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Li K, Zhang J, Lyu H, Yang J, Wei W, Wang Y, Luo H, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Yi H, Wang M, Zhang C, Wu K, Xiao L, Wen W, Xu H, Li G, Wan Y, Yang F, Yang R, Fu X, Qin B, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Lee M. CSN6-SPOP-HMGCS1 Axis Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via YAP1 Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306827. [PMID: 38308184 PMCID: PMC11005689 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism has important roles in maintaining membrane integrity and countering the development of diseases such as obesity and cancers. Cancer cells sustain cholesterol biogenesis for their proliferation and microenvironment reprograming even when sterols are abundant. However, efficacy of targeting cholesterol metabolism for cancer treatment is always compromised. Here it is shown that CSN6 is elevated in HCC and is a positive regulator of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) of mevalonate (MVA) pathway to promote tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, CSN6 antagonizes speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) ubiquitin ligase to stabilize HMGCS1, which in turn activates YAP1 to promote tumor growth. In orthotopic liver cancer models, targeting CSN6 and HMGCS1 hinders tumor growth in both normal and high fat diet. Significantly, HMGCS1 depletion improves YAP inhibitor efficacy in patient derived xenograft models. The results identify a CSN6-HMGCS1-YAP1 axis mediating tumor outgrowth in HCC and propose a therapeutic strategy of targeting non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases- associated HCC.
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Okrit F, Chayanupatkul M, Wanpiyarat N, Siriviriyakul P, Werawatganon D. Genistein and sex hormone treatment alleviated hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in orchidectomized rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26055. [PMID: 38380011 PMCID: PMC10877361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency has been reported to accelerate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are minimal data on the risk of NAFLD in transgender women and the treatment of NAFLD in this population. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effects and the mechanisms of action of genistein and sex hormones in orchiectomized (ORX) rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high fat high fructose diet (HFHF). Seven-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 each group); 1) control group, 2) ORX + standard diet group, 3) HFHF group, 4) ORX + HFHF group, 5) ORX + HFHF diet + testosterone group (50 mg/kg body weight (BW) once weekly), 6) ORX + HFHF diet + estradiol group (1.6 mg/kg BW daily), and 7) ORX + HFHF diet + genistein group (16 mg/kg BW daily). The duration of treatment was 6 weeks. Liver tissue was used for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining and hepatic fat measurement by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression levels of histone deacetylase3 (HDAC3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Rats in the ORX + HFHF group had the highest degree of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and the highest percentage of positive Oil Red O staining area among all groups. The expression of HDAC3 and PPARδ was downregulated, while NF-ĸB expression was upregulated in the ORX + HFHF group when compared with control and ORX + standard diet groups. Testosterone, estradiol and genistein treatment improved histological features of NASH together with the reversal of HDAC3, PPARδ and NF-ĸB protein expression comparing with the ORX + HFHF group. In summary, genistein and sex hormone treatment could alleviate NASH through the up-regulation of HDAC3 and PPARδ, and the suppression of NF-ĸB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatist Okrit
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natcha Wanpiyarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lonardo A, Ballestri S, Mantovani A, Targher G, Bril F. Endpoints in NASH Clinical Trials: Are We Blind in One Eye? Metabolites 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38248843 PMCID: PMC10820221 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to illustrate the notion that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a systemic metabolic disorder featuring both adverse hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. In recent years, several NASH trials have failed to identify effective pharmacological treatments and, therefore, lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of therapy for NASH. with this context, we analyze the epidemiological burden of NASH and the possible pathogenetic factors involved. These include genetic factors, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, immuno-thrombosis, oxidative stress, reprogramming of hepatic metabolism, and hypoxia, all of which eventually culminate in low-grade chronic inflammation and increased risk of fibrosis progression. The possible explanations underlying the failure of NASH trials are also accurately examined. We conclude that the high heterogeneity of NASH, resulting from variable genetic backgrounds, exposure, and responses to different metabolic stresses, susceptibility to hepatocyte lipotoxicity, and differences in repair-response, calls for personalized medicine approaches involving research on noninvasive biomarkers. Future NASH trials should aim at achieving a complete assessment of systemic determinants, modifiers, and correlates of NASH, thus adopting a more holistic and unbiased approach, notably including cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes, without restricting therapeutic perspectives to histological surrogates of liver-related outcomes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- AOU—Modena—Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore—Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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Lee NH, Jeong SJ, Wang JH, Choi YJ, Oh HM, Cho JH, Ahn YC, Son CG. The Clinical Diagnosis-Based Nationwide Epidemiology of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease in Korea. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7634. [PMID: 38137703 PMCID: PMC10744038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most epidemiological studies have been conducted using a relatively small population or subjects who had medical screenings, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of MASLD (formerly NAFLD) in Korea using nationwide registry data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). METHODS Using nationwide medical records provided by HIRA, we analyzed the entire dataset of patients with MASL (KCD10-K76.0) and MASH (KCD10-K75.8) from 2010 to 2021 and calculated the incidence and prevalence by year, age, and gender. The prevalence and incidence rates were calculated by analyzing the HIRA data covering almost the entire population of Korea for 12 years, from 2010 to 2021, with an average population of 50,856,244 during this period. Statistical analyses included calculating confidence intervals using Ulm's formula and conducting sex- and age-specific analyses with a Cochran-Armitage test for trends. RESULTS The annual incidence of MASL/MASH increased significantly from 9.71/0.37 in 2010 to 13.95/5.52 per 1000 persons in 2021 (p < 0.01). The annual prevalence of MASL increased from 15.69 in 2010 to 34.23 per 1000 persons in 2021, while the annual prevalence of MASH increased from 0.49 to 9.79 per 1000 persons between 2010 and 2021 (p < 0.01). Regarding the sex-dimorphic feature of MASLD, there was a male predominance in those < 50 years old but a female predominance in those ≥ 50 years old for the incidence and prevalence of MASL and the incidence of MASH. CONCLUSION The incidence of MASL increased by 3% to 4% every year, while the incidence of MASH increased 14.91-fold from 2010 to 2021. The increasing trend is noteworthy compared with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hun Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Cheonan Korean Medical Hospital, Daejeon University, 4 Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31099, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seok-Ju Jeong
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Dunsanbuk-ro 121, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35236, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Hyeon-Muk Oh
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 35620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
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Roberts R, Williams DM, Min T, Barry J, Stephens JW. Benefits in routinely measured liver function tests following bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1763-1768. [PMID: 37975098 PMCID: PMC10638127 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is well-established to support long-term metabolic health benefits associated with considerable weight loss. Here, we aim to determine the longer-term impact of bariatric surgery on liver enzymes and associations with other metabolic improvements. Methods One hundred patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2007 and 2014 were included, and changes in liver enzymes, anthropometric measures and other parameters were observed over a mean 9.8 years. Results At the time of surgery, the mean age was 45.4 ± 9.6 years, weight 141.2 ± 31.6 kg, and body mass index (BMI) 50.2 ± 10.1 kg/m2. Most patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy [n = 71] with a mean follow-up duration 9.8 ± 2.3 years. From baseline, alanine transaminase (ALT) reduced by 41.3% within 12 months post-operatively (36.6 ± 29.2 U/L to 21.5 ± 14.9 U/L, p < 0.001), which was sustained at recent follow-up (20.2 ± 10.7 U/L, p < 0.001). There were associated reductions in body weight, BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure and triglycerides. Patients with greater baseline ALT had the greatest reduction in ALT over follow-up. Conclusions Bariatric surgery is associated with rapid and sustained improvements in routine liver enzymes at 10 years, and sustained improvements in features of the metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01311-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Roberts
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL UK
| | - David M Williams
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL UK
- Diabetes Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Thinzar Min
- Diabetes Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Diabetes Centre, Neath Port Talbot Hospital, Baglan Way, Port Talbot, SA12 7BX UK
| | - Jonathan Barry
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic & Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay UHB, Swansea, SA6 6NL UK
| | - Jeffrey W Stephens
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Li W, Zhuang T, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu L, Luo Y, Wang R, Li L, Huang W, Wang Z, Yang L, Ding L. Red ginseng extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by activating the intestinal TGR5-mediated bile acids signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154982. [PMID: 37531904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a worldwide metabolic disease, given its rapid growth in global prevalence. Red ginseng extracts (RGS), one of the traditional processed products of ginseng, show the potential to improve the metabolic phenotype of obesity. However, the RGS mechanism for regulating obesity and late insulin resistance remains to be clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to emphasize the potential use of RGS in treatment of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and explore the underlying mechanism affecting glucose and lipid metabolism improvements. METHODS The role of RGS was evaluated in a high-fat diet (HFD) rodent model. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed to characterize the glucose metabolism level. The expression of lipolysis proteins and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were investigated by western blot. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) protein expression in the intestine were determined via immunofluorescence. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were used to detect the alterations in bile acids (BAs) levels in serum, ileum, and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In addition, intestine-specific Tgr5 knockout mice were employed to verify the efficacy of RGS in improving obesity. RESULTS RGS treatment alleviated dietary-induced dyslipidemia and IR in obese mice in a dose-dependent manner and improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and energy expenditure. RGS treatment significantly reduced lipid deposition and induced GLP-1 secretion in the intestine of wild-type mice but not in Tgr5ΔIN obese mice. Furthermore, RGS intervention increased BA levels in serum, ileum, and iWAT. The increase of circulating BAs in mice was related to the activation of ileal TGR5 and the promotion of ASBT translocation to the plasma membrane, thus affecting BA transport. Next, the increased level of circulating BAs entered the periphery, which might facilitate lipolysis and energy consumption by activating TGR5 in iWAT. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that RGS significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. RGS intervention improved glucose metabolism, promoted lipolysis, and energy metabolism by activating TGR5 in the intestine. In addition, we found that activating intestinal TGR5 facilitated the localization of ASBT to the plasma membrane, which ultimately promoted the transport of BAs to regulate metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunjiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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El-Serag HB, Akhdar G, Thrift AP, Luster M, Khaderi S, Alsarraj A, Duong H, Kanwal F. Bioimpedance analysis predicts the etiology of cirrhosis in a prospective cohort study. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0253. [PMID: 37695087 PMCID: PMC10497244 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis. However, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) may not be indicative of body composition parameters that predispose to cirrhosis. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive cost-efficient method for more detailed estimation of body composition. METHODS We examined patients with cirrhosis who underwent BIA as part of enrollment into a prospective cohort study. We examined the correlation between BIA variables, BMI, and WHR. We performed sex-adjusted and race-adjusted and race-specific multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between anthropometric variables and risk factors [NAFLD, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and HCV]. RESULTS We analyzed data from 348 cirrhosis patients; 23.3% were women; 48.3% were non-Hispanic White; 19.3% were Hispanic; and 30.7% were African American. The cirrhosis etiology was 21.8% NAFLD, 56.9% HCV mostly cured, and 11.5% ALD. Several BIA variables correlated well with BMI, and others showed modest correlations, but none correlated well with WHR. Higher body fat mass and basal metabolic rate were positively associated, while higher lean body mass, dry lean mass, total body water, or skeletal muscle mass were negatively associated with NAFLD. Associations between these BIA parameters and ALD-related cirrhosis were in the opposite direction. These associations of BIA variables were seen only in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients but not non-Hispanic Blacks. BIA variables were more predictive of cirrhosis etiology than BMI or WHR. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with cirrhosis, several BIA-derived measurements indicative of body fat and muscle are associated with NAFLD and ALD etiology. BIA variables show stronger associations, as well as race/ethnicity-specific associations, with cirrhosis etiology than those of BMI or WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem B. El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Luster
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saira Khaderi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abeer Alsarraj
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Duong
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Noncoding RNAs as regulators of STAT3 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers: Roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1263-1321. [PMID: 36951271 DOI: 10.1002/med.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes the transcription of genes associated with proliferation, antiapoptosis, survival, and metastasis. STAT3 is overactivated in many human malignancies including GI tumors which accelerates tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research in recent years demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a major role in the regulation of many signaling pathways including the STAT3 pathway. The major types of endogenous ncRNAs that are being extensively studied in oncology are microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs can either be tumor-promoters or tumor-suppressors and each one of them imparts their activity via different mechanisms. The STAT3 pathway is also tightly modulated by ncRNAs. In this article, we have elaborated on the tumor-promoting role of STAT3 signaling in GI tumors. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the oncogenic as well as tumor suppressor functions and mechanism of action of ncRNAs that are known to modulate STAT3 signaling in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Che H, Wang Y, Lao J, Deng Y, Xu C, Yin H, Tang Z, Huang Y, Xu H. Role of purinergic signalling in obesity-associated end-organ damage: focus on the effects of natural plant extracts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181948. [PMID: 37476493 PMCID: PMC10354445 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the major public health problems in both the developing and developed countries. Recent studies have suggested that the purinergic signalling is involved in obesity-associated end-organ damage through purine P1 and P2 receptors. In the search for new components for the treatments of obesity, we and other researchers have found much evidence that natural plant extracts may be promising novel therapeutic approaches by modulating purinergic signalling. In this review, we summarize a critical role of purinergic signalling in modulating obesity-associated end-organ damage, such as overhigh appetite, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic steatosis and renal inflammation. Moreover, we focus on the potential roles of several natural plant extracts, including quercetin, resveratrol/trans-resveratrol, caffeine, evodiamine and puerarin, in alleviating obesity-associated end-organ damage via purinergic signalling. We hope that the current knowledge of the potential roles of natural plant extracts in regulating purinergic signalling would provide new ideas for the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiu Che
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinhui Lao
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yixin Deng
- Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chirui Xu
- Huankui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- Huankui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- The Second Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Tajirika S, Miwa T, Francisque C, Hanai T, Imamura N, Adachi M, Horita R, Menezes LJ, Shimizu M, Yamamoto M. Usefulness of health checkup for screening metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease in Japanese male young adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7987. [PMID: 37202437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) prevalence in young male adults and the role of health checkups in disease screening. We recruited 313 male graduate students at Gifu University in April 2022. With hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasonography, MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were diagnosed based on health checkup data, and ALD was diagnosed with alcohol consumption > 30 g/day. The ability of each variable to identify MAFLD, NAFLD, and ALD was assessed using logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. Participants' mean age was 23 (± 4) years, and MAFLD, NAFLD, and ALD prevalence was 11%, 17%, and 1%, respectively. Among Japanese male young adults, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.07; P = 0.008) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.58-2.58; P < 0.001) were independently associated with MAFLD. Furthermore, only the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was able to identify ALD (OR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28-1.74; P = 0.001). Our study revealed that health checkups, including measurement of ALT, BMI, and AUDIT, are important for screening MAFLD and ALD in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tajirika
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takao Miwa
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Cathelencia Francisque
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Tatsunori Hanai
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nanako Imamura
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miho Adachi
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryo Horita
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lynette J Menezes
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Japan
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11
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Chen L, Wang Y. Interdisciplinary advances reshape the delivery tools for effective NASH treatment. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101730. [PMID: 37142161 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe systemic and inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, eventually develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with few options for effective treatment. Currently potent small molecules identified in preclinical studies are confronted with adverse effects and long-term ineffectiveness in clinical trials. Nevertheless, highly specific delivery tools designed from interdisciplinary concepts may address the significant challenges by either effectively increasing the concentrations of drugs in target cell types, or selectively manipulating the gene expression in liver to resolve NASH. SCOPE OF REVIEW We focus on dissecting the detailed principles of the latest interdisciplinary advances and concepts that direct the design of future delivery tools to enhance the efficacy. Recent advances have indicated that cell and organelle-specific vehicles, non-coding RNA research (e.g. saRNA, hybrid miRNA) improve the specificity, while small extracellular vesicles and coacervates increase the cellular uptake of therapeutics. Moreover, strategies based on interdisciplinary advances drastically elevate drug loading capacity and delivery efficiency and ameliorate NASH and other liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The latest concepts and advances in chemistry, biochemistry and machine learning technology provide the framework and strategies for the design of more effective tools to treat NASH, other pivotal liver diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health.
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12
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Pal Chaudhary S, Reyes S, Chase ML, Govindan A, Zhao L, Luther J, Bhan I, Bethea E, Franses JW, Paige Walsh E, Anne Dageford L, Kimura S, Elias N, Yeh H, Markman J, Bozorgzadeh A, Tanabe K, Ferrone C, Zhu AX, Andersson K, Thiim M, Antonio Catalano O, Kambadakone A, Vagefi PA, Qadan M, Pratt D, Hashemi N, Corey KE, Misdraji J, Goyal L, Clark JW. Resection of NAFLD/NASH-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Clinical Features and Outcomes Compared with HCC Due to Other Etiologies. Oncologist 2023; 28:341-350. [PMID: 36763374 PMCID: PMC10078904 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Limited data exist on surgical outcomes for NAFLD/NASH-related HCC compared with other HCC etiologies. We evaluated differences in clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgical resection for NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC compared with other HCC etiologies. METHODS Demographic, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes of patients with surgically resected HCC were collected. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and fibrosis score were assessed by focused pathologic review in a subset of patients. RESULTS Among 492 patients screened, 260 met eligibility (NAFLD/NASH [n = 110], and other etiologies [n = 150]). Median age at diagnosis was higher in the NAFLD/NASH HCC cohort compared with the other etiologies cohort (66.7 vs. 63.4 years, respectively, P = .005), with an increased percentage of female patients (36% vs. 18%, P = .001). NAFLD/NASH-related tumors were more commonly >5 cm (66.0% vs. 45%, P = .001). There were no significant differences in rates of lymphovascular or perineural invasion, histologic grade, or serum AFP levels. The NAFLD/NASH cohort had lower rates of background liver fibrosis, lower AST and ALT levels, and higher platelet counts (P < .01 for all). Median overall survival (OS) was numerically shorter in NAFLD/NASH vs other etiology groups, however, not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NAFLD/NASH-related HCC more commonly lacked liver fibrosis and presented with larger HCCs compared with patients with HCC from other etiologies. No differences were seen in rates of other high-risk features or survival. With the caveat of sample size and retrospective analysis, this supports a similar decision-making approach regarding surgical resection for NAFLD/NASH and other etiology-related HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Pal Chaudhary
- Division of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irun Bhan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Bethea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph W Franses
- Division of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Paige Walsh
- Division of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Dageford
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoko Kimura
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nahel Elias
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Markman
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adel Bozorgzadeh
- Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Jiahui Health, Jiahui International Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Karin Andersson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Thiim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onofrio Antonio Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parsia A Vagefi
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikroo Hashemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Misdraji
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Division of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Division of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hong Y, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Chen H, Yu QQ, Cui H. The roles of lncRNA functions and regulatory mechanisms in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1051306. [PMID: 36467404 PMCID: PMC9716033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent and deadly type of liver cancer. While the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, it is documented that lncRNAs may play key roles. Many HCC-associated lncRNAs have been linked to HBV and HCV infection, mediating gene expression, cell growth, development, and death. Studying the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of HCC-related lncRNAs will assist our understanding of HCC pathogenesis as well as its diagnosis and management. Here, we address the potential of dysregulated lncRNAs in HCC as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, and we evaluate the oncogenic or tumor-suppressive properties of these lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Hong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunxing Zhang
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Hailing Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
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14
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Ding S, Wang P, Pang X, Zhang L, Qian L, Jia X, Chen W, Ruan S, Sun L. The new exploration of pure total flavonoids extracted from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. as a new therapeutic agent to bring health benefits for people. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958329. [PMID: 36276813 PMCID: PMC9582534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel and fruit of Citrus varieties have been a raw material for some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pure total flavonoids from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (PTFC), including naringin, hesperidin, narirutin, and neohesperidin, have been attracted increasing attention for their multiple clinical efficacies. Based on existing in vitro and in vivo research, this study systematically reviewed the biological functions of PTFC and its components in preventing or treating liver metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, intestinal barrier dysfunction, as well as malignancies. PTFC and its components are capable of regulating glycolipid metabolism, blocking peroxidation and persistent inflammation, inhibiting tumor progression, protecting the integrity of intestinal barrier and positively regulating intestinal microbiota, while the differences in fruit cultivation system, picking standard, manufacturing methods, delivery system and individual intestinal microecology will have impact on the specific therapeutic effect. Thus, PTFC is a promising drug for the treatment of some chronic diseases, as well as continuous elaborate investigations are necessary to improve its effectiveness and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Pang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,Shanming Ruan,
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Leitao Sun,
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Outcome after Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Liver-A Single Centre Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195802. [PMID: 36233670 PMCID: PMC9570688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the most common risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, 10 to 15% of all HCC arise in a non-cirrhotic liver. Few reliable data exist on outcome after liver resection in a non-cirrhotic liver. The aim of this single-centre study was to evaluate the outcome of resection for HCC in non-cirrhotic liver (NC-HCC) and to determine prognostic factors for overall (OS) and intrahepatic recurrence-free (RFS) survival. From 2008 to 2020, a total of 249 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Primary outcome was OS and RFS. Radiological and pathological findings, such as tumour size, number of nodules, Tumour-, Nodes-, Metastases- (TNM) classification and vascular invasion as well as extent of surgical resection and laboratory liver function were collected. Here, 249 patients underwent liver resection for NC-HCC. In this case, 50% of patients underwent major liver resection, perioperative mortality was 6.4%. Median OS was 35.4 months (range 1-151 months), median RFS was 10.5 months (range 1-128 moths). Tumour diameter greater than three centimetres, multifocal tumour disease, vascular invasion, preoperative low albumin and increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values were associated with significantly worse OS. Our study shows that resection for NC-HCC is an acceptable treatment approach with comparatively good outcome even in extensive tumours.
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Song L, Li Q, Lu Y, Feng X, Yang R, Wang S. Cancer Progression Mediated by CAFs Relating to HCC and Identification of Genetic Characteristics Influencing Prognosis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2495361. [PMID: 36299502 PMCID: PMC9590114 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2495361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, and although there are several treatment options, the overall results are not satisfactory. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote cancer progression through various mechanisms. METHODS HCC-associated mRNA data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. First, the differentially expressed CAF-related genes (CAF-DEGs) were acquired by difference analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, a CAF-related risk model was built by Cox analysis. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the validity of this risk model. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high- and low-risk groups was executed to explore the functions relevant to the risk model. Furthermore, this study compared the differences in immune infiltration, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, we verified the mRNA expression levels of selected prognostic genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS 107 CAF-DEGs were identified in the HCC samples, and five prognosis-related genes (ACTA2, IGJ, CTHRC1, CXCL12, and LAMB1) were obtained by Cox analysis and utilized to build a CAF-related risk model. K-M analysis illustrated a low survival in the high-risk group, and ROC curves revealed that the risk model could accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. In addition, Cox analysis demonstrated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Enrichment analysis illustrated that DEGs between the high- and low-risk groups were related to immune response, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, risk scores were correlated with the tumor microenvironment, CAF scores, and TIDE scores, and CAF-related marker genes were positively correlated with all five model genes. Notably, the risk model was relevant to the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of 5 model genes were in accordance with the analysis. CONCLUSION A CAF-related risk model based on ACTA2, IGJ, CTHRC1, CXCL12, and LAMB1 was built and could be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing 250353, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing 250353, China
| | - Xianqi Feng
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Rungong Yang
- Department of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing 250353, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
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Morbidity, Prognostic Factors, and Competing Risk Nomogram for Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3002480. [PMID: 34925507 PMCID: PMC8683178 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare and heterogeneous histological subtype of primary liver cancer, which is still poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features, investigate the prognostic indicators, and develop a competing risk nomogram for CHC. Methods The study cohort was taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The annual percent change (APC) in incidence was calculated using the joinpoint regression. The nomogram was developed based on multivariate competing risk survival analyses and validated by calibration curves. Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Harrell's C-index, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to compare prognostic performance. Decision curve analysis was introduced to examine the clinical value of the models. Results The overall incidence of CHC was 0.062 per 100,000 individuals in 2004 and 0.081 per 100,000 individuals in 2018, with an APC of 1.0% (P > 0.05). CHC displayed intermediate clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Race, tumor size, vascular invasion, extrahepatic invasion, distant metastasis, grade, surgery, and Metavir stage were confirmed as the independent predictors of cancer-specific survival. The constructed nomogram was well calibrated, which showed better discrimination power and higher net benefits than the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Patients with liver transplantation had better survival than those with hepatectomy, especially patients within the Milan Criteria (P=0.022 and P=0.015). There was no survival difference between liver transplantation and hepatectomy in patients beyond the Milan Criteria (P=0.340). Conclusion The morbidity of CHC remained stable between 2004 and 2018. The constructed nomogram could predict the prognosis with good performance, which was meaningful to individual treatment strategies optimization. CHC patients should also be considered as potential liver transplantation recipients, especially those within the Milan Criteria, but the finding still needs more evidence to be further confirmed.
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Xia S, Yao L, Li L, Gan Z, Tang H, Guo Q, Yan X, Sun Z. GDI2 is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25304-25324. [PMID: 34894398 PMCID: PMC8714169 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: GDP Dissociation inhibitor 2 (GDI2) gene has been correlated with some important biological processes in a variety of cancers, whereas the role of GDI2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ill-defined. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between GDI2 and HCC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data mining. Methods: The expression of GDI2 was compared between cancer and normal tissues of 371 HCC patients collected from TCGA-LIHC, and verified in HCC cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to annotate biological function of GDI2. Furthermore, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Logistics regression, as well as Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, were employed to evaluate the association of GDI2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, and survival status of HCC patients, respectively. Results: It showed that the expression of GDI2 was much higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.001) of HCC patients. And the elevated expression of GDI2 was correlated with more aggressive HCC tumor status, including severe primary tumor extent, advanced pathological stage, serious histologic grade, and mutated TP53 status (P < 0.05). Moreover, high GDI2 expression was strongly associated with a poor survival rate (P < 0.001). Both enrichment and immune infiltration analyses implied that GDI2-associated signaling mainly involve lipid metabolism and extracellular matrix (ECM) constructing pathways related to tumor microenvironment (TME) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The elevated expression of GDI2 predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients, indicating that GDI2 could be applied as a predictive biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated by The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Yao
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lan Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziying Gan
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinmin Yan
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated by The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Yang H, Deng Q, Ni T, Liu Y, Lu L, Dai H, Wang H, Yang W. Targeted Inhibition of LPL/FABP4/CPT1 fatty acid metabolic axis can effectively prevent the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to liver cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4207-4222. [PMID: 34803493 PMCID: PMC8579444 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as one of the key stages in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can directly progress to HCC, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each stage of disease development were studied through a GEO dataset deriving from a Stelic Animal Model (STAM), which can simulate the evolution of NAFLD/NASH to HCC in humans. GSVA analysis was performed to analyze the differentially expressed oncogenic signatures in each stage. A human NAFLD-related dataset from GEO database was utilized for gene expression verification and further validated in the protein level in STAM mice. Small molecule inhibitors were applied to STAM mice for investigating whether inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis could prevent the occurrence of NASH-related HCC in vivo. Microsphere formation and clonal formation assays in vitro were applied to study if inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis can reduce the viability of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). Results: We found that upregulation of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 molecular axis, as a fatty acid metabolic reprogramming process, occurred specifically during the NASH phase. GSVA analysis showed widespread activation of a large number of oncogenic signals, which may contribute to malignant transformation during NASH. Furthermore, inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis could effectively delay the tumor growth in STAM mice. Cell assays revealed inhibitors targeting this axis can significantly reduce the sphere-forming, proliferation, and clonality of LCSCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that activation of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis is essential for LCSCs maintenance, which acts synergistically with a variety of up-regulated oncogenic signals that drive the hepatocyte-LCSCs transdifferentiation during NASH to HCC progression. Thus, targeting the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis may provide a potential direction for NASH-related HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingmei Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tun Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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20
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Li X, Ge J, Li Y, Cai Y, Zheng Q, Huang N, Gu Y, Han Q, Li Y, Sun R, Liu R. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic study unravels the therapeutic effects of saikosaponins A and D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3527-3541. [PMID: 34900534 PMCID: PMC8642447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most prominent causes of chronic liver diseases and malignancies. However, few therapy has been approved. Radix Bupleuri (RB) is the most frequently used herbal medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. In the current study, we aim to systemically evaluate the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin A (SSa) and saikosaponin D (SSd), the major bioactive monomers in RB, against NAFLD and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that both SSa and SSd improved diet-induced NAFLD. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that SSa and SSd modulated glycerolipid metabolism by regulating related genes, like Lipe and Lipg. SSd profoundly suppressed the fatty acid biosynthesis by downregulating Fasn and Acaca expression and promoted fatty acid degradation by inducing Acox1 and Cpt1a expression. Bioinformatic analysis further predicted the implication of master transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), in the protective effects of SSa and SSd. These results were further confirmed in vitro in mouse primary hepatocytes. In summary, our study uncoded the complicated mechanisms underlying the promising anti-steatosis activities of saikosaponins (SSs), and provided critical evidence inspiring the discovery of innovative therapies based on SSa and SSd for the treatment of NAFLD and related complications.
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21
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Wang F, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhou Y, Wei W, Liu D, Wong CC, Sung JJY, Yu J. Activated Natural Killer Cell Promotes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Mediating JAK/STAT Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:257-274. [PMID: 34506952 PMCID: PMC8599163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic immune microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells, accounting for 10%-20% of liver lymphocytes, in NASH is still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional significance of NK cells in NASH evolution. METHODS NASH was induced in mice fed methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD), or high-fat diet with streptozotocin injection (STAM model). NK cell deficient mice (Nfil3-/-) and neutralization antibody (PK136) were used in this study. RESULTS Activated liver NK cells were identified with increased expression of NKG2D, CD107a, and interferon-γ but decreased inhibitory NKG2A. With NK cell deficiency Nfil3-/- mice, the absence of NK cells ameliorated both MCD- and CDHF- induced NASH development with significantly decreased hepatic triglycerides, peroxides, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared with Nfil3+/+ mice. Further molecular analysis unveiled suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated signaling. Mechanistically, NK cells isolated from NASH liver secreted higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, interleukin 1β, interleukin 12, CCL4, CCL5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), which could activate hepatic JAK-STAT1/3 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling and induce hepatocyte damage evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species and apoptosis rate. Moreover, neutralization antibody PK136-dependent NK cell depletion can significantly alleviate MCD-induced steatohepatitis with suppressed cytokine levels and JAK-STAT1/3 activity. CONCLUSIONS NK cells in NASH liver are activated with a more pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu and promote NASH development via cytokine-JAK-STAT1/3 axis. Modulation of NK cells provides a potential therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenchao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Paternostro R, Sieghart W, Trauner M, Pinter M. Cancer and hepatic steatosis. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100185. [PMID: 34139486 PMCID: PMC8219773 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent and increasing liver disease, which encompasses a variety of liver diseases of different severity. NAFLD can lead to liver cirrhosis with all its complications as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Steatosis of the liver is not only related to obesity and other metabolic risk factors, but can also be caused by several drugs, including certain cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. In patients undergoing liver surgery, hepatic steatosis is associated with an increased risk of post-operative morbidity and mortality. This review paper summarizes implications of hepatic steatosis on the management of patients with cancer. Specifically, we discuss the epidemiological trends, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of NAFLD, and its role as a leading cause of liver cancer. We elaborate on factors promoting immunosuppression in patients with NAFLD-related HCC and how this may affect the efficacy of immunotherapy. We also summarize the mechanisms and clinical course of chemotherapy-induced acute steatohepatitis (CASH) and its implications on cancer treatment, especially in patients undergoing liver resection. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to cirrhosis with all its complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Chemotherapy-associated acute steatohepatitis is a side-effect of chemotherapeutic agents and may limit treatment options. In this review we summarize current clinical concepts of NAFLD and CASH that help clinicians in their clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paternostro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Sieghart
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Liu F. Ultrasound-based techniques for noninvasive diagnosis of liver steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:543-549. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i10.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide medical and social problem. Although nonalcoholic steatosis can be reversed, some patients still progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and accurate disease assessment of NAFLD have become an important basis for its intervention treatment and prognosis improvement. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD, it is not an ideal reference standard, and MRI-PDFF is more often used in clinical research. The non-invasive examination based on ultrasound detection has also become a hot spot of NAFLD research. This paper discusses the ultrasonic diagnosis technology for liver steatosis in NAFLD, with an aim to provide a safe and practical basis for the diagnosis, disease evaluation, and treatment intervention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
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24
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Liu F, Ye Q, Liang J, Cao YY, Shi LL, Zhao X, Xiang HL. Nutritional status and energy metabolism in elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:467-473. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i9.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging of global population and the increase in the incidence of NAFLD, the research of elderly NAFLD population is particularly important.
AIM To study the nutritional status and energy metabolism in elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to provide evidence for disease evaluation, clinical monitoring, and treatment intervention.
METHODS One hundred and eighteen elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with NAFLD were enrolled at Department of Gastroenterology Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. A non-NAFLD group consisting of non-NAFLD volunteers ≥ 60 years was also included. Nutritional status and energy metabolism were evaluated with a body composition analyzer and metabolic cart ( anthropometric measurement, clinical biochemical examination, etc.).
RESULTS Body composition analysis showed that the waist-to-hip fat ratio and body fat content of the NAFLD group were significantly higher (waist-to-hip fat ratio 0.95 vs 0.92, body fat 27.20 vs 19.60 kg, P < 0.05) compared with those of the non-NAFLD group. The results of metabolic vehicle showed that the resting energy expenditure (REE) of the NAFLD group was increased (1769.00 vs 1706.00 vs 1323.00). In elderly NAFLD patients, body fat, waist-to-hip fat ratio, basal metabolism, and REE in the mild fatty liver group were significantly lower than those in the moderate-severe fatty liver group.
CONCLUSION In elderly patients with NAFLD, there are nutritional imbalance and energy metabolism disorder. The nutritional status and energy metabolism of elderly NAFLD patients can be comprehensively evaluated and monitored with a body composition analyzer and metabolic vehicle, so as to provide evidence for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cao
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Li-Li Shi
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Hui-Ling Xiang
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin 300170, China
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25
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Wang H, Huang M, Bei W, Yang Y, Song L, Zhang D, Zhan W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang W, Wang L, Guo J. FTZ attenuates liver steatosis and fibrosis in the minipigs with type 2 diabetes by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111532. [PMID: 34311531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi formula (FTZ), a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine, has various pharmacological properties, such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Hepatocyte apoptosis is a marker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and contributes to liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Given the multiple effects of FTZ, we investigated whether FTZ can be a therapeutic agent for NASH and its mechanism. In the present study, we observed that FTZ treatment had an obviously favorable influence on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the histopathologic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with NASH minipigs. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of the fibrotic marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and a TUNEL assay revealed increased apoptotic positive hepatic cells in the liver tissues of the model group. Furthermore, FTZ administration reduced the increased expression of α-SMA, and FTZ inhibited apoptosis by affecting Bcl-2/Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Mechanistically, our data suggested that FTZ treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In vitro studies showed that FTZ also attenuated intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). FTZ upregulated the expression levels of P-AMPK and BCL-2 and downregulated BAX. The changes induced by FTZ were reversed by Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. In conclusion, FTZ attenuated NASH by ameliorating steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis, which is attributable to the regulation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Lixia Song
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China.
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26
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Liu J, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang S. SOCS2 is a potential prognostic marker that suppresses the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:399. [PMID: 33777222 PMCID: PMC7988697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this disease. The present study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with the progression and prognosis of patients with HCC. A total of three expression profiles of HCC tissues were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO2R method. The identified DEGs were assessed for survival significance using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Among the 15 identified DEGs in HCC tissues [cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily A member 1, cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61, Fos proto-oncogene, forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible β, Inhibitor of DNA binding 1, interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein, metallothionein-1M, pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1, Rho family GTPase 3, serine dehydratase, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), S100 calcium-binding protein P and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1)]. Low expression levels of FOXO1, SOCS2 and TAT and high SPINK1 expression indicated poor survival outcomes for patients with HCC. In addition, SOCS2 was associated with distinct stages of HCC progression in patients and presented optimal diagnostic value. In vitro functional experiments indicated that overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that SOCS2 may act as a valuable prognostic marker that is closely associated with HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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27
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Lai CY, Yeh KY, Lin CY, Hsieh YW, Lai HH, Chen JR, Hsu CC, Her GM. MicroRNA-21 Plays Multiple Oncometabolic Roles in the Process of NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and STAT3 Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:940. [PMID: 33668153 PMCID: PMC7956552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is one of the most frequently upregulated miRNAs in liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, mechanistic pathways that connect NAFLD and HCC remain elusive. We developed a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic zebrafish model (LmiR21) which exhibited an upregulation of miR-21 in the liver, which in turn induced the full spectrum of NAFLD, including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC, in the LmiR21 fish. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment led to accelerated liver tumor formation and exacerbated their aggressiveness. Moreover, prolonged miR-21 expression for up to ten months induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC (NAHCC). Immunoblotting and immunostaining confirmed the presence of miR-21 regulatory proteins (i.e., PTEN, SMAD7, p-AKT, p-SMAD3, and p-STAT3) in human nonviral HCC tissues and LmiR21 models. Thus, we demonstrated that miR-21 can induce NAHCC via at least three mechanisms: First, the occurrence of hepatic steatosis increases with the decrease of ptenb, pparaa, and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway; second, miR-21 induces hepatic inflammation (or NASH) through an increase in inflammatory gene expression via STAT3 signaling pathways, and induces liver fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and collagen deposition via TGF-β/Smad3/Smad7 signaling pathways; finally, oncogenic activation of Smad3/Stat3 signaling pathways induces HCC. Our LmiR21 models showed similar molecular pathology to the human cancer samples in terms of initiation of lipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, fibrosis and activation of the PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/SMADs and STAT3 (PTS) oncogenic signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that miR-21 plays critical roles in the mechanistic perspectives of NAHCC development via the PTS signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (C.-Y. L.); (C.-Y. L.); (Y.-W.H.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (C.-Y. L.); (C.-Y. L.); (Y.-W.H.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (C.-Y. L.); (C.-Y. L.); (Y.-W.H.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Ray Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Sardi C, Martini E, Mello T, Camelliti S, Sfondrini L, Marcucci F, Kallikourdis M, Sommariva M, Rumio C. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on inflamed adipose tissue. Insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Life Sci 2020; 264:118618. [PMID: 33141040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity represents a global health problem. Excessive caloric intake promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by hypertrophic adipocytes and obesity-induced inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type-II diabetes, liver steatosis and cancer. Since obesity causes inflammation, we tested the ability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a potent anti-inflammatory drug, in counteracting this inflammatory process and in mitigating obesity-associated health complications. MAIN METHODS Mice were fed with standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and then treated with acetylsalicylic acid for the subsequent two months. We then analyzed the metabolic and inflammatory status of their adipose and liver tissue by histological, molecular and biochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Although ASA did not exert any effect on body weight, quantification of adipocyte size revealed that the drug slightly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, however not sufficient so as to induce weight loss. Most importantly, ASA was able to improve insulin resistance. Gene expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of macrophage and lymphocyte markers revealed that HFD led to a marked macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue and an increase of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, a situation almost completely reverted after ASA administration. In addition, liver steatosis caused by HFD was completely abrogated by ASA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE ASA can efficiently ameliorate pathological conditions usually associated with obesity by inhibiting the inflammatory process occurring in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Baiges-Gayà G, Fernández-Arroyo S, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Hernández-Aguilera A, París M, Sabench F, Del Castillo D, López-Miranda J, Menéndez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Plasma metabolic alterations in patients with severe obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:374-387. [PMID: 31825539 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can influence hepatic mitochondrial function, and cause non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diagnosis and follow-up rely on invasive liver biopsy so blood-based markers are urgently required. AIM To investigate whether values of circulating metabolites from energy and one-carbon (1-C) metabolism may: (a) reflect hepatic mitochondrial flexibility failure and (b) act as NASH biomarkers. METHODS Patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (n = 270) were investigated using quantitative targeted plasma metabolomics. Comparisons were with non-obese controls without liver disease (n = 50). Obese patients with NASH (n = 53) and without NASH (n = 130) representing extreme groups of liver disease were assessed to test the diagnostic ability of the measured circulating metabolites. Paired liver biopsy and plasma samples from NASH patients were available 1 year post-surgery and were evaluated to monitor metabolomic changes with liver damage resolution. RESULTS We identified correlations between human liver metabolism and obesity. High-plasma α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and lactate concentrations in NASH patients indicating citric acid cycle replenishment via glutaminolysis might also be a crucial point in NASH onset. Plasma measurements of α-KG, β-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate and oxaloacetate reduced the uncertainty in clinical diagnosis of NASH [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.826] and predicted NASH resolution without ambiguity (AUC of 0.999). CONCLUSION Changes in plasma mitochondrial metabolites appear to be associated with NASH. These metabolic responses may be dynamically remodelled following resolution of liver damage through massive weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Cabré
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gayà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta París
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier A Menéndez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,The Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
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30
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Scheau C, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Mihai GL, Didilescu AC, Constantin C, Neagu M. Capsaicin: Effects on the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2019; 24:E2350. [PMID: 31247901 PMCID: PMC6651067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers, and to date, there have been very few drugs available that can improve survival, the most well-known being sorafenib. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex, involving multiple processes including abnormal cell and tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, genomic instability, cellular proliferation, and signaling pathway alterations. Capsaicin is a substance that holds increasingly high interest and is studied as a therapeutic option in a wide array of diseases. Several studies have investigated capsaicin roles in various stages of HCC oncogenesis. This paper aims to thoroughly detail the available information on the individual effects of capsaicin on the cellular mechanisms and pathways involved in HCC development, as well as investigate their possible cooperation and interferences. The synergistic antitumor effects of capsaicin and sorafenib are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gratiela Livia Mihai
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
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