the Ming Dynasty. This study investigated the effects of YYGJ on HepG2 and MHCC97H hepatoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of YYGJ drug-containing rat serum (YYGJ serum) on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were investigated by a tetrazolium dye-based MTS assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assayed by TUNEL and flow cytometry. E-cadherin, vimentin, c-Myc, Smad4, and MMP2 expression were assayed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assays. The effects on cell invasiveness and migration were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. The antitumor activity of 10% YYGJ serum was compared to that of blank control, 10% rat serum control and 5-fluorouracil(FU). RESULTS HepG2 and MHCC97H cell proliferation was inhibited by YYGJ serum in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cells accumulated in G0/G1 and apoptosis was increased in both cell lines by 10% YYGJ serum. The effects of apoptosis in 10% YYGJ serum were weaker than those in response to 5-FU. E-cadherin and Smad4 expression were upregulated by 10% YYGJ serum, but c-Myc, vimentin and MMP2 expression were downregulated in both hepatoma cell lines. The protein expression of Smad4 in HepG2, and mRNA expression of MMP2 and E-cadherin in both cell lines had no difference between 10% YYGJ serum and 5-FU treated groups. Cell invasion and migration were decreased by 10%YYGJ serum while cell cytotoxicity was shown in 5-FU treated group. CONCLUSIONS YYGJ drug-containing serum inhibited HepG2 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of tumor-related genes and proteins. It reduced tumor cell invasion and migration. Further study to investigate the antitumor activity of YYGJ is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengcheng Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Zhang S, Li G, Liu C, Lu S, Jing Q, Chen X, Zheng H, Ma H, Zhang D, Ren S, Shen Z, Wang Y, Lu Z, Huang D, Tan P, Chen J, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Liu Y. miR-30e-5p represses angiogenesis and metastasis by directly targeting AEG-1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:356-368. [PMID: 31778279 PMCID: PMC7004514 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a critical determinant for the treatment strategy and prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, the mechanisms underlying SCCHN metastasis are poorly understood. Our study sought to determine the key microRNA and their functional mechanisms involved in SCCHN metastasis. For The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis, quantitative PCR was used to quantify the level of miR-30e-5p in SCCHN and its clinical significance was further analyzed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were applied to determine the effects of miR-30e-5p and its target AEG-1 on SCCHN metastasis. A mechanism investigation further revealed that AEG-1 was implicated in the angiogenesis and metastasis mediated by miR-30e-5p. Overall, our study confirms that miR-30e-5p is a valuable predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in SCCHN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiting Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Shanhong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Qiancheng Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChangsha Central HospitalUniversity of South ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Xiyu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Huiling Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Diekuo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Shuling Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Zhaoyi Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Pingqing Tan
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryHunan Cancer HospitalThe Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryHunan Cancer HospitalThe Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
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18
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Jiang W, Liu P, Zhang J, Yang W. Identification of Key Candidate Genes and Pathways of Candida albicans-Infected Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Drug Screening. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 60:62-69. [PMID: 32089575 PMCID: PMC7000633 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infection by blood transmission. C. albicans enters the blood circulation and adheres to the endothelial cells of the vascular wall. However, the detailed mechanism of the effect of C. albicans on the endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study, the microarray expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to C. albicans was analyzed. The 191 up-regulated genes were enriched in TNF, T cell receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. The 71 down-regulated genes were enriched in pyruvate metabolic, purine nucleotide metabolic, purine nucleotide biosynthetic, and humoral immune response processes. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that apoptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways were enriched. Moreover, two hub genes with a high degree of connectivity, namely, MYC and IL6, were selected. Molecular screening of traditional Chinese medicine libraries was performed on the basis of the structure of MYC protein. The okanin had the highest docking score. MYC might be used as molecular targets for treatment. In addition, okanin may inhibit the infection of C. albicans. Thus, MYC can be subjected to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Ping Liu
- 2Laboratory of Microbiology of Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- 2Laboratory of Microbiology of Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192 China
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19
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Zhu HD, Liu L, Deng H, Li ZB, Sheng JQ, He XX, Tian DA, Li PY. Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) promotes anoikis resistance and metastasis by inducing autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5084-5095. [PMID: 31691973 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is strongly associated with tumor metastasis. Anoikis resistance and autophagy may play an important role in the survival of circulating tumor cells. However, the relationship among AEG-1, anoikis resistance, autophagy, and metastasis in HCC is still not clear. The results of this study indicate that AEG-1 expression is increased in HCC cell lines grown in suspension culture. AEG-1 could enhance anoikis resistance to promote the survival of detached HCC cells. Moreover, the anoikis resistance appears to be partly dependent on autophagy. Regulating AEG-1 expression changed the autophagy levels to modulate anoikis resistance, likely acting via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling axis. Finally, inhibiting autophagy by RNA interference prevented the AEG-1-promoted metastasis of HCC xenografts to the liver and lungs of nude mice. Taken together, AEG-1 is a key contributor to anoikis resistance and metastasis by inducing autophagy in vitro and in vivo, and it may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dan Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Qi Sheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De-An Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mesenchymal stem cell senescence alleviates their intrinsic and seno-suppressive paracrine properties contributing to osteoarthritis development. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9128-9146. [PMID: 31644429 PMCID: PMC6834426 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation of p16INK4a-positive senescent cells is associated with age-related disorders, such as osteoarthritis (OA). These cell-cycle arrested cells affect tissue function through a specific secretory phenotype. The links between OA onset and senescence remain poorly described. Using experimental OA protocol and transgenic Cdkn2a+/luc and Cdkn2aluc/luc mice, we found that the senescence-driving p16INK4a is a marker of the disease, expressed by the synovial tissue, but is also an actor: its somatic deletion partially protects against cartilage degeneration. We test whether by becoming senescent, the mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), found in the synovial tissue and sub-chondral bone marrow, can contribute to OA development. We established an in vitro p16INK4a-positive senescence model on human MSCs. Upon senescence induction, their intrinsic stem cell properties are altered. When co-cultured with OA chondrocytes, senescent MSC show also a seno-suppressive properties impairment favoring tissue degeneration. To evaluate in vivo the effects of p16INK4a-senescent MSC on healthy cartilage, we rely on the SAMP8 mouse model of accelerated senescence that develops spontaneous OA. MSCs isolated from these mice expressed p16INK4a. Intra-articular injection in 2-month-old C57BL/6JRj male mice of SAMP8-derived MSCs was sufficient to induce articular cartilage breakdown. Our findings reveal that senescent p16INK4a-positive MSCs contribute to joint alteration.
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Le Y, Kan A, Li QJ, He MK, Chen HL, Shi M. NAP1L1 is a prognostic biomarker and contribute to doxorubicin chemotherapy resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:228. [PMID: 31516385 PMCID: PMC6729091 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers, and its molecular basis needs to be delineated to identify biomarkers for its potential treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel gene, nucleosome assembly proteins 1-like 1 protein (NAP1L1), associated with aggressive phenotypes of HCC. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect NAP1L1 protein expression in HCC tissues. The prognostic value of NAP1L1 expression was determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. CCK-8 and apoptosis assays were used to detect the chemosensitivity in vitro. Xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in vivo. Results NAP1L1 expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues as compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. High NAP1L1 expression in HCC tissues was associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features, such as serum AFP levels, tumor size and tumor number. Patients with high NAP1L1 expression had poor overall survival in our cohort and in the extra-validation cohort analyzed by TCGA microarray dataset and was further identified as an independent prognostic factor in HCC patients treated with radical resection. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that NAP1L1 promoted HCC cell proliferation and contribute to chemotherapy resistance. Further analyses found that some certain stemness associated genes were decreased concurrently with NAP1L1 down-regulation in HCC cell lines. Conclusions Our findings support that NAP1L1 is a prognostic biomarker and may contribute to chemotherapy resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Le
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Kan
- 2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Jiong Li
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ke He
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- 2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Shi
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Zhang L, Singh A, Plaisier C, Pruett N, Ripley RT, Schrump DS, Hoang CD. Metadherin Is a Prognostic Apoptosis Modulator in Mesothelioma Induced via NF-κB-Mediated Signaling. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:859-870. [PMID: 31054476 PMCID: PMC6500914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies against malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have yielded disappointing results, in part, because pathologic mechanisms remain obscure. In searching for rational molecular targets, we identified metadherin (MTDH), a multifunctional gene associated with several tumor types but previously unrecognized in MPM. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis delineated associations between higher MTDH expression and lower patient survival from three independent MPM cohorts (n = 349 patients). Through in vitro assays with overexpression and downregulation constructs in MPM cells, we characterized the role of MTDH. We confirmed in vivo the phenotype of altered MTDH expression in a murine xenograft model. Transcriptional regulators of MTDH were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of both MTDH mRNA (12-fold increased) and protein levels was observed in tumor tissues. MTDH stable overexpression significantly augmented proliferation, invasiveness, colony formation, chemoresistance, and an antiapoptosis phenotype, while its suppression showed opposite effects in MPM cells. Interestingly, NF-κB and c-Myc (in a feed-forward loop motif) contributed to modulating MTDH expression. Knockdown of MTDH expression profoundly retarded xenograft tumor growth. Thus, our findings support the notion that MTDH integrates upstream signals from certain transcription factors and mediates pathogenic interactions contributing to MPM traits. MTDH represents a new MPM-associated gene that can contribute to insights of MPM biology and, as such, suggest other treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand Singh
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Plaisier
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nathanael Pruett
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- Dept. of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Robertson CL, Mendoza RG, Jariwala N, Dozmorov M, Mukhopadhyay ND, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Lai Z, Fisher PB, Ghosh S, Sarkar D. Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 Regulates Macrophage Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6436-6446. [PMID: 30181179 PMCID: PMC6239947 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known hallmark of cancer and is central to the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory process leading to HCC. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) regulates NFκB activation, and germline knockout of AEG-1 in mice (AEG-1-/-) results in resistance to inflammation and experimental HCC. In this study, we developed conditional hepatocyte- and myeloid cell-specific AEG-1-/- mice (AEG-1ΔHEP and AEG-1ΔMAC, respectively) and induced HCC by treatment with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB). AEG-1ΔHEP mice exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity compared with control littermates, while AEG-1ΔMAC mice were profoundly resistant. In vitro, AEG-1-/- hepatocytes exhibited increased sensitivity to stress and senescence. Notably, AEG-1-/- macrophages were resistant to either M1 or M2 differentiation with significant inhibition in migration, endothelial adhesion, and efferocytosis activity, indicating that AEG-1 ablation renders macrophages functionally anergic. These results unravel a central role of AEG-1 in regulating macrophage activation and indicate that AEG-1 is required in both tumor cells and tumor microenvironment to stimulate hepatocarcinogenesis.Significance: These findings distinguish a novel role of macrophage-derived oncogene AEG-1 from hepatocellular AEG-1 in promoting inflammation and driving tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6436-46. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rachel G Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai D Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Ji F, Zhang ZH, Zhang Y, Shen SL, Cao QH, Zhang LJ, Li SQ, Peng BG, Liang LJ, Hua YP. Low expression of c-Myc protein predicts poor outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:460. [PMID: 29690860 PMCID: PMC5926532 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Embryonic Liver Fodrin (ELF) is an adaptor protein of transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling cascade. Disruption of ELF results in mislocalization of Smad3 and Smad4, leading to compromised TGF-β signaling. c-Myc is an important oncogenic transcription factor, and the disruption of TGF-β signaling promotes c-Myc-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis. However, the prognostic significance of c-Myc in HCC is less understood Methods The expression of c-Myc protein and mRNA were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT- PCR, respectively. IHC was performed to detect TGF-β1 and ELF expression in HCC tissues. Their relationship with clinicopathological factors and overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were examined. Results The expression of c-Myc protein and mRNA in HCC tissues were significantly higher in HCC area than those in normal liver tissues. However, the expression were low compared with those adjacent to HCC area. c-Myc protein was independently predictive of DFS and OS, and it was negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.031), tumor number (P = 0.038), and recurrence (P = 0.001). Low c-Myc expression was associated with short-term recurrence and poor prognosis. The predictive value of c-Myc combined with TGF-β1 or/and ELF was higher than that of any other single marker. Low c-Myc, high TGF-β1 or/and low ELF expression was associated with the worst DFS and OS. Conclusions Low expression of c-Myc protein predicts poor outcomes in patients with HCC with hepatectomy. The combination of the expression of c-Myc, TGF-β1, and ELF can be used to accurately predict outcomes of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ji
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Li Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Cao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Gang Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jian Liang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Hua
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Dual-strand tumor-suppressor microRNA-145 (miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p) coordinately targeted MTDH in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72084-72098. [PMID: 27765924 PMCID: PMC5342147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with lung adenocarcinoma may benefit from recently developed molecular targeted therapies. However, analogous advanced treatments are not available for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (lung SCC). The survival rate of patients with the advanced stage of lung SCC remains poor. Exploration of novel lung SCC oncogenic pathways might lead to new treatment protocols for the disease. Based on this concept, we have identified microRNA- (miRNA) mediated oncogenic pathways in lung SCC. It is well known that miR-145-5p (the guide strand) functions as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, the impact of miR-145-3p (the passenger strand) on cancer cells is still ambiguous. Expression levels of miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p were markedly reduced in cancer tissues, and ectopic expression of these miRNAs inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness, suggesting that both miR-145-3p as well as miR-145-5p acted as antitumor miRNAs. We identified seven putative target genes (MTDH, EPN3, TPD52, CYP27B1, LMAN1, STAT1 and TXNDC12) that were coordinately regulated by miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p in lung SCC. Among the seven genes, we found that metadherin (MTDH) was a direct target of these miRNAs. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that high expression of MTDH predicted reduced survival of lung SCC patients. We investigated pathways downstream from MTDH by using genome-wide gene expression analysis. Our data showed that several anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation genes were involved in pathways downstream from MTDH in lung SCC. Taken together, both strands of miR-145, miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p are functional and play pivotal roles as antitumor miRNAs in lung SCC.
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26
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Yang L, He K, Yan S, Yang Y, Gao X, Zhang M, Xia Z, Huang Z, Huang S, Zhang N. Metadherin/Astrocyte elevated gene-1 positively regulates the stability and function of forkhead box M1 during tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:352-363. [PMID: 27923917 PMCID: PMC5464332 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is overexpressed and activates numerous oncoproteins in tumors. However, the mechanism by which the FOXM1 protein aberrantly accumulates in human cancer remains uncertain. This study was designed to clarify the upstream signaling pathway(s) that regulate FOXM1 protein stability and transcriptional activity. Methods Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the FOXM-metadherin (MTDH) interaction. In vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays were conducted to test the effect of MTDH on FOXM1 stability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine the involvement of MTDH in FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Cell invasion assays, tube formation assays, and in vivo tumor formation assays were performed to evaluate the cooperative activities of FOXM1 and MTDH during tumorigenesis. Results MTDH directly interacts with FOXM1 via the N-terminal inhibitory domain of MTDH, and this interaction disrupted the binding of cadherin-1 to FOXM1, thus protecting FOXM1 from subsequent proteasomal degradation. Deleting the MTDH-binding sites of FOXM1 abolished the MTDH overexpression-mediated stabilization of FOXM1. MTDH also bound to FOXM1 target gene promoters and enhanced FOXM1 transcriptional activity. MTDH knockdown destabilized FOXM1 and attenuated its transcriptional activity, consequently inhibiting cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo; these effects were abolished via forced overexpression of a stabilized mutant form of FOXM1. Thus, MTDH stabilized FOXM1 and supported the sustained activation of FOXM1 target genes. Conclusion These findings highlight a novel MTDH-regulated mechanism of FOXM1 stabilization and provide profound insight into the tumorigenic events simultaneously mediated by FOXM1 and MTDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kejun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yibing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinya Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhibo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengsong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Jariwala N, Rajasekaran D, Mendoza RG, Shen XN, Siddiq A, Akiel MA, Robertson CL, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Fisher PB, Sanyal AJ, Sarkar D. Oncogenic Role of SND1 in Development and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3306-3316. [PMID: 28428278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SND1, a subunit of the miRNA regulatory complex RISC, has been implicated as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we show that hepatocyte-specific SND1 transgenic mice (Alb/SND1 mice) develop spontaneous HCC with partial penetrance and exhibit more highly aggressive HCC induced by chemical carcinogenesis. Livers from Alb/SND1 mice exhibited a relative increase in inflammatory markers and spheroid-generating tumor-initiating cells (TIC). Mechanistic investigations defined roles for Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in promoting TIC formation in Alb/SND1 mice. In human xenograft models of subcutaneous or orthotopic HCC, administration of the selective SND1 inhibitor 3', 5'-deoxythymidine bisphosphate (pdTp), inhibited tumor formation without effects on body weight or liver function. Our work establishes an oncogenic role for SND1 in promoting TIC formation and highlights pdTp as a highly selective SND1 inhibitor as a candidate therapeutic lead to treat advanced HCC. Cancer Res; 77(12); 3306-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rachel G Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 Interacts with Acetyltransferase p300 and c-Jun To Promote Tumor Aggressiveness. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00456-16. [PMID: 27956703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00456-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) is an oncoprotein that strongly promotes the development and progression of cancers. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms through which AEG-1 enhances tumor development and progression remain to be determined. In this study, we identified c-Jun and p300 to be novel interacting partners of AEG-1 in gliomas. AEG-1 promoted c-Jun transcriptional activity by interacting with the c-Jun/p300 complex and inducing c-Jun acetylation. Furthermore, the AEG-1/c-Jun/p300 complex was found to bind the promoter of c-Jun downstream targeted genes, consequently establishing an acetylated chromatin state that favors transcriptional activation. Importantly, AEG-1/p300-mediated c-Jun acetylation resulted in the development of a more aggressive malignant phenotype in gliomas through a drastic increase in glioma cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo Consistently, the AEG-1 expression levels in clinical glioma specimens correlated with the status of c-Jun activation. Taken together, our results suggest that AEG-1 mediates a novel epigenetic mechanism that enhances c-Jun transcriptional activity to induce glioma progression and that AEG-1 might be a novel, potential target for the treatment of gliomas.
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CLIP-GENE: a web service of the condition specific context-laid integrative analysis for gene prioritization in mouse TF knockout experiments. Biol Direct 2016; 11:57. [PMID: 27776539 PMCID: PMC5078909 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Transcriptome data from the gene knockout experiment in mouse is widely used to investigate functions of genes and relationship to phenotypes. When a gene is knocked out, it is important to identify which genes are affected by the knockout gene. Existing methods, including differentially expressed gene (DEG) methods, can be used for the analysis. However, existing methods require cutoff values to select candidate genes, which can produce either too many false positives or false negatives. This hurdle can be addressed either by improving the accuracy of gene selection or by providing a method to rank candidate genes effectively, or both. Prioritization of candidate genes should consider the goals or context of the knockout experiment. As of now, there are no tools designed for both selecting and prioritizing genes from the mouse knockout data. Hence, the necessity of a new tool arises. RESULTS In this study, we present CLIP-GENE, a web service that selects gene markers by utilizing differentially expressed genes, mouse transcription factor (TF) network, and single nucleotide variant information. Then, protein-protein interaction network and literature information are utilized to find genes that are relevant to the phenotypic differences. One of the novel features is to allow researchers to specify their contexts or hypotheses in a set of keywords to rank genes according to the contexts that the user specify. We believe that CLIP-GENE will be useful in characterizing functions of TFs in mouse experiments. AVAILABILITY http://epigenomics.snu.ac.kr/CLIP-GENE REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Dr. Lee and Dr. Pongor.
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30
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Emdad L, Das SK, Hu B, Kegelman T, Kang DC, Lee SG, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC: A Promiscuous Protein Partner Critical in Cancer, Obesity, and CNS Diseases. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:97-132. [PMID: 27451125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its original discovery in 2002, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a primary regulator of several diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a key contributory molecule in almost every aspect of cancer progression, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, increased cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Additionally, recent studies highlight a seminal role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. By interacting with multiple protein partners, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. This review discusses the current state of understanding of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC regulation and function in cancer and other diseases with a focus on its association/interaction with several pivotal protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - S K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - B Hu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - T Kegelman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - D-C Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - P B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Wang Z, Tang ZY, Yin Z, Wei YB, Liu LF, Yan B, Zhou KQ, Nian YQ, Gao YL, Yang JR. Metadherin regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2429-36. [PMID: 27143938 PMCID: PMC4844438 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) was first identified in primary human fetal astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 in 2002 and then recognized as an important oncogene mediating tumorigenesis, progression, invasiveness, and metastasis of carcinomas. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital process in embryonic development, organ repair, and cancer progression. MTDH and EMT have also been proved to be related to the prognosis of patients with cancers. Recent studies reveal a relationship between MTDH overexpression and EMT in some malignancies. This review highlights the overexpression of MTDH and EMT in cancers and their correlations in clinical studies. Positive correlations have been established between MTDH and mesenchymal biomarkers, and negative correlations between MTDH and epithelial biomarkers have also been established. Furthermore, experiments reveal EMT regulated by MTDH, and some signal pathways have been established. Some anticancer drugs targeting MTDH and EMT are introduced in this review. Some perspectives concerning EMT regulation by MTDH are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yan Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, The Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Qi Nian
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Liang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Vartak-Sharma N, Nooka S, Ghorpade A. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:133-157. [PMID: 27090750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent attempts to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-induced gene expression changes in astrocytes uncovered a multifunctional oncogene, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Our previous studies revealed that AEG-1 regulates reactive astrocytes proliferation, migration and inflammation, hallmarks of aging and CNS injury. Moreover, the involvement of AEG-1 in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease and migraine, and its induction in the aged brain suggest a plausible role in regulating overall CNS homeostasis and aging. Therefore, it is important to investigate AEG-1 specifically in aging-associated cognitive decline. In this study, we decipher the common mechanistic links in cancer, aging and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders that likely contribute to AEG-1-based regulation of astrocyte responses and function. Despite AEG-1 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and its induction by HIV-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, the specific role(s) of AEG-1 in astrocyte-driven HIV-1 neuropathogenesis are incompletely defined. We propose that AEG-1 plays a central role in a multitude of cellular stress responses involving mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleolus. It is thus important to further investigate AEG-1-based cellular and molecular regulation in order to successfully develop better therapeutic approaches that target AEG-1 to combat cancer, HIV-1 and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vartak-Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shruthi Nooka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
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Reiberger T, Chen Y, Ramjiawan RR, Hato T, Fan C, Samuel R, Roberge S, Huang P, Lauwers GY, Zhu AX, Bardeesy N, Jain RK, Duda DG. An orthotopic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying liver cirrhosis. Nat Protoc 2015. [PMID: 26203823 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous xenografts have been used for decades to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These models do not reproduce the specific pathophysiological features of HCCs, which occur in cirrhotic livers that show pronounced necroinflammation, abnormal angiogenesis and extensive fibrosis. As these features are crucial for studying the role of the pathologic host microenvironment in tumor initiation, progression and treatment response, alternative HCC models are desirable. Here we describe a syngeneic orthotopic HCC model in immunocompetent mice with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) that recapitulates key features of human HCC. Induction of substantial hepatic fibrosis requires 12 weeks of CCl4 administration. Intrahepatic implantation of mouse HCC cell lines requires 30 min per mouse. Tumor growth varies by tumor cell line and mouse strain used. Alternatively, tumors can be induced in a genetically engineered mouse model. In this setting, CCl4 is administered for 12 weeks after tail-vein injection of Cre-expressing adenovirus (adeno-Cre) in Stk4(-/-)Stk3(F/-) (also known as Mst1(-/-)Mst2(F/-); F indicates a floxed allele) mice, and it results in the development of HCC tumors (hepatocarcinogenesis) concomitantly with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reiberger
- 1] Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yunching Chen
- 1] Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Rakesh R Ramjiawan
- 1] Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tai Hato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Fan
- 1] Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rekha Samuel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan G Duda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Robertson CL, Srivastava J, Rajasekaran D, Gredler R, Akiel MA, Jariwala N, Siddiq A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. The role of AEG-1 in the development of liver cancer. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:303-312. [PMID: 26798451 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AEG-1 is an oncogene that is overexpressed in all cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. AEG-1 plays a seminal role in promoting cancer development and progression by augmenting proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, all hallmarks of aggressive cancer. AEG-1 mediates its oncogenic function predominantly by interacting with various protein complexes. AEG-1 acts as a scaffold protein, activating multiple protumorigenic signal transduction pathways, such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin while regulating gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. Our recent studies document that AEG-1 is fundamentally required for activation of inflammation. A comprehensive and convincing body of data currently points to AEG-1 as an essential component critical to the onset and progression of cancer. The present review describes the current knowledge gleaned from patient and experimental studies as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models, on the impact of AEG-1 on hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
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Rajasekaran D, Srivastava J, Ebeid K, Gredler R, Akiel M, Jariwala N, Robertson CL, Shen XN, Siddiq A, Fisher PB, Salem AK, Sarkar D. Combination of Nanoparticle-Delivered siRNA for Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) and All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA): An Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1651-61. [PMID: 26079152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer with no effective therapy. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) plays a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis and inhibits retinoic acid-induced gene expression and cell death. The combination of a lentivirus expressing AEG-1 shRNA and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) profoundly and synergistically inhibited subcutaneous human HCC xenografts in nude mice. We have now developed liver-targeted nanoplexes by conjugating poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactobionic acid (Gal) (PAMAM-PEG-Gal) which were complexed with AEG-1 siRNA (PAMAM-AEG-1si). The polymer conjugate was characterized by (1)H-NMR, MALDI, and mass spectrometry; and optimal nanoplex formulations were characterized for surface charge, size, and morphology. Orthotopic xenografts of human HCC cell QGY-7703 expressing luciferase (QGY-luc) were established in the livers of athymic nude mice and tumor development was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Tumor-bearing mice were treated with PAMAM-siCon, PAMAM-siCon+ATRA, PAMAM-AEG-1si, and PAMAM-AEG-1si+ATRA. In the control group the tumor developed aggressively. ATRA showed little effect due to high AEG-1 levels in QGY-luc cells. PAMAM-AEG-1si showed significant reduction in tumor growth, and the combination of PAMAM-AEG-1si+ATRA showed profound and synergistic inhibition so that the tumors were almost undetectable by BLI. A marked decrease in AEG-1 level was observed in tumor samples treated with PAMAM-AEG-1si. The group treated with PAMAM-AEG-1si+ATRA nanoplexes showed increased necrosis, inhibition of proliferation, and increased apoptosis when compared to other groups. Liver is an ideal organ for RNAi therapy and ATRA is an approved anticancer agent. Our exciting observations suggest that the combinatorial approach might be an effective way to combat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraja Rajasekaran
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kareem Ebeid
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Rachel Gredler
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Maaged Akiel
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- †Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, §Massey Cancer Center; and ∥VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.,‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Chen HI, Liu Y, Zou Y, Lai Z, Sarkar D, Huang Y, Chen Y. Differential expression analysis of RNA sequencing data by incorporating non-exonic mapped reads. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 7:S14. [PMID: 26099631 PMCID: PMC4474535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s7-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful tool for genome-wide expression profiling of biological samples with the advantage of high-throughput and high resolution. There are many existing algorithms nowadays for quantifying expression levels and detecting differential gene expression, but none of them takes the misaligned reads that are mapped to non-exonic regions into account. We developed a novel algorithm, XBSeq, where a statistical model was established based on the assumption that observed signals are the convolution of true expression signals and sequencing noises. The mapped reads in non-exonic regions are considered as sequencing noises, which follows a Poisson distribution. Given measureable observed and noise signals from RNA-seq data, true expression signals, assuming governed by the negative binomial distribution, can be delineated and thus the accurate detection of differential expressed genes. Results We implemented our novel XBSeq algorithm and evaluated it by using a set of simulated expression datasets under different conditions, using a combination of negative binomial and Poisson distributions with parameters derived from real RNA-seq data. We compared the performance of our method with other commonly used differential expression analysis algorithms. We also evaluated the changes in true and false positive rates with variations in biological replicates, differential fold changes, and expression levels in non-exonic regions. We also tested the algorithm on a set of real RNA-seq data where the common and different detection results from different algorithms were reported. Conclusions In this paper, we proposed a novel XBSeq, a differential expression analysis algorithm for RNA-seq data that takes non-exonic mapped reads into consideration. When background noise is at baseline level, the performance of XBSeq and DESeq are mostly equivalent. However, our method surpasses DESeq and other algorithms with the increase of non-exonic mapped reads. Only in very low read count condition XBSeq had a slightly higher false discovery rate, which may be improved by adjusting the background noise effect in this situation. Taken together, by considering non-exonic mapped reads, XBSeq can provide accurate expression measurement and thus detect differential expressed genes even in noisy conditions.
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ZHU HAIDAN, LIAO JIAZHI, HE XINGXING, LI PEIYUAN. The emerging role of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:539-46. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Srivastava J, Robertson CL, Gredler R, Siddiq A, Rajasekaran D, Akiel MA, Emdad L, Mas V, Mukhopadhyay ND, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) Contributes to Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15549-15558. [PMID: 25944909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.649707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), characterized by low serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) with normal l-thyroxine (T4) levels, is associated with malignancy. Decreased activity of type I 5'-deiodinase (DIO1), which converts T4 to T3, contributes to NTIS. T3 binds to thyroid hormone receptor, which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and regulates transcription of target genes, such as DIO1. NF-κB activation by inflammatory cytokines inhibits DIO1 expression. The oncogene astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) inhibits RXR-dependent transcription and activates NF-κB. Here, we interrogated the role of AEG-1 in NTIS in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). T3-mediated gene regulation was analyzed in human HCC cells, with overexpression or knockdown of AEG-1, and primary hepatocytes from AEG-1 transgenic (Alb/AEG-1) and AEG-1 knock-out (AEG-1KO) mice. Serum T3 and T4 levels were checked in Alb/AEG-1 mice and human HCC patients. AEG-1 and DIO1 levels in human HCC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. AEG-1 inhibited T3-mediated gene regulation in human HCC cells and mouse hepatocytes. AEG-1 overexpression repressed and AEG-1 knockdown induced DIO1 expression. An inverse correlation was observed between AEG-1 and DIO1 levels in human HCC patients. Low T3 with normal T4 was observed in the sera of HCC patients and Alb/AEG-1 mice. Inhibition of co-activator recruitment to RXR and activation of NF-κB were identified to play a role in AEG-1-mediated down-regulation of DIO1. AEG-1 thus might play a role in NTIS associated with HCC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Srivastava
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Luni Emdad
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Valeria Mas
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0625
| | | | - Paul B Fisher
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.
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Powers S. Cooperation between MYC and companion 8q genes in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2015; 61:757-8. [PMID: 25418077 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Powers
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
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