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Han D, Wang W, Gong J, Ma Y, Li Y. Microbiota metabolites in bone: Shaping health and Confronting disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28435. [PMID: 38560225 PMCID: PMC10979239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and bone health has become increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of skeletal well-being. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a crucial role in dynamic interaction, specifically in bone homeostasis. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indirectly promote bone formation by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to increase the expression of osteoblast genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), thus enhancing osteogenic differentiation and bone quality through BMP/SMADs and Wnt signaling pathways. Remarkably, in the context of bone infections, the role of microbiota metabolites in immune modulation and host defense mechanisms potentially affects susceptibility to infections such as osteomyelitis. Furthermore, ongoing research elucidates the precise mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites influence bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Understanding the multifaceted influence of microbiota metabolites on bone, from regulating homeostasis to modulating susceptibility to infections, has the potential to revolutionize our approach to bone health and disease management. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of this evolving field, providing a holistic perspective on the impact of microbiota metabolites on bone health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Weijiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jinpeng Gong
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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Deng X, Lin B, Wang F, Xu P, Wang N. Specnuezhenide Ameliorates Age-Related Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via Modulating Bile Acid Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in D-Galactose-Induced Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:960. [PMID: 37623903 PMCID: PMC10456809 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hepatic lipid accumulation has become a major health problem in the elderly population. Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a major active iridoid glycoside from an edible herb Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, which is commonly used for preventing age-related diseases. However, the beneficial effects of SPN on age-related liver injury remain unknown. This study aimed to reveal the effect of SPN on age-related hepatic lipid accumulation and the underlying mechanism. D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice were treated with vehicle or SPN for 12 weeks. Treatment of SPN decreased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver of D-gal-induced mice. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics showed that the SPN could regulate the bile acid (BA) synthesis pathway and restore the BA compositions in serum, livers, and feces of the D-gal-induced mice. Furthermore, SPN enhanced the protein and mRNA levels of hepatic BAs synthesis enzymes cytochrome P45027A1, cytochrome P4507A1, cytochrome P4507B1, and cytochrome P4508B1. Meanwhile, SPN alleviated D-gal-induced gut dysbiosis and reversed the proportions of microbes associated with bile salt hydrolase activity, including Lactobacillus, Ruminiclostridium, and Butyrivibrio. Our study revealed that SPN attenuated age-related hepatic lipid accumulation by improving BA profiles via modulating hepatic BA synthesis enzymes and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
| | - Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
| | - Nani Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
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Li Y, Wang Q, Jin J, Tan B, Ren J, Song G, Zou B, Weng F, Yan D, Qiu F. 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I in Danshen ethanol extract aggravated cholestasis by inhibiting Cyp3a11 mediated bile acids hydroxylation. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:62-70. [PMID: 36804361 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found that high-dose Tanshinones Capsule (TC) aggravated cholestasis in mice. To explore its underlying mechanism, main tanshinones components (15,16-dihydrotanshinone I (DTI), cryptotanshinone (CTS) and tanshinone IIA (TSA)) form TC were studied separately. Bile acids (BAs) that were primarily metabolized by hydroxylation were identified, and then the inhibitory effect of each tanshinones on their hydroxylation were evaluated. The anti-cholestasis effect of each tanshinones were studied in mice, the hepatic concentrations of BAs and tanshinones were measured and analyzed as well. The effect of tanshinones on Cyp3a11 protein expression was investigated. DTI exhibited inhibitory effect on the hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), their IC50 values were 0.81, 0.36 and 1.29 μM, respectively. The hydroxylation of LCA, TLCA and TCDCA were mediated by Cyp3a11. Low-dose DTI, CTS and TSA ameliorated cholestatic liver injury in mice, while high-dose DTI didn't exhibit anti-cholestatic effect. The hepatic BAs profiles indicated that hydroxylation of BAs was inhibited in high-dose DTI group. DTI and TSA up-regulated the protein expression of Cyp3a11. As the hepatic concentration of DTI increased, the inhibitory effect at enzymatic activity level overwhelmed its up-regulation effect at protein level, thus resulted in worsening of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Experiment center for science and technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guochao Song
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyi Weng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Furong Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bile Acid-Drug Interaction via Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 4C1 Is a Potential Mechanism of Altered Pharmacokinetics of Renally Excreted Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158508. [PMID: 35955643 PMCID: PMC9369231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver diseases not only experience the adverse effects of liver-metabolized drugs, but also the unexpected adverse effects of renally excreted drugs. Bile acids alter the expression of renal drug transporters, however, the direct effects of bile acids on drug transport remain unknown. Renal drug transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1) was reported to be inhibited by chenodeoxycholic acid. Therefore, we predicted that the inhibition of OATP4C1-mediated transport by bile acids might be a potential mechanism for the altered pharmacokinetics of renally excreted drugs. We screened 45 types of bile acids and calculated the IC50, Ki values, and bile acid−drug interaction (BDI) indices of bile acids whose inhibitory effect on OATP4C1 was >50%. From the screening results, lithocholic acid (LCA), glycine-conjugated lithocholic acid (GLCA), and taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid (TLCA) were newly identified as inhibitors of OATP4C1. Since the BDI index of LCA was 0.278, LCA is likely to inhibit OATP4C1-mediated transport in clinical settings. Our findings suggest that dose adjustment of renally excreted drugs may be required in patients with renal failure as well as in patients with hepatic failure. We believe that our findings provide essential information for drug development and safe drug treatment in clinics.
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MahmoudianDehkordi S, Bhattacharyya S, Brydges CR, Jia W, Fiehn O, Rush AJ, Dunlop BW, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Gut Microbiome-Linked Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Major Depression With or Without Anxiety—A Role for Bile Acids. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:937906. [PMID: 35937867 PMCID: PMC9350527 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bile acids (BAs) are steroid acids that are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and further processed by gut-bacterial enzymes, thus requiring both human and gut microbiome enzymatic processes in their metabolism. BAs participate in a range of important host functions such as lipid transport and metabolism, cellular signaling and regulation of energy homeostasis. BAs have recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's and several other neuropsychiatric diseases, but the biochemical underpinnings of these gut microbiome-linked metabolites in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety remains largely unknown. Method Using targeted metabolomics, we profiled primary and secondary BAs in the baseline serum samples of 208 untreated outpatients with MDD. We assessed the relationship of BA concentrations and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD17) and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HRSA-Total), respectively. We also evaluated whether the baseline metabolic profile of BA informs about treatment outcomes. Results The concentration of the primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was significantly lower at baseline in both severely depressed (log2 fold difference (LFD) = −0.48; p = 0.021) and highly anxious (LFD = −0.43; p = 0.021) participants compared to participants with less severe symptoms. The gut bacteria-derived secondary BAs produced from CDCA such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and several of its metabolites, and their ratios to primary BAs, were significantly higher in the more anxious participants (LFD's range = [0.23, 1.36]; p's range = [6.85E-6, 1.86E-2]). The interaction analysis of HRSD17 and HRSA-Total suggested that the BA concentration differences were more strongly correlated to the symptoms of anxiety than depression. Significant differences in baseline CDCA (LFD = −0.87, p = 0.0009), isoLCA (LFD = −1.08, p = 0.016) and several BA ratios (LFD's range [0.46, 1.66], p's range [0.0003, 0.049]) differentiated treatment failures from remitters. Conclusion In patients with MDD, BA profiles representing changes in gut microbiome compositions are associated with higher levels of anxiety and increased probability of first-line treatment failure. If confirmed, these findings suggest the possibility of developing gut microbiome-directed therapies for MDD characterized by gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak MahmoudianDehkordi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Christopher R. Brydges
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- HKBU Phenome Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - A. John Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, Odessa, Ukraine
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Boadie W. Dunlop
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
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Sangaraju D, Katavolos P, Liang X, Chou C, Zabka TS, Dean B, Maher J. Establishment of baseline profiles of 50 bile acids in preclinical toxicity species: A comprehensive assessment of translational differences and study design considerations for biomarker development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 443:116008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Contino KF, Yadav H, Shiozawa Y. The gut microbiota can be a potential regulator and treatment target of bone metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114916. [PMID: 35041811 PMCID: PMC8858876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, an often forgotten organ, have a tremendous impact on human health. It has long been known that the gut microbiota are implicated in cancer development, and more recently, the gut microbiota have been shown to influence cancer metastasis to distant organs. Although one of the most common sites of distant metastasis is the bone, and the skeletal system has been shown to be a subject of interactions with the gut microbiota to regulate bone homeostasis, little research has been done regarding how the gut microbiota control the development of bone metastasis. This review will discuss the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds (i) regulate gastrointestinal cancer disease progression and metastasis, (ii) influence skeletal remodeling and potentially modulate bone metastasis, and (iii) affect and potentially enhance immunotherapeutic treatments for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F Contino
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair and Institute for Microbiome, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Behera J, Ison J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. The role of gut microbiota in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 135:115317. [PMID: 32169602 PMCID: PMC8457311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is referred to as the second gene pool of the human body and a commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganism living in our intestines. The knowledge of the complex interaction between intestinal microbiota and health outcomes is a novel and rapidly expanding the field. Earlier studies have reported that the microbial communities affect the cellular responses and shape many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology within the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). GM influences the skeletal homeostasis via affecting the host metabolism, immune function, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of GM on bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle mass function. This review also opens up new perspectives for pathophysiological studies by establishing the presence of a 'microbiota-skeletal' axis and raising the possibility of innovative new treatments for skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jessica Ison
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Li DS, Huang QF, Guan LH, Zhang HZ, Li X, Fu KL, Chen YX, Wan JB, Huang M, Bi HC. Targeted bile acids and gut microbiome profiles reveal the hepato-protective effect of WZ tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) against LCA-induced cholestasis. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:211-218. [PMID: 32245591 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is caused by the obstacle of bile formation or secretion and can develop into severe liver diseases. We previously reported the ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera (Wuzhi tablet, WZ) can significantly protect against lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice, partially due to the activation of PXR pathway and promotion of liver regeneration. However, the effect of WZ on the bile acids profile and gut microbiome in cholestastic mice remain unknown. In this study, the effect of WZ against LCA-induced liver injury was evaluated and its effect on the bile acids metabolome and gut microbiome profiles in cholestastic mice was further investigated. Targeted metabolomics analysis was performed to examine the change of bile acids in the serum, liver, intestine and feces. The change of intestinal flora were detected by the genomics method. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that WZ enhanced the excretion of bile acids from serum and liver to intestine and feces. Genomics analysis of gut microbiome showed that WZ can reverse LCA-induced gut microbiome disorder to the normal level. In conclusion, WZ protects against LCA-induced cholestastic liver injury by reversing abnormal bile acids profiles and alteration of gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Quan-Fei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li-Huan Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Kai-Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Li L, Rao S, Cheng Y, Zhuo X, Deng C, Xu N, Zhang H, Yang L. Microbial osteoporosis: The interplay between the gut microbiota and bones via host metabolism and immunity. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00810. [PMID: 31001921 PMCID: PMC6692530 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between intestinal microbiota and host is a novel field in recent years. A large number of studies are being conducted on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and bone metabolism. Bone metabolism consisted of bone absorption and formation exists in the whole process of human growth and development. The nutrient components, inflammatory factors, and hormone environment play important roles in bone metabolism. Recently, intestinal microbiota has been found to influence bone metabolism via influencing the host metabolism, immune function, and hormone secretion. Here, we searched relevant literature on Pubmed and reviewed the effect of intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism through the three aspects, which may provide new ideas and targets for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical SciencesCUHKShatin, N.THong Kong SARChina
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuo
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Caihong Deng
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of endocrinology and metabolismZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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11
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Bansal S, Lau AJ. Inhibition of Human Sulfotransferase 2A1-Catalyzed Sulfonation of Lithocholic Acid, Glycolithocholic Acid, and Taurolithocholic Acid by Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Various Analogs and Metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:389-405. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.256255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Mertens KL, Kalsbeek A, Soeters MR, Eggink HM. Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:617. [PMID: 29163019 PMCID: PMC5681992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are best known as detergents involved in the digestion of lipids. In addition, new data in the last decade have shown that bile acids also function as gut hormones capable of influencing metabolic processes via receptors such as FXR (farnesoid X receptor) and TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). These effects of bile acids are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, but can affect different tissues throughout the organism. It is still unclear whether these effects also involve signaling of bile acids to the central nervous system (CNS). Bile acid signaling to the CNS encompasses both direct and indirect pathways. Bile acids can act directly in the brain via central FXR and TGR5 signaling. In addition, there are two indirect pathways that involve intermediate agents released upon interaction with bile acids receptors in the gut. Activation of intestinal FXR and TGR5 receptors can result in the release of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), both capable of signaling to the CNS. We conclude that when plasma bile acids levels are high all three pathways may contribute in signal transmission to the CNS. However, under normal physiological circumstances, the indirect pathway involving GLP-1 may evoke the most substantial effect in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Mertens
- Master's Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yang Z, Li L, Hu H, Xu M, Gu J, Wang ZJ, Yu L, Zeng S. Reverse of Acute and Chronic Morphine Tolerance by Lithocholic Acid via Down-Regulating UGT2B7. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:404. [PMID: 27847477 PMCID: PMC5088436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithocholic acid (LCA) deposited in human livers always induces drastic pains which need analgesic drug, like morphine to release. Our research showed that LCA can effectively inhibit uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) in morphine tolerance-like human normal liver cells, HL-7702, then increase μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and calcium–calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) expression. In vivo assay, UGT2B7 was significantly repressed in the livers of acute or chronic morphine tolerance mice pretreated with LCA (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.). To investigate the connections between LCA function performance and change of UGT2B7 enzymatic activity in mice livers, two morphine metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) were quantified by solid phase extraction (SPE)–HPLC–MS/MS. The result indicated no matter in acute or chronic morphine tolerance, the concentrations of M3G and M6G were all decreased, the later one fell even more. Besides that, 50 mg/kg of LCA administration can prevent auto-phosphorylation of CaMKIIα at Thr286 in acute or chronic morphine tolerance mice prefrontal cortexes (mPFCs) due to synthesis increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. As a consequence, UGT2B7 depression mediated by LCA can affect its selective catalysis ability to morphine, that may be responsible to acute or chronic morphine tolerance alleviation. These findings might assist to modify antinociception of morphine in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingcheng Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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14
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An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric assay for quantifying 3-ketocholanoic acid: Application to the human liver microsomal CYP3A-dependent lithocholic acid 3-oxidation assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1023-1024:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Bansal S, Lau AJ. Fast and sensitive quantification of human liver cytosolic lithocholic acid sulfation using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:171-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Zeng H, Li D, Qin X, Chen P, Tan H, Zeng X, Li X, Fan X, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang M, Bi H. Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera Extract against Lithocholic Acid-Induced Cholestasis in Male Mice Are Associated with Activation of the Pregnane X Receptor Pathway and Promotion of Liver Regeneration. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:337-42. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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17
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Martinefski M, Contin M, Lucangioli S, Di Carlo MB, Tripodi V. In search of an accurate evaluation of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:496489. [PMID: 24278705 PMCID: PMC3820586 DOI: 10.6064/2012/496489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Until now, biochemical parameter for diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) mostly used is the rise of total serum bile acids (TSBA) above the upper normal limit of 11 μM. However, differential diagnosis is very difficult since overlapped values calculated on bile acids determinations, are observed in different conditions of pregnancy including the benign condition of pruritus gravidarum. The aim of this work was to determine the better markers in ICP for a precise diagnosis together with parameters associated with severity of symptoms and treatment evaluation. Serum bile acid profiles were evaluated using capillary electrophoresis in 38 healthy pregnant women and 32 ICP patients and it was calculated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive values and the relationships of certain individual bile acids in pregnant women in order to replace TSBA determinations. The evaluation of the results shows that LCA and UDCA/LCA ratio provided information for a more complete and accurate diagnosis and evaluation of ICP than calculation of solely TSBA levels in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martinefski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Contin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucangioli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Beatriz Di Carlo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Keitel V, Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Zemtsova I, Spomer L, Zilles K, Häussinger D. The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia 2011; 58:1794-805. [PMID: 20665558 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a membrane-bound bile acid receptor in the gastrointestinal tract and immune cells with pleiotropic actions. As shown in the present study, TGR5 is also expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Here, TGR5 may act as a neurosteroid receptor, which is activated by nanomolar concentrations of 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one and micromolar concentrations of 5β-pregnan-3α-17α-21-triol-20-one and 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (allopregnanolone). TGR5 stimulation in astrocytes and neurons is coupled to adenylate cyclase activation, elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In cultured rat astrocytes, TGR5 mRNA is downregulated in the presence of neurosteroids and ammonia already at concentrations of 0.5 mmol L(-1). Furthermore, TGR5 protein levels are significantly reduced in isolated rat astrocytes after incubation with ammonia. A marked downregulation of TGR5 mRNA is also found in cerebral cortex from cirrhotic patients dying with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) when compared with brains from noncirrhotic control subjects. It is concluded that TGR5 is a novel neurosteroid receptor in brain with implications for the pathogenesis of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Ruiz-Gaspà S, Guañabens N, Enjuanes A, Peris P, Martinez-Ferrer A, de Osaba MJM, Gonzalez B, Alvarez L, Monegal A, Combalia A, Parés A. Lithocholic acid downregulates vitamin D effects in human osteoblasts. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:25-34. [PMID: 20055894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common complication in chronic cholestasis. It has been proposed that retained substances such as bile acids may produce a damaging effect on bone cells. This study analyses the effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on cell survival and vitamin D metabolism in human osteoblasts (hOB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteoblasts cultures were performed with or without foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human albumin (HA) at different LCA concentrations and times with or without vitamin D. RESULTS Lithocholic acid at concentrations higher than 10(-5 )M decreased cell survival. This effect was partially prevented by the presence of FBS or HA. Vitamin D stimulated CYP24A, BGLAP and TNFSF11 expression in hOB and these effects were modified by nontoxic LCA concentrations. LCA significantly decreased vitamin D stimulation of CYP24A, BGLAP and TNFSF11 gene expression at 72%, 79% and 56% (respectively). LCA alone has an agonistic effect, as has vitamin D, thus partially increasing CYP24A and BGLAP expression, but with no changes on TNFRSF11B expression. Equivalent effects of the LCA were observed by performing gene reporter assays using MG-63 cells transfected with constructs containing CYP24A1 promoter regions. CONCLUSIONS Lithocholic acid decreases the stimulatory effect of vitamin D on CYP24A, BGLAP and TNFSF11 expression in hOB. This effect is produced through vitamin D response elements (VDREs), located in the promoter regions of these genes, suggesting that LCA acts as a mild analogous of vitamin D, interacting with the vitamin D receptor. These results may explain the potential deleterious effects of retained bile acids on hOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz-Gaspà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Gauthier MA, Simard P, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Bile acids as constituents for dental composites: in vitro cytotoxicity of (meth)acrylate and other ester derivatives of bile acids. J R Soc Interface 2008; 4:1145-50. [PMID: 17439860 PMCID: PMC2396209 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2007.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methacrylic derivatives of bile acids have been synthesized for use as monomers in dental composites. Polymeric dental materials are known to leach cytotoxic unreacted monomers and degradation products. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of bile acids and their derivatives towards 3T3 fibroblasts has been evaluated by colorimetric MTT assay and compared with that of the common dental monomers BisGMA, UDMA and TEGDMA. In general, the bile acids and their derivatives induced mitochondrial dysfunction at similar or higher concentrations than the commercial dental monomers. Certain monomers did not influence MTT response over their entire range of solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de MontréalPO Box 6128 Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Pierre Simard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de MontréalPO Box 6128 Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - X.X Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Université de MontréalPO Box 6128 Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
- Author for correspondence ()
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21
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Klammt S, Mitzner S, Stange J, Brinkmann B, Drewelow B, Emmrich J, Liebe S, Schmidt R. Albumin-binding function is reduced in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and correlates inversely with severity of liver disease assessed by model for end-stage liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:257-63. [PMID: 17301654 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3280101f7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human serum albumin has multiple functions, the most important being maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, ligand binding and transport. In liver failure, an impaired binding of endogenous substances and drugs can be observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of liver disease and an impaired albumin binding. METHODS In 44 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, Child-Turcotte-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores were assessed and the site II-specific albumin-binding function (albumin-binding capacity) was characterized. Briefly, the unbound amount of diazepam site ligand Dansylsarcosine in a sample was determined and compared with the unbound amount in a reference albumin solution (=100%). RESULTS Thirty-two out of 44 of the patients presented with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class C, the median Child-Turcotte-Pugh score was 10 [6-13 (min-max)], median model for end-stage liver disease score was 21 (8-40) and the median albumin-binding capacity was 63 (24-91)% compared with healthy controls 98 (95-106)% (P<0.001). Albumin-binding capacity was found to be strongly correlated to model for end-stage liver disease (r=0.783; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS An impaired albumin-binding function of a site II-specific marker in decompensated liver cirrhosis was found to be correlated to the severity of the liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klammt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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22
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Le M, Krilov L, Meng J, Chapin-Kennedy K, Ceryak S, Bouscarel B. Bile acids stimulate PKCalpha autophosphorylation and activation: role in the attenuation of prostaglandin E1-induced cAMP production in human dermal fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291:G275-87. [PMID: 16710050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) and their mechanism of activation responsible for the modulation of cAMP production by bile acids in human dermal fibroblasts. Stimulation of fibroblasts with 25-100 microM of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) led to YFP-PKCalpha and YFP-PKCdelta translocation in 30-60 min followed by a transient 24- to 48-h downregulation of the total PKCalpha, PKCdelta, and PKCepsilon protein expression by 30-50%, without affecting that of PKCzeta. Increased plasma membrane translocation of PKCalpha was associated with an increased PKCalpha phosphorylation, whereas increased PKCdelta translocation to the perinuclear domain was associated with an increased accumulation of phospho-PKCdelta Thr505 and Tyr311 in the nucleus. The PKCalpha specificity on the attenuation of cAMP production by CDCA was demonstrated with PKC downregulation or inhibition, as well as PKC isoform dominant-negative mutants. Under these same conditions, neither phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p38 MAP kinase, p42/44 MAP kinase, nor PKA inhibitors had any significant effect on the CDCA-induced cAMP production attenuation. CDCA concentrations as low as 10 microM stimulated PKCalpha autophosphorylation in vitro. This bile acid effect required phosphatidylserine and was completely abolished by the presence of Gö6976. CDCA at concentrations less than 50 microM enhanced the PKCalpha activation induced by PMA, whereas greater CDCA concentrations reduced the PMA-induced PKCalpha activation. CDCA alone did not affect PKCalpha activity in vitro. In conclusion, although CDCA and UDCA activate different PKC isoforms, PKCalpha plays a major role in the bile acid-induced inhibition of cAMP synthesis in fibroblasts. This study emphasizes potential consequences of increased systemic bile acid concentrations and cellular bile acid accumulation in extrahepatic tissues during cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Le
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, George Washington Univesity Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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23
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Meng JP, Ceryak S, Aratsu Z, Jones L, Epstein L, Bouscarel B. Biphasic regulation by bile acids of dermal fibroblast proliferation through regulation of cAMP production and COX-2 expression level. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C546-54. [PMID: 16687473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00011.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the bile acids chenodeoxycholate (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) decreased PGE1-induced cAMP production in a time- and dose-dependent manner not only in hepatocytes but also in nonhepatic cells, including dermal fibroblasts. In the present study, we investigated the physiological relevance of this cAMP modulatory action of bile acids. PGE1 induced cAMP production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PGE1 (1 microM), forskolin (1-10 microM), and the membrane-permeable cAMP analog CPT-cAMP (0.1-10 microM) decreased dermal fibroblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum inhibition of approximately 80%. CDCA alone had no significant effect on cell proliferation at a concentration up to 25 microM. However, CDCA significantly reduced PGE1-induced cAMP production by 80-90% with an EC(50) of approximately 20 microM. Furthermore, at concentrations < or =25 microM, CDCA significantly attenuated the PGE-1-induced decreased cell proliferation. However, at concentrations of 50 microM and above, while still able to almost completely inhibit PGE-1-induced cAMP production, CDCA, at least in part through an increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression level and PGE2 synthesis, produced a direct and significant decrease in cell proliferation. Indeed, the CDCA effect was partially blocked by approximately 50-70% by both indomethacin and dexamethasone. In addition, overexpression of COX-2 cDNA wild type resulted in an increased efficacy of CDCA to block cell proliferation. The effects of CDCA on both cAMP production and cell proliferation were similar to those of UDCA and under the same conditions cholate had no effect. Results of the present study underline pathophysiological consequences of cholestatic hepatobiliary disorders, in which cells outside of the enterohepatic circulation can be exposed to elevated bile acid concentrations. Under these conditions, low bile acid concentrations can attenuate the negative hormonal control on cell proliferation, resulting in the stimulation of cell growth, while at high concentrations these bile acids provide for a profound and prolonged inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ping Meng
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, 523 Ross Hall, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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24
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Balistreri WF. Inborn errors of bile acid biosynthesis and transport. Novel forms of metabolic liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1999; 28:145-72, vii. [PMID: 10198783 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Defective bile acid biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport can now be delineated in a wide variety of disease states. This ability to recognize specific aberrations, such as the documented inborn errors in bile acid biosynthesis manifesting as neonatal cholestasis, offers new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Future studies should determine the incidence of bile acid biosynthetic and transport defects in patients with enigmatic and unexplained liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Balistreri
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Transplantation, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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